Excel2010 PDF

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam
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Mc lc Excel 2010
I. Nhng im mi trong Microsoft Excel 2010 .................................................................................. 7
Thm tnh nng Sparkline ........................................................................................................................ 8
Tnh nng Slicers...................................................................................................................................... 9
nh dng d liu c iu kin .............................................................................................................. 10
PivotTables v PivotCharts..................................................................................................................... 11
Share Workbook.................................................................................................................................... 12
I. Ni dung chnh .............................................................................................................................. 12
Chng 1: Lm Quen Vi Microsoft Excel ...................................................................................... 12
1.1 Gii thiu Excel ...................................................................................................................... 12
Excel l g: .................................................................................................................................. 12
Ribbon l g? .............................................................................................................................. 16
S dng thc n ng cnh (shortcut menu) ............................................................................. 17
1.2. M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s .................................................................... 18
Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel .................................................................................................. 18
Thu nh ca s Excel ................................................................................................................. 19
Phng to ca s Excel ................................................................................................................ 19
Thot khi Excel ...................................................................................................................... 19
1.3. Thao tc vi v vng............................................................................................................. 19
Nhn dng v vng (cells, range) ......................................................................................... 19
Chn vng.................................................................................................................................. 20
Sao chp v di chuyn vng ....................................................................................................... 20
Dn c bit (Paste Special) ..................................................................................................... 21
t tn vng ............................................................................................................................ 23
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Thm ch thch cho ................................................................................................................. 23
Chn, xa , dng v ct........................................................................................................ 24
Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng ............................................................................... 26
Ni (Merge) v b ni cc (Split) .......................................................................................... 28
Chuyn mt ni v li nhiu ............................................................................................ 28
1.4. Di chuyn trong bng tnh v s dng phm tt ....................................................................... 28
Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang ...................................................................................... 28
Thanh Sheet tab ......................................................................................................................... 29
S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn ............................................................................ 29
1.5 Thao tc vi workbook ............................................................................................................. 31
To mi workbook .................................................................................................................... 31
Lu workbook............................................................................................................................ 32
ng workbook ......................................................................................................................... 34
Sp xp workbook...................................................................................................................... 34
1.6. Thao tc vi worksheet ........................................................................................................... 35
Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook ............................................................................. 35
i tn worksheet ................................................................................................................... 36
Xa worksheet ........................................................................................................................... 36
Sp xp th t cc worksheet ............................................................................................... 36
Sao chp worksheet ................................................................................................................... 37
Chn mu cho sheet tab ............................................................................................................ 37
n/ Hin worksheet .................................................................................................................. 38
1.7 S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc .................................................... 38
S dng thanh Zoom .................................................................................................................. 39

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Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s ........................................................................... 39
Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu ................................................... 39
S dng Watch Window ............................................................................................................ 41
Chng 2: Lm vic vi d liu trong Excel ............................................................................................ 41
2.1. Nhp liu, hiu chnh .............................................................................................................. 41
Nhp liu .................................................................................................................................. 41
Nhp cc k t c bit .............................................................................................................. 42
Hiu chnh ni dung ................................................................................................................ 43
Nhp ln c sn ni dung ................................................................................................... 44
S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu ............................................................................................. 44
2.2. nh dng ............................................................................................................................... 48
nh dng chung ....................................................................................................................... 48
T ng nh dng c iu kin ................................................................................................. 56
Bng v nh dng bng (table) .................................................................................................. 57
S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes) ................................................................. 59
2.3 Tm v thay th d liu............................................................................................................. 60
2.4 Sp xp v lc d liu ............................................................................................................... 61
Chng 3: Gii Thiu V S Dng Cc Hm ........................................................................................... 65
3.1 Gii thiu cng thc v hm: ................................................................................................... 65
Gii thiu cng thc (Formula) .................................................................................................. 65
Gii thiu hm (Function) .......................................................................................................... 67
Nhp cng thc v hm ............................................................................................................. 68
Tham chiu trong cng thc ...................................................................................................... 70
Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors) ......................................................................................... 72
3.2 Cc hm trong excel ................................................................................................................. 73
a. Nhm hm v thng k .......................................................................................................... 73
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b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut........................................................................................... 75
c. Nhm hm v tng quan v hi quy tuyn tnh .................................................................... 77
d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions .................................................................................. 78
e. Danh mc cc Cc Hm Qun l{ C s d liu v Danh sch ................................................... 82
f. HM TON HC V LNG GIC ........................................................................................... 99
g. HM X L VN BN V D LIU ........................................................................................ 113
Chng 4: Khai Thc C S D Liu ..................................................................................................... 130
4.1. Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) ................................................................................................... 130
Sp xp .................................................................................................................................... 130
Lc d liu ............................................................................................................................... 131
4.2 PivotTable v PivotChart ........................................................................................................ 132
4.2.1 Gii thiu PivotTable v PivotChart ..................................................................................... 133
To mt bo co PivotTable n gin ...................................................................................... 133
4.2.2 Tm hiu d liu ngun ca PivotTable ................................................................................ 147
4.2.3 S dng cc cng c ca PivotTable v nh dng PivotTable .............................................. 160
Chng 5: Th Trong Excel .............................................................................................................. 172
5.1 Gii thiu th ..................................................................................................................... 172
5.2. V th ............................................................................................................................... 173
5.3. Cc thao tc trn th ......................................................................................................... 178
a. Nhn bit cc thnh phn trn th ................................................................................... 178
Cc thnh phn thng ng ..................................................................................................... 178
t s thnh phn ch c trong th 3-D ............................................................................... 178
b. Cc thao tc vi th ......................................................................................................... 179
Chn thnh phn trn th .................................................................................................... 179
Di chuyn th ....................................................................................................................... 179
Sao ch p th ........................................................................................................................ 180
a th ................................................................................................................................ 180
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Thm cc thnh phn ca th .............................................................................................. 180
Sp xp v xa cc thnh phn ca th ................................................................................ 180
n th ................................................................................................................................... 180
c. Hiu chnh v nh dng th ............................................................................................. 181
Hiu chnh Chart Area .............................................................................................................. 181
Hiu chnh Flot Area................................................................................................................. 182
Hiu chnh tiu th, ch thch, tiu trc honh v trc tung, .................................... 182
Hiu chnh ng li ngang v c ........................................................................................ 184
d. Cc thao tc vi chui s liu trong th ............................................................................ 188
a bt mt chui s liu khi th ....................................................................................... 188
Thm chui mi vo th ...................................................................................................... 188
Thay i chui s liu .............................................................................................................. 189
Thm ng xu hng vo th ............................................................................................ 191
Chng 6: nh Dng Trang V In Bng Tnh ........................................................................................ 192
6.1. Cc ch hin th trang trong Excel..................................................................................... 192
6.2. Thit lp thng s cho trang in .............................................................................................. 193
6.3. Thit lp thng s hp thoi Print ......................................................................................... 198
6.4. Cc lu { khc ....................................................................................................................... 200
Chng 7: Lm Vic Vi Macro, Templates.......................................................................................... 200
7.1 Macro .................................................................................................................................... 200
Ghi mt Macro ......................................................................................................................... 200
Thc thi Macro ........................................................................................................................ 202
Chng 8: Phm Tt V Th Thut ....................................................................................................... 203
8.1 Phm Tt ................................................................................................................................ 203
a. Truy cp Ribbon bng bn phm .......................................................................................... 203
b. Phm tt ................................................................................................................................... 203
8.2 Th thut ............................................................................................................................... 206

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1. Dch s tin v ch (Chuyn s thnh ch) .......................................................................... 206
2. Giu bng tnh Excel chuyn nghip ..................................................................................... 212
3. Kha v bo v nhng c cha cng thc ......................................................................... 212
4. S dng Data-Validation khi danh sch ngun nm trong mt Sheet khc ........................... 219
5. iu khin Conditional Formating bng checkbox. ............................................................... 221
6. nh u nhng cha cng thc bng Conditional Formatting ......................................... 228
7. S dng chc nng thay th (Replace) g b cc k t khng mong mun. ..................... 229
8. Chuyn i con s dng vn bn sang s thc ..................................................................... 230
9. Tng thm s ln Undo cho Excel ......................................................................................... 232
10. Tch h v tn trong cng mt ct trn bng tnh Excel ....................................................... 236
11. To mc lc trong Excel ....................................................................................................... 237
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I. Nhng im mi trong Microsoft Excel 2010
1. Chc nng Backstage View
Giao din ribbon ca Office 2010 c a vo tt c cc ng dng trong gi Office 2010.
Cng c Backstage View c truy cp qua phm Office (gc trn bn tri), h tr s dng
cc tc v nh lu ti liu hoc in n.
Thanh nh hng bn tri ca Backstage View cha nhiu lnh, nh cho php ai sa ti liu,
kch c file...
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Thm tnh nng Sparkline
Excel lun c d liu th v biu rt phong ph m t d liu v xu hng. Vi

Excel 2010, Microsoft b sung thm mt tnh nng mi - Sparklines. Tnh nng ny cho
php ngi dng t mt th c nh (mini) hay mt dng nhn nh khuynh hng trong
mt (cell). Sparklines l cch nhanh nht v n gin nht thm thnh phn th hin
th vo mt cell.
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Sparkline l cch hu ch thm mt y u t tr c quan nhanh v g n.
Tnh nng Slicers
Slicers l mt trong nhng tnh nng trong Excel 2010 c th gip bn gii thch d liu ca
bn d dng hn. Mt cch nhanh chng, bn c ci nhnh trc quan su thng qua s
lng ln d liu.
V d, bn c th s dng Slicers lc thng qua cc d liu ca bn v c th nhanh

chng tm thy nhng thng tin c lin quan
Khi d liu trong bng tr (Pivot Table) thay i, Slicer s t ng c cp nht.
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nh dng d liu c iu kin
Chc nng conditional format mi bao gm nhi kiu nh dng v icons v kh nng t sng
ch nhng mc c ch nh nh gi tr ln nht, nh nht .. vi ch 1 c click chut
y l chc nng rt hay trong Excel 2010. N u bn c mt bng vi nhiu s liu khc
nhau, thng thng nh gi d liu, chng ta thng dng cc hm rt trch v l c d
liu. Tuy nhin, vi chc nng ny, bn khng cn dng hm, cng khng cn ly d liu ra
khi bng m vn c th nh gi chnh xc d liu qua cch lm ni bt cc theo mt iu
kin nh sn. Th c hin nh sau: qut ch n mt ct hoc dng d liu cn nh gi, sau
bm nt Conditional Formatting, mt menu hin ra vi cc ty ch n:
Kiu nh gi sng lc:
Kiu nh gi ny s sng l c d liu ca bn ngay ti trong bng ch khng phi trch ring
ra ngoi nh cc phin bn Excel trc y. Chng trnh th c hin sng l c ti ch bng
cch lm ni bt ln nhng ng vi iu kin hoc quy lut do bn quy nh. Sau y l
hai nhm quy lut chnh:
Highlight Cells Rules: lm ni bt cc theo mt trong cc iu kin: Greater Than... (ln

hn), Less Than... (nh hn), Equal To (bng) mt gi tr so snh no , Between (gia 2 gi
tr), Text that Contains ( ch c cha chui k t quy nh), A Date Occurring (theo qung
thi gian), Duplicate Values ( d liu trng nhau).
Khi bn ch n xong mt iu kin lm ni bt, s xut hin mt hp thoi yu cu bn nhp

gi tr cn so snh v mu t ni bt cho ph hp vi iu kin so snh . Xong, bn bm
OK chng trnh th c thi trong bng tnh.
- Top/Bottom Rules: quy lut ny gm cc iu kin: Top 10 Items (nh du 10 c gi tr

ln nht), Top 10% (nh du 10% s c gi tr ln nht), tng t vi Bottom 10 Items v
Bottom 10%, Above Average ( c gi tr ln hn gi tr trung bnh ca ct/hng), Below
Average ( c gi tr nh hn gi tr trung bnh ca ct/hng). Khi bn ch n nh gi theo d
liu hng Top hoc Bottom, mt hp thoi yu cu bn nhp s cn lm ni, chng hn nh
Top 10 hay 20, Top 10% hay 20%... l ty bn tinh chnh, sau bm OK hon tt.
Kiu nh gi hin th mc :
- Data Bars: bn bm ch n kiu nh gi ny, ch n mt mu ng trong menu hin ra. Khi

, trong vng d liu ca bn s xut hin ct mu nh gi mc d liu gip bn d
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dng so snh cng nh nhn ra s tng gim ca s liu nhp vo. Ct mu cng di th s
liu ca bn cng c gi tr cao, ngc li l nhng gi tr thp.
- Color Scales: kiu nh gi ny s t mu cho cc d liu theo 3 mu khc nhau, ng vi

mi mu l mc thp, trung bnh v mc cao. Khi ch n nhm Color Scales, bn hy
ch n mt nhm mu bn thch trong menu hin ra v s thy chng trnh p dng ln vng
ch n ca bn. Bn cng c th to quy lut mu theo mnh bng cch ch n Color Scales >
More Rules.
- Icon Sets: bm ch n Icon Sets, ch n mt nhm biu tng mong mu n, chng trnh s t
ng t cc biu tng trc d liu ca bn, gip bn c ci nhn tr c quan v bng tnh.
V d du biu th s liu mc cao nht, du biu th s liu mc trung bnh, v du

biu th s liu thp di c mc trung bnh, ng bo ng. Mi biu tng ng vi mt
mc , chng trnh s t ng tnh ton gi tr trung bnh ca ton ct hoc dng ang so
snh v ti n hnh t biu tng thch hp vo tng theo gi tr phn trm m t c
so vi mc chung ca c ct hoc dng.
Bn c th nh li quy lut nh gi ny bng cch ch n More Rules trong nhm Icon Sets.
Ngoi nhng kiu nh dng c iu kin trn, bn c th to ring cho mnh nhng quy lut
nh gi khc bng cch bm nt Conditional Formatting > New Rule, tuy nhin vic ny rt
mt thi gian. T t nht bn nn s dng nhng quy lut c sn m Excel cung cp rt y
cho bn. Khi bn khng va vi cc nh dng ch n, xa chng m khng mt d
liu, bn bm Conditional Formatting > Clear Rules, ch n mt trong cc kiu xa nh Clear
Rules from: Selected Cells (ch xa trong ct ch n), Entire Sheet (xa trong c sheet), This
Table (ch xa trong bng ang x l).
C th ni nhm cng c nh dng ny ca Excel 2010 rt th v, n cho php chng ta to

ra nhng bng tnh c trnh by rt khoa h c v bt mt. c bit nht l tnh t ng cao,
giao din bng tnh p v kh nng nh gi, sng l c d liu chun xc v c o. Chc
chn khi s dng chc nng ny, bn s thy hng th hn rt nhiu khi x l d liu v tnh
ton trong Excel.
PivotTables v PivotCharts
Gi ng nh PivotTables, PivotCharts cng c th c hin mt cch d dng trong giao din

mi ny. Tt c nhng ci thin mi v vic l c c cung cp cho PivotCharts. Khi bn to
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mt PivotChart, cc cng c PivotChart c bit v cc menu ni dung c cung cp bn

c th phn tch d liu trong biu . Bn cng c th thay i layout, style v nh dng
ca biu hoc cc thnh phn khc ca n theo cng mt cch m bn c th th c hin cho
cc biu thng thng. Trong Office Excel 2010, vic nh dng biu m bn p dng
c duy tr khi thay i sang PivotChart, iu ny l mt b sung nng cp theo cch m
n lm vic trong cc phin bn Excel trc y.
Share Workbook
Microsoft Excel 2010 c th tch hp vi SharePoint cung cp cc cng c qun l ni

dung d hiu, thun tin cho vic chia s kinh nghim, tri thc, nng cao nng sut lm vic
nhm.
I. Ni dung chnh
Chng 1: Lm Quen Vi Microsoft Excel
1.1 Gii thiu Excel
Excel l g:
Microsoft Excel l mt phn mm hay l mt chng trnh ng dng, m khi chyr chng
trnh ng dng ny s to ra mt bng tnh v bng tnh ny gip ta d dng hn trong vic
th c hin:
Tnh ton i s , phn tch d liu
Lp bng biu bo co, t chc danh sch
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Truy cp cc ngun d liu khc nhau
V th v cc s
T ng ha cc cng vic bng cc macro
V nhiu ng dng khc gip chng ta c th phn tch nhiu loi hnh bi ton khc
nhau.
Workbook: Trong Excel, mt workbook l mt tp tin m trn bn lm vic (tnh ton,

v th, ) v lu tr d liu. V mi workbook c th cha nhiu sheet (bng tnh), do
vy bn c th t chc, lu tr nhiu loi thng tin c lin quan vi nhau ch trong mt tp tin
(file). Mt workbook cha rt nhiu worksheet hay chart sheet ty thuc vo b nh my tnh
ca bn.
Worksheet: Cn g i tt l sheet, l ni lu tr v lm vic vi d liu, n cn c g i l

bng tnh. Mt worksheet cha nhiu (cell), cc c t chc thnh cc ct v cc dng.
Worksheet c cha trong workbook. Mt Worksheet cha c 16,384 ct v 1,048,576
dng (phin bn c ch cha c 256 ct v 65,536 dng).
Chart sheet: Cng l mt sheet trong workbook, nhng n ch cha mt th. Mt chart
sheet rt hu ch khi bn mu n xem ring l tng th.
Sheet tabs: Tn ca cc sheet s th hin trn cc tab t ti gc tri di ca ca s

workbook. di chuyn t sheet ny sang sheet khc ta ch vic nhp chut vo tn sheet cn
n trong thanh sheet tab.
Cc thnh phn ca Workbook

