thi mn TH TRNG IN

Lp Cao hc K33 Lm ng
s 1
Thi gian : 90 pht

Cu 1.
Mt cng ty pht in s hu 3 my pht in c hm chi ph nh sau:
2
T my A: CA(PA) = 15+1,4 P A +0, 04 P A $/h
2
T my B: CB(PB) = 20+1,8 PB +0, 02 P B $/h
2
T my C: CC(PC) = 18+1,6 PC +0,05 PC $/h
a/ Chi ph bin l g? Vit biu thc chi ph bin ca 3 t my.
b/ Ba t my phi pht cng sut nh th no khi cung cp cho ph ti tng bng
350MW th tng chi ph ca ba t my t cc tiu. Tnh gi o v chi ph cc tiu.
c/ Phn phi cng sut pht ca ba t my trn s thay i nh th no nu cng ty c c
hi mua in nng trn th trng tr ngay vi gi 8,2 $/MWh. Nhn xt g v li nhun
ca cng ty?

Cu 2.
Xt mt th trng in gm hai cng ty pht in A v B, c hm chi ph ln lt l:
CA = 36 PA $/h
CB = 31 PB $/h
ng cu ngc ca khch hng c dng:
= 120 D $/MWh
a/ Xc nh nhu cu cc i ca khch hng? Chi ph bin ca mi nh my?
b/ Xc nh thng d cc i ca khch hng. Khch hng c th t c thng d ny
khng? V sao?
c/ Gi s th trng cnh tranh khng hon ho theo m hnh Cournot. Hy tnh im cn
bng ca th trng. Vi kt qu ny, hy xc nh thng d ca khch hng v ca cc
cng ty pht in.
Cu 1:
a) Chi ph bin MC (Marginal Cost) l chi ph trn n v thnh phm c sn xut v tiu
th cui cng.
Hm chi ph bin chnh l o hm ca hm chi ph, cc biu thc ca 3 t my nh sau:

C A ( P A )
T my A: MCA = = 1,4+0,08 P A $/h
PA
C B ( P B )
T my B: MCB = = 1,8+0,04 P B $/h
PB
C C ( P C )
T my C: MCC = = 1,6+0,1 PC $/h
PC

b) Ta thnh lp c hm Lagrange nh sau:

l = CA(PA) + CB(PB) + CC(PC) + (L PA PB PC)
Trong : L = 350MW l ph ti tng ca 3 t my.
Cho cc o hm ring ca hm Lagrange theo cc bin s bng zero, ta c iu
kin cn ca bi ton ti u l:
l
=1,4+0,08 P A = 0
PA
l
=1,8+0,04 P B = 0
PB
l
=1,6+ 0,1 PC = 0
PC
l
=LP A PB PC = 0

Gii h phng trnh ny ta tm c chi ph bin ca in nng trong h thng
bng: = 9,02 $ / MWh. y chnh l gi o.
Cng sut ca cc t my tng ng l:
PA = 95,26 MW;
PB = 180,53 MW;
PC = 74,21 MW.
Chi ph sn xut cc tiu tng ca cc t my l:
C = CA(PA) + CB(PB) + CC(PC) = 1920.21 $ /h
c) Trong trng hp gi th trng tr ngay = 8,2 $/MWh, tc l thp hn chi ph
bin = 9,02 $ / MWh, th cc t my phi gim cng sut xung n mc sao cho:
d C A d C B d CC
= = = =8,2
d P A d PB d P C
Do :
T my A: 1,4+0,08 P A = 8,2 => PA = 85 MW

T my B: 1,8+0,04 P B = 8,2 => PB = 160 MW

T my C: 1,6+0,1 PC = 8,2 => PC = 66 MW

Tng cng sut pht c 3 t my sau khi iu chnh l: 311 MW
Vy nh my phi mua thm t th trng tr ngay l:
 P=L Pi =350311=39 MW.
Chi ph sn xut tng ca cc t my lc ny l:
C = CA(PA) + CB(PB) + CC(PC) = 1584,4 $/h
Nh vy: khi Cng ty iu chnh cng sut cc t my, chi ph sn xut in
gim i bng C C = 1920.2 1584,4 = 335,8 $/h. Ngha l nh my tng c li
nhun l 335,8 $/h.

Cu 2:
a)
- Nhu cu cc i ca khch hng: Nhu cu cc i ca khch hng l khch hng
mua c sn phm c tng thng d ca khch hng t cc i.
- Chi ph bin ca mi nh my:
C A ( P A )
MCA = = 36 $/h
PA
C B ( P B )
MCB = = 31 $/h
PB
b) Xc nh thng d cc i ca khch hng
- th ng cu ngc ca khch hng nh sau:
($)
120
ng cu ngc
Thng d ca khch hng

D (MW)
0 120
Thng d cc i ca khch hng l phn din tch c t trn hnh trn, n t cc
i khi gi th trng bng 0 v t cng sut nhu cu cc i l 120 MW.
- Khch hng khng th t c gi tr thng d ny v khng th c ngun cung p
ng c iu kin nh trn v khng m bo v chi ph v li nhun ca nh sn
xut.
Trong thc t: Tng ca thng d ca ngi tiu th v li nhun ca nh sn xut
c gi l phc li chung (global welfare). N xc nh tng li ch pht sinh do s trao
i. Phc li chung s t cc i ch khi no th trng cnh tranh c php vn hnh
mt cch t do v gi n nh ti giao im ca ng cung v ng cu.

c) Gi s th trng cnh tranh khng hon ho theo m hnh Cournot. Hy tnh im

cn bng ca th trng:
- Hai Cng ty cng hot ng trong 1 th trng cnh tranh do ngun cung phi
bng ngun cu ca th trng:
D = PA + PB
- Li nhun ca 2 Cng ty c tnh bng biu thc sau:
A = (PA,PB) = (D).PA CA(PA) = (120 - D)PA 36PA = (84-PB)PA PA2
B = (PA,PB) = (D).PB CB(PB) = (120 - D)PB 31PB = (89-PA)PB PB2
i
iu kin ti u l: =0
Pi
 A
= 84 PB 2PA = 0 => 2PA + PB = 84 (1)
PA
B
= 89 PA 2PB = 0 => PA + 2PB = 89 (2)
PB
Gii h phng trnh (1) v (2) ta c: PA = 26,3 MW, PB = 31,3 MW.
D = 57,6 MW; = 120 D = 120 57,6 = 62,4 $/MWh
Nh vy: im cn bng ca th trng l:
PA = 26,3 MW; PB = 31,3 MW; D = 57,6 MW; = 62,4 $/MWh
- Thng d ca khch hng:

($)
120
ng cu ngc

Thng d ca khch hng 62,4

D (MW)
0 120
57,6

Thng d ca khch hng bng phn din tch ca hnh tam gic trn c kt qu l 1658,88
$/h.
- Li nhun ca Cng ty A: A = PA 36PA = 62,4PA 36PA = 694,32 $/h.
- Li nhun ca Cng ty B: A = PB 31PA = 62,4PA 31PA = 982,82 $/h.