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Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 2


1.1 General......................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Objectives of Consultancy ............................................................................................ 2
1.3 Methodology ................................................................................................................ 2
2.0 INVESTIGATION REPORTS .................................................................................. 2
2.1 Building inspection report ............................................................................................ 2
2.2 Non-Distructive Testing report ..................................................................................... 3
2.3 As-Built Structural Drawings Inspection Report ........................................................... 4
2.4 Comparative Structural Analysis Report ....................................................................... 5
2.5 Valuation Report .......................................................................................................... 7
3.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONS ........................................................... 7
4.0 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................ 8
4.1 Non-Destructive Tests Report....................................................................................... 9
4.2 As-Built Structural Drawings List............................................................................... 10

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
The building is located along Kenyatta Avenue in Nairobi County. The 17 storey building
was designed in 1978 by Richard Hughes and Partners (Project Architects), East African
Engineering Consultants (Project Civil, Structural, and Electrical & Mechanical Engineers)
and Davson& Ward (Project Quantity Surveyors). The building construction commenced in
1979 and was completed in 1982. The building has been in existence for 31 years.

1.2 Objectives of Consultancy


The objectives of the Consultancy include:-
Inspection of the building to confirm its status and different structural systems and
space
Structural analysis design of selected frames
Undertaking Non-Destructive tests
Interpretation of test results and reporting
Opinion on market value of the plot and building

1.3 Methodology
The consultant undertook the following measures to enable structural integrity assessment of
the building;

1. Carried out inspection of the building


2. Non-destructive tests on selected structural members
3. Structural drawings were availed on 23rd April 2013.
4. Comparative structural analysis to come up with recommendations
5. came up with an indicative cost and hence the market value of the property

2.0 INVESTIGATION REPORTS


2.1 Building inspection report

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The consultant carried out a detailed visual inspection of the building to confirm whether the
different structural members conform to serviceability requirements as per BS 8110:1997
which include;
Effects of deflection due to vertical loading
Effects due to wind and earthquake loading considering Nairobi experienced earth
tremors in 2006.
Cracking
Vibrations
Durability of concrete
Signs of fatigue
Fire resistance
The visual inspection was conducted on the building on the following structural members;
Basement-foundation
Lower basement-slab, beams and columns
Ground Floor-slab, column and beams
Typical floors (7th, 13th and 17th )-slab, beams, columns
Shear walls, lift shaft walls, retaining walls, staircase and ramp

None of the inspected structural members showed any sign of failure as no cracks,
deflections, buckling or leakages were visible.

2.2 Non-Distructive Testing report


The consultant commissioned Engineering Controls Ltd to undertake Non-destructive tests on
the building at locations shown in table 2.1. The tests were conducted to determine;
The approximate strength of concrete
The size and number of reinforcement bars used
Concrete cover to the reinforcement bars
Spacing of reinforcement
The engineering objective of the tests was to;
Determine the structural member sizes for comparison with the structural drawings
Determine reinforcement steel and compare with the structural drawings
Determine concrete strength to assess any deterioration with age.
Determine concrete covers to assess fire resistance capabilities
Get information that will aid in comparative structural analysis to determine whether
the structure is safe, serviceable and durable.

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Table 2.1: Non-destructive tests locations
Level Structural Description Tests
Member
Typical Floor slab 3No. 3
Beams 2 Beams @ 4 8
locations=4No.
Columns 2 Columns on different 6
wings and in opposite
direction @ 3 floors i.e
2 x 3=6No.
Shear wall 2 walls @ 7th floor 2
i.e2No.
Lift Shaft Wall 1 wall @ 7th floor 1
i.e1No.
Staircase 1 at mid-span i.e1 No. 1
Ground Floor Roof Slab 2 No. 2
Column 2 columns from typical 3
floor i.e 2 x 1=2No. + 1
column from roof slab
i.e 1x1=1No.
Beams 2 beams from typical 6
+1additional beam, i.e
3x2=6No.
Lower basement Suspended slab 3No. 3
Beams 2 beams from typical 6
+1additional beam, i.e
3x2=6No.
Columns 2 columns from typical 3
floor i.e 2 x 1=2No. + 1
column from roof slab
i.e 1x1=1No.
Basement Foundation 2No. 2
Others Retaining Wall 2No. 2
Ramp 2No. 2
TOTAL 50 No. test
Locations

The tests that were carried out included;


Visual inspection and measurement of the structural members
Electromagnetic test to determine the reinforcement bar sizes, concrete cover and
spacing on structural members
Schmidt hammer test to determine the approximate concrete strength

The results of these tests are in appendix 4.1 while a comprehensive engineering
interpretation and analysis is presented in 2.4.

2.3 As-Built Structural Drawings Inspection Report

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As-built structural drawings were forwarded to the consultant on 23rd April 2013. The
consultant requested for 66 drawings as attached in appendix 4.2 list for study. The drawings
were for basement, lower basement, ground floor, mezzanine, first floor and typical floor
layouts and reinforced concrete details. Other drawings were for beams, slabs, lift shaft walls,
staircase, shear wall, ramp, columns and retaining walls. The drawings were found to be
professionally drafted.

