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High Speed Railways does not have a clear cut definition.

Generally it is referred to as a type of rail that travels significantly
faster than traditional rail traffic. It uses an integrated system of
specialised rolling stock and dedicated tracks.

While there is no single standard that applies worldwide, new

lines in excess of 250 km/h and existing lines in excess of 200
km/h are widely considered to be high-speed, with some extending
the definition to include much lower speeds (e.g. 160 km/h) in
areas for which these speeds still represent significant
improvements.

The first such system began operations in Japan in 1964 and was
widely known as the bullet train. High speed rail programs have
been successful in Japan, China and several European countries
such as France, Germany and Spain.
1899 German Engineers sought a high speed train.

1964 Japan Capitalized on High Speed Train.

Shinkanse also known as bullet train
Went 210km/h and carried 100millian people in fist 3 years

1981 HSR revolution began in Europe starting with France

A diesel-powered railcar was modified with a gas-turbine,
and was called "TGV".
It reached 230 km/h
No level crossings (grade crossings)
Fenced off
Concrete foundations
Wide spacing between lines
Curves of radius less than 5 km are avoided and
are tilted
Through stations are constructed with 4 tracks
Tunnels avoided
 MAGLAV is the principle used in working of modern high speed train

MAGLAV-derived from MAGnet and LEVitation

Magnetic levitation transport is a form of transportation that

suspend guides and propels vehicles through the harnessing of
electromagnetic force
A maglev train floats about 10mm above the
guideway on a magnetic field.

It is propelled by the guide way itself rather than

an onboard engine by changing magnetic fields

Once the train is pulled into the next section the

magnetism switches so that the train is pulled on
again.

The Electro-magnets run the length of the guide

way.
There are two primary types of maglev technology:
1. Electromagnetic suspension (EMS)
2. Electrodynamic suspension (EDS)
 In current EMS systems, the train levitates above
a steel rail while electromagnets, attached to the
train, are oriented toward the rail from below.
The electromagnets use feedback control to
maintain a train at a constant distance from the
track.
In Electrodynamic suspension, both the rail and
the train exert a magnetic field, and the train is
levitated by the repulsive force between these
magnetic fields
The magnetic field in the train is produced by
either electromagnets or by an array of permanent
magnets.
The repulsive force in the track is created by an
induced magnetic field in wires or other conducting
strips in the track.
 Reduction of travel time of passengers
Fast accessibility to urban centres, lead to
economical and industrial growth
Cope up higher demand for passenger and
freight traffic
HSR route will help in commercial growth
Land required by the HSR is very less, reducing
environmental impact
It is Energy Efficient mode with compared to
other modes of transportation
 Huge Investment- Financial Viability is major Issue
Economical factors- Balance of income and out
goings
Technological factors like Technology for Tracks-
Trains, Technology for Operation & geometrical
changes required
High Running and maintenance costs
Safety consideration of Passengers as well as
Surroundings
High cost of journey will affect the affordability of
Common man
As part of Indias two pronged strategy there is a focus on
upgradation of existing railway system to semi high speed
links parallely with bullet trains.

Indian Railways aims to increase the speed of passenger

trains to 160200 km/h on dedicated conventional tracks.
They intend to improve their existing conventional lines to
handle speeds of up to 160 km/h, with a goal of speeds above
200 km/h on new tracks with improved technology.

In July 2014, a trial run of a semi-high speed train with 10

coaches and 2 generators reached a speed of 160 km/h
between New Delhi and Agra, but no date has been set for
commercial operations.
 Project of the Indian railways to establish high speed rail
network in India.

Connect the four metro cities:

Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.

Track Gauge :1676 mm

Speed :250-350 km/hr

Length : 6500-7000 km
According to Forbes India, the costs for
constructing such rail lines in India are
estimated to be Rs 70-100 crores perk.

Therefore the Mumbai-Ahmedabad route of

500km, will cost Rs 37,000 crores to build.

With the cost of land acquisition etc, the

price will go up to about Rs 60,000 crores.