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SEMBODAI RUKMANI VARATHARAJAN ENGINEERING


COLLEGE
SEMBODAI 614809
(Approved By AICTE,Newdelhi Affiliated To ANNA UNIVERSITY::Chennai)

ST 7211 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL


ENGINEERING LABORATORY
(REGULATION-2013)

OBSERVATION
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

NAME: ___________________________________

REGISTER NUMBER: ________________________

YEAR/SEM.: _______________________________

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2014 - 2015

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ST 7211 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL


ENGINEERING LABORATORY
(R 2013)
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
(As Per Anna University Syllabus)
1. Fabrication, casting and testing of simply supported reinforced concrete beam
for strength and deflection behaviour.
2. Testing of simply supported steel beam for strength and deflection behaviour.
3. Fabrication, casting and testing of reinforced concrete column subjected to
concentric and eccentric loading.
4. Dynamic testing of cantilever steel beam
a. To determine the damping coefficients from free vibrations.
b. To evaluate the mode shapes.
5. Static cyclic testing of single bay two storied steel frames and evaluate
a. Drift of the frame.
b. Stiffness of the frame.
c. Energy dissipation capacity of the frame.
6. Determination of in-situ strength and quality of concrete using
i) Rebound Hammer and ii) Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Tester.
7. Effect of admixtures in concrete for workability, strength and durability.

PREPARED BY
K.KESAVAN M.E.(Structural), MISTE.
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

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INDEX

SL.NO DATE EXPERIMENTS PAGE NO MARKS SIGN.

Fabrication, casting and testing of


simply supported reinforced concrete
1.
beam for strength and deflection
behavior.
Testing of simply supported steel
2. beam for strength and deflection
behavior.
Fabrication, casting and testing of
3. reinforced concrete column subjected
to concentric and eccentric loading.
Determination of in-situ strength and
4. quality of concrete using Rebound
hammer.
Determination of in-situ strength and
5. quality of concrete using Ultrasonic
Pulse Velocity Tester.
6. Stress strain behavior of concrete.

Effect of admixtures in concrete for


Workability;
7. i) Slump Test,
ii) Compaction Factor Test,
iii) Vee-Bee Consistometer Test.

Effect of admixtures in concrete for


strength;
i) Determination of Compressive
8.
Strength of Concrete,
ii) Determination of Flexural Strength
of Concrete.
Effect of admixtures in concrete for
9.
durability.

LAB. IN CHARGE HOD

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FABRICATION, CASTING AND TESTING OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED RC BEAM FOR
STRENGTH AND DEFLECTION BEHAVIOUR
Ex.No.: Date:

Aim:
To conduct a flexure test on the simply supported RC beam and determine the following
parameters:
Moment of Resistance, Ductility and energy absorption capacity.
Apparatus Required:
RC beam specimen
Loading frame
Hydraulic Jack
Load Cell for the measurement of load
LVDT (or) dial gauges for the measurements of deflections
Theory:
The behavior of the given RC beam at various stages of loading is to be studied from the
initial un cracked phase to the final ultimate phase at collapse.
Procedure:
The RC beam has the dimensions of 150150mm in cross section and of length
1000mm. The reinforcement consists of 4 numbers of 10mm diameter bars, 2 at top
and 2 at bottom along with 6mm diameter stirrups spaced at 100mm c/c.
M20 concrete mix was prepared and used for casting the RC beam and comparison
specimens.
After 28 days of curing the specimens were white washed and marked with grid line to
facilitate easy marking of crack pattern.
The RC beam is tested by using the Universal Testing Machine or loading frame. The
test setup is shown in fig. Two point loading is applied on the specimen to produce
flexure failure. Dial gauges were fixed at three locations as shown in fig to measure
the deflections of the beam under loading. If the test is conducted with the help of
loading frame, the load is applied by means of hydraulic jack and proving ring is used
to assess to load level.
The load is applied gradually till the failure of the specimen takes place. The
deflection readings are taken at periodic intervals of loading. The load at which cracks
have been formed is noted down as first cracking load. As the load level is increased
further cracks have been propagated and widening of cracks has taken place. The
corresponding deflections show that there is a sudden increase in deflection readings
while the loading reaches nearer to the yield loading.
The specimen is loaded up to the ultimate level and the failure pattern is to be
observed.
The value of the bending moment corresponding to the load level is determined. The
theoretical cracking moment of resistance is calculated and to be compared with the
experimental results.
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In the linear cracked phase, the stresses developed in concrete and steel have been
computed.
Using the strength of materials principle the deflection of the beam under the load has
been calculated.
By substituting the deflection value obtained from the experimental results in the
formula the Modulus of Elasticity of the RC beam has been computed.
Instrument Setup:

Fig.1.Test setup (Beam) - 2P load

Fig.2.(a). Hydraulic Jack (b). Load Cell (c). Dial Gauges(Digital & Manual)

Fig.3. (a). Digital Clinometer (b). Strain Indicator (c). Strain Gauge

Fig.4.Hydraulic Operation
Formula Used:
Un cracked Phase:
The applied Moment (M) is less than the cracking moment. The entire is effective in

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resisting the moment.