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Excel 2010 dng nh dng tp tin mc nh l .XLSX (d a trn chun XML gip vic trao
i d liu gia cc ng dng c d dng hn) thay cho nh dng chun trc y l
.XLS.
Giao din Excel
Nt lnh Office cha cc lnh rt thng hay s dng nh to tp tin mi, m tp tin, lu
tp tin, v danh mc cc tp tin m trc . Nt lnh Office gi ng nh th c n File
ca cc phin bn trc.
Chng ta c th ch bi n thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh cha cc lnh m ta hay s dng
nht. Nhn vo m danh mc cc lnh v vo cc lnh cn cho hin ln thanh lnh
truy cp nhanh. N u cc nt lnh y cn qu t bn c th nhn ch n More Commands
m ca s iu ch thanh lnh truy cp nhanh.
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Cc lnh trong th c n Office
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Bng l a ch n lnh truy cp nhanh
Hp thoi ch bi n thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh
Ribbon l g?
Ribbon: Excel 2010 thay i giao din ngi dng t vic s dng cc thanh th c n truyn
th ng thnh cc cm lnh d dng truy cp c trnh by ngay trn mn hnh g i l Ribbon.
C cc nhm Ribbon chnh: Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Reviews, View,
Developer, Add-Ins.
Thanh cng c Ribbon
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Home: L ni cha cc nt lnh c s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh lm vic nh:
ct, dn, sao chp, nh dng ti liu, cc kiu mu c sn, chn hay xa dng hoc ct, sp
x p, tm ki m, l c d liu,
Insert: Chn cc loi i tng vo bng tnh nh: bng biu, v s , th, k hiu,
Page Layout: Cha cc nt lnh v vic hin th bng tnh v thi t lp in n.
Formulas: Chn cng thc, t tn vng (range),
cng c kim tra theo di cng thc, iu khin vic tnh ton ca Excel.
Data: Cc nt lnh thao i vi d liu trong v ngoi Excel, cc danh sch, phn tch d
liu,
Review: Cc nt lnh kim li chnh t, h tr dch t, thm ch thch vo cc , cc thi t

lp bo v bng tnh.
View: Thi t lp cc ch hin th ca bng tnh nh: phng to, thu nh, chia mn hnh,
Developer: Tab ny mc nh c n v n ch hu dng cho cc lp trnh vin, nhng

ngi c hiu bi t v VBA. m nhm ny nhn vo nt Office Excel Options
Popular Chn Show Developer tab in the Ribbon.
Add-Ins: Tab ny ch xut hin khi Excel m mt tp tin c s dng cc tin ch b sung,
cc hm b sung,
S dng thc n ng cnh (shortcut menu)
Khi mu n th c hin mt thao tc no trn i tng (, vng, bng biu, th, hnh
v) trong bng tnh, bn hy nhp phi chut ln i tng . Lp tc mt thanh th c n
hin ra cha cc lnh thng dng c th hiu chnh hay p dng cho i tng m bn ch n.
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Th c n ng cnh
1.2. M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s
1.2.1. M Excel
Thao tc:
B1. T mn hnh (ca s) chnh ca Windows nhp chut nt Start gc di bn tri
B2. Di chuyn chut ln trn n ch All Programs, ri di chuyn chut sang phi ch n
Microsoft Office, sau di chuyn chut n ch Microsoft Office Excel 2010 th dng li.
B3. Nhp chut vo biu tng khi ng Excel.
Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel
Cc nt iu khin ca s Excel
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Thu nh ca s Excel
Thao tc ny ch th c hin c khi ca s ang m to Nhp chut chut vo nt gc

trn cng bn phi. Khi ca s Excel s c thu g n li thnh mt biu tng trn thanh
Taskbar ca Windows bn cnh nt Start.
Phng to ca s Excel
Thao tc:
Thao tc ny ch th c hin c khi ca s ang b thu nh
Nhp chut vo biu tng thu g n ca Excel trn thanh Taskbar bn

pha di mn hnh
Thot khi Excel
Thao tc:
Nhp chut vo nt gc trn cng bn phi thot khi Excel. Hoc cng c th thot
Excel bng cch nhn nt Office chn Exit Excel.
1.3. Thao tc vi v vng
Nhn dng v vng (cells, range)
a ch mt trong Excel c xc nh bi tiu ct v s th t ca dng. Mt vng

trong bng tnh c xc nh bng a ch ca gc trn bn tri ca vng v a ch gc
di bn phi ca vng (c du : phn cch). c bit, a ch ca c mt ct hoc dng c
xc nh l <tn ct>:<tn ct> (v d ct A th c xc nh ngn g n l A:A) v <s
dng>:<s dng> (v d a ch ca c mt dng 4 l 4:4).
V d: Hnh bn di hin hnh c a ch l B11 v n c tiu ct l B v s dng l 11,
vng c bao bi nt chm t c a ch l H2:H12 v u tin ca vng c a ch l H2

v cu i ca vng l H12.
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a ch v vng
Chn vng
N u dng chut, trc tin bn dng chut di chuyn hin hnh n gc trn bn tri ca
vng cn ch n, sau gi tri chut ko xu ng di qua phi n v tr cu i cng ca vng
v th chut. N u dng phm th sau khi ch n u tin bn gi phm Shift trong khi nhn
phm v n cu i ca vng v th cc phm. (Bn cng c th lm ngc li l
ch n cu i ca vng trc v ko ch n n u tin).
Khi mu n ch n c sheet hin hnh th nhn <Ctrl+A>, cn mu n ch n c workbook (ngha l

ch n tt c cc sheet) th nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v ch n Select All Sheets.
Sao chp v di chuyn vng
Sao chp (copy) gip ta nhn bn mt vng no n mt ni no trong bng tnh v d

liu g c cn nguyn, cn di chuyn vng th cng nh sao chp nhng d liu g c s c di
di n v tr mi. sao chp hay di chuyn trc tin bn phi ch n vng cn sao chp hay
di chuyn, sau c th dng nt lnh, phm tt hay dng chut th c hin:
Dng Ribbon: Ch n vng Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt hay
(Copy hay Cut), n ni ch v Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt (Paste). Bn

c th g i cc lnh trn t th c n ng cnh nhp phi chut.
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Chut: Ch n vng gi tri chut v gi thm phm Ctrl n u l sao chp (khng gi
thm phm Ctrl s l lnh di chuyn) ko chut ti ni ch cn sao chp hay di chuyn
n v th chut.
Dn c bit (Paste Special)
Trong qu trnh sao chp i khi chng ta cn dn ni dung sao chp hay ct t b nh
vo vi mt s ch n l c no , khi thay v dng lnh Paste bn hy s dng Paste
Special Sau khi ch n vng, ra lnh Copy, n ch cn sao chp n v nhp phi chut,
ch n lnh Paste Special. hp thoi Paste Special c mt s l a ch n nh bng sau:
Gii thch hp thoi Paste Special
Hng mc M t
All Dn c gi tr v nh dng ca vng ngun
Formulas Dn gi tr v cng thc, khng nh dng
Values Ch dn gi tr v k t qu ca cng thc, khng nh dng
Formats Ch dn vo nh dng, b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc
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Comments Ch dn vo ch thch ca cc , b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc
Validation Ch dn vo cc qui nh xc th c d liu cho vng ch
All using source theme Dn vo m i th v dng mu nh dng t vng ngun
All except borders Dn vo m i th v loi b cc khung vin
Column widths Ch dn vo thng tin qui nh chiu rng ct
Formulas and number Dn vo gi tr, cng thc v cc nh dng g c ca cc con s ,

formats cc nh dng khc b loi b.
Values and number Dn vo gi tr, k t qu ca cng thc v cc nh dng g c ca

formats cc con s .
None Khng km theo vic tnh ton no trn d liu sp dn vo
Add Cng cc gi tr ca vng ngun vo cc tng ng vng ch
Subtract Cc mang gi tr ca vng ch s tr i cc tng ng ca

vng ngun.
Multiply Cc mang gia tr ca vng ch s nhn vi cc tng ng ca

vng ngun.
Divide Cc mang gia tr ca vng ch s chia cho cc tng ng ca

vng ngun
Skip blanks . Khng dn cc rng vng ngun vo c gi tr vng

ch
Transpose Dn vo v o dng thnh ct hoc ngc li
Paste Link Dn vo v tham chi u ch n ngun
22
t tn vng
Vic t tn vng c li rt ln trong qu trnh thao thc v x l tnh ton nh: vng c
gn tn s gip gi nh v d hiu cng dng ca n hn l cc a ch n thun, t tn
gip vic tham chi u tnh ton t sai st hn v di chuyn hay ch n cc vng c t tn
rt nhanh chng t Name box (hoc dng Go to F5). Tn di t i a 255 k t khng
cha khong trng v du chm, tn phi bt u l k t khng c bt u l s , tn
khng c t gi ng cc a ch tham chi u. t tn trc tin ta ch n vng cn t tn

ch n nhm Formulas Defined Names Define Name, hp thoi New Name
hin ra. y, bn hy nhp tn vng vo hp Name ch n Scope, nhp ch thch n u cn,
xong th nhn OK. Ngoi ra bn cn c th t tn tr c ti p t hp Name box hoc t tn
cho vng ch n t Formulas Defined Names Create from Selection hoc dng th c
n ng cnh.
Mu n m hp thoi qun l cc tn t bn vo nhm Formulas Defined Names

Name Manager. T hp thoi bn c th t tn mi, hiu chnh thng tin cho cc tn
hin hoc xa tn ca cc vng khng dng n,
Thm ch thch cho
hm ch thch vo cc gip cho vic hiu chnh v hiu thng tin m ang cha c r
rng hn. thm ch thch v , chn ch n nhm Review Comments New
Comment v hy nhp ch thch vo. Ngoi ra bn c th nhp phi chut ln cn ch
thch v ch n Insert Comment.

23
c ch thch ch cn r chut ln c ch thch hoc vo Review Comments

Next hay Previous.
n/ hin ch thch vo Review Comments Show All Comments (n/ hin tt

c) hoc Show/ Hide Comment (n/ hin ch thch ang ch n).
Hiu chnh ch thch vo ch n cn hiu chnh ch thch Review Comments

Edit Comment. Ngoi ra nhanh bn c th nhp phi chut v ch n Edit Comment t
th c n ng cnh.
Xa ch thch vo ch n cn xa ch thch Review Comments Delete. Hoc

nhp phi chut v ch n Delete Comment.
Minh h a cho hin cc ch thch
Chn, xa , dng v ct
Chng ta c th chn thm cc vo bn tri hoc bn trn ca hin hnh trong worksheet
v dch chuyn cc ang ch n qua phi hoc xu ng di. Tng t , ta c th chn thm cc
dng bn trn, chn thm cc ct vo bn tri v c th xa i cc , cc dng v ct.
Chn trng
B1. Ch n cc m bn mu n chn cc tr ng vo (mu n ch n cc khng lin tc th

gi Ctrl trong khi ch n cc ).
24
B2. Ch n Home ch n nhm Cells Insert Insert Cells B3. Ch n l a ch n ph hp

trong hp thoi Insert
Chn dng
B1. Ch n mt hoc nhiu dng lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mu n chn s dng tng
ng pha trn cc dng ny.
B2. Ch n Home ch n nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Rows
Minh h a chn cc dng tr ng ln trn cc dng ang ch n
Chn ct
B1. Ch n mt hoc nhiu ct lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mu n chn s ct tng ng

pha bn tri cc ct ny.
B2. Ch n Home ch n nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Columns
Xa cc , dng v ct
B1. Ch n cc , cc dng hoc cc ct cn xa
B2. Ch n Home Cells Delete ch n kiu xa ph hp (xem hnh)
25
Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng
Trong worksheet ta c th qui nh rng ct t 0 n 255, y chnh l s k t c th hin

th trong mt dng. rng mc nh ca ct l 8.43 k t , khi rng l 0 th ct c n
i. Tng t , chiu cao ca dng qui nh t 0 n 409, y l n v o lng bng im
(point: 1 point = 1/72 inch). Chiu cao mc nh ca dng l 12.75 point, khi chiu cao l 0
th dng b n i. Cc bc iu chnh dng ct:
B1. Ch n dng hoc ct cn iu chnh chiu cao hoc rng
B2. Ch n Home Cells Format Ch n lnh ph hp
Row Height ch n lnh ny qui nh chiu cao ca dng
AutoFit Row Height ch n lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh chiu cao dng cho ph hp vi
ni dung.
Column Width ch n lnh ny qui nh rng ct
AutoFit Column Width ch n lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh rng ct cho ph hp vi

ni dung.
Default Width ch n lnh ny khi bn mu n qui nh li rng mc nh cho worksheet
hay c workbook. Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c worksheet hay c
workbook bng cch ch n c worksheet hay c workbook trc khi th c hin lnh. Ngoi
cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao tc
nhanh hn. Mu n thay i rng ct no hy r chut n pha bn phi tiu ct cho
xut hin k hiu v ko chut v bn phi tng hoc ko v bn tri gim rng ct.
26
Tng t , mu n thay i chiu cao dng no hy r chut n bn di s th t dng cho

xut hin k hiu v ko chut ln trn gim hoc ko xu ng di tng chiu cao dng.
Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c worksheet hay c workbook bng
cch ch n c worksheet hay c workbook trc khi th c hin lnh.
Ngoi cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao
tc nhanh hn. Mu n thay i rng ct no hy r chut n pha bn phi tiu ct
cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut v bn phi tng hoc ko v bn tri gim
rng ct. Tng t , mu n thay i chiu cao dng no hy r chut n bn di s th t
dng cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut ln trn gim hoc ko xu ng di tng
chiu cao dng.
27
Ni (Merge) v b ni cc (Split)
Ni nhiu thnh mt
Khi n i nhiu thnh mt , n u tt c cc u c d liu th bn cn chuyn h t d liu

ln gc trn cng bn tri ca nhm cn merge v ch c d liu ca ny c gi li,
d liu ca cc khc s b xa.
B1. Ch n cc cn n i li.
B2. Ch n Home Alignment ch n Merge & Center. canh chnh d liu trong
dng cc nt canh chnh trong nhm Algnment.
Chuyn mt ni v li nhiu
Sau khi chuyn n i v li nhiu th ni dung s hin ti gc trn cng bn tri.
B1. Ch n ang b n i.
B2. Ch n Home Alignment ch n li Merge & Center hoc Unmerge Cells u

c.
1.4. Di chuyn trong bng tnh v s dng phm tt
Bn c th dng chut, cc phm , thanh cu n d c, thanh cu n ngang, sheet tab,

cc t hp phm tt di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet hay i n cc ni bt k trong bng
tnh.
Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang
Thanh cu n d c v thanh cu n ngang c g i chung l cc thanh cu n (scroll bars). Bi v

mn hnh Excel ch c th hin th (cho xem) mt phn ca bng tnh ang thao tc, nn ta
28
phi dng thanh cun dc xem phn bn trn hay bn di bng tnh v dng thanh cun
ngang xem phn bn tri hay bn phi ca bng tnh.
Thanh cu n d c l thanh di nht, nm d c bn l phi; hai u c hai mi tn ln v mi

tn xu ng; gia c thanh trt cu n mn hnh ln xu ng.
Thanh cu n ngang l thanh nm ngang, th hai t di mn hnh m ln. C hnh dng

gi ng thanh cu n d c, ch khc l nm ngang.
Thanh cu n ngang
Thao tc:
Nhp chut vo mi tn sang tri cu n mn hnh i sang tri.
Nhp chut vo mi tn sang phi cu n mn hnh sang phi.
Thanh Sheet tab
di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet ta nhp chut ln tn ca sheet trn thanh sheet tab.
Ngoi ra chng ta c th dng <Ctrl + Page Up> di chuyn n sheet lin trc sheet hin
hnh v <Ctrl+Page Down> di chuyn n sheet lin sau sheet hin hnh. tr v sheet
u tin bn nhp chut v nt trn thanh sheet tab v n sheet cu i cng th bn nhp
chut vo nt trn thanh sheet tab. N u mu n n mt sheet no trong trng hp c
qu nhiu sheet th bn hy nhp phi chut vo thanh v ch n tn sheet cn n.
S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn
n c ni cn thi t trong bng tnh ngoi vic dng chut cu n cc thanh cu n ngang
v d c, cc phm mi tn th bn nn nh cc t hp phm bng bn di gip di chuyn
c nhanh hn.
29
Cc phm tt di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh
Nhn phm Di chuyn
hoc Tab Sang bn phi
hoc Shift + Tab Sang bn tri
Ln dng
Xu ng dng
Home n ct A ca dng hin hnh
Ctrl + Home n a ch A1 trong worksheet
Ctrl + End n a ch c cha d liu sau cng trong worksheet
Alt + Page Up Di chuyn hin hnh qua tri mt mn hnh
Alt + Page Down Di chuyn hin hnh qua phi mt mnh hnh
Page Up Di chuyn hin hnh ln trn mt mn hnh
Page Down Di chuyn hin hnh xu ng di mt mn hnh
F5 M hp thoi Go To
End + hoc Ctrl + n bn phi u tin m trc hoc sau n l tr ng
End + hoc Ctrl + n bn tri u tin m trc hoc sau n l tr ng
End + hoc Ctrl + Ln pha trn u tin m trn hoc di n l tr ng
End + hoc Ctrl + Xu ng pha di u tin m trn hoc di n l tr ng
Ctrl + Page Up Di chuyn n sheet pha trc sheet hin hnh
Ctrl + Page Down Di chuyn n sheet pha sau sheet hin hnh
30
1.5 Thao tc vi workbook
To mi workbook
Ch n nt Office New, mt hp thoi hin ra (xem hnh bn di) cung cp nhiu l a

ch n to workbook nh: workbook tr ng, workbook theo mu d ng sn, workbook d a
trn mt workbook c. to workbook tr ng, bn ch n Blank workbook v nhp nt
Create.
M workbook c sn trn a
Mt tp tin c sn c th c m bng nhiu cch:
1. Ch n nt Office ch n tn tp tin trong danh sch Recent Documents, c th c

t i a 50 tn tp tin c s dng gn y nht trong danh sch ny ( iu chnh th
31
nhn vo nt Office Excel Options Advance phn Display Show

this number of Recent Documents ).
2. Dng trnh qun l tp tin nh Windows Explorer, tm n ni lu tr tp tin v

nhp chut hai ln ln tn tp tin.
3. Ch n nt Office Open, hp thoi Open hin ra. Trong hp thoi Open, chng
ta phi tm n ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v ch n tn tp tin cn m sau nhn
nt Open m tp tin. Cc ty ch n ca nt Open trong hp thoi Open: Open (m
bnh thng), Open Read-Only (Khng lu c nhng thay i), Open as Copy
(To bn sao ca tp tin v m ra), Open in Browser (M tp tin bng trnh duyt
web mc nh), Open and Repair (Rt hu dng trong trng hp tp tin b li).
Lu workbook
t iu cn lu khi lm vic trn my tnh l cc bn phi nh th c hin lnh lu li cng

vic th c hin thng xuyn. Vic ra lnh lu tr khng t n nhiu thi gian nhng n u
my b hng hay cp in t ngt c th mt tong c gi lm vic ca bn. Nhm an ton
cho d liu, bn nn bt tnh nng Auto Recover, Excel s t ng th c hin lnh lu theo
thi gian qui nh (mc nh l 10 pht lu mt ln). s dng tnh nng Auto Recover bn
ch n nt Office Excel Options Save, sau nh du ch n vo Save
AutoRecover information every minutes.
32
Mt s cch lu workbook:
1. Ch n nt Office Save
2. Nhp chut ln nt trn thanh lnh truy cp nhanh (Quick Access Tollbar).
3. Dng t hp phm <Ctrl+S> hoc <Shift+F12>.
N u tp tin c lu trc ri th Excel s lu ti p cc phn cp nht, cn n u l tp tin

c ra lnh lu ln u th hp thoi Save As hin ra. Trong hp thoi Save As, bn hy
ch n ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v t tn cho tp tin ti hp File name, ch n kiu tp
tin ti Save as type v sau nhn nt Save lu tr.
Minh h a lu tp tin
Qui tt t tn: t tn tp tin Excel dng chung qui tt t tn tp tin ca Windows. Tn
tp tin c th di ti 255 k t bao gm c khong trng. Tuy nhin trong tn tp tin khng
c dng cc k hiu nh: \ ? : * < > |
bo mt tp tin, chng ta c th gn mt m bo v, khi cn phi bi t mt m mi

c php m tp tin (tr nhng cch t o!).
33
B1. Nhn nt Office Save As, hp thoi Save As hin ra.
B2. Nhn nt Tools ch n General Options, hp thoi General Options hin ra
B3. Nhp mt m m v hiu chnh workbook (hai mt m ny nn khc nhau tng bo

mt). Sau nhn nt OK
B4. Xc nhn li mt m m workbook. Sau nhn nt OK
B5. Xc nhn li mt m hiu chnh workbook. Sau nhn nt OK
B6. Nhn nt Save hon tt.
Dng mt m bo v workbook
Cc ty ch n trong hp General Options: Always create backup (to bn sao c ui *.xlk

trc khi gn mt m), Password to Open (mt m m workbook), Password to modify
(mt m cp nht ni dung workbook), Read-only recommended (m di dng ch c).
ng workbook
Mt s cch ng workbook:
1. Ch n nt Office Close
2. Dng chut ch n nt gc trn bn phi (trn thanh tiu ).
3. Dng t hp phm <Ctrl+F4> hoc <Ctrl+W>. N u workbook c s thay i ni dung th

