Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Trang 1
3Mg sin 2 j
N1 = Mg - My = Mg -
//
G + cosj .sinj - cos 2j
2 2
3Mg sin j 3cosj
N 2 = MxG// = - cos
2 2
Khi thanh va th ra j = nn
3Mg 2
N1 =Mg- sin
4
3Mgsin2
N2 =
8
2
Khi thanh ri khi tng N 2 = 0 cosj = cos .
3
Bi ton 2. (HSG QG 2008)
Si dy khng dn, khi lng khng ng k,
c vt qua rng rc c nh, hai u buc vo hai vt
khi lng m1 v m2 (m1< m2). Rng rc c khi lng M,
bn knh R v c mt khe hp phanh li khi cht G gm
vo . Bit h s ma st trt gia dy v rng rc l k.
B qua ma st trc rng rc. Lc u, rng rc c
cht li, h trng thi cn bng.
1. Khi cht G ri nh rng rc, h bt u chuyn ng.
Tnh gia tc a v vn tc ca cc vt khi rng rc quay c mt vng.
2. Ngay sau khi quay c mt vng, cht G li gm tc thi vo khe rng rc
lm cho dy b trt trn rng rc. Bit rng trn on dl ca phn dy tip xc
k
vi rng rc th lc cng T ca dy bin thin mt lng theo quy lut dT = Tdl
R
. Hy xc nh gia tc a/ ca cc vt v lc cng T1 , T2 ti cc im A v B
tng ng ni dy bt u tip xc vi rng rc.
3. Tnh vn tc ca cc vt sau thi gian t k t thi im dy b trt trn rng
rc.
Gii
1.Phng trnh ng lc hc ca cc vt
Trang 2
a
(T2 - T1)R = I b = I
R
(1) P2 - T2 = m2a
T - P = ma
1 1 1
a=
( m2 - m1 ) g
Gii h (1) ta thu c kt qu M.
m1 + m2 +
2
Khi rng rc quay c 1 vng, cc vt m 1 v m2 i c qung ng s = 2pR .
Vn tc cc vt m1 v m2 lc
4pR ( m2 - m1 ) g
v = 2as =
M
m1 + m2 +
2
2. Cc phng trnh ng lc hc
P2 - T2 = m2a' (2)
T1 - P1 = ma'
1 (3)
Do c ma st gia dy vi na vng trn ca rng rc nn lc cng dy cc
im khc nhau th khc nhau, tng dn t A n B.
Xt on dy dl, bin thin lc cng
T2 p
dT
dT = kTdj = kdj
T1
T 0
kp
T T2 = T1e
Kt hp vi cc phng trnh (1), (2), (3) gii ra ta c
a' =
( m - me ) g
2 1
kp
kp
m2 + me
1
T1 = m1 ( a'+ g)
T2 = m1 ( a'+ g) ekp
3. Vn tc cc vt c xc nh bi v = v0 + a t , trong v0 l vn tc ti thi
/
im dy bt u trt. Ta c
Trang 3
4pR ( m2 - m1 ) g
v0 =
M
m1 + m2 +
2
T vn tc ca cc vt
v= +
(
4pR ( m2 - m1 ) g m2 - me1
kp
gt
)
M m + me kp
m1 + m2 + 2 1
2
3L
AG =
5
Momen qun tnh ca h vi trc quay qua G (p dng nh l Say n-
Huyghen):
8mL2
IG =
15
a. Khi thanh cn bng, xt vi trc quay qua im B v vung gc vi mt phng
hnh v. T phng trnh momen, c:
Trang 4
2L
( M + m) g
P.BG - T0 L cos 0 = 0 T0 = 5 = 2mg (1)
L cos 0 cos 0
b. Ti thi im t = 0 khi dy O 2B va
b ct, v thanh cha di chuyn, im A
c vn tc bng 0. im A ch c gia
tc theo phng vung gc vi dy O1A
r r r
Xt im G, c gia tc: a G = a A + a G / A .