Mcr = fcr = fcr . Ze = fcr .
6
Where,
Mcr - Cracking Moment
fcr - Modulus of Rupture = 0.7
y - Distance Between N.A. and Extreme fibre = d/2
Observation:
Least count of Dial gauge =
Tabulation:
Sl.no Load in kN Load in N Deflection in mm Remarks

Graph:
Draw the graph between load and deflection.

Result:
First crack load (PI) =
Ultimate load at failure (PF) =
Ultimate Moment Resistance (MR) =
Youngs Modulus (E) =

Viva Voce:
1. Define: Hydraulic jack, Load Cell, Strain Gauge and their types?
2. Difference between Ductility and Stiffness.
3. What is meant by Energy Dissipation?
4. Difference between Modulus of rupture and Modulus of Rigidity.

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TESTING OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED STEEL BEAM FOR STRENGTH AND
DEFLECTION BEHAVIOUR
Ex.No.: Date:

Aim:
To conduct a flexure test on simply supported steel beam and study the load deflection
behavior and moment curvature relationship.
Apparatus Required:
Steel beam
Loading frame
Hydraulic jack with load cell
LVDT or Dial Gauges
Theory:
If a beam laterally restrained and compact is loaded progressively it deflects and its
bending curvature varies along the length of the beam. The behavior is linear elastic during the
initial stages of loading. The variation of strain along the depth of the member can be obtained.
Procedure:
The steel beam made of RSJ is fitted with electrical strain gauges at the specified
loading to measure the strain readings.
The steel beam is placed over the supports of the Loading Frame.
The span length and other dimensions are measured. Two point loading is applied at
middle third points.
Dial gauges are fixed at the points under each load at the centre of the span.
The load is applied gradually and the deflection readings well taken at regular intervals
of loading.
The corresponding strain readings are also noted down.
Instrument Setup:

Fig.5. I Section with load condition

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Fig.6. Load pattern


Formula used:
23 3
Maximum Deflection () =
648
Where,
w - Load on specimen
l - Span
E - Youngs Modulus
I - Moment of Inertia
Observation:
Area of the section =
Moment of Inertia =
Section modulus =
Span length =
Tabulation:
Sl.no Load in kN Load in N Deflection in mm Remarks

Graph:
Draw the graph between load and deflection.

Result:
Maximum Deflection (Theoritical) =
Maximum Deflection (Experimental) =
Viva voce:
1. Difference between flexural and split tensile strength.
2. How do you understand the vertical and horizontal deflection?
3. How to choose an a effective Steel sections?
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FABRICATION, CASTING AND TESTING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN
SUBJECTED TO CONCENTRIC AND ECCENTRIC LOADING
Ex.No.: Date:

Aim:
To determine the behavior of RC column under axial and eccentric loading conditions.
Apparatus Required:
RC Columns
Loading Frame
Dial gauges
Strain gauges.
Theory:
In general the strain of the cross section, increase with age, on account of creep and
shrinkage due to stress. Unlike service load conditions, the behavior of the axially compressed
short column is fully predictable under ultimate load conditions. As axial loading is increased,
axial shortening of the column increases linearly up to about 80% of the ultimate load. This
behavior is found to be independent of the type of transverse reinforcement. However beyond the
ultimate load the behavior depends on the type and amount of transverse reinforcement.
Procedure:
The size of the column is 100mm x 100mm and of length 1000mm. The reinforcement
consists of 4 numbers of 10mm diameter bars and tied with 6mm diameter bar spaced
at 100mm c/c.
M20 concrete is used for casting the column.
The column specimens were cast and immersed in water after 24 hours for 28 days
curing.
The axial/eccentric load is applied gradually and the strain readings were taken at
regular intervals of loading.
The loading is continued up to the ultimate load level and the failure pattern has been
studied.
Instrument Setup:

Fig.7. Column subjected to Load

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Fig.8. (a). Specimen test (b). Load Vs Deflection


Formula used:
P = cc Ac + sc Asc
Where,
cc - Permissible stress in concrete in direct compression
Ac - C/S area of concrete
sc - Permissible compressive stress for column bars
Asc - C/S area of the longitudinal steel

Observation:
Cross section Of the specimen =
Least Count Of Dial gauge =
Area of steel =

Tabulation:
Sl.no Load in Kn Load in N Lateral deflection in mm Remarks

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Calculation:
Permissible Stress in Specimen (cc) =

Graph:
The axial load deformation behavior and Axial Stress Vs Strain behavior of the column.