Excel s nhc bn lu li cc thay i .
Sp xp workbook
Chi m nhiu workbook cng lc v cn tham kho qua li, thun tin ta nn sp x p li:
R chut nhn vo nhm lnh View ch n nt Arrange All Ch n kiu b tr thch
hp.
34
Sp x p cc workbook trong ca s Excel
1.6. Thao tc vi worksheet
Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook
C nhiu cch th c hin:
1. Nhn vo nt trn thanh sheet tab
2. Dng t hp phm <Shift+F11> chn sheet mi vo trc sheet hin hnh.
3. Nhn ch n nhm Home n nhm Cells Insert Insert sheet
4. Nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v ch n Insert, hp thoi Insert hin ra, ch n
Worksheet v nhn nt OK. Sheet mi s chn vo trc sheet hin hnh.
35
Minh h a chn sheet mi
i tn worksheet
Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn i tn thanh sheet tab, ch n Rename, g tn mi vo,

xong nhn phm Enter. Tn sheet c th di ti 31 k t v c th dng khong trng, tuy
nhin khng c dng cc k hiu t tn nh: : / \ ? *
Xa worksheet
Mu n xa work sheet, bn lm theo cc cch sau:
1. Ch n sheet mu n xa ch n nhm Home ch n nhm Cells Delete

Delete sheet
2. Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mu n xa sau ch n Delete, xc nhn xa OK.
Sp xp th t cc worksheet
C nhiu cch th c hin sp x p worksheet nh:
1. Nhp tri chut ln tn sheet cn sp x p v gi chut ko n v tr mi v th chut.
36
2. Khi c qu nhiu sheet th dng cch ny, nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn sp x p, ch n
Move or Copy. hp thoi Move or Copy hin ra. Hy nhp ch n ln tn sheet trong danh
sch m bn mu n di chuyn sheet n trc n, sau nhn OK.
Sao chp worksheet
Nhp phi chut ln sheet, ch n Move or Copych n v tr t bn sao trong vng

Before sheet nh du ch n vo hp Creat a copy nhn nt OK. Ngoi ra sao
chp nhanh bn nhn gi phm Ctrl ri dng chut ch n ln tn sheet cn sao chp gi
tri chut r n v tr t bn sao trn thanh sheet tab th tri chut.
sao chp nhiu sheet cng lc cng lm tng t nhng phi ch n nhiu sheet trc khi
th c hin lnh. ch n c nhiu sheet bn hy gi phm <Ctrl + nhp chut> ch n
sheet.
chp mt hay nhiu sheet sang mt workbook khc, bn hy m workbook ln sau

th c hin lnh Move or Copy v nh ch n tn workbook ch ti To book (n u ch n
workbook ch (new book) th s sao chp cc sheet n mt workbook mi).
Chn mu cho sheet tab
Vic t mu gip qun l thanh sheet tab c t t hn. t mu cho cc sheet tab bn ch
cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn t mu, ti p theo hy ch n Tab Color v ch n mu
thch hp.
37
n/ Hin worksheet
Khi bn khng mu n ngi khc thy mt hay nhiu sheet no th bn c th n n i.

Khng th n h t cc sheet trong workbook m phi cn li t nht mt sheet khng b n.
Mu n n sheet bn ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mu n n v ch n Hide th l sheet
c n. Khi mu n cho hin tr li mt sheet, bn nhp phi chut ln thanh Sheet tab v
ch n Unhide sau ch n tn sheet cn cho hin v nhn nt OK.
1.7 S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc
Trong qu trnh thao tc trn bng tnh i khi chng ta cn phng to hay thu nh cc ca s
c c gc nhn t t hn, hoc xem ni dung ca cng mt worksheet di nhiu gc
38
khc nhau, hoc chia ca s worksheet thnh nhiu Tab d dng tham chi u, hay gi c
nh tiu mt danh sch di trong khi cu n cc thanh cu n,
S dng thanh Zoom
Excel 2010 b tr thanh cng c Zoom dng phng to thu nh khung lm vic ca bng
tnh. Thanh zoom nm ngay gc di bn phi mn hnh v c th gip thu nh v phng to
khung lm vic t 10% n ti 400%, phng to th nhn v nt du cng cn thu nh th nhn
vo nt du tr.
Thanh Zoom
Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s
Tnh nng ny c bit hu ch khi bn mu n xem mt worksheet hay cc worksheet trong

cng mt workbook di nhiu gc khc nhau, mi mt nhn bn xem s c gn
thm ch s pha sau tn tp tin. Ch n nhm View Window New Window
so snh hai worksheet th sau khi lm bc trn bn ch n ti p nhm View Window

View Side by Side. Khi s dng chc nng ny khi bn cu n thanh cu n ca s ny th
ca s kia cng c cu n theo. tt tnh nng cu n ng thi ny bn vo View
Window Synchronous Scrolling (n u n ang bt).
Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu
Tnh nng rt hay c dng khi thao tc trn cc danh sch di hoc trong tnh ton cn phi
th c hin nhiu vic tham chi u. chia ca s bng tnh: t hin hnh ti vi tr cn chia
39
trn bng tnh, sau ch n View Window Split. b khung bng tnh th nhn nt
Split li mt ln na hoc nhp chut 2 ln ln ng chia d c v ngang. Ngoi ra, u ca
cc thanh cu n d c v ngang c mt ngn nh m khi r chut ln s c biu tng

(cng c chia nhanh khung bng tnh), bn gi tri chut v ko ra ni mu n chia trn ca s
lm vic ca bng tnh.
Minh h a chia 4, chia 2 d c, chia 2 ngang
Ngoi vic chia khung lm vic, Excel cn h tr bn c nh mt vng no trn ca s

lm vic v d nh dng tiu ca mt danh sch. Vic c nh ny rt hu ch v n gip ta
lun thy c dng tiu mc d cu n mn hnh xu ng pha di nhp liu. c
nh bn hy t hin hnh ti v tr cn c nh, sau ch n View Window
Freeze Panes ch n kiu c nh ph hp. N u ch n:
Freeze Panes: S c nh dng pha trn v ct bn tri hin hnh
Freeze Top Row: C nh dng u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch
Freeze First Column: C nh ct u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch
Minh h a c nh cc tiu
b c nh th vo View Window Freeze Panes Unfreeze Panes

40
S dng Watch Window
Tnh nng ny gip ta theo di cc trong qu trnh tnh ton. Bn mu n gim st no th

a n vo danh sch gim st ca s ca Watch Window. G i ca s Watch Window bn
ch n nhm Formulas Formula Auditing Watch Window, sau ch n cn theo
di v nhn vo nt Add Watch trn ca s Watch Window.
Ca s Watch Window
Chng 2: Lm vic vi d liu trong Excel
2.1. Nhp liu, hiu chnh
Cc trong bng tnh c th cha cc con s , cc chui vn bn hay cc biu thc ton h c.
Ngoi ra bng tnh cn c th cha cc biu , s , hnh nh, cc i tng ny khng
cha trong m ni trn b mt bng tnh.
Nhp liu
Nhp s, chui, thi gian, ngy thng nm
B1. Trn worksheet, ch n cn nhp liu
B2. Nhp vo con s , chui vn bn, ngy thng hay thi gian, m bn cn
B3. Nhp xong nhn Enter ( hin hnh chuyn xu ng di) hoc Tab ( hin hnh chuyn
qua phi) k t thc.
Lu :
N u nhp cc con s vo m Excel hin th ##### l do chiu rng ct khng bn bn

tng thm chiu rng ct.
Mc nh Excel s dng du chm (.) phn cch phn s nguyn v phn s thp phn.
41
Khi nhp cc con s m cc con s ny khng cn tnh ton th bn nn nh dng l

Text trc khi nhp (Home nhm Number ch n Text t danh sch).
Ngy v thi gian nhp vo th n dng nh dng ngy mc nh trong Control Panel
Regional and Language Options.
Khi nhp ngy dng du / hoc - phn cch, v d 10/05/2007 hoc 10-05-2007. Khi
mu n nhp ngy hin ti vo hy g <Ctrl+;>. Khi mu n dng nh dng ngy mc nh
cho cha ngy th ch n v g <Ctrl+Shift+#>.
Khi nhp thi gian v mu n nh dng theo chun 12 gi th thm A hoc P vo sau thi
gian nhp vo, v d 8:30 AM hoc 4:15 PM, n u khng Excel t hiu l AM. Khi mu n
nhp thi gian hin ti vo hy g <Ctrl+Shift+;>. Khi mu n dng nh dng thi gian mc
nh cho cha thi gian th ch n v g <Ctrl+Shift+@>. Mu n nhp cng mt ni dung
cho nhiu , bn hy ch n cc v nhp liu vo sau nhn <Ctrl+Enter>. Ngoi ra cn c
th s dng chc nng AutoFill (phn sau). Mu n nhp cng ni dung trn cc nhiu
sheet, bn hy ch n cc sheet , sau ch n cc trn sheet hin hnh, ti p theo nhp liu
(c th mt d liu do b nhp ln cc c d liu). b ch n cc sheet th nhp phi
chut ln thanh sheet tab v ch n Ungroup Sheets.
V d nhp cc loi d liu
Nhp cc k t c bit
B1. Mu n nhp k t c bit vo, trc tin ch n v n ni cn chn trong .
B2. Ch n Insert nhm Text ch n Symbol
B3. Trong hp thoi Symbol hy ch n k t cn, c th i kiu Font ti hp Font.
B4. Nhn nt Insert chn.

42
V d chn vo
Hy lnh (Undo), phc hi lnh (Redo), lp li lnh sau cng
hy mt lnh va th c hin bn nhn chut ln nt hay dng phm <Ctrl+Z>
ang nhp liu vo mu n hy th nhn phm ESC
phc hi lnh va hy th nhn nt hay dng phm <Ctrl+Y>
th c hin li lnh sau cng nhn <Ctrl+Y>
Hiu chnh ni dung
Xa ni dung cc B1. Ch n mt hoc nhiu cn xa
B2. Nhn Delete trn bn phm (xa cch ny th ch xa ni dung cc nh dng ca vn
cn). Ngoi ra xa bn c th vo Home nhm Editing Clear ( ) v ch n

cc lnh:
43
Clear All: Xa tt c ni dung v nh dng
Clear Formats: Ch xa phn nh dng ca
Clear Contents: Ch xa ni dung, cn nh dng
Clear Comments: Ch xa cc ch thch ca n u c
Lu cc lnh trn khng xa c nh dng ca bng (table)
Nhp ln c sn ni dung
Mu n nhp ln cc c sn ni dung, trc tin bn hy ch n v nhp vo ni dung

mi. Khi , ni dung c ca s mt i v thay bng ni dung va nhp .
Hiu chnh ni dung cc
Mu n hiu chnh ni dung sn c ca bn lm cc cch sau:
1. Nhp chut hai ln ln cn hiu chnh dng chut hoc cc phm mi tn di
chuyn n ni cn hiu chnh dng phm Backspace hoc Delete xa mt s ni dung

sau nhp vo ni dung mi.
2. Ch n cn hiu chnh v nhn F2 vo ch hiu chnh v lm tng t nh trn
3. Ch n cn hiu chnh, sau nhp chut vo thanh cng thc (Formula)
S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu
S dng chc nng AutoFill
S dng cng c ny Excel s gip bn in t ng d liu theo cc mu AutoFill c sn.

Ngoi ra bn cn c th to thm cc mu phc v cho cng vic ca mnh.
Danh sach mt s AutoFill co san
Cc gi tr khi u Chui sau khi m rng
1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6
9:00 10:00, 11:00, 12:00
Mon Tue, Wed, Thu
44
Monday Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday
Jan Feb, Mar, Apr
Jan, Apr Jul, Oct, Jan
Jan-99, Apr-99 Jul-99, Oct-99, Jan-00
15-Jan, 15-Apr 15-Jul, 15-Oct
1999, 2000 2001, 2002, 2003
1-Jan, 1-Mar 1-May, 1-Jul, 1-Sep,...
Qtr3 (or Q3 or Quarter3) Qtr4, Qtr1, Qtr2,...
Product 1, On backorder Product 2, On backorder, Product 3, On backorder,...
Text1, textA text2, textA, text3, textA,...
1st Period 2nd Period, 3rd Period,...
Product 1 Product 2, Product 3,...
Bn mu n in cc s l trong khong t 1 n 25 vo ct A bn lm nh sau:
B1. Ch n u tin A1 v nhp vo s 1
B2. Ch n ti p theo A2 nhp vo s 3 (bc nhy bng 3-1 = 2, Excel s cng s 2 vo

cha s l trc c c s l k ti p).
B3. Ch n hai A1:A2, di chuyn chut xu ng du vung nh mu en (Fill handle) gc

di bn phi vng ch n cho chut bi n thnh du cng mu en.
B4. Gi tri chut ko xu ng pha di cho n khi hin s 25 th dng li.
45
Khi bn mu n in t ng (sao chp) d liu hay cng thc ca hin hnh cho cc bn
tri, bn phi, pha trn hay bn di n th bn lm theo cc cch sau:
1. Ch n hin hnh ang cha d liu hay cng thc cn sao chp, sau gi Fill handle v
ko theo hng bn cn (ln, xu ng, tri hay phi). Khi d liu hay biu thc s c sao
chp.
2. Ch n cha d liu (hay cng thc) cn sao chp v tt c cc cn sao d liu n, sau
vo Home nhm Editing Fill ch n hng ph hp (Down, Right, Up,
Left).
T to danh sch AutoFill bn vo nt Office Excel Options Popular trong

phn trong phn Top options for working with Excel ch n Edit Custom Lists hp
thoi Custom Lists hin ra. Ti y, bn hy nhp vo danh sch trong khung List entries,
sau khi nhp xong nhn nt Add thm vo Custom lists v k t lc ny bn c th s
dng chc nng AutoFill vi danh sch t to ca bn.
Mu n xa mt danh sch th bn ch cn ch n danh sch v nhn nt Delete.
N u mu n hiu chnh danh sch th ch n danh sch v hiu chnh trong List entries,
sau khi hiu chnh xong nhn nt Add.
S dng chc nng Automatic Completion
Chc nng Automatic Completion gip bn nhp cc chui vn bn gi ng nhau cc c

nhanh chng hn. Tuy nhin, chc nng ny i khi cng lm bn kh chu, bt tt bn
46
vo nt Office Excel Options ch n Tab Advance ti Editing options

Enable AutoComplete for cell values.
S dng chc nng AutoCorrect
AutoCorrect gip bn sa cc li chnh t nhp liu khi nhp bng ti ng Anh, ngoi ra n cn
gip nhp nhanh cc k hiu hay cc on vn bn lp i lp li. Chng ta c th thm vo
cc cm t m chng ta thng hay dng vo danh sch ca AutoCorrect. thm t vo
danh sch AutoCorrect lm theo cc bc sau:
B1. Ch n nt Office Excel Options Proofing AutoCorrect Options
B2. Ti Tab AutoCorrect ch n Replace text as you type th chc nng ny mi c tc dng
B3. Trong hp Replace g cm t thng hay g sai (hoc g vo m t c k)
B4. Trong hp With g cm t ng vo (hoc g vo nguyn bn ca m t c k)
B5. Nhn nt Add thm vo danh sch
47
hiu chnh mt mc t trong danh sch th ch n mc t v g ni dung mi vo hai

hp Replace v With, sau nhn nt Replace. Mu n xa mt mc t trong danh sch th
ch n mc t v nhn nt Delete.
Minh h a thm m t c k vn v nguyn vn
2.2. nh dng
nh dng chung
Cc nt nh dng thng dng ca Excel c b tr rt thun li truy cp trong nhm Home

ca thanh Ribbon. Trong qu trnh son tho, tnh ton trn Excel, mi khi cn nh dng bn
ch vic nhn chut ln nt lnh ph hp di y.
48
nh dng vn bn v s
Khi cn cc nh dng phc tp hn m trn thanh Ribbon khng c nt lnh th bn truy cp

vo hp thoi Format Cells: Ch n Home nhm Cells Format Format Cells
Gii thch hp thoi Format Cells
49
nh dng M t
Tab Number
Category Danh sch cc loi nh dng s , gi tr
Sample Hin th nh dng ca gi tr trong hin hnh theo cc nh dng bn

ch n
Decimal places T i a c th c 30 s sau du thp phn, ch p dng cho dng

Number, Currency, Accounting, Percentage, v Scientific.
Use 1000 Separator (,) Ch n ny n u mu n c du phn cch gia hng nghn, triu, tch
p dng cho dng Number
Negative numbers Ch n loi nh dng th hin cho s m, ch p dng cho dng Number
v Currency.
Symbol Ch n loi k hiu tin t, ch p dng cho dng Currency v

