50288-9-6E AID: 59493 | 17/10/2017

(a)

Refer to Fig 9.8 in the textbook.

The flow characteristics of linear characteristics is f l .

The flow characteristics of square-root characteristics is f l .
The flow characteristics of square characteristics is f l 2 .

Using excel a graph is drawn between f versus l for three different characteristics. The
plot obtained is shown in Figure 1.

From the plot in Figure 1, the square valve curve is similar to the equal percentage curve
in Fig 9.8.

Thus, the characteristics of square valve resemble the characteristics of equal percentage
valve.

(b)

Consider the change in f to the change in l is the valve gain.

df
Valve gain (1)
dl

Calculate the gain of quick-opening valve.

Substitute l for f in equation (1)

Valve gain
d l
dl
1

2 l

Calculate the gain of linear valve.

Substitute l for f in equation (1)
d l
Valve gain
dl
1

The valve gains of quick-opening valve and linear valve are calculated for l 0,0.5,1 .

Valve Valve Gain l=0 l=0.5 l=1

Quick open 1 0.707 0.5
2 l
Linear 1 1 1 1

The maximum gain for Quick open valve is at l=0.

The gain for linear valve is constant.

Thus, the valve gains of quick-opening valve and linear valve are calculated and
compared.

(c)

Consider the design equation for sizing control valves.

Pv
q Cv f l (2)
gs
Cv is the valve coefficient
f l is the flow characteristics
Pv is the pressure drop across the value
g s is the specific gravity of the fluid

Substitute 1 for g s , 64 for Pv and 1024 for q in equation (2).

64
1024 Cv f l
1
The value of Cv is determined when f l 1
1024 Cv 1 8
Rewrite the equation.
1024
Cv
8
128 gal.in/min. lb
1/2

The value of Cv is 128 gal.in/min. lb

1/2
.
(d)

Consider the change in lift values to the applied pressure.

The values are l 0 at p 3 psig and l 1 at p 15 psig

Write the expression for l in terms of p.

1 0 p 3
l
15 3
p
0.25
12

p
Thus, the expression relating l and p is l 0.25 .
12

(e)

The value of Cv calculated in part (c) is 128 gal.in/min. lb

1/2

Substitute 128 for Cv and 1 for g s in equation (2).

q 128 f l Pv
For square valve, f l l 2
q 128l 2 Pv
p
Substitute 0.25 for l.
15
2
p
q 128 0.25 Pv
12
128
Pv p 3
2

144
q 0.8889 Pv p 3
2
(4)
The applied pressure varies between 3 and 15 psig.
Substitute 3 for p in equation (4).
q 0.8889 Pv p 3
2

0
For p 3 , q 0 for all values of Pv

Substitute 15 for p in equation (4).

q 0.8889 Pv 15 3
2

128 Pv
For Pv 0 ,
q0

For Pv 64 ,
q 1024

Thus, the calculated values of q for various choices of p and Pv are reasonably well
within the limits.