Result:
First crack load (P) =
Ultimate load carrying capacity of the column (Pu) =

Viva voce:
1. What is minimum number of reinforcement are provide in circular column?
2. What are the minimum percentage of steel?
3. What is meant by crippling load?
4. What are the purpose of reinforcement providing in compression members?
5. What is meant by critical zone in column?

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DETERMINATION OF IN-SITU CONCRETE STRENGTH USING REBOUND
HAMMER
Ex.No.: Date:

Aim:
To determine the insitu concrete strength by Non-Destructive testing using Rebound
Hammer.
Apparatus Required:
Cube specimen
Rebound hammer or Schmidts hammer
Compression testing machine
Measuring scale
Theory:
General correlation between compressive strength of concrete and rebound number,
however there is a wide degree of disagreement among various research workers regarding the
accuracy of estimation of strength from rebound readings. The variation of strength of a properly
calibrated hammer may lie between 15 % - 20 % .
Procedure:
Check the rebound hammer against the testing anvil, and confirm the reliability of
result.
Remove wetness of cured specimen and kept in the laboratory atmosphere for
about 2 hours before testing.
Measure the dimensions of the specimen and mark 33 grid lines on the smooth
faces of the cube specimen. Before marking the grid remove all loose adhered
scales by using grinding wheel or stone. Rough surfaces resulting from incomplete
compaction, loss of grout, spalled or tooled surfaces do not give reliable results
and should be avoided.
Keep the cube specimen in a compression testing machine under a fixed load. The
amount of fixed load depends upon the amount of impact energy to be applied. For
example the fixed load of in the order of 7N/mm2 is applied when the impact
energy of the hammer is about 2.25 N-m for testing normal weight concrete. (IS
specifies different energy for different applications.)
While keeping the specimen in compression testing machine care shall be taken
that the testing faces shall be available and specimen is concentric to the line of
applied fixed load.
Hold the rebound hammer perpendicular to the concrete surface and depress the
hammer by applying a gradual increase in pressure until it impacts. Note down the
scale reading on the hammer.
While testing it can bear in the mind that, the point of impact should be at least
20mm away from any edge or shape discontinuity.

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Nine readings shall be taken on each faces of the cube and corresponding rebound
is recorded.
Find the average of the rebound index after deleting outliers as per IS 8900: 1978.
Interpreter the concrete strength using calibration chart.
Instrument Setup:

Fig. 4. Rebound Hammer with Parts

Fig.5. (a). Schematic C/S (b). Concrete Tester


Observation:
The size of the specimen =
The area of the specimen =
Tabulation:
Date of Date of Specimen Rebound Compressive
Sl.no
casting testing marking number (R) strength (N/mm2)

Average

Result:
The compressive strength of the given cube specimen = N/mm2
The Rebound Number (R) =

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DETERMINATION OF IN-SITU CONCRETE QUALITY USING ULTRA SONIC
PULSE VELOCITY
Ex.No.: Date:

Aim:
To determine the in situ concrete strength by Non-destructive testing using ultrasonic
pulse velocity tester.
Apparatus Required:
Cube specimen
USPV setup
Petroleum gel
Measuring scale
Theory:
The time travel of an ultrasonic pulse passing through the concrete to be tested. The pulse
generator circuit consist of electronic circuit. The pulse can be generated either hammer blows by
use of electroacoustic transducer. To determine the quality of concrete.
Procedure:
Remove the wet cured test specimen from wet storage and keep it in the laboratory
atmosphere for about 24 hours before testing. Since presence of moisture content of
concrete increases pulse velocity the specimen shall be tested under dry condition.
In order to ensure proper acoustical contact, the surface of the specimen shall be
smoothened by removing loose adhered scales and also use coupling medium such as
petroleum jelly, grease, liquid soap and kaolin glycerol paste on the surface of
specimen.
Switch on the testing instrument which contains electrical pulse generator, transducer,
amplifier and electronic timing device. Then set the mode and feed the measured path
length. Now the instrument is ready.
Place the transducer on one place of the cube and place the receiver on the other side
such that both transducer and receiver are in one line (i.e. exactly opposite). This is
called as cross probing or direct transmission.
Now press the start button in the instrument, after few seconds the velocity of the
pulse and time taken is displayed in the electronic display.
Repeat the procedure for three to more trial, to have reliable quality, at different place
of the concrete cube surface.
Now calculate pulse velocity v = L/T (T = s) and compare with velocity criterion for
concrete quality grading specified in Table 2 of IS 13311 (part 1): 1992 and grade the
concrete as excellent, good, medium, doubtful.
In case of doubtful quality it may be necessary to carry out further tests.

