Parts of Speech

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Part of speeches for FA, FSC, BA, Bsc & B.Com part 1 Functional English
PART OF SPEECH
The different kinds of words are called part of speech. The part of speech is
eight in number.
1. NOUN 5. PRONOUN
2. VERB 6. ADJECTIVE
3. ADVERB 7. PREPOSITION
4. CONJUNCTION 8. INTERJECTION
1. THE NOUN
A noun is the name of a person, place, a thing, an activity, a quality, or an

idea. Noun can be used as the subject or object etc. in a sentence.
e.g. desert, animals, luck, Ali, team. Lahore,
Kinds of noun
PROPER NOUN COMMON NOUN

COLLECTIVE NOUN MATERIAL NOUN
ABSTRACT NOUN COMPOUND NOUN
PROPER NOUN
A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place or thing. A proper
noun always begins with capital letter.
e.g. Ahmad , Lahore , Bang-e-Dara etc.
COMMON NOUN
A common noun is the name of general place, person or thing. It is not
capitalized except in the beginning of a sentence.
E.g. girl, park, book, student, street, home, etc.
Common noun Proper noun

Poem Jawab-e-shikwa
Nation Pakistan
Sportsman Imran khan
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Ship Seahawk
Newspaper The News
River The ravi
Road The Mall
Day Friday
City Lahore
Organization UNO
COLLECTIVE NOUN
A collective noun is the name of a group of persons,
places , or things. Generally a collective noun is used as a common noun.
E. g. flock, team, the rich, jury, dozen, club, hive, class, clump,
company, crew, curriculum, cluster, etc
MATERIAL NOUN
A material noun is the name of a material through which things are made.
e.g. wood, iron, milk, butter, plastic, cement, etc.
ABSTRACT NOUN
An abstract noun is the name of quality, condition,
action, or idea. Which cannot be seen or felt.
e.g. knowledge, beauty, truth, goodness, ability, poverty, hated,

courtesy, patriotism, fear, love, etc
COMPOUND NOUN
A compound noun is two or more words used together as a single noun.
e.g. seafood, filmmaker, grasshopper, Iceland, police officer.
Etc
2.THE PRONOUN
A pronoun is a word used instead of noun.

E.g. Afzal is absent because he is ill.
In the above example we avoid the use of noun i.e. Afzl second time, thus
pronoun he is used instead of repetition of noun
Afzal.
KINDS OF PRONOUN
Personal pronoun Indefinite pronoun

Interrogative pronoun Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun Emphatic/Intensive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
PERSONAL PRONOUN
The pronouns which are used for three persons are called personal
pronoun.
Subjective Objective
Possessive Possessive
or or
adjective pronoun
Nominative Accusative
I My Me Mine
1stperson
We Our Us Ours
nd
2 person You Your You Yours
He His Him His
She Her Her Hers
3rdperson
They Their Them Theirs
It Its It
INDEFINITE PRONOUN
The pronouns which are used to refer people and things in a general way
are called indefinite pronoun.
E.g. all, more, both, many, any, somebody, someone, everyone, some,
few, no one, etc.
No one can reach the station.
Many are injured.
All were happy.
Some one has killed by him
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
The pronouns which are used to ask the question is called interrogative
pronouns. These pronouns are also performing as a interrogative adjective.
E.g. who, whom, whose, what, which,
RELATIVE PRONOUN
Who, which, that, and whose are also used as relative pronouns when they
refers to some noun; which comes right before them. These are also called
conjunction pronoun because they introduce a subordinate clause.
E.g. The man who is honest is trusted.
I have found the book which I had lost.
My father that is a teacher is fifty years old.
REFLEXIVE PRONOUN
The reflexive pronoun are those pronouns which end in self or selves for
example. Myself, ourselves, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, and
themselves, they are generally perform as a direct object.
E.g. He kill himself .
We hit ourselves.
EMPHATIC PRONOUN
Reflexive pronouns are also used as a emphatic pronouns when they
comes after a noun for the sake of emphasis.
E.g. He himself did it.
Maryam herself found the situation.
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
This , that , these, and those are used to point out the object therefore
they are called demonstrative pronoun. They are also performing as
demonstrative adjective.
e.g. This is a pen.
That is a bike.
3.THE VERB
The verb is an action which is done by the subject on the object.
E.g. Ali fight with Aslam.
explanation:
In above sentence ALI is subject which did the
action FIGHT on objectASLAM.
TRANSITIVE VERB.
A verb(action) which is directly pass over the object is called transitive
verb.
E.g. she sold her house.
We eat apples.
INTRANSITIVE VERB.
A verb(action) which is not directly pass over the object is called

intransitive verb.
We are going.
I am drinking.
They are laughing.
4.THE ADJECTIVE
A word which is used to modify or add in the meaning of noun or pronoun
is called adjective. It usually comes before a noun or pronoun.
The lazy boy was punished.