Accounting
Type Ch n kiu hin th ph hp cho gi tr , ch p dng cho cc dng Date,

Time, Fraction, Special, v Custom.
Locale (location) Ch n loi ngn ng khc p dng nh dng gi tr, ch p dng cho
cc dng Date, Time, v Special.
Tab Alignment
Text alignment Horizontal C cc l a ch n dng canh chnh ni dung theo chiu ngang. Mc
nh Excel canh l tri cho vn bn, l phi cho gi tr , cc gi tr lun
l v cc li c canh gia.
Vertical C cc l a ch n dng canh chnh ni dung theo chiu d c. Mc

nh Excel canh l di cho vn bn.
Indent Tht u cc dng ni dung ca .
50
Orientation Ch n cc hng ca vn bn trong cc .
Degrees t gi tr xoay vn bn. Cc gi tr t -90 n 90
Text control Wrap text Ni dung trong c xu ng nhiu dng ty thuc vo rng ct v
di ni dung. (xem chi ti t phn di)
Shrink to fit Gim kch c ch tt c ni dung trong va vi rng ct
Merge cells N i cc ch n thnh mt ( trnh by phn trn)
Right-to-left Text direction Xc nh trnh t c v canh l
Tab Font
Font Ch n kiu Font cho cc , font mc nh l Calibri
Font style Ch n kiu thng, in nghin, in mca Font ch, kiu mc nh l

Regular.
Size Kch thc font ch , t c 1 n 1638 v mc nh l c ch 11 point.
Underline Ch n kiu gch chn cho vn bn trong danh sch, mc nh l None.
Color Ch n mu cho vn bn, mc nh l Automatic (do Excel t ch n mu)
Normal font N u ch n s loi b cc nh dng Font khc v tr v dng bnh

thng
Effects Strikethrough C thm ng gch ngang vn bn
Superscript Lm cho vn bn co li v y ln trn
Subscript Lm cho vn bn co li v y xu ng di
Preview Xem trc k t qu nh dng bn va ch n
Tab Border
Line Ch n kiu v kch c cc ng k khung, sau ch n cc nt bn

hp Border k
51
Presets Ch n khng k khung, k ng bao v k cc ng phn cch gia

cc
Color Ch n mu cho cc ng k
Border Cc nt bao quanh hnh minh h a dng k cc ng bao cc
Tab Fill
Background Color Ch n mu nn cho cc . Fill Effects cung cp cc hiu ng t mu

nn (xem chi ti t phn di).
More Colors B sung thm cc mu v cng c pha ch mu.
Pattern Color Cc mu mu nn
Pattern Style cc kiu mu t nn . Xem trc k t qu ch n mu v kiu mu ti

Sample
Tab Protection
Locked Kha vic thay i, di chuyn, xa, cc , ch c tc dng khi sheet

c bo v
Hidden n cng thc trong , ch co tc dng khi sheet c bo v (xem

phn sau)
General Excel mc nh dng kiu ny nh dng gi tr, khi s di hn 12

s th nh dng
General chuyn sang dng Scientific
Number Dng nh dng cc con s , bn c th ch n du phn cch thp

phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn, ng thi c th ch n
kiu hin th s m.
Currency Dng nh dng cc n v tin t cho cc gi tr, ta c th ch n du

phn cch thp phn v nh s con s sau du thp phn, ng thi c
th ch n kiu hin th s m.
52
Accounting Dng nh dng cc n v tin t trong k ton, n t k hiu tin

t v gi tr hai ct khc nhau.
Date Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo ch n l a ti

phn Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c du (*) l nh dng ly
t h th ng (Control Panel).
Time Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo ch n l a ti
phn Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c du (*) l nh dng ly

t h th ng (Control Panel).
Percentage nh dng ny ly gi tr trong nhn vi 100 v thm du % vo sau

k t qu, bn c th ch n du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s
sau du thp phn.
Fraction nh dng ny hin th con s di dng phn s ty theo Type bn

ch n.
Scientific Hin th con s di dng khoa h c <Con s E+n>. V d, s
12345678901 nh dng theo Scientific l 1.23E+10, ngha l 1.23 x

1010. Bn c th ch n du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s
sau du thp phn.
Text nh dng ni dung gi ng nh nhng g nhp vo k c cc con s .
Special nh dng cc con s dng m bu chnh (ZIP Code), s in thoi, s

bo him
Custom Dng hiu chnh cc m nh dng ang p dng hay to mi cc

nh dng do bn p dng. Ta c th thm vo t 200 n 250 nh
dng t to ty theo ngn ng v phin bn Excel. (xem phn sau)
S dng Wrap Text
Khi bn mu n on vn bn di trong c nhiu dng th bn dng chc nng wrap text hoc
dng <Alt+Enter> xu ng dng ti v tr mong mu n.
B1. Ch n cn nh dng Wrap text, v d A1

53
B2. Ch n Home Alignment ch n Wrap Text ( ). N u dng khng t ng m

rng l do b thi t lp chiu cao c nh, bn vo Home Cells Format ti
Cells Size ch n AutoFit Row Height
Xoay ch (Orientation)
B1. Ch n cc cn xoay ch A1:D1
B2. Ch n Home nhm Alignment Orientation Angle Counterclockwise
nh dng khung (border)
K ng bao xung quanh vng B2:E18 m, c ng phn cch gia cc bng nt mnh
v mu tt c ng k l mu .
B1. Ch n danh sch cn k khung B2:E18
B2. Ch n Home nhm Cells Format Ch n Format Cells
B3. Vo Tab Border, ch n mu l Red ( ) ti Color
B4. Ch n Style l nt m , sau ch n nt Outline ti Preset
B5. Ch n Style l nt mnh , sau ch n nt Inside ti Preset
B6. Nhn OK hon tt
54
Hiu ng t nn (Fill effect)
B1. Ch n vng cn t mu nn B2:E18
B2. Ch n Home nhm Cells Format Ch n Format Cells
B3. Vo Tab Fill Ch n Fill Effects
B4. Ch n cc mu cn ph i hp: Color 1 (v d l mu vng Yellow) v Color 2 (Blue)
B5. Ch n Shading styles l Vertical v ch n kiu th 3
B6. Nhn OK hai ln hon tt.
55
T ng nh dng c iu kin.
Vi Excel 2010 nh dng c iu kin s gip bn ch ra cc mu trong d liu v s dng

rt n gin. Ch cn nh du mt nhm cc v kch vo Conditional Formatting trn
ribbon Home. Khi a chut trn nhng l a ch n, bn s thy preview ca n ngay lp tc.
C th gn cho mi mt mu phn nh th hng ca n trong ton b di cc gi tr,
thm mt thanh d liu trong su t phn nh gi tr ca Cch thc ti n hnh ny cho php
n gin hn rt nhiu so vi s phc tp trong hp thoi Conditional Formatting ca Excel
2003.
56
Bng v nh dng bng (table)
Excel thi t lp sn rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng v cn h tr to thm cc biu mu

mi. Excel ch cho php xa cc biu mu t to thm v cho php xa nh dng bng.
Ngoi ra ta c th hiu chnh nh dng bng khi cn thi t.
p nh dng bng cho danh sch v chuyn danh sch thnh bng
B1. Ch n danh B2:E18
B2. Ch n Home nhm Styles ch n Format As Table
B3. Ca s Style lit k rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng, ch n mt trong cc biu mu. V
d ch n mu Light s 9
B4. Ca s Format As Table hin ln nhn OK xc nhn.
to mu mi th ti bc 3 ch n New Table Style, sau t tn cho biu mu mi v

nhn Format ch bi n biu mu.
Mu n xa mt mu t to th vo Home Style Format As Table, ti phn Custom

nhp phi chut ln biu mu v ch n Delete.
Cc ty ch n hiu chnh bng c Table Tools Tab Design trn thanh Ribbon
57
Xa kiu nh dng bng ang p dng v chuyn bng v danh sch
xa mt kiu nh dng bng ang p dng, trc tin hy ch n bng, ti Tab Design
vo nhm Table Styles ch n More ( ) ch n Clear. n lc ny vng ch n vn cn l
bng do vy n c cc tnh nng ca bng.
chuyn mt bng v thnh danh sch th ch n bng, sau vo Tab Design, ti nhm
Tools ch n Convert to Range.
58
S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes)
Cc mu ti liu d ng sn gip ngi s dng to nn cc ti liu c dng v chuyn nghip

v rt d s dng. Cc biu mu ti liu c thi t k sn vi nhiu mu, font ch, hnh nh,
th, vi nhiu hiu ng p mt. Ngoi ra chng ta cn c th hiu chnh v ch bi n cc
mu ny.
p dng biu mu ti liu bn vo ch n nhm Page Layout Themes Ch n mt

biu mu t danh sch.
C th hiu chnh biu mu: vo Colors ch n li mu, vo Fonts ch n li kiu Font

v vo Effects ch n li hiu ng.
Lu bng phi p dng Style th mi c tc dng.
To biu mu mi Colors v Font bn vo Page Layout Themes ch n Colors

ch n Create New Themes Colors hay Page Layout Themes ch n Fonts
ch n Create New Themes Fonts. Nh lu li (Save) sau khi to.
Khi i kiu mu khc ng lot cc i tng c p dng biu mu thay i nh dng

v khng b thay i ni dung.
59
2.3 Tm v thay th d liu
tm d liu hoc tm v thay th d liu:
Kch nt Find & Select trn nhm Editing ca tab Home
Ch n Find hoc Replace
60
Hp thoi Find and Replace xut hin, nhp t mu n tm trong mc Find What (n u bn
ch n Find bc trn) hoc nhp t mu n tm trong mc Find What v t thay th trong
mc Replace with (n u bn ch n Replace bc trn).
Kch nt Options tm thm cc ty ch n
2.4 Sp xp v lc d liu
Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) l nhng tnh nng cho php bn thao tc d liu trong mt
bng tnh c thi t lp d a trn cc tiu chun.
Sp xp
th c hin mt sp x p theo chiu tng dn hay gim dn trn mt ct:

61
nh du cc mu n c sp x p
Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home
Kch nt Sort Ascending (A-Z) hay Sort Descending (Z-A)
Ty chnh sp xp
sp x p nhiu hn mt ct:
Ch n ct m bn mu n sp x p u tin
Kch Add Level
Ch n ct ti p theo bn mu n sp x p
Kch OK
62
Lc d liu
B l c cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh. s dng b

l c:
Kch vo ct hoc ch n cc ct cha d liu m bn mu n l c
Trn tab Home, kch Sort & Filter
Kch nt Filter
Kch vo mi tn pha di u tin
Kch Text Filter
Kch Words bn mu n l c
Nhn chut vo y xem

nh g c
63
khng p dng b l c, kch nt Sort & Filter
Kch Clear
64
Chng 3: Gii Thiu V S Dng Cc Hm
3.1 Gii thiu cng thc v hm:
Gii thiu cng thc (Formula)
Cng thc gip bng tnh hu ch hn rt nhiu, n u khng c cc cng thc th bng tnh
cng gi ng nh trnh son tho vn bn. Chng ta dng cng thc tnh ton t cc d liu
lu tr trn bng tnh, khi d liu thay i cc cng thc ny s t ng cp nht cc thay i
v tnh ra k t qu mi gip chng ta t n cng sc tnh li nhiu ln. Vy cng thc c cc
thnh phn g?
Cng thc trong Excel c nhn dng l do n bt u l du = v sau l s k t hp ca

cc ton t, cc tr s , cc a ch tham chi u v cc hm.
V d:
V d v cng thc
Cc ton t trong cng thc
Ton t Chc nng V d Kt qu
+ Cng =3+3 3 cng 3 l 6
- Tr =45-4 45 tr 4 cn 41
* Nhn =150*.05 150 nhn 0.50 thnh 7.5
/ Chia =3/3 3 chia 3 l 1
^ Ly tha =2^4 =16^(1/4) 2 ly tha 4 thnh 16 Ly cn

bc 4 ca 16 thnh 2
65
& N i chui =L & Thanh N i chui L v Thanh li

thnh L Thanh
= Bng =A1=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 K t qu:

FALSE
> Ln hn =A1>B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 K t qu:

FALSE
< Nh hn =A1<B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 K t qu:

TRUE
>= Ln hn hoc =A1>=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 K t qu:

bng FALSE
<= Nh hn hoc =A1<=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 K t qu:

bng TRUE
<> Khc =A1<>B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 K t qu:

TRUE
, Du cch cc tham =Sum(A1,B1) V d A1=3, B1=6 K t qu:

chi u 9
: Tham chi u mng =Sum(A1:B1) V d A1=3, B1=6 K t qu:

9
khong Tr v cc giao =B1:B6 A3:D3 Tr v gi tr ca

trng gia 2 vng
Th t u tin ca cc ton t
Ton t M t u tin
: (hai chm) (1 khong trng) , (du phy) Ton t tham chi u 1
66
S m (v d 1) 2
% Phn trm 3
^ Ly tha 4
* v / Nhn v chia 5
+ v Cng v tr 6
& N i chui 7
= < > <= >= <> So snh 8
Gii thiu hm (Function)
Hm trong Excel c lp trnh sn dng tnh ton hoc th c hin mt chc nng no .
Vic s dng thnh tho cc hm s gip chng ta ti t kim c rt nhiu thi gian so vi
tnh ton th cng khng dng hm. Cc hm trong Excel rt a dng bao trm nhiu lnh
v c, c nhng hm khng yu cu i s , c nhng hm yu cu mt hoc nhiu i s , v
cc i s c th l bt buc hoc t ch n.
V d:
=Rand(): hm khng c i s
=If(A1>=5,t,Rt): hm 3 i s
=PMT(10%,4,1000,,1): hm nhiu i s v i s ty ch n
Trong Excel 2010 c cc hm chnh nh sau:
Hm ngoi: Call, Registed.ID,
Hm ly d liu t SSAS: Cubeset, Cubevalue,
Hm d liu: Dmin, Dmax, Dcount,
Hm ngy v thi gian: Time, Now, Date,.
Hm k thut: Dec2Bin, Dec2Hex, Dec2Oct,
Hm ti chnh: Npv, Pv, Fv, Rate,

67
Hm thng tin: Cell, Thng tin, IsNa,
Hm lun l: If, And, Or,
Hm tham chi u v tm ki m: Choose, Vlookup, OffSet,
Hm ton v lng gic: Log, Mmult, Round,
Hm th ng k: Stdev, Var, CountIf,
Hm vn bn: Asc, Find, Text,
Chng ta s cng nghin cu cch s dng tng hm trong cc nhm hm trn cc phn
sau.
Nhp cng thc v hm
Nhp cng thc trong Excel rt n gin, mu n nhp cng thc vo no bn ch vic nhp
du = v sau l s k t hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s , cc a ch tham chi u v cc hm.
Bn c th nhn vo thanh Formula thy c tr n cng thc. Mt iu h t sc lu khi
lm vic trn bng tnh l trnh nhp tr c ti p cc con s , gi tr vo cng thc m bn nn
dng n tham chi u.
V d:
Minh h a dng tham chi u trong hm
Trong v d trn, i s th nht ca hm NPV chng ta khng nhp tr c sut chi t tnh
10% vo hm m nn tham chi u n a ch cha n l I2, v n u li sut c thay i th ta
ch cn nhp gi tr mi vo I2 th chng ta s thu c k t qu NPV mi ngay khng cn
phi chnh sa li cng thc.
Gi s cc C2:G2 c t tn l DongTien, v I2 t tn l LaiSuat (Xem li cch t

tn vng bi s 1) th trong qu trnh nhp cng thc bn c th lm nh sau:
B1. Ti B4 nhp vo =NPV(
B2. Nhn F3, ca s Paste Name hin ra
B3. Ch n LaiSuat v nhn OK

68
B4. Nhp du phy (,) v g F3
B5. Ch n DongTien v nhn OK
B6. Nhp du ng ngoc ri nhp du +
B7. Nhp chut vo B2
B8. Nhn phm Enter
Chn tn vng vo cng thc
Mt trong nhng cch d dng nht s dng hm trong Excel l s dng th vin hm.
Khi bn mu n s dng hm no ch vic vo thanh Ribbon ch n nhm Formulas
Function Library -> ch n nhm hm -> ch n hm cn s dng. Ngoi ra bn c th nhn
vo nt g i hp thoi Insert Function mt cch nhanh chng v khi cn tm hiu v

hm ny bn ch cn nhn vo Help on this function.
69
Hp thoi Insert Function
Tham chiu trong cng thc
Cc tham chi u s dng trong cng thc gip cho chng ta khi t n cng sa cha cc cng
thc khi cc gi tr tnh ton c s thay i. C 3 loi tham chi u sau:
Tham chi u a ch tng i: Cc dng v ct tham chi u s thay i khi chng ta

sao chp hoc di di cng thc n v tr khc mt lng tng ng vi s dng v s
ct m ta di di. V d A5:B7, C4
Tham chi u a ch tuyt i: Cc dng v ct tham chi u khng thay i khi ta di di

hay sao chp cng thc. V d $A$5:$B$7, $C$4
Tham chi u hn hp: Ph i hp tham chi u a ch tng i v tuyt i. V d A$5

ngha l ct A tng i v dng 5 tuyt i.
Lu : Du $ trc th t ct l c nh ct v trc th t dng l c nh dng. Nhn phm

F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct.
Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct.
V d: Tnh thnh tin bng S lng nhn Gi. i sang gi tr Thnh tin sang VND. Tnh
tng cc ct Thnh tin v ct VND.
70
Minh h a a ch tng i v tuyt i
B1. Ti D2 nhp vo =B2*C2 v Enter. Sau qut ch n c vng D2:D14 v g

<Ctrl+D>. Vo cc D3, D4... D14 ta thy cng thc cc dng t ng c thay i tng
ng vi khong cch so vi D2. Trng hp ny chng ta dng a ch tng i ca
B2*C2 l v chng ta mu n khi sao chp cng thc xu ng pha di th a ch cc tnh
ton s t ng thay i theo.
B2. Ti E2 nhp vo =D2*B$17 v Enter, sau chp cng thc xu ng cc E3:E14.