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Instrument Setup:

Fig.6. Ultra sonic pulse velocity

Fig.7.USPV Signal
Limitations:
Sl.no Pulse velocity (Km/s) Concrete quality
1. Above 4.5 Excellent
2. 3.5 to 4.5 Good
3. 3.0 to 3.5 Medium
4. Below 3.5 Doubtful

Observation:
Size of the specimen =
The length of the specimen (L) =
Actual transit time (T) = = Sec.

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Tabulation:
Length of Pulse velocity
Date of Date of Actual transit
Sl.no specimen
casting testing (T = ) Sec ( = ) mm/sec
(L)

Average

Calculation:

Pulse velocity () = = mm/sec

Result:
The Quality of given in-situ concrete cube is

Viva voce:

1. What are the reason of surface crack?


2. Difference between destructive and non-destructive methods.
3. Difference between strength and quality.
4. What are the uses of rebound and USPV methods.
5. Define: Rebound Number.
6. How to protect the surface crack?
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STRESS AND STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE
Ex.No.: Date:

Aim:
To determine the stress strain behavior of the concrete.
Apparatus Required:
RC cylinder
Loading frame
Dial gauges
Strain gauges
Strain Indicator
Procedure:
The size of the column is 150mm diameter and 300mm height. M25 concrete is used
for casting the column.
The cylinder is cast and immersed in water after 24 hours for 28 days curing. After
curing, the specimen is taken out.
The axial/eccentric load is applied gradually and the strain readings were taken at
regular intervals of loading.
The loading is continued up to the ultimate load level and the failure pattern
has been studied.
Instrument Setup:

Fig.8. (a). Cylinder Mould (b).Stress Vs Strain Behaviour


Observation:
Size of the column =
Area of the column =
Grade of concrete =
Least count of dial gauge =

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Tabulation:
Strain (e)
Sl.no Load (Kn) Load (N) Stress (N/mm2) Remarks
x10-3

Graph:
Draw the stress and strain diagram.

Result:
Initial tangential modulus = N/mm2
Secant modulus = N/mm2
Tangent modulus = N/mm2

Viva voce:
1. What is meant by Hookes law?
2. Enlist the various test to conducted on stress Vs strain.
3. What do you understand in stress Vs strain diagram?
4. Difference between plastic and elastic limit.
5. Difference between tangent and secant modulus.

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PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITH AND WITHOUT ADMIXTURES
Ex.No.: Date:

Aim:
To determine the strength and the durability properties of concrete.
To study the effect of admixtures on properties of concrete.
Apparatus Required:
Compression Testing Machine / Universal Testing Machine
Cube / Cylinder moulds
Weighing balance
Procedure:
To do the mix design of concrete and cast the comparison specimens like cubes,
cylinders, prisms.
The specimens are cured in water for 28 days.
The test specimens were taken out from the curing tank and wipe off the surface water.
The specimen are weighed and then placed on the testing machines.
The cube specimens are placed on the loading platform of compression testing
machine.
The load is applied till the failure of specimens takes place. The cylindrical specimens
are tested for its split tensile strength determination by placing them in horizontal
position on the platform of CTM. The load is applied till the failure of the specimen
(vertical splitting) take place.
The prism specimens are placed on the UTM such that the effective length is 400mm.
Two point loading is applied gradually and the failure load is noted. The position of
crack is also noted down.
For determining the stress strain behavior of concrete, the cylindrical specimens are
fitted with compressometer. The assembly is placed in UTM and the load is applied
gradually. The strain readings were taken at specified load intervals say 0, 25, 50,
75.upto 200 or 300KN.
Instrument setup:
Formula Used:
The strength calculations are made as follows.
a) Compressive strength (c) = (load/area) = (P/A)
Where,
P = failure load
A = Cross sectional area
b) Split tensile strength (t) = (2P/dl)
Where,
P = Load corresponding to failure.
d = Dia of cylinder
l = Length of cylinder
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c) Flexural strength= (M/Z) = (Pl/bd2)


Where,
P = Failure load
l = C/S span length of beam
d = Dimension of the same beams.
Observation:
Grade of concrete =
Weight of cement =
Weight of sand =
Weight of aggregate =
Weight of water =
W/C Ratio =
Tabulation:
Sl.no Workability Slump test Compaction test Flow table test Vee Bee test

1. Conventional

2. Admixture

1. Compression Test:
Type of Compression
Sl.no Loaded area Failure load in kN
specimen strength (N/mm2)
1. Conventional
2. Admixtures

2. Split Tensile Strength Test:


Type of Split tensile
Sl.no Loaded area Failure load in kN
specimen strength (N/mm2)
1. Conventional
2. Admixtures

3. Flexural Strength Test:


Type of Flexural strength
Sl.no Loaded area Failure load in kN
specimen (N/mm2)
1. Conventional
2. Admixtures

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4. Durability Test for Chemical Attack (Mg So4):

Sl.no Initial weight Final weight Loss in weight % of loss in weight

5. Chemical Attack:

Sl.no Initial weight Final weight Loss in weight % of loss in weight

6. Acid Attack:
Sl.no Initial weight Final weight Loss in weight % of loss in weight

Graph:
The graph between conventional and admixture concrete strength.