I bought a new bicycle.
KINDS OF ADJECTIVE
ADJECTIVE OF QUALITY ADJECTIVE OF QUANTITY

ADJECTIVE OF NUMBER DEMONSTRATVE
ADJECTIVE
INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVE
Adjective of quality.
A word which is used to describe the quality of noun or pronoun is called
adjective of quality or descriptive adjective.
Karachi is a large city.
He is a honest man.
Naved is a intelligent boy.
Adjective of quantity
Adjective of quantity shows the quantity of something.
E.g. some, much, little, enough, no, any, sufficient, etc
He has lost all his wealth.
I ate some rice.
He shown much patience.
Adjective of number.
Adjective of number shows the number of noun or pronoun.
The hand has five fingers.
Few cats like cold water.
All men must die.
Demonstrative adjective.
This, that, these, and those are also perform as a demonstrative adjective
when they come before a noun.
This boy is stronger than hameed.
Those rascal must be punished.
These mangoes are sour.
Interrogative adjective
What, which, and whose when the are used with nouns to ask question are
called interrogative adjective.
Adjective from noun
Noun Adjective
Boy Boyish
Fool Foolish
Dirt Dirty
Gold Golden
Hope Hopeful
Silk Silken
5.THE ADVERB
An adverb adds to the meaning of a verb, adjective or some other adverb.

The soldier fought bravely.
The tower was surprisingly tall.
They cried very loudly.
Explanation: the adverb bravely qualifies the verb fought. Surprisingly
qualify the adjective tall. Loudly qualify the verb cried; very qualifies the
adverb loudly.
An adverb answers the question

How;
When;
Where;
To what extent;
How often;
KINDS OF ADVERB.
ADVERB OF MANNER ADVERB OF TIME

ADVERB OF PLACE ADVERB OF FREQUENCY

ADVERB OF DEGREE
(ADVERB OF MANNER)
which shows HOW
e.g. those adverb which answer the the questions how or in what manner is
called adverb of manner.
This story is well written.
He did his work slowly.
He ran fast.
(ADVERB OF TIME)
which shows WHEN
I have forgiven him already.
That day he arrived late.
I have heard this before.
e.g.now, soon, daily, yesterday, immediately, once, ago, etc
(ADVERB OF PLACE)
Which shows where
God is everywhere.
Go there.
The snake moved away.
e.g.up, below, outside, in, out, every, any where etc.
(ADVERB OF FREQUENCY)
Which shows how often
He often makes mistakes.
He seldom comes here.
e.g. always, usually. Normally. Sometimes, occasionally, never.
ADVERB OF DEGREE
Which shows how much
He was too careless.
I am fully prepared.
The water was extremely cold.
Just, nearly, hardly,very, too, quit, scarcely, etc
Adverb make from adjective by using ly at the end
Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb

Cheap Cheaply Quick Quickly
Slow Slowly Clear Cleary
Actual Actually Easy Easily
Happy Happily Lucky Luckily
Terrible Terribly Gentle Gently
Basic Basically Tragic Tragically
6.THE CONJUNCTION
Conjunction is a word used to connect words or groups of words:
Co ORDINATING SUBORDINATING
CONJUNCDTION CONJUNCTION
Explanation: Subordinate conjunction
Coordinating conjunction join joins the main clause with
sentenceelement of equal rank dependent clause.
And ,but, for, or, nor,
After, if, since, that, when,
E.g. she was poor but honest. where, although, as, as if,
unless, before, till, while,
than,
E.g. Jawad has gone
home becauseha was tired.
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION
Both..and either.. or
Neither.nor not only.but also
e.g. Both Ali and Ahmad are players.

You should either mend yourself or leave the class.
Neither she nor her sister tells a lie.
He is not only intelligent but also hard working.
7.THE INTERJECTION.
Words which are used to describe strong feelings are called interjection. It
often followed by the sign of exclamation ( !).
Hurrah! Bravo!
Oh! Ah! Alas! Humph!
Hush! Well done! Etc.
____________________________________________________________
___________________
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Able Abler Ablest
Brave Braver Bravest
Fat Fatter Fattest
Easy Easier Easiest
Old Older Oldest
Rich Richer Richest
Early Earlier Earliest
Good Better Best
Bad Worse Worst
Little Less Least
Late Latter Last
Many More Most
Far Farther Farthest
Wonderful More wonderful Most wonderful
Decent More decent Most decent
Wonderful Less wonderful Least wonderful
Decent Less decent Least decent

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www.allonlinefree.

A noun is the name of a person, place, a thing, an activity, a quality, or an

PROPER NOUN COMMON NOUN

Common noun Proper noun

e.g. knowledge, beauty, truth, goodness, ability, poverty, hated,

A pronoun is a word used instead of noun.

Personal pronoun Indefinite pronoun

A verb(action) which is not directly pass over the object is called

The lazy boy was punished.

ADJECTIVE OF QUALITY ADJECTIVE OF QUANTITY

An adverb adds to the meaning of a verb, adjective or some other adverb.

An adverb answers the question

ADVERB OF MANNER ADVERB OF TIME

ADVERB OF PLACE ADVERB OF FREQUENCY

Just, nearly, hardly,very, too, quit, scarcely, etc

Adverb make from adjective by using ly at the end

Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb

Conjunction is a word used to connect words or groups of words:

e.g. Both Ali and Ahmad are players.

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

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