Trong h quy chiu t, vi trc quay
qua khi tm G, trong qu trnh chuyn
ng quay ca thanh sau khi ct dy, c
phng trnh momen, ti thi im ban u:
T.AG.cos 0 = I G g G
T.AG.cos 0
gG = gA = g = (2)
IG
Phng trnh LII Newton:
r r r r
P + T = ( M + m) ( aA + aG/A )
r
Chiu ln phng dy O1A, vi a G / A hng nh hnh v, ta c:
( M + m ) g cos 0 - T = ( M + m ) g.AG.cos 0 (3)
Thay (2) vo (3) tnh c:
T=
( M + m ) g cos 0
1+
( M + m ) AG 2 .cos 2 0 (4)
IG
Thay gi tr ca AG v IG tnh trn vo (4) tnh c:
40mg cos 0 T.AG.cos 0 45gcos 2 0
T= v g = = .
8 + 27 cos 2 0 IG ( 8+27cos20 ) L
Bi ton 4. (HSG QG vng 2, 2011)
Mt con lc vt l c khi lng M, khi tm ti
G v c th quay quanh trc nm ngang i qua im O
nm trn con lc. Momen qun tnh ca con lc i vi
trc quay l I. Bit khong cch OG = d. Con lc c
Trang 5
th t v tr c OG hp vi phng thng ng mt gc 0 = 600 (G pha di O).
B qua ma st trc quay v lc cn mi trng.
1. Tnh ln phn lc ca trc quay ln con lc khi OG hp vi phng thng
ng mt gc .
2. Tnh gia tc ton phn ln nht ca khi tm con lc trong qu trnh dao ng.
3. Khi con lc ang v tr cn bng th chu tc dng mt xung lng x ca lc
F trong thi gian rt ngn t theo phng i qua im A trn trc OG (lc F hp
vi OG gc , xem hnh v)
a) Xc nh xung lng ca lc do trc quay tc dng ln con lc trong thi gian
tc dng t.
b) Xc nh gc v v tr im A xung lng ca lc tc dng ln trc quay
bng khng.
Gii
r r r
1. Chiu phng trnh ng lc hc Mg + F = Ma ln cc phng:
Ox tip tuyn vi qu o khi tm:
Mgd = Ft - Mg sin (1)
Oy trng vi phng GO:
Mw2d = Fn - Mg cos (2)
Phng trnh chuyn ng quay :
I= - Mgdsin (3)
T(1) v (3) suy ra:
Md 2
Ft = Mg ( 1 - A ) sin , vi A = (4)
I
nh lut bo ton nng lng:
Iw2
= Mgd ( cos- cos 0 ) (5)
2
T (2) v (5) ta c:
{ ( 1 - 2A ) cos+2Acos } + ( 1 - A )
2 2
F = Ft 2 + Fn 2 = Mg 0 sin 2
Trang 6
( w d ) + ( gd )
2 2
a = a 2n + a 2t = 2
= gA 1 - 8cos .cos 0 + 3cos 2 + 4cos 2 0
2 Mgd 2
Hm ny cc i ti = 0 , khi a max = .
3 I
3. a. Phn tch xung lng X0 ca lc trc quay tc dng ln con lc thnh hai
thnh phn XOy, XOxtheo phng thng ng Oy v phng ngang Ox. p dng
nh l bin thin ng lng v mmen ng lng vi vx, vyl cc thnh phn
vn tc khi tm sau va chm:
MvGx = X sin b + X Ox (1)
X Oy = X cos b (2)
vGx
I = lX sin b (3)
d
2
Mld 2
T , ln ca X0 : X O = XOx
2
+ X 2Oy = X - 1sin b + cos 2b
I
y l=OA.
b. trc quay khng chu tc ng ca xung lc X th cn hai iu kin
I
X Oy = 0 b = 900 v X Ox = 0 X O = 0 . T l = OA = .
Md
Trang 7
a) Tm chu k dao ng nh ca vt 2. Bit rng trong qu trnh dao ng,
vt 2 lun ln khng trt trn vt 1.
b) Bit l h s ma st ngh gia vt 1 v vt 2. Tm gi tr ln nht ca gc
trong qu trnh dao ng iu ho, vt 2 khng b trt
trn vt 1.
3. Thay vt 2 bng mt vt nh 3. Vt 3 nm trong mt
phng OAB. Ko cho vt 1 v vt 3 lch khi v tr cn bng
sao cho G v vt 3 nm v hai pha mt phng thng ng cha , vi cc gc
lch u l nh hnh v, ri th nh. B qua ma st. Tm khong thi gian nh
nht vt 3 i ti C.