Result:
For Conventional Concrete,
Compressive Strength = N/mm2
Split Tensile Strength = N/mm2
Flexural Strength = N/mm2
For Admixtures Concrete,
Compressive Strength = N/mm2
Split Tensile Strength = N/mm2
Flexural Strength = N/mm2

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TEST ON WORKABILITY OF FRESH CONCRETE BY SLUMP TEST
Ex.No.: Date:

Aim:
To determine the workability of fresh concrete by Slump test as per IS: 1199 1959.
Apparatus Required:
Slump cone
Tamping rod
Metallic sheet
Procedure:
The internal surface of the mould is thoroughly cleaned and freed from superfluous
moisture and adherence of any old set concrete before commencing the test.
The mould is placed on a smooth, horizontal rigid and non-absorbent surface.
1
The mould is then filled in four layers each approximately 4 of the height of the mould.
Each layer is tamped 25times rod taking care to distribute the strokes evenly over the
cross section. After the top layer has been rodded, the concrete is struck off level with
a trowel and tamping rod.
The mould is removed from the concrete immediately by raising it slowly and
carefully in a vertical direction.
This allows the concrete to subside. This subside is referred as slump of concrete.
The difference in level between the height of the mould and that of the highest point of
the subsided concrete is measured. This difference in height in mm is taken as slump
of concrete.
The pattern of slump indicates the characteristics of concrete in addition to the slump
value. If the concrete slumps evenly it is called true slump.
If one half of the cone slides down, it is called shear slump. In case of a shear slump,
the slump value is measured as the difference in height between the height of the
mould and the average value of the subsidence.
Shear slump also indicates that the concrete is non-cohesive and shows the
characteristic of segregation.
Instrument setup:

Fig.9. Slump Cone

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Fig.10.Slump pattern
Observation:
Grade of concrete =
Weight of cement =
Weight of sand =
Weight of aggregate =
Weight of water =
W/C ratio =
Tabulation:
Water Content in Slump Value in Nature of
Sl.no W/C Ratio
ml mm collapse

Average

Result:
The slump value for given sample with admixture = mm.
The slump value for given sample without admixture = mm.

Viva Voce:
1. What is meaning of Consistency in concrete?
2. What is slump of concrete?
3. What is the significance of shear slump?
4. What is segregation?
5. What is bleeding?
6. What is admixture? And Their types? And Their uses?
7. What is Workability? And Low workability?
8. What are the limitation of slump?

ST 7211 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 23


KESAVAN.K/ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/CIVIL www.vidyarthiplus.com
SRV ENGINEERING COLLEGE www.vidyarthiplus.com M.E.STRUCTURAL ENGG.
DETERMINATION OF WORKABILITY OF FRESH CONCRETE BY COMPACTION
FACTOR TEST
Ex.No.: Date:

Aim:
To determine the workability of fresh concrete by Compaction Factor test as per
IS:1199-1959
Apparatus Required:
Compaction factor test setup
Trowel And Planner
Procedure:
The sample of concrete to be tested is placed in the upper hopper up to the brim. The
trap-door is opened so that the concrete falls into the lower hopper.
Then the trap-door of the lower hopper is opened and the concrete is allowed to fall in
to the cylinder. In the case of a dry-mix, it is likely that the concrete may not fall on
opening the trap-door.
In such a case, a slight poking by a rod may be required to set the concrete in motion.
The excess concrete remaining above the top level of the cylinder is then cut off with
the help of plane blades.
The outside of the cylinder is wiped clean. The concrete is filled up exactly up to the
top level of the cylinder.
It is weighed to the nearest 10 grams. This weight is known as weight of partially
compacted concrete
The cylinder is emptied and then refilled with the concrete from the same sample in
layers approximately 5cm deep.
The layers are heavily rammed or preferably vibrated so as to obtain full compaction.
The top surface of the fully compacted concrete is then carefully struck off level with
the top of the cylinder and weighed to the nearest 10 gm. This weight is known as
weight of fully compacted concrete
Instrument setup:

