Quiz 3 (Ch.

5)
W = F∆x cos θ PE g = mg∆y Chapter 6
1
KE = mv 2 PE s = k ∆ x / 2
2

2
Momentum and Collisions
Wnc = E f − Ei =
(KE f + PE f ) − (KEi + PEi )
if Wnc = 0, then E f − Ei = 0
1 2

Momentum Momentum components

r
„ The linear momentum p of an „ p x = mv x and p y = mv y
object of rmass m moving with a „ Applies to two-dimensional motion
velocity v is defined as the
product of the mass and the y
velocity
r r r
„ p = mv p
„ SI Units are kg m / s p y = mv y
„ Vector quantity, the direction of the
momentum is the same as the velocity’s p x = mvx x

3 4

Impulse Impulse cont.

„ In order to change the momentum of „ When a single, constant force acts
an object, a force must be applied
on the object, there is an impulse
The time rate of change of momentum
delivered to the object
„
of an object is equal to the net force r r
acting on it „
I = F ∆t
r
∆p m(v f − vi ) r r
= = Fnet
„
∆t ∆t „ I is defined as the impulse
„ Gives an alternative statement of Newton’s „ Vector quantity, the direction is the
second law same as the direction of the force

5 6

1
 Impulse-Momentum
Theorem Average Force in Impulse
„ The theorem states that the „ The average force
can be thought of as
impulse acting on the object is the constant force
equal to the change in momentum that would give the
of the object same impulse to the
r r r r object in the time
„
F∆t = ∆p = mv f − mv i interval as the actual
time-varying force
gives in the interval
„ If the force is not constant, use the
average force applied

7 8

Impulse Applied to Auto

Average Force cont.
„ The impulse imparted by a force during
the time interval ∆t is equal to the area
under the force-time graph from the
beginning to the end of the time
interval
„ Or, the impulse is equal to the average
force multiplied by the time interval:
r r
Fav ∆t = ∆p
Collisions
„ The most important factor is the
collision time or the time it takes
the person to come to a rest
„ This will reduce the chance of dying
in a car crash
„ Ways to increase the time
Seat belts
„

„ Air bags
9 10

Air Bags Example: Problem #2

„ The air bag increases „ m = 0.06 kg
the time of the r
collision „ v1 = 50 m/s r vi
It will also absorb vf
„
„ v2 = 40 m/s
some of the energy
from the body
It will spread out the x
„
„ I-?
area of contact
„ decreases the „ W-?
pressure
„ helps prevent
penetration wounds
11 12

2
 Conservation of
Example: Problem #11 Momentum
„ m = 1.5 kg „ Momentum in an isolated system in
which a collision occurs is conserved
„ vib = 0 m/s
„ A collision may be the result of physical
„ vic = -2.0 m/s contact between two objects
„ “Contact” may also arise from the
electrostatic interactions of the electrons in
„ a) I-? the surface atoms of the bodies
„ b) vfb-? „ An isolated system will have not external
forces
„ c) vfc-?
13 14

Conservation of Conservation of
Momentum, cont Momentum, cont.
„ The principle of conservation of „ Mathematically:
momentum states when no external r r r r
m1v1i + m2 v2i = m1v1f + m2 v2f
forces act on a system consisting of two
objects that collide with each other, the „ Momentum is conserved for the system of
total momentum of the system remains objects
constant in time „ The system includes all the objects
interacting with each other
„ Specifically, the total momentum before the
„ Assumes only internal forces are acting
collision will equal the total momentum
during the collision
after the collision
„ Can be generalized to any number of
objects
15 16

Notes About A System Example: Problem #20

„ Remember conservation of „ Wr=30 N
momentum applies to the system „ Wman=700 N
„ You must define the isolated „ mb = 5 g
system „ vb = 300 m/s
r
∆p = 0
r vrec1-?
Fnet = 0 „

„ vrec2-?
17 18