Chng ta cn c nh dng 17 trong a ch t gi B17 v ta mu n khi sao cng thc xu ng th
cc cng thc sao chp vn tham chi u n B17 tnh ton.
B3. Ti D15 nhp vo =Sum(D2:D14) v chp sang E15.
Lu :
Tham chi u n a ch worksheet khc nhng cng workbook th c dng
Tn_sheet!a_ch_. V d:
=A2*Sheet2!A2
=A2*Thong so!B4
Khi tn sheet c cha khong trng th trong cp nhy n
Tham chi u n a ch trong workbook khc th c dng
[Tn_Workbook]Tn_sheet!a_ch_.
71
V d:
=A2*[Bai2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
=A2*[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tn Sheet hay Workbook c cha khon trng trong cp nhy n
=A2*C:\Tai lieu\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tham chiu n workbook khc m workbook ny khng m
=A2*\\DataServer\Excel\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tham chiu n ti nguyn chia s trn my ch trong mng
Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors)
Cc li thng dng
Li Gii thch
#DIV/0! Trong cng thc c cha php chia cho 0 (zero) hoc chia rng
#NAME? Do dnh sai tn hm hay tham chi u hoc nh thi u du nhy
#N/A Cng thc tham chi u n m c dng hm NA kim tra s tn ti ca

d liu hoc hm khng c k t qu
#NULL! Hm s dng d liu giao nhau ca 2 vng m 2 vng ny khng c phn

chung nn phn giao rng
#NUM! Vn i vi gi tr, v d nh dng nhm s m trong khi ng phi l s

dng
#REF! Tham chi u b li, thng l do tham chi u trong hm b xa
#VALUE! Cng thc tnh ton c cha kiu d liu khng ng.
72
3.2 Cc hm trong excel
a. Nhm hm v thng k
AVEDEV (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh lch tuyt i cc im d liu theo
trung bnh ca ch ng. Thng ng lm thc o v s bin i ca tp s liu
AVERAGE (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng
AVERAGEA (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr, bao gm c nhng
gi tr logic
AVERAGEIF (range, criteria1) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt mng theo mt
iu kin
AVERAGEIFS (range, criteria1, criteria2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt
mng theo nhiu iu kin
COUNT (value1, value2, ...) : m s trong danh sch
COUNTA (value1, value2, ...) : m s c cha gi tr (khng rng) trong danh sch
COUNTBLANK (range) : m cc rng trong mt vng
COUNT F (range, criteria) : m s tha mt iu kin cho trc bn trong mt dy
COUNTIFS (range1, criteria1, range2, criteria2, ...) : m s tha nhiu iu kin cho trc
DEVSQ (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh bnh phng lch cc im d liu t trung bnh
mu ca chng, ri cng cc bnh phng li.
FREQUENCY (data_array, bins_array) : Tnh xem c bao nhiu gi tr thng xuyn xut hin
bn trong mt dy gi tr, ri tr v mt mng ng cc s. Lun s dng hm ny dng
cng thc mng
GEOMEAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v trung bnh nhn ca mt dy cc s ng.

Thng ng tnh mc tng trng trung bnh, trong li k p c cc li bin i c
cho trc...
HARMEAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v trung bnh iu ha (nghch o ca trung bnh

cng) ca cc s
73
KURT (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh nhn ca tp s liu, biu th mc nhn hay mc
phng tng i ca mt phn b so vi phn b chun
LARGE (array, k) : Tr v gi tr ln nht th k trong mt tp s liu
MAX (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr
MAXA (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc

gi tr logic v text
MEDIAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh v ca cc s.
MIN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr
MINA (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc

gi tr logic v text
MODE (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr xut hin nhiu nht trong mt mng gi tr
PERCENTILE (array, k) : Tm phn v th k ca cc gi tr trong mt mng d liu
PERCENTRANK (array, x, significance) : Tr v th hng (v tr tng i) ca mt tr trong

mt mng d liu, l s phn trm ca mng d liu
PERMUT (number, number_chosen) : Tr v hon v ca cc i tng.
QUART LE (array, quart) : Tnh im t phn v ca tp d liu. Thng c dng trong

kho st d liu chia cc tp hp thnh nhiu nhm...
RANK (number, ref, order) : Tnh th hng ca mt s trong danh sch cc s
SKEW (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v lch ca phn phi, m t khng i xng ca

phn phi quanh tr trung bnh ca n
SMALL (array, k) : Tr v gi tr nh nht th k trong mt tp s
STDEV (number1, number2, ...) : c lng lch chun trn c s mu
STDEVA (value1, value2, ...) : c lng lch chun trn c s mu, bao gm c nhng
gi tr logic
STDEVP (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp
74
STDEVPA (value1, value2, ...) : Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp, k c ch v cc
gi tr logic
VAR (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phng sai a trn mu
VARA (value1, value2, ...) : Tr v phng sai a trn mu, bao gm c cc tr logic v text
VARP (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phng sai a trn ton th tp hp
VARPA (value1, value2, ...) : Tr v phng sai a trn ton th tp hp, bao gm c cc tr
logic v text.
TRIMMEAN (array, percent) : Tnh trung bnh phn trong ca mt tp d liu, bng cch loi
t l phn trm ca cc im d liu u v cui tp d liu.
b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut
BETADIST (x, alpha, beta, A, B) : Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch

ly beta.
BETAINV (probability, alpha, beta, A, B) : Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt phn phi

xc sut tch ly beta.
BINOMDIST (number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative) : Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th

thnh cng ca phn phi nh phn.
CHIDIST (x, degrees_freedom) : Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared.
CHIINV (probability, degrees_freedom) : Tr v nghch o ca xc xut mt pha ca phn

phi chi-squared.
CHITEST (actual_range, expected_range) : Tr v gi tr ca xc xut t phn phi chi-

squared v s bc t o tng ng.
CONFIDENCE (alpha, standard_dev, size) : Tnh khong tin cy cho mt kz vng l thuyt
CRITBINOM (trials, probability_s, alpha) : Tr v gi tr nh nht sao cho phn phi nh thc
tch ly ln hn hay bng gi tr tiu chun. Thng ng bo m cc ng dng t cht
lng...
EXPONDIST (x, lambda, cumulative) : Tnh phn phi m. Thng ng m phng thi
gian gia cc bin c...
75
FDIST (x, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2) : Tnh phn phi xc sut F. Thng dng
tm xem hai tp s liu c nhiu mc khc nhau hay khng...
FINV (probability, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2) : Tnh nghch o ca phn phi

xc sut F. Thng ng so snh bin thin trong hai tp s liu
FTEST (array1, array2) : Tr v kt qu ca mt php th F. Thng ng xc nh xem

hai mu c cc phng sai khc nhau hay khng...
FISHER (x) : Tr v php bin i Fisher ti x. Thng ng kim tra gi thuyt da trn
h s tng quan...
FISHERINV (y) : Tnh nghch o php bin i Fisher. Thng ng phn tch mi tng
quan gia cc mng s liu...
GAMMADIST (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi tch ly gamma. C th ng

nghin cu c phn b lch
GAMMAINV (probability, alpha, beta) : Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch ly gamma.
GAMMLN (x) : Tnh logarit t nhin ca hm gamma
HYPGEOMDIST (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phn phi siu bi (xc sut ca mt s ln

thnh cng no ...)
LOGINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) : Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly

lognormal ca x (LOGNORMDIST)
LOGNORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev) : Tr v phn phi tch ly lognormal ca x, trong

logarit t nhin ca x thng c phn phi vi cc tham s mean v standard_dev.
NEGBINOMDIST (number_f, number_s, probability_s) : Tr v phn phi nh thc m (tr v

xc sut m s c number_f ln tht bi trc khi c number_s ln thnh cng, khi xc sut
khng i ca mt ln thnh cng l probability_s)
NORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi chun (normal

distribution). Thng c s dng trong vic thng k, gm c vic kim tra gi thuyt
NORMINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) : Tnh nghch o phn phi tch ly chun
76
NORMSDIST (z) : Tr v hm phn phi tch ly chun tc (standard normal cumulative

distribution function), l phn phi c tr trung bnh cng l zero (0) v lch chun l 1
NORMSINV (probability) : Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly chun tc
POISSON (x, mean, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi poisson. Thng ng c tnh s

lng bin c s xy ra trong mt khong thi gian nht nh
PROB (x_range, prob_range, lower_limit, upper_limit) : Tnh xc sut ca cc tr trong dy

nm gia hai gii hn
STANDARDIZE (x, mean, standard_dev) : Tr v tr chun ha t phn phi biu th bi mean

v standard_dev
TDIST (x, degrees_freedom, tails) : Tr v xc sut ca phn phi Student (phn phi t),
trong x l gi tr tnh t t v c ng tnh xc sut.
TINV (probability, degrees_freedom) : Tr v gi tr t ca phn phi Student.
TTEST (array1, array2, tails, type) : Tnh xc xut kt hp vi php th Student.
WEIBULL (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi Weibull. Thng s dng trong
phn tch tin cy, nh tnh tui th trung bnh ca mt thit b.
ZTEST (array, x, sigma) : Tr v xc sut mt pha ca php th z.
c. Nhm hm v tng quan v hi quy tuyn tnh
CORREL (array1, array2) : Tnh h s tng quan gia hai mng xc nh mi quan h ca
hai c tnh
COVAR (array1, array2) : Tnh tch s cc lch ca mi cp im d liu, ri tnh trung

bnh cc tch s
FORECAST (x, known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh ton hay d on mt gi tr tng lai bng cch
s dng cc gi tr hin c, bng phng php hi quy tuyn tnh
GROWTH (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const) : Tnh ton s tng trng d kin theo
hm m, bng cch s dng cc d kin hin c.
INTERCEPT (known_y's, known_x's) : Tm im giao nhau ca mt ng thng vi trc y

bng cch s dng cc tr x v y cho trc
77
LINEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats) : Tnh thng k cho mt ng bng cch dng
phng php bnh phng ti thiu (least squares) tnh ng thng thch hp nht vi
d liu, ri tr v mng m t ng thng . Lun ng hm ny dng cng thc mng.
LOGEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats) : Dng trong phn tch hi quy. Hm s tnh
ng cong hm m ph hp vi d liu c cung cp, ri tr v mng ga tr m t
ng cong . Lun ng hm ny dng cng thc mng
PEARSON (array1, array2) : Tnh h s tng quan momen tch pearson (r), mt ch mc
khng th nguyn, trong khong t -1 n 1, phn nh s m rng quan h tuyn tnh gia
hai tp s liu
RSQ (known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh bnh phng h s tng quan momen tch Pearson (r),
thng qua cc im d liu trong known_y's v known_x's
SLOPE (known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh h s gc ca ng hi quy tuyn tnh thng qua cc

im d liu
STEYX (known_y's, known_x's) : Tr v sai s chun ca tr d on y i vi mi tr x trong

hi quy.
TREND (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const) : Tr v cc tr theo xu th tuyn tnh
d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions
ACCRINT (issue, first_interest, settlement, rate, par, frequency, basis, calc_method) : Tnh li
tch ly cho mt chng khon tr li theo nh kz
ACCR NT (issue, settlement, rate, par, basis) : Tnh li tch ly i vi chng khon tr li
theo kz hn
AMORDEGRC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) : Tnh khu
hao trong mi ti kha k ton ty theo thi hn s dng ca ti sn (s dng trong cc h
thng k ton theo kiu Php)
AMORLINC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) : Tnh khu hao
trong mi ti kha k ton (s dng trong cc h thng k ton theo kiu Php)
COUPDAYBS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy k t u kz li ti ngy

kt ton
78
COUPDAYS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy trong kz li bao gm c

ngy kt ton
COUPDAYSCN (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy t ngy kt ton ti

ngy tnh li k tip
COUPNCD (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tr v mt con s th hin ngy tnh li

k tip k t sau ngy kt ton
COUPNUM (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ln li sut phi tr trong

khong t ngy kt ton n ngy o hn
COUPPCD (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tr v mt con s th hin ngy thanh

ton li ln trc, trc ngy kt ton
CUMIPMT (rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type) : Tnh li tc tch ly phi tr i
vi khon vay trong khong thi gian gia start_period v end_period
CUMPRINC (rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type) : Tr v tin vn tch ly phi tr
i vi khon vay trong khong thi gian gia start_period v end_period
DB (cost, salvage, life, period, month) : Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng phng php
s gim dn theo mt mc c nh (fixed-declining balance method) trong mt khong
thi gian xc nh.
DDB (cost, salvage, life, period, factor) : Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng phng
php s gim dn kp (double-declining balance method), hay gim dn theo mt t l
no , trong mt khong thi gian xc nh.
DISC (settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) : Tnh t l chit khu ca mt chng
khon
DOLLARDE (fractional_dollar, fraction) : Chuyn i gi dollar dng phn s sang gi dollar

dng thp phn
DOLLARFR (decimal_dollar, fraction) : Chuyn i gi dollar dng thp phn s sang gi

dollar dng phn s
DURATION (settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis) : Tnh thi hn hiu lc
Macauley da trn ng mnh gi $100 (thi hn hiu lc l trung bnh trng gi tr hin ti
79
ca dng lun chuyn tin mt v c ng lm thc o v s phn hi lm thay i li

nhun ca gi tr tri phiu)
EFFECT (nominal_rate, npery) : Tnh li sut thc t hng nm, bit trc li sut anh ngha
hng nm v tng s kz thanh ton li kp mi nm
FV (rate, nper, pmt, pv, type) : Tnh gi tr kz hn ca s u t a trn vic chi tr c nh

theo kz v li sut c nh
FVSCHEDULE (principal, schedule) : Tnh gi tr kz hn ca mt vn ban u sau khi p dng

mt chui cc li sut kp (tnh gi tr kz hn cho mt u t c li sut thay i)
INTRATE (settlement, maturity, investment, redemption, basis) : Tnh li sut cho mt chng
khon u t ton b
IPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tr v khon thanh ton li cho mt u t a trn
vic chi tr c nh theo kz v da trn li sut khng i
IRR (values, guess) : Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt chui cc lu ng tin mt c th

hin bi cc tr s
ISPMT (rate, per, nper, pv) : Tnh s tin li tr ti mt kz no i vi mt khon vay

c li sut khng i, sau khi tr s tin gc phi tr cho kz .
MDURATION (settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis) : Tnh thi hn Macauley
sa i cho chng khon da trn ng mnh gi $100
MIRR (values, finance_rate, reinvest_rate) : Tnh t sut doanh li ni ti trong mt chui

lun chuyn tin mt theo chu kz
NOMINAL (effect_rate, npery) : Tnh li sut anh ngha hng nm, bit trc li sut thc
t v cc kz tnh li kp mi nm
NPER (rate, pmt, pv, fv, type) : Tnh s kz hn tr khon vay trong u t a trn tng
chu kz, s tin tr v t sut li tc c nh
NPV (rate, value1, value2, ...) : Tnh hin gi rng ca mt khon u t bng cch s dng
t l chiu khu vi cc chi khon tr kz hn (tr m) v thu nhp (tr ng)
80
ODDFPRICE (settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon, rate, yld, redemption, frequency,

basis) : Tnh gi tr trn mi ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon c kz u tin l (ngn
hn hay di hn)
ODDFYIELD (settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon, rate, pr, redemption, frequency,

basis) : Tr v li nhun ca mt chng khon c kz tnh li u tin l l (ngn hn hay di
hn)
ODDLPRICE (settlement, maturity, last_interest, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) :

Tnh gi tr trn mi ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon c kz tnh li phiu cui cng l l
(ngn hn hay di hn)
ODDLYIELD (settlement, maturity, last_interest, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) :

Tnh li nhun ca chng khon c kz cui cng l l (ngn hn hay di hn)
PMT (rate, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tnh tin phi tr i vi khon vay c li sut khng i v
chi tr u n
PPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tnh khon vn thanh ton trong mt kz hn cho i
vi mt khon u t, trong vic chi tr c thc hin u n theo nh kz vi mt li
sut khng i
PRICE (settlement, maturity, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh gi tr chng
khon trn ng mnh gi $100, thanh ton li tc theo chu kz
PRICEDISC (settlement, maturity, discount, redemption, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn ng mnh

gi $100 ca mt chng khon chit khu
PRICEMAT (settlement, maturity, issue, rate, yld, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn ng mnh gi
$100 ca mt chng khon phi thanh ton li vo ngy o hn
PV (rate, nper, pmt, fv, type) : Tnh gi tr hin ti ca mt khon u t
RATE (nper, pmt, pv, fv, type, guess) : Tnh li sut mi kz trong mt nin kim
REVEICED (settlement, maturity, investment, discount, basis) : Tnh s tin nhn c vo

kz hn thanh ton cho mt chng khon u t ton b
SLN (cost, salvage, life) : Tnh chi ph khu hao (theo phng php ng thng) ca mt ti
sn trong mt kz
81
SYD (cost, salvage, life, per) : Tnh khu hao theo gi tr cn li ca ti sn trong nh kz xc
nh
TBILLEQ (settlement, maturity, discount) : Tnh li nhun tng ng vi tri phiu cho tri
phiu kho bc
TBILLPRICE (settlement, maturity, discount) : Tnh gi tr ng mnh gi $100 cho tri phiu
kho bc
TBILLYIELD (settlement, maturity, pr) : Tnh li nhun cho tri phiu kho bc
VDB (cost, salvage, life, start_period, end_period, factor, no_switch) : Tnh khu hao ti sn
s dng trong nhiu kz
XIRR (values, dates, guess) : Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt lot lu ng tin mt khng
nh kz
XNPV (rate, values, dates) : Tnh t gi rng cho mt y lu ng tin mt khng nh kz
YIELD (settlement, maturity, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh li nhun i vi
chng khon tr li theo nh kz
YIELDDISC (settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) : Tnh li nhun hng nm cho
chng khon chit khu
YIELDMAT (settlement, maturity, issue, rate, pr, basis) : Tnh li nhun hng nm ca chng
khon tr li vo ngy o hn
e. Danh mc cc Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch
DAVERAGE (database, field, criteria) : Tnh trung bnh cc gi tr trong mt ct ca danh sch
hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DCOUNT ( atabase, fiel , criteria) : m cc cha s liu trong mt ct ca danh sch hay
cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DCOUNTA (database, field, criteria) : m cc "khng rng" trong mt ct ca danh sch

hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DGET (database, field, criteria) : Trch mt gi tr t mt ct ca mt anh sch hay c s d

liu, khp vi iu kin c ch nh.
82
DMAX (database, field, criteria) : Tr v tr ln nht trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay

ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DMIN (database, field, criteria) : Tr v tr nh nht trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay

DRODUCT (database, field, criteria) : Nhn cc gi tr trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay

DSTDEV ( atabase, fiel , criteria) : c lng lch chun ca mt tp hp theo mu,

bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu,
theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DSTDEVP ( atabase, fiel , criteria) : Tnh lch chun ca mt tp hp theo ton th cc

tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s
d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DSUM (database, field, criteria) : Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt

c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DVAR ( atabase, fiel , criteria) : c lng s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn mt

mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d
liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DVARP (database, field, criteria) : Tnh ton s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn ton th
tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s
d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
GETPIVOTDATA (data_field, pivot_table, field1, item1, field2, item2,...) : Tr v d liu c

lu gi trong bo co PivotTable. C th ng GETP VOTDATA ly d liu tng kt t mt
bo co PivotTable, vi iu kin l phi thy c d liu tng kt t trong bo co .
Ni chung v Cc Hm Qun l{ C s d liu v Danh sch
Microsoft Excel cung cp nhiu hm dng cho vic phn tch d liu trong anh sch hay c
s d liu. Nhng hm ny bt u bng ch D.
Mi hm u s dng 3 i s l database, field v criteria; nhng i s ny l cc tham

chiu n cc mng trong bng tnh.
83
* database : L mt dy cc to nn anh sch hay c s d liu. Mt c s d liu l mt

danh sch d liu gm nhng mu tin, v c ct d liu l cc trng (fiel ). Dng u tin
trong danh sch lun cha tn trng.
* field : Cho bit ct no c s dng trong hm. field c th c cho dng text vi tn
ct c trong cp du ngoc k p (nh "Age", "Yiel "...) hay l s i din cho v tr ca
ct (1, 2, ...)
* criteria : L mt dy cc cha iu kin. C th dng bt c dy no cho phn iu kin

ny, min l y c t nht mt tn ct v mt bn i tn ct lm iu kin cho
hm (xem thm bi Mt s v d v cch ng Criteria nhp iu kin sau y).
HM NGY THNG V THI GIAN
Mt s lu { khi s dng ngy thng v thi gian trong Excel:
Excel h tr tnh ton ngy thng cho Windows v Macintosh. Windows dng h ngy bt
u t 1900. Macitosh dng h ngy bt u t 1904. Ti liu ny c din gii theo h
ngy 1900 dnh cho Windows.
H thng ngy gi Excel ph thuc vo thit lp trong Regional Options ca Control Panel.
Mc nh l h thng ca M "Thng/Ngy/Nm" ( / /yyyy). Bn c th sa li thnh h
thng ngy ca VN "Ngy/Thng/Nm" ( / /yyyy).
Khi bn nhp mt gi tr ngy thng khng hp l n s tr thnh mt chui vn bn. Cng

thc tham chiu ti gi tr s tr v li.
=NOW() Cho hin ngy gi ca h thng
=TODAY() Cho ngy ca h thng
=DAY(D) Cho gi tr ngy ca D (Tr v th t ca ngy trong thng t mt gi tr kiu ngy

thng)
=MONTH(D) Cho gi tr thng ca D
=YEAR(D) Cho gi tr nm ca D
=DAYS360(BTNT1, BTNT2) Tnh s ngy gia 2 mc ngy thng da trn c s mt nm c

360 ngy.
84
=EDATE Tr v mc thi gian xy ra trc hoc sau mc ch nh
=EOMONTH Tr v ngy cui cng ca thng xy ra trc hoc sau mc ch nh
Hm HOUR()
Cho bit s ch gi trong mt gi tr thi gian
C php: = HOUR(serial_number)
serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian
V d: HOUR(0.5) = 12 (gi)
Hm MINUTE()
Cho bit s ch pht trong mt gi tr thi gian
C php: = MINUTE(serial_number)
V d: By gi l 10:20 PM, MINUTE(NOW()) = 20 (pht)
=MONTH Tr v s thng ca mt gi tr kiu ngy thng.
=NETWORKDAYS Tr v s ngy lm vic trong mc thi gian a ra sau khi tr i ngy ngh
v ngy l.
=NOW Tr v ngy gi hin ti trong h thng ca bn.
Hm SECOND()
Cho bit s ch giy trong mt gi tr thi gian
C php: = SECOND(serial_number)
V d: SECOND("2:45:30 PM") = 30 (giy)
Hm TIME()
Tr v mt gi tr thi gian no
C php: = TIME(hour, minute, second)
85
hour: S ch gi, l mt con s t 0 n 23. Nu ln hn 23, Excel s t tr i mt bi s ca

24.
minute: S ch pht, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v tng s

gi ln tng ng.
second: S ch giy, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v tng s

pht, s gi ln tng ng.
V d:
TIME(14, 45, 30) = 2:45:30 PM
TIME(14, 65, 30) = 3:05:30 PM
TIME(25, 85, 75) = 2:26:15 AM
* Cng nh DATE(), hm T E() rt hu dng khi hour, minute, second l nhng cng thc
m khng phi l mt con s, n s gip chng ta tnh ton chnh xc hn
Hm TIMEVALUE()
Chuyn i mt chui vn bn c dng thi gian thnh mt gi tr thi gian c th tnh

ton c
C php: = TIMEVALUE(time_text)
time_text: Chui vn bn cn chuyn i
V d:
TIMEVALUE("26:15") = 0.09375 (= 2:15:00 AM)
=WEEKDAY Tr v s th t ca ngy trong tun t gi tr ngy thng.
=WEEKNUM Tr v s th t ca tun trong nm t gi tr ngy thng.
=WORKDAY Tr v ngy lm vic xy ra trc hoc sau mc thi gian a ra.
Trong cng vic hng ngy, chc hn chng ta hay ngh n chuyn vic lm ny ca mnh
mt ht my phn trm ca mt nm, v , mt ngy ng ht 6 ting, l 1/4 ngy, vy mt
nm ch ng ta ng ht 25% (hic) thi gian...
86
Hoc mt nhn vin ca cng ty xin ngh vic vo thng 5, lng tnh theo nm, vy cng ty
phi tr cho ngi bao nhiu phn trm lng khi cho ngh vic?
Excel c mt hm tnh t l ca mt khong thi gian trong mt nm, v cho ph p tnh

theo nhiu kiu (nm 365 ngy, hay nm 360 ngy, tnh theo kiu M hay theo kiu chu
u...):
Hm YEARFRAC()
(Dch t ch Year: nm, v Frac = Fraction: t l)
C php: = YEARFRAC(start_date, end_date [, basis])
start_ ate, en _ ate: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca khong
thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt
cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng i dng text.
basis: Mt con s, quy nh kiu tnh:
* 0 : (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu Bc M, mt nm c 360 ngy chia cho 12
thng, mt thng c 30 ngy.
* 1 : Tnh ton theo s ngy thc t ca nm v s ngy thc t ca tng thng
* 2 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 360 ngy, nhng s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thng
* 3 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 365 ngy, v s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thng
* 4 : Tnh ton theo kiu Chu u,mi thng c 30 ngy (nu start_date hoc end_date m
ri vo ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng )
V d: Tnh t l gia ngy 15/3/2010 v ngy 30/7/2010 so vi 1 nm:
YEARFRAC("15/3/2010", "30/7/2010") = 37%
Tnh s ngy chnh lch theo kiu mt nm c 360 ngy
Hin nay, vn cn mt s h thng k ton dng kiu tnh thi gian l mt thng coi nh c
30 ngy v mt nm coi nh c 360 ngy!
Gp trng hp ny, vic tnh ton thi gian s khng n gin, v thc t th s ngy trong
mi thng u c ging nhau.
87
C l v ngh n chuyn , nn Excel c mt hm dnh ring cho cc h thng k ton da

trn c s mt nm c 360 ngy, l hm DAYS360.
Hm DAYS360()
C php: = DAYS360(start_date, end_date [, method])
start_ ate, en _ ate: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca khong
thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt
cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng i dng text.
method: Mt gi tr logic (TRUE, FALSE) ch cch tnh ton, theo kiu chu u hay theo
kiu M.
* FALSE: (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu M: Nu start_date l ngy 31 ca thng, th
n c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng . Nu end_date l ngy 31 ca thng v start_date
nh hn 30, th en _ ate c i thnh ngy 1 ca thng k tip.
* TRUE: Tnh ton theo kiu chu u: H start_date hoc en _ ate m ri vo ngy 31 ca
mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng .
V d: So snh s ngy chnh lch gia 01/01/2008 v 31/5/2008 theo kiu mt nm c 360
ngy v theo kiu thng (dng hm DATEDIF)
DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008") = 150
DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", TRUE) = 149
DATEDIF("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", "d") = 151
Tnh s ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian
Bnh thng, nu ly ngy thng tr ngy thng, kt qu s bao gm lun nhng ngy l,
ngy ngh, v.v... Cn nu tnh s ngy lm vic trong mt khong thi gian, th phi tr bt
i nhng ngy khng lm vic.
Trong Excel c mt hm chuyn tnh ton nhng ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian
m khng bao gm cc ngy th By, Ch Nht v nhng ngy ngh khc c ch nh:
Hm NETWORKDAYS ( ng nguyn ngha ca n: net workdays).
88
D nhin hm ny ch thch hp vi nhng c quan lm vic 5 ngy mt tun, ch nh ch ng

ta, lm tut, c khi l 365 ngy mt nm (hic) th hm ny v tc ng!
Hm NETWORKDAYS()
C php: = NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date [, holidays])
start_ ate, en _ ate: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc cng vic. Nn
nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s
xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng i dng text.
holidays: Danh sch nhng ngy ngh ngoi nhng ngy th By v Ch Nht. Danh sch ny
c th l mt vng c t tn. Nu nhp trc tip th phi b trong cp du mc {}.
V d: Cng thc tnh s ngy lm vic gia ngy 1/12/2010 v ngy 10/1/2011, trong c
ngh ngy Noel (25/12) v ngy Tt Ty (1/1):
= NETWORKDAYS("01/12/2010", "10/01/2011", {"12/25/2007", "1/1/2011"})
Hm DATEDIF()
C l cch d nht khi mun tnh ton ngy thng nm l ng hm DATED F().
C php: = DATEDIF(start_day, end_day, unit)
start_ ay: Ngy u
end_day: Ngy cui (phi ln hn ngy u)
unit: Chn loi kt qu tr v (khi dng trong hm phi g trong du ngoc kp)
y : s nm chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui
m : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui
d : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui
md : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v thng ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm
v s thng
ym : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm v s

ngy
yd : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm
89
V d:
DATED F("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "y") = 100 (nm)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "m") = 1211 (thng)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "d") = 36889 (ngy)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "md") = 30 (= ngy 31 - ngy 1)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "ym") = 11 (= thng 12 - thng 1)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "yd") = 365 (= ngy 31/12 - ngy 1/1)
*Tnh tui (2):
bi trc, ti a ra mt ci cng thc tnh tui i thong nh vy:
= YEAR(NOW() - YEAR(Birthdate) - (DATE(YEAR(NOW()), MONTH(Birthdate), DAY(Birthdate))

> TODAY())
l khi cha bit n hm DATEDIF().
By gi, vi DATEDIF(), cng thc trn ch ngn nh vy thi, m ra kt qu vn chnh xc:
= DATEDIF(Birthdate, TODAY(), "y")
V d, hm nay l ngy 09/01/2007:
* Vi ngy sinh l 05/01/1969 ( t chc sinh nht ri), DATEDIF("05/01/1969", TODAY(),

"y") = 39
* Nhng vi ngy sinh l 11/1/1969 (cha t chc sinh nht), DATEDIF("11/01/1969",

TODAY(), "y") = 38
*Tm mt gi, ph t, giy no tnh t lc ny
Nh ti ni trn, hm TIME() s t ng iu chnh kt qu ca mt gi tr thi gian khi

nhng thng s trong hm khng hp l (gi > 24, ph t v giy > 60). V o , khi cn tnh
ton hoc tm mt gi tr thi gian no k t lc ny (hoc bt kz l c no), ngi ta
thng s dng hm TIME().
V d, cng thc sau y s cho ra kt qu l thi gian vo 12 ting na k t lc ny:
= TIME(HOUR(NOW()) + 12, MINUTE(NOW()), SECOND(NOW()))

90
Khng ging nh hm DATE(), bn khng th n gin cng thm gi, pht, hay giy trong
hm TIME(). V d cng thc sau y ch lm mi chuyn l tng thm 1 ngy vo ngy thng
nm v thi gian hin ti:
= NOW() + 1
Nu bn mun cng thm gi, pht, hay giy vo mt gi tr thi gian, bn phi tnh thi
gian cng thm theo mt t l ca mt ngy. V d, bi v mt ngy th c 24 gi, nn
mt gi c tnh nh l 1/24. Cng vy, bi v mt gi th c 60 pht, nn mt pht s
c tnh nh l 1/24/60 (ca mt ngy). V cui cng, bi v c 60 giy trong mt pht,
nn 1 giy trong mt ngy s c tnh bng 1/24/60/60.
*Tnh tng thi gian
Khi tnh tng thi gian, bn nn phn bit hai trng hp sau y:
* Cng thm gi, pht, giy: V d, by gi l 8 gi, cng thm 2 ting na, l 10 gi... Hoc
by gi l 23 gi, cng thm 3 ting na l 2 gi sng (ch khng phi 26 gi)... Nu cng
kiu ny th bn c cng bnh thng, dng hm TIME() v nu cn th theo bng hng dn
trn.
* Cng tng thi gian lm vic: Mi ngy ti lm vic 18 ting, vy hai ngy ti lm my
ting? l 36 ting. Nhng nu bn ng format bnh thng dng thi gian th Excel n s t
quy ra (36-24) = 12:00... c kt qu l 36:00, bn phi nh dng thi gian cho theo
kiu:
[h]:mm:ss (gi nm trong mt cp du ngoc vung)
Ly li nh dng ngy thng
i khi, bn nhn c mt ci database m khng hiu v mt l{ o g , cell cha ngy

thng nm n nh sau: 20070823,
ngha l n c nh dng theo kiu YYYYMMDD.
Trng hp ny, khng th dng Format Cell ca Excel nh dng li, m bn phi dng
n hm DATE(year, month, day)
v cc hm x l text, v d hm LEFT(), D() v R GHT() ly cc tr s ngy, thng, nm

cho hm DATE():
91
Ti gi s con s 20070823 ny ang nm cell A1, th cng thc LEFT(A1, 4) s cho ta tr s

ca nm, D(A1, 3, 2) s cho tr s ca thng
v RIGHT(A1, 2) s cho tr s ca ngy.
Gi s trong Control Panel ca bn nh dng ngy thng nm theo kiu dd/mm/yyyy, v

cell nhn kt qu ca bn c nh dng theo kiu ngy thng nm,
bn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) vi 3 tham s l 3 cng thc va lm trn, ta s c:
=DATE(LEFT(A1, 4), D(A1, 5, 2), R GHT(A1, 2)) 23/8/2007
HM TM KIM V THAM CHIU
Bao gm cc hm tm kim v tham chiu rt hu ch khi bn lm vic vi CSDL ln trong

E CEL nh k ton, tnh lng, thu...
=ADDRESS(row_num, column_num *, abs_num+ *, a1+ *, sheet_text+) Dng to a ch

dng chui k t, theo ch s dng v ch s ct c cung cp.
row_num: S th t dng ca a ch
column_num: S th t ct ca a ch
abs_num: Kiu a ch (tuyt i hay tng i) - mc nh l tuyt i
a1: Dng a ch (=TRUE: dng A1; =FALSE: dng R1C1) - mc nh l TRUE
sheet_text: Tn ca sheet cha a ch - mc nh l khng c
=AREAS(reference) Tr v s vng tham chiu trong mt tham chiu. Mi vng tham chiu
c th l mt ri rc hoc l mt dy lin tc trong bng tnh.
reference: L mt hoc nhiu vng tham chiu m bn cn m. Nu mun a nhiu vng

ri rc nhau vo cng thc th bn phn cch chng bng du phy, nu khng ngn bng
du phy, Excel s khng m (xem v d 3 i y)
=CHOOSE Tr v gi tr trong mng gi tr ti v tr c ch nh.
=COLUMN(reference) Tr v s th t ct ca u tin gc trn bn tri ca vng tham

chiu.
92
reference: L hoc mt vng nhiu . Nu reference b trng th COLUMN() tr v s th

t ct ca cha cng thc.
=COLUMNS(array) Tr v s ct ca vng tham chiu.
array: L hoc mt vng nhiu , mng tham chiu
=HYPERLINK(link_location, friendly_name) To mt siu lin kt, mt lin kt m mt ti

liu...
link_location: ng dn n ti liu cn m, nhp dng chui k t. Link_location c th

ch n mt c bit, tn ca mt dy trong mt trang bng tnh hoc mt bng tnh,
hoc ch n mt nh u (bookmark) trong Microsoft Excel. Link_location cng c th ch
n mt tp tin lu trn cng, hoc mt ng dn truy xut ni b trn mt my ch
hoc mt ng dn ti nguyn URL trn mng intranet, internet.
- Link_location c th l mt chui k t t trong du nhy kp, hoc mt no cha

ng dn i dng chui k t.
- Nu link_location lin kt n mt ti nguyn khng tn ti, s xut hin li khi bn kch

vo cha hm HYPERLINK() ny.
firendly_name: L ni dung hin th trong cha hm HYPERLINK(), c th l mt s, hoc

chui k t. Ni dung ny s hin th bng mu xanh v c gch chn, nu khng c
firendly_name th chnh link_location s hin th.
- Firendly_name c th l mt gi tr, mt chui k t, mt tn mng, hoc mt lin kt

n mt gi tr hoc mt chui vn bn.
- Nu firendly_name lin kt n mt gi tr b li, th chnh tn ci li s c hin th

thay th cho ni dung bn cn.
V d:
=HYPERLINK("http://example.microsoft.com/report/bu dget report.xls", "Click for report")
s hin th: Click for report, v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh budget
report.xls ca trang web http://example.microsoft.com/report
=HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10)
93
s hin th ni dung ca F10 v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh book2.xls
th mc GPE ca F
=HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10)
s hin th ni dung ca F10 v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh book2.xls
th mc GPE ca F
=MATCH Tr v v tr ca mt gi tr trong bng d liu
=INDEX Tr v mt gi tr trong bng d liu tng ng vi ch mc ca n.
Tm kim trong nhiu ct
i khi, cc liu ng tm kim khng nm mt ct m trong nhiu ct.
V d, bn c mt anh sch c tch sn h v tn ring ra hai ct.
Ngi ta yu cu da vo h v tn xc nh chc v.
Chng ta c th dng mt ct ph ni h v tn li ri tm theo ct ph... Nhng c l

khng cn, v ti s dng hm INDEX() v MATCH() vi cng thc mng.
Hm MATCH() c mt c php t ngi bit n, l:
=MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type)
value1 & value2 l cc d liu tm (v d h v tn)
array1 & array2 l cc ct (hoc hng) cha cc d liu ng tm kim
V y l c php ng INDEX() ghp vi MATCH() trong cng thc mng:
{=INDEX(reference, MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type))}
=INDIRECT(ref_text [, a1])
ref_text l tham chiu ti mt (c th l dng A1 hoc dng R1C1), l tn nh ngha ca

mt tham chiu, hoc l mt tham chiu dng chui.
-Nu ref_text khng hp l, INDIRECT() s bo li #REF!
-Nu ref_text cha tham chiu n mt bng tnh khc th bng tnh ny phi ang m, nu
khng, ND RECT() cng bo li #REF!
94
a1 l gi tr logic xc nh dng tham chiu bn trong ref_text.
a1 = TRUE (hoc l 1, hoc khng nhp) l kiu tham chiu A1
a1 = FALSE (hoc l 2) l kiu tham chiu R1C1
Tr v gi tr ca mt tham chiu t chui k t. Tham chiu c tr v ngay tc thi

hin th ni dung ca ch ng. Cng c th dng hm INDIRECT khi mun thay i tham chiu
ti mt bn trong mt cng thc m khng cn thay i cng thc .
=LOOKUP D tm mt gi tr
Hm LOOKUP
Dng d tm mt gi tr t mt dng hoc mt ct trong mt dy hoc mt mng gi

tr.
Hm LOOKUP() c hai dng: Vec-t (vector form) v ng (array form)
* Dng Vec-t: LOOKUP() tm kim trn mt dng hoc mt ct, nu tm thy s tr v gi tr

ca cng v tr trn dng (hoc ct) c ch nh.
* Dng Mng: LOOKUP() tm kim trn dng (hoc ct) u tin ca mt mng gi tr, nu
tm thy s tr v gi tr ca cng v tr trn dng (hoc ct) cui cng trong mng .
Vector form (dng vec-t)
C php: LOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_vector, result_vector)
lookup_value: L gi tr LOOKUP() s tm kim trong lookup_vector. N c th l mt s, mt

k t, mt gi tr logic, mt tn c nh ngha ca mt vng hoc mt tham chiu
n mt gi tr.
lookup_vector: L mt vng m ch gm mt dng (hoc mt ct) c cha lookup_value.