Fig.11. Compaction Factor Apparatus


ST 7211 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 24
KESAVAN.K/ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/CIVIL www.vidyarthiplus.com
SRV ENGINEERING COLLEGE www.vidyarthiplus.com M.E.STRUCTURAL ENGG.
Formula used:
Weight of partially compacted concrete
The compaction factor = ---------------------------------------------------
Weight of fully compacted concrete
Observation:
Grade of concrete =
Weight of cement =
Weight of sand =
Weight of aggregate =
Weight of water =
W/C ratio =
Weight of Cylinder (W1) =
Tabulation:

Water Mass with Mass with Mass with Mass with


Sl. cement partially fully partially fully (W2 -W1 )
no ratio compacted compacted compacted compacted CP=
(W3 -w1 )
concrete (W2) concrete concrete concrete
(W3) (W2-W1) (W3-W1)

1.

2.

3.

Result:
The Compaction factor value for given sample with admixture =
The Compaction factor value for given sample without admixture =

Viva Voce:
1. What is the difference between fully compacted and partially compacted concrete?
2. What is the significance of compacted concrete?
3. Define density of concrete & how it affects the strength of concrete?
4. What are the limitations of Compaction factor?
5. Difference between plastic & hardened concrete.

ST 7211 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 25


KESAVAN.K/ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/CIVIL www.vidyarthiplus.com
SRV ENGINEERING COLLEGE www.vidyarthiplus.com M.E.STRUCTURAL ENGG.
DETERMINATION OF WORKABILITY OF FRESH CONCRETE BY VEE-BEE
CONSISTOMETER
Ex.No.: Date:

Aim:
To determine the workability of fresh concrete by using Vee-Bee Consistometer as per IS:
1199 1959.
Apparatus Required:
Vee-Bee consistometer Setup
Stop Watch
Trowel And Planner
Procedure:
Placing the slump cone inside the sheet metal cylindrical pot of the consistometer.
The glass disc attached to the swivel arm is turned and placed on the top of the
concrete pot.
The electrical vibrator is switched on and simultaneously a stop watch is started.
The vibration is continued till such a time as the conical shape of the concrete
disappears and the concrete assumes cylindrical shape.
Immediately when the concrete fully assumes a cylindrical shape, the stop watch is
switched off.
The time required for the the shape of concrete to change from slump cone shape to
cylindrical shape in seconds is known as vee - bee degree.

Instrument setup:

Fig.9. Vee-Bee Consistometer


ST 7211 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 26
KESAVAN.K/ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/CIVIL www.vidyarthiplus.com
SRV ENGINEERING COLLEGE www.vidyarthiplus.com M.E.STRUCTURAL ENGG.

Observation:
Grade of concrete =
Weight of cement =
Weight of sand =
Weight of aggregate =
Weight of water =
W/C ratio =

Tabulation:
Sl.no Description Trial - I Trial - II
1. Initial reading on the graduated rod, (a),cm
2. Final reading on the graduated rod, (b), cm
3. Slump (b) (a), mm
4. Time for complete remoulding, Sec.

Result:
The consistency of the concrete (without admixture) is Sec.
The consistency of the concrete (with admixture) is Sec.

Viva Voce:

1. Describe the factors affecting the choice of the method of test.


2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Vee-Bee method of test over the other
Methods?
3. What are the principle of Vee-Bee method?
4. Compare the Low and high workability of concrete.
5. Enlist the tests of low workability of concrete .

ST 7211 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 27


KESAVAN.K/ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/CIVIL www.vidyarthiplus.com
SRV ENGINEERING COLLEGE www.vidyarthiplus.com M.E.STRUCTURAL ENGG.
DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
Ex.No.: Date:

Aim:
To determine the compressive strength of concrete as per IS: 516 1959.
Apparatus Required:
Cube moulds of size 150 x 150 x 150 mm
Tamping rod of 16 mm diameter and 600 mm long with rounded end
Trowel And Planner
Compression Testing Machine
Procedure:
1. Proportioning and Mixing:
The quantities of cement, aggregate and water are determined by weight.
The ingredients are mixed by hand or preferably in the laboratory batch mixer, in such
a manner as to avoid loss of water or other materials.
In assembling the mould for use, the joints between the sections of mould are thinly
coated with mould oil and a similar coating of mould oil is applied between the contact
surfaces of the bottom of the mould and the base plate in order to ensure that no water
escapes during the filling.
The interior surfaces of the assembled mould are thinly coated with mould oil to
prevent adhesion of the concrete.
2. Compacting:
The concrete is filled into the mould in layers approximately 5 cm deep and each layer
is subjected to 35 strokes with tamping rod, distributed uniformly over the cross-
section of the mould.
The strokes shall penetrate into the underlying layer and the bottom layer is rodded
throughout its depth.
Where voids are left by the tamping bar, the sides of the mould are tapped to close the
voids.
After the top layer has been compacted, the surface of the concrete is finished level
with the top of the mould, using a trowel and covered with a glass or metal plate to
prevent evaporation.
The test specimens are stored in a place, free from vibration, in moist air of at least 90
percent relative humidity and at a temperature of 27 2C for 24 hours hour
from the time of addition of water to the dry ingredients.
3. Curing:
After this period, the specimens are marked and removed from the moulds and are
immediately submerged in clean, fresh water.
The water in which the specimens are submerged is renewed every seven days and is
maintained at a temperature of 27 2C.
The specimens are not allowed to become dry at any time until they have been tested.