Gii
1. Do tnh i xng, ta thy ngay G nm trn ng thng ng Oy nn ch cn
tnh ta yG = OG ca vt.
2m 2m
Xt phn t di dl, c khi lng dm = dl = d .
pR p
2. . Xt vt 2 v tr ng vi gc lch . Gi j l gc m
vt 2 t quay quanh mnh n. Chn chiu dng tt c cc
chuyn ng ngc chiu kim ng h. Lc tc dng ln
vt 2 gm: trng lc, phn lc, lc ma st ngh.
Phng trnh chuyn ng ca khi tm vt 2 xt theo
phng tip tuyn vi qu o: m 2 a = Fms - m2 gsin b
V nh sin b b (rad) m 2 ( R - r ) b // = Fms - m 2gb (1)
Phng trnh chuyn ng quay ca khi tr nhquanh khi tm:
m 2 r 2 j// = Fms r (2).
Trang 8
g
b // + b = 0 (4).
2( R - r)
2( R - r )
Nghim (4) c dng dao ng iu ha vi chu k T = 2p .
g
1
T (2) ta c Fms = m 2 rj// = - m2 ( R - r ) b // = m 2 gb (5)
2
b2
Phn lc: N = m 2 g cos b = m2 g
1- (6)
2
1 1 1
Hay b0 2
8 + - .
m2 m
g
Nghim ca (1) l q = q0 cosw0 t vi w0 = .
R
Gc lch ca vt 3 so vi phng OG l
w - w1 w1 + w1
g = - q = 2 0cos 1 t
cos t
2 2
p
Khi vt 3 ti C th g = 0 . T : t min = w + w .
1 1
A
Trang 9 0
khi lng m. Bit A nm trong mt phng m mt phng ny vung gc vi trc
ca hnh tr v i qua khi tm C ca vnh hnh tr. Ngi ta t vnh tr trn
mt phng nm ngang. Bit gia tc ri t do l g. Gi thit khng c ma st gia
vnh tr v mt phng. y vnh tr sao cho AC nghing mt gc o so vi
phng thng ng ri bung ra cho h chuyn ng vi vn tc ban u bng
khng (Hnh 1.a).
a) Tnh ng nng cc i ca h.
b) Vit phng trnh qu o ca A trong h quy chiu gn vi mt t.
c) Xc nh tc gc ca bn knh AC khi AC lch mt gc (< o) so vi
phng thng ng.
Gii
V khng c ma st, cc ngoi lc tc dng ln h ch theo phng thng ng,
nn v tr theo phng ngang ca khi tm G khng i.
a. p dng nh lut bo ton c nng, ng nng cc i ca h bng gim
cc i ca th nng ca vt m
Wd max = mgR ( 1 - cos0 )
O C
M
x= R sin . (1) G x
M+m A
V y = R ( 1 - cos ) (2).
T (1) v (2) thay vo h thc sin 2 + cos 2 = 1
B
ta thu c phng trnh qu o ca m trong h
qui chiu gn vi mt t
x2 y2
2
+ 2 =1
M R (3).
R
M + m
Trang 10
Phng trnh (3) m t qu o chuyn ng ca m l mt elip bn trc ln R
M
dc theo Oy v bn trc nh R dc theo Ox.
M+m
c. V khng c ma st, khi tm G ch chuyn ng theo phng thng ng nn
vn tc ca im G theo phng thng ng. im tip xc B c vn tc theo
phng ngang, t tm quay tc thi K ti thi im gc lch AC v phng
thng ng c xc nh nh hnh v. ng nng ca h
C
G K
A
1 1
Wd = I K w2 = ( M.R 2 + M.CK 2 + m.KA 2 ) w2 (1)
2 2
Trong :
m
CK = mCG.cos = R cos (2)
m+M
KA = CK 2 + R 2 - 2.R.CK.cos (3)
p dng nh lut bo ton c nng ta c
1
mgR ( cos-cos 0 ) = I K w2 (4)
2
Thay (1), (2), (3) vo (4) thu c biu thc tc gc ca bn knh CA
2mg ( cos-cos 0 )
w=
m 2
.
R ( m + M)
1- cos
2
M + m
Trang 11
Trang 12