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  • Ezgisel Kodlarin Belirledigi Bir Sistem PDF

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    9 views18 pages

    Ezgisel Kodlarin Belirledigi Bir Sistem PDF

    Uploaded by

    Arastoo Mihan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 18
    Pen EZGISEL KODLARIN BELIRLEDIGI ‘BIR SISTEM OLARAK MAKAM KAVRAMI: HUSEYNI MAKAMPNIN INCELENMESt 1M, Erturad Bayraktarkatal ‘Okan Murat OZTORK Abstract ‘Makam Concept as a System Determined by Melodic Codes: “Analyzing of Hseyni Makam In this research, the concept of makam is discussed by melody-centric approach. ‘Today's Traditional Turkish Music (TTM) theory isa product of the process of Turkish modernization. Theoretical discourse is dominated by Western understanding. This discourse explains the concept of makan with ‘scalecentered’ model. In scale-centered approach, scale is seen as the fundamental element of makars while melody is assumed asa function ofthe scale degrees. Clearly this approach makes makarn identical with tonality. In tonality, there isa functional relationship between scale and melody. According to founders of the ‘modern’ theory of TTM, the relationship between traditional makams and melodies is the same as in tonality. Iit really the case? In this study, Hilseyni makam. is chosen as analyzing subject, with the sim of better understanding of the relationships beeween makam and melody. First of all, is made a selection from the traditional repertoire of Hiseyni makam. Melodies were analyzed by dividing to three sections which are named ‘beginning’, ‘continuing’ and ‘ending’. Thus itis determined the prominent specialties of the melodic sections. These determinations reveal the presence of semiotic relationship between melody and maken. In this situation, melody is a ‘signifier’ while ‘makam is a ‘signified’. New terms are developed, defined and used for the analysis of melodic lines, such as ‘melodic domain’, ‘melodic function’, ‘centtal tone’, ‘peripheral tone’, ‘melodic direction’, ‘tensional center’, ‘resolution center’, ‘supplementary tone oF tone? In this conceptual framework, i is aserted that of makam runs as ‘a system which is determined by melodic codes” Giri Makam, geleneksel Tiirk mizik kiltirimtin temel konularindan birini olugturur. Yazit kaynaklarda XIV. yy.dan bu yana varlgs belilenmis olan makam kavraminin, -” << a ‘Tiirk miizk cirtindeki geliimi gestli tarihsel dénemler bakumundan dikkate deger yaklapimlara sahne olmuseur. -XVIIL yy. sonrasindaki gelimelerde, gelencksel ‘miizik teorisi ve makam konusunun ele alinssyla ilgili olarak belirgin degigme ve giderek de Batihlagmaci bir bakisin etileri gbrilir. Gtiniimiiz diinyasinda makam kavramina dayal olarak mizik yapan kiltirlerle ilgili uluclararas:aragermalarda, makem epiindan, baglica iki Szlifn ne gikanldsna anuk olunmaktads:() Teorik/yapsa zl, ( Uygulaiayla/igleyisle ilgili Szellikler. Makam konusunun ele alinsinda; ‘ergi kab? (enelodic formulae) (Powers, 1958), ‘ezgisel gekirdek’ (melodic nucleus) (Pacholezyk 1978: 1996), ‘kalip motif ve cimleler’ (stereotyped motives and phrases) (Signell 197; 2008), ‘perde hiyeraryisi (pitch hierarchy), ‘aralik stralang’ (ntervalic ordering), “icra kkurallan’ (performance rules) (Aoyagi 2001), ‘baslama ve bitig kaliplan’ (opening and concluding/ losing patterns) (Idelsohn 1992; Pennanen 1997) gibi kavramlar izerinden. lamays iiskin boyutlara dikkat cekildigi gorilmektedir. Makam agisindan miizik’ ve teorik miizik’ (musica speculativa/musicatheorica)alanlant iginde degerlendirilen ‘yap’ kavram: basica aralik dizenlenisleriyle igileamektedir. Uygulama/isleyig,‘pratik miizik’ (musica practia) ise dogrudan‘ezgi’ ve ‘seyis/hareket” kavramlanyla ilgili olup, mizigin gergeklesme alanunu olusturur. Bu alismada, makamin ‘yapr’ yOniinti Gne gkaran yaklasumlar ‘dizi-merkezl” olarak deferlendirilirken, ezgi ve exgisel harekete vurgu yapanlar da ‘ezgi-merkezi’ olarak degerlendirilmektedir. Son yillarda makam pratigini anlamaya déniik efjlimlerin gindmiiz etnomiizikoloji ve miizikoloji cevrelerinde afsrlik kezanmasiyls birlikte salam ie cog areanda bln alana dni eirlana sayisinda da ary oldugu, dolayinyla ‘ezgimerkeali yaklapumlar'n giderek Snem Hira t009, be yolian ve’ dejeeadnae pbaiamalanan bt opal uy ve deg makamin, biri ‘yapisl

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