ST 7211 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 28


KESAVAN.K/ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/CIVIL www.vidyarthiplus.com
SRV ENGINEERING COLLEGE www.vidyarthiplus.com M.E.STRUCTURAL ENGG.
4. Testing:
Compression tests of cube specimens are made as soon as practicable after removal
from curing pit. Test-specimens during the period of their removal from the curing pit
and till testing, they are kept moist by a wet blanket covered and tested in a moist
condition.
Tests are made at recognized ages of the test specimens, the most usual being 7 and 28
days.
5. Number of Specimens:
Three specimens are made for testing at each selected age.
Specimens stored in water are tested immediately on removal from the water and
while they are still in the wet condition. Surface water and grit shall be wiped off the
specimens and any projecting fins removed.
6. Testing:
The bearing surfaces of the testing machine are wiped clean
The specimen is placed in the machine in such a manner that the load is applied to
opposite sides of the cubes as cast
No packing is used between the faces of the test specimen and the steel platen of the
testing machine
The load is applied without shock and increased continuously at a rate of
approximately 140 kg/sq cm/min until the resistance of the specimen to the increasing
load breaks down and no greater load can be sustained.
The maximum load applied to the specimen is recorded and the appearance of the
concrete and any unusual features in the type of failure are noted.
Instrument Setup:

Fig.10.Compression Testing Machine


Formula Used:
Compressive Strength = Load Applied / Area of the specimen
Observation:
Size of the specimen =
Area of the specimen =

ST 7211 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 29


KESAVAN.K/ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/CIVIL www.vidyarthiplus.com
SRV ENGINEERING COLLEGE www.vidyarthiplus.com M.E.STRUCTURAL ENGG.
Tabulation:
1. For Specimen without Admixture:

Date of Date of Load on cube Compressive


Cube No.
casting testing (kN) strength (N/mm2)

Average
2. For Specimen with Admixture:

Date of Date of Load on cube Compressive


Cube No.
casting testing (kN) strength (N/mm2)

Average

Result:
The compressive strength of concrete (without admixture) at 7 days = N/mm2
The compressive strength of concrete (without admixture) at 28 days = N/mm2
The compressive strength of concrete (with admixture) at 7 days = N/mm2
The compressive strength of concrete (with admixture) at 28 days = N/mm2

Viva Voce:

1. How does strength correlate with other properties of hardened concrete?


2. What are the requirements for curing the specimens?
3. What is the rate of loading in flexure test?

ST 7211 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 30


KESAVAN.K/ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/CIVIL www.vidyarthiplus.com
SRV ENGINEERING COLLEGE www.vidyarthiplus.com M.E.STRUCTURAL ENGG.
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
Ex.No.: Date:

Aim:
To determine the split tensile strength of moulded concrete cylinders as per IS 5816: 1999.
Apparatus Required:
Compression Testing Machine
Cylinder moulds of 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height
Weighing Machine
Trowel And Planner
Tamping Rod
Procedure:
1. Making and Curing of Specimens:
The procedure of making and curing tension test specimen in respect of sampling of
materials, preparation of materials, proportioning, weighing, mixing, moulding,
compacting and curing and finishing.
2. Testing:
Surface water and grit shall be wiped off the specimens and any projecting fins
removed from the surfaces which are to be in contact with the packing strips.
Central lines shall be drawn on the two opposite faces of the specimens
The mass and dimensions of the specimens shall be noted before testing.
The test specimen shall be placed in the centring jig with packing strip and/or loading
pieces carefully positioning along the top and bottom of the plane of loading of the
specimen.
The jig shall then be placed in the machine so that the specimen is located centrally.
In the case of cubic specimens, the load shall be applied on the mould faces in such a
way that the fracture plane will cross the trowelled surface.
For cylindrical specimens, it shall be ensured that the upper platen is parallel with the
lower platen.
The load shall be applied without shock and increased continuously at a nominal rate
within the range 1.2 N/mm2/min to 2.4 N/mm2/min.
The maximum load applied shall then be recorded.
Instrument Setup:

Fig.11. Split Tensile Test


ST 7211 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 31
KESAVAN.K/ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/CIVIL www.vidyarthiplus.com
SRV ENGINEERING COLLEGE www.vidyarthiplus.com M.E.STRUCTURAL ENGG.