Nhng gi tr cha trong vng ny c th l mt s, mt k t hoc mt gi tr logic.
- lookup_vector phi c sp xp theo th t tng n, nu khng, LOOKUP() c th cho

kt qu khng chnh xc.
- Nu khng tm thy lookup_value trong lookup_vector th LOOKUP() s ly gi tr ln nht

m nh hn hoc bng lookup_value.
95
- Nu lookup_value nh hn gi tr nh nht trong lookup_vector th LOOKUP() s bo li

#NA!
result_vector: L mt vng m ch gm mt dng (hoc mt ct) cha gi tr tr v. Kch

thc ca result_vector bt buc phi bng kch thc ca lookup_vector.
^^ Array form (dng mng)
C php: LOOKUP(lookup_value, array)
lookup_value: L gi tr LOOKUP() s tm kim trong array. N c th l mt s, mt k t,

mt gi tr logic, mt tn c nh ngha ca mt vng hoc mt tham chiu n mt
gi tr.
- Nu khng tm thy lookup_value trong array th LOOKUP() s ly gi tr ln nht m nh

hn hoc bng lookup_value.
- Nu lookup_value nh hn gi tr nh nht trong ct hoc hng u tin trong array th

LOOKUP() s bo li #NA!
array: L mt vng cha lookup_value, c th l s, k t, hoc gi tr logic.
Dng mng ca LOOKUP() gn tng ng nh hm VLOOKUP() hoc HLOOKUP().
Khc bit ch VLOOKUP() v HLOOKUP() tm kim trn ct (hoc ng) u tin, cn

LOOKUP() tm kim trn ct hoc trn dng ty thuc vo dng mng c khai bo:
- Nu array l mng c s ct nhiu hn s dng th LOOKUP() s tm trn ng u tin.
- Nu array l mng c s dng nhiu hn s ct th LOOKUP() s tm trn ct u tin.
- Trng hp array l mng c s dng bng s ct th LOOKUP() s tm trn ct u tin.
- VLOOKUP() v HLOOKUP() ly kt qu trn ct (hoc) ng c ch nh, cn LOOKUP()

lun lun ly kt qu trn dng (hoc ct) cui cng.
- Cc gi tr trn dng (hoc ct) u tin ca array phi c sp xp theo th t tng n,

nu khng, LOOKUP() c th cho kt qu khng chnh xc.
Hm GETPIVOTDATA()
96
Tr v d liu c lu gi trong bo co PivotTable. C th ng GETP VOTDATA() ly

d liu tng kt t mt bo co PivotTable, vi iu kin l phi thy c d liu tng kt
t trong bo co .
nhanh chng nhp cng thc GETPIVOTDATA(), bn c th g du = vo mun nhn d

liu tng kt, ri nhp vo cha s liu tng kt ca bo co PivotTable.
C php: = GETPIVOTDATA(data_field, pivot_table, field1, item1, field2, item2,...)
ata_fiel : Tn trng cha d liu tng kt ca bo co PivotTable. Tn ny phi c t

trong mt cp du nhy kp.
pivot_data : Tham chiu n mt , dy , hoc tn dy bn trong mt bo co

PivotTable. Thng tin ny c ng xc nh bo co PivotTable no cha d liu tr
v.
field1, item1, field2, item2,... : C th c t 1 n 126 (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s
ny ch l 14) cp tn field v item m t d liu mun tr v. Nhng cp ny c th thuc
bt c loi no. Nu tn field v item khng l ngy thng hoc s liu, cn phi t chng
trong cp du nhy k p. i vi loi bo co OLAP PivotTable, items c th bao gm y
ng dn ln tn ca item. Mt cp field v item ca OLAP PivotTable c th nh sau:
"[Product]","[Product].[All Products].[Foods].[Baked Goods]"
Lu {:
* Cc field hay item tnh ton v cc php tnh t to c th c t trong php tnh
GETPIVOTDATA.
* Nu pivot_table l mt dy c cha nhiu hn 1 bo co PivotTable, liu tr v s l t

bo co c to ra sau cng.
* Nu i s fiel v cc i s ca item m t ch mi mt , gi tr ca s c tr v
m khng cn bit gi tr l chui, l s, l li, hay l mt th g ...
* Nu item cha ngy thng, gi tr phi c biu din i dng mt chui s hoc c
thit lp bng cch ng hm DATE() gi tr s khng bin i khi bng tnh c m
mt my khc, c h thng nh dng ngy thng khc vi ni to ra n. V d, mt item
97
tham chiu ti ngy 5 thng 3 nm 1999 c th c nhp l 36224 hay DATE(1999, 3, 5).
Thi gian c th c nhp nh mt gi tr thp phn hoc bng cch dng hm TIME().
* Nu pivot_table khng phi l mt dy c cha bo co PivotTable, GETPIVOTDATA() s

tr v li #REF!
* Nu cc i s miu t mt field khng th thy c, hoc nu chng gm mt trng

khng hin th, GETP VOTDATA() cng s tr v li #REF!
Hm DGET()
Trch mt gi tr t mt ct ca mt anh sch hay c s d liu, khp vi iu kin c

ch nh.
C php: = DGET(database, field, criteria)
=OFFSET(reference, rows, cols [, height] [, width]) Tr v mt vng tham chiu t mt vng

xut pht.
y l mt trong nhng hm rt hay ca Excel, v c ng dng rt nhiu.
N ng tham chiu n mt vng no , bt u t mt , hoc mt dy , vi mt

khong cch c ch nh.
reference: L vng m bn mun lm im xut pht tham chiu n vng khc.

Reference phi ch n mt hoc mt dy lin tc, nu khng, hm s bo li #VALUE!
rows: S dng di ln (hoc xung) tnh t reference, nhp s ng nu mun di xung,

hoc s m nu mun di ln.
cols: S ct di sang phi tri (hoc phi) tnh t reference, nhp s ng nu mun di
sang phi, hoc s m nu mun di sang tri.
height: L s ng ( cao) ca vng tham chiu cn tr v.
width: L s ct ( rng) ca vng tham chiu cn tr v.
Ghi ch:
* Nu s dng (rows) hoc ct (cols) vt ra ngoi phm vi bng tnh, hm s bo li #REF!
* cao (height) v rng (width) nu khng nhp, th xem nh n bng vi cao v

rng ca vng xut pht (reference)
98
=ROW(reference) Tr v s th t dng ca u tin trong dy . Tr v s th t dng

ca u tin gc trn bn tri ca vng tham chiu.
reference: L hoc mt vng nhiu . Nu reference b trng th ROW() tr v s th t

ct ca cha cng thc.
=ROWS(array) Tr v s dng ca vng tham chiu.
array: L hoc mt vng nhiu , mng tham chiu
=TRANSPOSE(array) Chuyn mt vng d liu ngang thnh dc v ngc li.
Hm TRANSPOSE() lun lun c nhp dng cng thc mng (nhn Ctrl-Shift-Enter sau
khi nhp)
array: L mng d liu cn hon chuyn
Nu s ct trong vng nhp cng thc nhiu hn s hng ca array, hoc s hng trong
vng nhp cng thc nhiu hn s ct ca array, hm s bo li #NA ti nhng b ra.
=VLOOKUP(gi tr tm, vng cn tm, ct cn ly, cch tm) D tm mt gi tr trn ct u

tin v tr v ...
Hm tm kim v tham chiu theo ct.
Vng cn tm: thng ch gi tr tuyt i: $
Ct cn ly: vng cn tm.
Cch tm: Tm theo 2 gi tr:
0: Ct bn tri ca vng cn tm khng sp xp (ngm nh)
1: Sp xp tng n.
=HLOOKUP(gi tr tm, vng cn tm, hng cn ly, cch tm) D tm mt gi tr trn hng u
tin v tr v ... - ging hm VLOOKUP
f. HM TON HC V LNG GIC
Bao gm cc hm v ton hc v lng gic gip bn c th gii mt bi ton i s, gii

tch, hoc lng gic t tiu hc n i hc...
99
Lu { n quy cch hin th s ca VN v ca US. lun nhp p mt gi tr kiu s bn

hy s dng bn phm s.
=ABS Tnh tr tuyt i ca mt s
=ACOS Tnh nghch o cosin
=ACOSH Tnh nghch o cosin hyperbol
=ASIN Tnh nghch o sin
=ASINH Tnh nghch o sin hyperbol
=ATAN Tnh nghch o tang
=ATAN2 Tnh nghch o tang vi ta
=ATANH Tnh nghch o tang hyperbol
=CE L NG L trn n bi s gn nht
=COMBIN Tnh t hp t s phn t chn
=COS Tnh cosin ca mt gc
=COSH Tnh cosin hyperbol
=DEGREES i radians sang
=EVEN Lm trn mt s n s nguyn chn gn nht.
=E P Tnh ly tha c s e
=FACT Tnh giai tha ca mt s
=FACTDOUBLE Tnh ly tha cp 2
=FLOOR Lm trn xung n bi s gn nht do bn ch.
=GCD Tm c s chung ln nht
=INT(X) Lm trn xung s nguyn gn nht (Hm ly gi tr l phn nguyn-Hm cho gi tr

l phn nguyn ca X)
=LCM Tm bi s chung nh nht
=LN Tnh logarit c s t nhin ca mt s

100
=LOG Tnh logarit
=LOG10 Tnh logarit c s 10
= DETER Tnh nh thc ca ma trn
=MINVERSE Tm ma trn nghch o
=MMULT Tnh tch 2 ma trn
=MOD(a,b) Hm cho gi tr l phn ca php chia a:b
=MROUND Lm trn mt s n bi s ca s khc.
=MULTINOMIAL T l giai tha tng vi tch cc giai tha ca cc s.
=ODD Lm trn n mt s nguyn l gn nht.
=PI Tr v gi tr pi
=POWER Tnh ly tha ca mt s
=PRODUCT Tnh tch cc s
=QUOTIENT Ly phn nguyn ca php chia
=RAD ANS i sang radians.
=RAND Tr v mt s ngu nhin trong khong 0 v 1
=RANDBETWEEN Tr v mt s ngu nhin trong khong do bn ch nh
Hm ROMAN()
Dng chuyn i mt s dng -rp sang dng s La-m
C php: = ROMAN(number, form)
number: S cn chuyn i
form: dng chuyn i
0 (hoc TRUE, hoc khng nhp): Dng c in
1 cho n 3: Dng c in nhng c rt gn, s cng ln rt gn cng nhiu (xem thm

v d)
4 (hoc FALSE): Dng hin i

101
Ch :
* number phi l s ng, nu number < 0 hm s bo li #VALUE!
* Nu number l s thp phn, ROMAN() ch chuyn i phn nguyn ca n
* Hm ROMAN() ch x l{ c ti s ln nht l 3999, nu number > 3999 hm s bo li

#VALUE!
* Sau khi chuyn i, kt qu s l mt d liu dng text, v khng th tnh ton vi n

c na
V d:
ROMAN(499, 0) = CDXCIX = ROMAN(499) = ROMAN(499, TRUE)
ROMAN(499, 1) = LDVLIV
ROMAN(499, 2) = XDIX
ROMAN(499, 3) = VDIV
ROMAN(499, 4) = ID = ROMAN(499, FALSE)
ROMAN(2008) = MMVIII
=ROUND(X,n) Hm lm trn n s ca X
Nu n ng (n>0) s lm trn s bn phi k t v tr du chm thp phn.
Nu n m (n<0) s lm trn s bn tri k t v tr du chm thp phn.
=ROUNDDOWN Lm trn mt s hng xung zero
=ROUNDUP Lm trn mt s hng ra xa zero.
=SIN Tnh sin ca mt gc
=SINH Tnh sin hyperbol ca mt s
=SUM Tnh tng ca cc s
=DSUM (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh tng trong ct gi tr tho mn
iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu.
VD: Tnh tng tin lng nhng ngi 26 tui.
102
Hm SUMIF()
Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha mt iu kin cho trc.
C php: = SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range)
Range : Dy cc tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc

cha s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua.
Criteria : iu kin tnh tng. C th dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th
l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v...
Sum_range : L vng thc s tnh tng. Nu b qua, Excel s coi nh sum_range = range.
Lu {:
* Sum_range khng nht thit phi cng kch thc vi range. Vng thc s tnh tng
c xc nh bng u tin pha trn bn tri ca sum_range, v bao gm thm nhng
tng ng vi kch thc ca range. V d:
- Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B5, th vng thc s tnh tng l B1:B5
- Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B3, th vng thc s tnh tng l B1:B5
- Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D4, th vng thc s tnh tng l C1:D4
- Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D2, th vng thc s tnh tng l C1:D4
* C th dng cc k t i din trong iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i

din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~
trc du ? hay *).
* Khi iu kin tnh tng l nhng k t, SUMIF() khng phn bit ch thng hay ch
hoa.
Hm SUMIFS()
Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha nhiu iu kin cho trc.
C php: = SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2, ...)
Sum_range : Dy cc tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc

cha s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua.
103
Criteria_range1, criteria_range2... : C th c t 1 n 127 vng ng lin kt vi cc

iu kin cho vng.
Criteria1, criteria2... : C th c t 1 n 127 iu kin tnh tng. Chng c th dng s,

biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v...
Lu {:
* Mi trong sum_range ch c tnh tng nu tt c cc iu kin tng ng vi

u ng. Nu tha cc iu kin, n s bng 1, cn khng, th n bng 0.
* Khng ging nh nhng i s range v criteria ca hm SUMIF, trong hm SUMIFS, mi

vng criteria_range phi c cng kch thc v hnh dng ging nh sum_range.
* C th dng cc k t i din trong cc iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i

din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~
trc du ? hay *)
* Khi iu kin m l nhng k t, SUMIFS() khng phn bit ch thng hay ch hoa.
Hm SUMSQ()
Dng tnh tng cc bnh phng ca cc s
C php: = SUMSQ(number1, number2, ...)
number1, number2, ... : C th ng n 255 tham s (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc, con s
ny ch l 30)
Cc tham s (number) c th l mt s, l mt mng, mt tn, hay l mt tham chiu n

mt cha s, v.v...
V d: SUMSQ(3, 4) = (3^2) + (4^2) = 9 + 16 = 25
Ba hm sau y c cch ng v c php tng t nhau:
Hm SUMX2MY2(), Hm SUMXPY2() v Hm SUMXMY2()
d nh tn ca ba hm ny, bn c chng t tri sang phi vi cc quy c sau:
SUM = Tng, M (Minus) = Tr (hiu s), P (Plus) = Cng (tng s), 2 = Bnh phng, v Y l
hai mng g , c cha nhiu phn t x v y
104
Vy, nh ngha v cch tnh ton ca 3 hm ny l:
= SUMX2MY2: Tng ca hiu hai bnh phng ca cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d
liu
= SUMX2PY2: Tng ca tng hai bnh phng ca cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d
liu
= SUMXMY2: Tng ca bnh phng ca hiu cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d liu
C php:
= SUMX2MY2(array_x, array_y)
= SUMX2PY2(array_x, array_y)
= SUMXMY2(array_x, array_y)
array_x v array_y l cc dy hoc gi tr kiu mng
Lu {:
* array_x v array_y bt buc phi c cng kch thc, nu khng, hm s bo li #NA!
* Nu trong array_x hoc array_y c nhng gi tr kiu text, kiu logic hoc rng, th s c
b qua (khng tnh), tuy nhin cc gi tr = 0 vn c tnh.
=TAN Tnh tang ca mt gc
=TANH Tnh tang hyperbol ca mt s
=TRUNC Ct bt phn thp phn ca s
Hm SUMPRODUCT() Tnh tng cc tch cc phn t tng ng trong cc mng gi tr
Sum = Tng-Product = Tch
SUMPRODUCT = Tng ca tch (cc mng d liu)
C php: = SUMPRODUCT(array1, array2, ...)
array1, array2, ... : C th dng t 2 ti 255 mng (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny
ch l 30) v cc mng ny phi cng kch thc vi nhau
Lu {:
105
* Nu cc mng khng cng kch thc, SUMPRODUCT s bo li #VALUE!
* Bt kz mt phn t no trong mng khng phi l d liu kiu s, s c SUMPRODUCT