2.4 Comparative Structural Analysis Report


Comparative structural analysis has been undertaken to determine;
Whether as-built structural drawings match the findings of non-destructive tests and
physical measurements
Whether the design strength of concrete matches the non-destructive test results and
whether it has deteriorated over time
A comprehensive structural comparative analysis has been presented in table 2.2 with the
following key findings;
Measured structural member sizes match the as-built drawings sizes
Reinforcement bar sizes and number matches the as-built drawings
Concrete cover matches the as-built drawings and is adequate for 1 hour fire
resistance
The structure can withstand horizontal loads such as wind and seismic as per the
provided frames and shear walls
Concrete strength of all structural members has increased over the years in the ranges
of 30% to 50%.

Table 2.2: Comparative structural analysis


Member Site & NDT Findings As-Built/design requirements Inference
Colum C1 Size 1600 x 1600mm hexagon 1600 x 1600mm hexagon Ok
(Lower Rebar 24Y32 24Y32
basement) Cover Varies 35-62mm 40mm
Concrete 55.3N/mm2 40N/mm2
Strength
Colum C1 Size 1600 x 1600mm hexagon 1600 x 1600mm hexagon Ok
th
(7 floor) Rebar 10Y25 10Y25
Cover Varies 26-41mm 40mm
Concrete 38.9N/mm2 30N/mm2
Strength
Colum C1 Size 1600 x 1600mm hexagon 1600 x 1600mm hexagon Ok

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(13th Floor) Rebar 4Y25+4Y20 4Y25+4Y20
Cover Varies 25-46mm 40mm
Concrete 40.7N/mm2 30N/mm2
Strength
Colum C1 Size 1600 x 1600mm hexagon 1600 x 1600mm hexagon Ok
th
(17 Floor) Rebar 8Y16 8Y16
Cover Varies 13-43mm 40mm
Concrete 32.3N/mm2 25N/mm2
Strength
Beam-B1 Size 550 x 700mm 550 x 700mm Ok
(Mid-span- Rebar 4Y25 4Y25
bottom- Cover 25mm 25mm
lower Concrete 60.1N/mm2 40N/mm2
basement) Strength
Beam-B2 Size 550 x 700mm 550 x 700mm Ok
(Mid-span- Rebar 4Y25 4Y25
bottom- Cover 25mm 25mm
lower Concrete 53.8N/mm2 40N/mm2
basement) Strength
Retaining Size 250mm 250mm Ok
Wall Rebar Y16@200NF/FF,Y12@200NF/FF Y16@200NF/FF,Y12@200NF/FF
(Lower Cover 30mm 30mm
basement) Concrete 56.5N/mm2 40N/mm2
Strength
Ramp Size 250mm 250mm Ok
(Lower Rebar Y16@200NF/FF,Y16@200NF/FF Y16@200NF/FF,Y16@200NF/FF
basement) Cover 30mm 20mm
Concrete 58.1N/mm2 40N/mm2
Strength
Staircase 1 Size 200mm 200mm Ok
(mezzanine) Rebar Y12@200B1/B2 Y12@200B1/B2
Cover 45mm 20mm
Concrete 40.6N/mm2 25N/mm2
Strength
Shear Wall Size 250mm 250mm Ok
1 Rebar Y16@200NF/FF,Y12@200NF/FF Y16@200NF/FF,Y12@200NF/FF
(Mezzanine) Cover 45mm 25mm
Concrete 44.1N/mm2 25N/mm2
Strength

Lift Shaft Size 250mm 250mm Ok

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Wall (13th Rebar Y16@200NF/FF,Y12@200NF/FF Y16@200NF/FF,Y12@200NF/FF
floor) Cover 45mm 25mm
Concrete 44.1N/mm2 25N/mm2
Strength

2.5 Valuation Report


The consultant is not a specialist in property valuation but by using the current construction
cost the selling price of the building is as worked out in the table 2.3 below.

Table 2.3 Summary of cost estimates for building


Item Area (m2) Rate (KES.) Amount (KES)

basement 2,700 45,000 121,500,000

Upper basement 2,700 45,000 121,500,000

Mezzanine Floor 2,700 45,000 121,500,000

Ground Floor 2,700 45,000 121,500,000


Typical Floors 13,600 45,000 612,000,000
Sub-total (1) 1,098,000,000

Professional Fees - 15% 164,700,000

Land - - 650,000,000

Sub-total (2) - - 1,912,700,000


Profits &
- 20% 382,540,000
Overheads
TOTAL - - 2,295,240,000

The building is approximated at KES. 2.3 billion.

3.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONS

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The consultant has undertaken visual and physical measurements, non-destructive testing,
studied as-built structural drawings and undertaken comparative structural analysis and
interpretation. The consultant is therefore able to conclude that;
The building structure was constructed as per the as-built structural drawings
The building structure can withstand vertical loading and horizontal loadings
(nominal, wind and seismic loads) as per the frame and shear walls provided.
The building is stable, safe, serviceable and durable

4.0 APPENDICES

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4.1 Non-Destructive Tests Report

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4.2 As-Built Structural Drawings List

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