Formula Used:
Split tensile strength (t) = (2P/dl)
Where,
P = Load corresponding to failure.
d = Dia of cylinder
l = Length of cylinder

Observation:
Size of the specimen =
Area of the specimen =
Tabulation:
1. For Specimen without Admixture:
Date of Date of Specimen Load on cube Split Tensile
casting testing No. (kN) strength (N/mm2)

Average
2. For Specimen with Admixture:
Date of Date of Specimen Load on cube Split Tensile
casting testing No. (kN) strength (N/mm2)

Average

Result:
The Split Tensile strength of concrete (without admixture) at 28 days = N/mm2
The Split Tensile strength of concrete (with admixture) at 28 days = N/mm2

Viva Voce:

1. What is the bending equation?


2. What is the bending stress for T section?
3. What is the significance of moment of inertia with respect to bending stress?
4. How does the centroid affects the bending stress for different shapes of beams?

ST 7211 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 32


KESAVAN.K/ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/CIVIL www.vidyarthiplus.com
SRV ENGINEERING COLLEGE www.vidyarthiplus.com M.E.STRUCTURAL ENGG.
DETERMINATION OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
Ex.No.: Date:

Aim:
To determine the flexural strength of concrete as per IS: 516 1959.
Apparatus Required:
Beam mould
Tamping Rod
Procedure:
Preparation of materials, proportions, weighing, mixing of concrete shall be done in
the same way as in the case of making compression test specimens in the laboratory.
Test specimens stored in water at a temperature of 24 to 30C for 48 hours before
testing shall be tested immediately on removal from the water whilst they are still in a
wet condition.
The dimensions of each specimen shall be noted before testing.
The bearing surfaces of the supporting and loading rollers shall be wiped clean, and
any loose sand or other material removed from the surfaces of the specimen where
they are to make contact with the rollers.
The specimen shall then be placed in the machine in such a manner that the load shall
be applied to the uppermost surface as cast in the mould, along two lines spaced 20.0
or 13.3 cm apart.
The axis of the specimen shall be carefully aligned with the axis of the loading device.
No packing shall be used between the bearing surfaces of the specimen and the rollers.
The load shall be applied without shock and increasing continuously at a rate such that
the extreme fiber stress increases at approximately 7 kg/sq.cm/min, that is, at a rate of
loading of 400 kg/min for the 15.0 cm specimens and at a rate of 180 kg/min for the
10.0 cm specimens.
The load shall be increased until the specimen fails, and the maximum load applied to
the specimen during the test shall be recorded.
The appearance of the fractured faces of concrete and any unusual features in the type
of failure shall be noted.
Instrument Setup:

Fig.12. Load Setup


ST 7211 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 33
KESAVAN.K/ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/CIVIL www.vidyarthiplus.com
SRV ENGINEERING COLLEGE www.vidyarthiplus.com M.E.STRUCTURAL ENGG.

Fig.13. Flexural Test

Formula Used:
Flexural strength = (M/Z) = (Pl/bd2)
Where,
P = Failure load
l = C/S span length of beam
d = Dimension of the same beams.
when a is greater than 20.0 cm for 15.0 cm specimen or greater than 13.3 cm for a 10.0
cm specimen (or)
Flexural strength = (3p x a)/(b x d2)
When a is less than 20.0 cm but greater than 17.0 cm for 15.0 cm specimen or less than
13.3 cm but greater than 11.0 cm for a 10.0 cm specimen

Observation:
Size of specimen =
Span length =

ST 7211 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 34


KESAVAN.K/ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/CIVIL www.vidyarthiplus.com
SRV ENGINEERING COLLEGE www.vidyarthiplus.com M.E.STRUCTURAL ENGG.

Tabulation:
1. For Specimen without Admixture:
Distance of
Load on Modulus of
Date of Date of Specimen fracture &
Specimen Rupture
casting testing No. support
(Kg) (kg/cm2)
(cm)

Average
2. For Specimen with Admixture:
Distance of
Load on Modulus of
Date of Date of Specimen fracture &
Specimen Rupture
casting testing No. support
(Kg) (kg/cm2)
(cm)

Average

Result:
The Flexural strength of concrete (without admixture) = N/mm2
The Flexural strength of concrete (with admixture) = N/mm2

Viva voce:

1. What is the principle of Compression test?


2. What is the principle of Flexural test?
3. What is the principle of Split tensile test?

ST 7211 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 35


KESAVAN.K/ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/CIVIL www.vidyarthiplus.com

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