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Name: ..
Year 9:
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More about salts: the first part of the name of a salt comes from a metal, and the second part comes
from an acid.
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Year8 Revision
Atoms v Elements
An element is a substance made from one type of atom. It cannot be changed into another
element or anything simpler using chemical reactions. So elements are pure substances which
cannot be decomposed down further.
An atom is the smallest particle of an element.
There are around (more) than 100 elements in nature. Most of them are natural, some are artificial
(synthesised by chemists in the lab). Examples of elements are copper, iron, oxygen,
hydrogen
Atoms of the same element are identical but they differ from atoms of other elements; for instance,
oxygen atoms are all identical but they differ from atoms of nitrogen or any other element.
All the different elements are arranged in a chart called the periodic table.
They are arranged so that similar elements are found in vertical columns, called groups.
The metals are on the left and the non-metals are on the right.
Elements are represented in the periodic table by their chemical symbols. Every chemical symbol
starts with a capital letter, with the second or third letter in the lower case. For example, Mg is the
correct symbol of Magnesium. Sometimes the symbol of the element comes from the name of an
element which is not an english word; for example Au stands for gold and Ag stands for silver
however, the same chemical symbols are used all over the world, no matter which language is
spoken.
Atoms are the smallest particles of elements. When 2 or more atoms join they form molecules.
However, if the atoms joining are different, then they form compounds. For example, 2 oxygen
atoms form an oxygen molecule O2 which is still an element (molecular element). But when
oxygen and hydrogen atoms join, they form a water molecule which is a compound. Some atoms
in nature don't join to form molecules; these are the atoms of noble gases such as He & Ne.
* Molecules formed from two atoms are called diatomic molecules such as N2 and HCl and those
formed of more than 2 atoms are called polyatomic molecules as S8, CaCO3.
However, ozone O3 is a tri atomic molecule as well as H2O.
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Application: Classify the following as Atoms, Molecules, Elements or Compounds.
Physical changes in matter are those in the state or appearances of a substance such as freezing,
breakage, tearing Such changes are reversible. Examples of physical changes are breaking
glass, melting of ice
Chemical changes in matter are those which are irreversible. Examples of chemical changes are
burning, rotting of food
One rule in naming chemical compounds is using the ide and ate suffixes. In other words,
names that end in "ide" have two elements present. And names that end in "ate" have three
elements present including oxygen. For example, NaCl is sodium chloride and CaCO3 is calcium
carbonate.
Compounds may have different names in different languages, but their formulae are always the
same. So a compound can be recognized by its formula all over the world. For example, the
formula of water is H2O which shows that water contains twice as much hydrogen as oxygen. One
way of splitting water is by using electricity this process is called electrolysis.
Electrolysis is a chemical reaction which helps break water down into its elements: oxygen and
hydrogen.
We represent chemical reactions with chemical equations using names (word equations) or
formulae (symbol equations).
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
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Metals and Non-metals
Properties of Metals
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Reacting Metals with Acids
1. What happens when a metal reacts with an acid?
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2. How to prepare Salts from Metals?
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Reacting Metal Carbonates with Acids
1. What happens when a metal carbonate reacts with an acid?
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2. How to prepare Salts from Metal Carbonates?
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Reacting Metal Oxides with Acids
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Reacting Alkalis with Acids
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