coi nh bng 0 (zero)
Hm SUBTOTAL l mt hm rt linh hot nhng cng l mt trong cc hm hi kh s dng

ca Excel. iu kh hiu th nht chnh l ci tn ca n, v n thc s lm c nhiu th
hn { ngha ca tn hm. i s th nht ca hm bt buc bn phi nh con s i din
cho php tnh cn thc hin trn tp s liu (trong Excel 2010 c tnh nng AutoComplete
gip chng ta khi nh cc con s ny). Hm SUBTOTAL c Microsoft nng cp k t
phin bn Excel 2003 vi s gia tng cc tuz chn cho i s th nht ca hm, tuy nhin
iu ny dn n s khng tng thch vi cc phin bn c nu chng ta s dng cc tnh
nng mi b sung ny.
i s u tin ca ca hm SUBTOTAL xc nh hm thc s no s c s dng khi tnh

ton (xem trong anh sch bn i). V d nu i s l 1 th hm SUBTOTAL hot ng
ging nhng hm AVERAGE, nu i s th nht l 9 th hm hm SUBTOTAL hot ng
ging nhng hm SU .
SUBTOTAL l hm tnh ton cho mt nhm con trong mt danh sch hoc bng d liu tuz
theo php tnh m bn chn la trong i s th nht.
C php: = SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, ref2,...)
Function_num: Cc con s t 1 n 11 (hay 101 n 111) qui nh hm no s c ng

tnh ton trong SUBTOTAL
Ref1, ref2: Cc vng a ch tham chiu m bn mun thc hin ph p tnh trn .
Trong Excel 2010, bn c th ng n 254 ref (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny
ch l 29)
Ghi ch:
* Nu c hm SUBTOTAL khc t lng trong cc i s ref1, ref2,... th cc hm lng ny s

b b qua khng c tnh, nhm trnh trng hp tnh ton 2 ln.
106
* i s function_num nu t 1 n 11 th hm SUBTOTAL tnh ton bao gm c cc gi tr

n trong tp s liu (hng n). i s function_num nu t 101 n 111 th hm SUBTOTAL
ch tnh ton cho cc gi tr khng n trong tp s liu (b qua cc gi tr n).
* Hm SUBTOTAL s b qua khng tnh ton tt c cc hng b n bi lnh Filter (Auto Filter)
m khng ph thuc vo i s function_num c dng (1 ging 101...).
* Hm SUBTOTAL c thit k tnh ton cho cc ct s liu theo chiu dc, n khng
c thit k tnh theo chiu ngang.
* Hm ny ch tnh ton cho d liu 2-D, do vy nu d liu tham chiu dng 3-D (V d v
tham chiu 3-D: =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet13!B5) th hm SUBTOTAL bo li #VALUE!
Hm SQRT()
Dng tnh cn bc hai ca mt s
C php: = SQRT(number)
number: S thc, ng (nu number < 0 hm s bo li #NUM!)
V d: Gi s A2, c con s -16
SQRT(16) = 4
SQRT(A2) = #NUM!
SQRT(ABS(A2)) = 4
Hm SQRTPI()
Dng tnh cn bc hai ca mt s nhn vi Pi (= 3.14159265358979)
C php: = SQRTPI(number)
number: S thc, ng nhn vi Pi (nu number < 0 hm s bo li #NUM!)
V d: Gi s A2, c con s -16
SQRT(1) = 1.772454 (cn bc hai ca Pi)
SQRT(2) = 2.506628 (cn bc hai ca 2*Pi)
Hm SIGN()
107
Tr v du ca s: 1 nu l s ng, 0 (zero) nu l s 0 v -1 nu l s m.
C php: = SIGN(number)
V d:
SIGN(10) = 1
SIGN(4-4) = 0
SIGN(-0.057) = -1
Hm SERIESSUM()
Dng tnh tng ly tha ca mt chui s, theo cng thc sau y:
series (x, n, m, a) = a1*x^n + a2*x^(n+m) + a3*x^(n+2m) + ... + ai*x^(n+(i-1)m)
C php: = SERIESSUM(x, n, m, coefficients)
x : gi tr nhp vo cho chui ly tha
n : ly tha khi to tng ti x
m : bc tng cho mi phn t trong chui
coefficients : tp hp h s s c nhn vi mi ly tha ca x
Cc thng s ny phi l cc d liu kiu s, nu khng, hm s bo li #VALUE!
V d:
SERIESSUM(5, 0, 2, {1, 2, 3, 4}) = 64,426
Din gii chi tit: (x = 5, n = 0, m = 2, coefficients = 1, 2, 3, 4)
=1*5^0 + 2*5^(0+2) + 3*5^(0+2*2) + 4*5^(0+3*2) = 64426
HM THNG K
Bao gm cc hm s gip bn gii quyt cc bi ton thng k t n gin n phc tp.
=AVEDEV Tnh bnh qun phn cc
=AVERAGE(vng) Tnh trung bnh cng cc s.
=AVERAGEA Tnh trung bnh cng cc gi tr
108
=DAVERAGE (vng d liu, ct cn tnh, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh trung bnh cc gi tr
trong ct tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu.
Hm AVERAGEIF()
Tr v trung bnh cng (s hc) ca tt c cc c chn tha mn mt iu kin cho

trc.
C php: = AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, average_range)
range : L mt hoc nhiu cn tnh trung bnh, c th bao gm cc con s, cc tn vng,

cc mng hoc cc tham chiu n cc gi tr...
criteria : L iu kin i dng mt s, mt biu thc, a ch hoc chui, qui nh vic

tnh trung bnh cho nhng no...
average_range : L tp hp cc tht s c tnh trung bnh. Nu b trng th Excel dng

range tnh.
Lu {:
* Cc trong range nu c cha nhng gi tr lun l (TRUE hoc FALSE) th s c b qua.
* Nhng rng trong average_range cng s c b qua.
* Nu range rng hoc c cha d liu text, AVERAGEIF s bo li #DIV/0!
* Nu c mt no trong criteria rng, AVERAGEIF s xem nh n bng 0.
* Nu khng c no trong range tha mn iu kiu ca criteria, AVERAGEIF s bo li

#DIV/0!
* Bn c th cc k t i din nh ?, * trong criteria (du ? thay cho mt k t no , v

du * thay cho mt chui no ). Khi iu kin trong criteria l chnh cc du ? hoc *, th
bn g thm du ~ trc n.
* average_range khng nht thit phi c cng kch thc vi range, m cc thc s c
tnh trung bnh s dng trn cng bn tri ca average_range lm bt u, v bao gm
thm nhng tng ng vi kch thc ca range.
Hm AVERAGEIFS()
109
Tr v trung bnh cng (s hc) ca tt c cc c chn tha mn nhiu iu kin cho

trc.
C php: = AVERAGEIFS(average_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2,

...)
average_range : Vng cn tnh trung bnh, c th bao gm cc con s, cc tn vng, cc

mng hoc cc tham chiu n cc gi tr...
criteria_range1, criteria_range2, ... : Vng cha nhng iu kin tnh trung bnh. C th
khai bo t 1 n 127 vng.
criteria1, criteria2, ... : L cc iu kin tnh trung bnh. C th khai bo t 1 n 127 iu

kin, i dng s, biu thc, tham chiu hoc chui...
Lu {:
* Nu average_range rng hoc c cha d liu text, AVERAGEIFS s bo li #DIV/0!
* Nu c mt no trong nhng vng criteria_range rng, AVERAGEIFS s xem nh n bng

0.
* Nhng gi tr logic: TRUE s c xem l 1, v FALSE s c xem l 0.
* Mi trong average_range ch c tnh trung bnh nu tha tt c iu kin quy nh

cho
* Khng ging nh AVERAGE F(), mi vng criteria_range phi c cng kch thc vi
average_range
* Nu c mt no trong average_range khng th chuyn i sang dng s, hoc nu

khng c no tha tt c cc iu kin, AVERAGEIFS s bo li #DIV/0!
* C th cc k t i din nh ?, * cho cc iu kin (du ? thay cho mt k t no , v

du * thay cho mt chui no ). Khi iu kin trong criteria l chnh cc du ? hoc *, th
bn g thm du ~ trc n.
Hm COUNT() m d liu cha s (m s khng trng) - m s c trong vng.

Nhng ch m nhng c kiu d liu l kiu s.
C php=COUNT(vng)
110
=COUNTA m s cha d liu
=COUNTIF(Vng cn m, iu kin) Hm m c iu kin - m s c trong vng vi

iu kin ch ra iu kin.
Hm COUNT F m c kiu d liu l kiu s v c kiu k t.
=DCOUNT(vng d liu, ct cn m, vng tiu chun) m s cha lng gi tr s trong

ct tho mn k trong vng tiu chun tm kim trong vng d liu.
VD: m xem c bao nhiu ngi c mc lng l 500000.
=MAX(vng) Tm s ln nht trong vng
=MAXA Tm gi tr ln nht
Hm DMAX()
C php: = DMAX(database, field, criteria)=DMAX (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng tiu chun)
Hm tnh gi tr cao nht trong ct gi tr tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng
d liu.
VD: Tm xem nhng ngi 26 tui ai cao lng nht.
=MIN(vng) Tm s nh nht trong vng
=MINA Tm gi tr nh nht
Hm DMIN()
C php: =DMIN(database, field, criteria)=DMIN (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng tiu chun)
Hm tnh gi tr nh nht trong ct gi tr tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong

vng d liu.
VD: Tm xem nhng ngi 26 tui ai thp lng nht.
=RANK( cn xp th, vng cn so snh) Tm v th ca mt s trong dy s.
Vng cn so snh: Thng ch gi tr tuyt i: $
Hm DVARP()
C php: = DVARP(database, [field,] criteria)
111
Tnh ton s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn ton th tp hp, bng cch s dng cc
s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin
c ch nh.
Hm DVAR()
C php: = DVAR(database, [field,] criteria)
c lng s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn mt mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu

trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch
nh.
Hm DSUM()
C php: = DSUM(database, field, criteria)
Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin

c ch nh.
Hm DSTDEVP()
C php: = DSTDEVP(database, field, criteria)
Tnh lch chun ca mt tp hp theo ton th cc tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s

liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c
ch nh.
Hm DSTDEV()
C php: = DSTDEV(database, field, criteria)
c lng lch chun ca mt tp hp theo mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong
mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
Hm DPRODUCT()
C php: = DPRODUCT(database, field, criteria)
Nhn cc gi tr trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu

kin c ch nh.
m s rng trong bng tnh
112
Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISBLANK(range), 1, 0))} vi range l vng d liu cn kim
tra.
m s cha nhng gi tr khng phi l kiu s
Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISNUMBER(range), 0, 1))} vi range l vng d liu cn

kim tra.
m s b li
Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISERROR(range), 1, 0))} vi range l vng d liu cn kim
tra.
g. HM X L VN BN V D LIU
Bao gm cc hm x l chui vn bn nh trch lc, tm kim, thay th, chuyn i chui vn

bn trong Excel.
Hm ASC()
Dng i cc k t double-byte sang cc k t single-byte cho nhng ngn ng s dng

b k t double-byte.
C php: = ASC(text)
text : L ch hoc tham chiu n mt c cha ch. Nu text khng cha bt kz mu t

no thuc loi double-byte, th text s khng c chuyn i.
V d: = ASC("Excel") = Excel
=CHAR Chuyn s thnh k t
=CLEAN Xa k t khng ph hp
=CODE Tr v m s ca k t u tin
Hm CONCATENATE
Cng dng: Dng ni nhiu chui li vi nhau
Cng thc: =CONCATENATE(text1,text2,...)
V d: =CONCATENATE("Gii php", "Excel", " - ", "Cng c tuyt vi ca bn) Gii php
Excel - Cng c tuyt vi ca bn
113
=DOLLAR Chuyn nh dng s thnh tin t
Hm EXACT
Cng dng: Dng so snh hai chui vi nhau.
Cng thc: =EXACT(text1,text2)
Hm EXACT phn bit ch thng v ch hoa.
Nu 2 chui text1, text2 ging nhau hon ton, hm s tr v TRUE; nu khng, s tr v tr

FALSE
V d:
=EXACT("Gii php", "Gii php") TRUE
=EXACT("Gii php", "Gii Php") FALSE
=FIXED Chuyn mt s sang nh dng vn bn
=LEFT(X,n) Hm LEFT ly n k t t bn tri sang ca vn bn X
=LEN Tnh di mt chui
=LOWER Chuyn thnh ch thng.
=PROPER Chuyn k t u mi t thnh ch hoa
Hm D Dng trch xut mt chui con (substring) t mt chui
Cng thc: =MID(text, start_num, num_chars])=MID(X, m, n)
Hm MID ly n k t trong chui X bt u t v tr m.
text: chui vn bn cn trch xut
start_num: v tr bt u trch ra chui con, tnh t bn tri sang
num_chars: s k t ca chui con cn trch ra
- num_chars phi l s nguyn ng
- start_num phi l s nguyn ng
- Nu start_num ln hn di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l chui rng
V d: = D("Karen Elizabeth Hammon ", 7, 9) Elizabeth

114
Hm REPLACE
Cng dng: Dng thay th mt phn ca chui bng mt chui khc, da vo s k t

c ch nh
Cng thc: =REPLACE(old_text, start_num, num_chars, new_text)
old_text: chui vn bn cn c x l
start_num: v tr bt u tm ci s thay th, tnh t bn tri sang
num_chars: s k t ca chui cn c thay th
new_text: chui vn bn s thay th cho s k t chn bi start_num v num_chars
Ci kh ca hm ny l xc nh c bi start_num v num_chars. Lm sao bit c bt

u t u v thay th bao nhiu ch? Ti gi nh:
- Bn dng hm FIND() hoc SEARCH() xc nh v tr bt u (start_num)
- Dng hm LEN() xc nh s k t ca chui s c thay th (num_chars)
V d: thay s 2007 bng 2008 trong cu Expense Budget for 2007
Dng cng thc nh sau:
=REPLACE(A1, F ND("2007", A1), LEN("2007"), "2008") Expense Bu get for 2008
Vi A1 = Expense Budget for 2007
Hm RIGHT Dng trch xut phn bn phi ca mt chui mt hoc nhiu k t ty theo
s ch nh ca bn
Cng thc: =RIGHT(text [,num_chars])=RIGHT(X,n)
Hm RIGHT ly n k t t bn phi sang ca vn bn X
text: chui vn bn cn trch xut k t
num_chars: s k t cn trch ra pha bn phi ca chui text, mc nh l 1
- num_chars phi l s nguyn ng
- Nu num_chars ln hn di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l ton b chui text
V d: =R GHT("Karen Elizabeth Hammon ", 7) Hammon
115
=REPT Lp li mt chui
=SUBSTITUTE Thay th mt chui xc nh
Hm FIND v Hm SEARCH
Cng dng: Dng tm v tr bt u ca mt chui con (substring) trong mt chui
Cng thc:
=FIND(find_text, within_text [, start_num])
=SEARCH(find_text, within_text [, start_num])
find_text: chui vn bn cn tm (chui con)
within_text: chui vn bn cha chui cn tm (chui m)
start_num: v tr bt u tm trong chui within_text (mc nh l 1)
Mt s lu {:
- Kt qu ca hai hm ny l mt con s, ch v tr bt u (tnh t start_num) ca find_text

trong within_text
- Dng SEARCH() khi mun tm mt chui bt kz. V d: SEARCH("e", "Expenses") s cho kt

qu l 1.
- Dng FIND() khi mun tm chnh xc mt chui c phn bit ch hoa, ch thng. V d:
FIND("e", "Expenses") s cho kt qu l 4.
- Nu khng tm thy find_text, hm s bo li #VALUE
- C th dng nhng k t i din nh *, ? trong fin _text ca hm SEARCH()
- Vi hm SEARCH(), nu mun tm chnh k t * hoc ? th g du ~ trc k t ( ~*

hoc l ~?)
=TEXT Chuyn mt s sang text.
Hm T
Cng dng: Tr v mt chui nu tr tham chiu l chui, ngc li, s tr v chui rng -
Kim tra d liu kiu text
116
Cng thc: =T(value)
Hm ny t khi c dng.
Hm SUBSTITUTE
Cng dng: Dng thay th mt chui ny bng mt chui khc. Hm ny cng tng t
hm REPLACE(), nhng s dng hn.
Cng thc: =SUBSTITUTE(text, old_text, new_text [,instance_num])
text: chui vn bn gc, cn c x l
old_text: chui vn bn cn c thay th
new_text: chui vn bn s thay th vo
instance_num: s ln thay th old_text bng new_text, nu b qua th tt c old_text tm

c s c thay th bng new_text
V d: thay s 2007 bng 2008 trong cu Expense Budget for 2007
Dng cng thc nh sau:
=SUBSTITUTE("Expense Budget for 2007", "2007", "2008") Expense Bu get for 2008
HM THAY TH CHUI NY BNG CHUI KHC (Substituting One Substring for Another)
C nhiu chng trnh c kh nng tm kim mt s on vn v thay th n bng on vn

khc.
Excel cng c kh nng lm chuyn bng cch ng hm. l hm REPLACE v hm

SUBSTITUTE.
=TRIM Xa nhng k t trng bn trong chui.
=UPPER Chuyn k t thng thnh hoa.
Hm VALUE
Cng dng: Dng i mt chui i din cho mt s thnh kiu s
Cng thc: =VALUE(text)
117
text phi l nh dng s, ngy thng hoc bt kz mt thi gian no min l c Excel cng
nhn.
Nu 2 chui text1, text2 ging nhau hon ton, hm s tr v TRUE; nu khng, s tr v tr

FALSE
V d:
trch ra s 6500 trong SQA6500, bn c th dng hm RIGHT()
=RIGHT("SQA6500", 4) 6500
Tuy nhin kt qu o hm R GHT() c c s dng text, bn khng th nhn chia cng

tr g vi ci "6500" ny c.
c th tnh ton vi "6500", bn phi i n sang dng s:
=VALUE(R GHT("SQA6500",4)) 6500
Cng l 6500, nhng by gi bn c th cng tr nhn chia vi n.
*Trch xut h v tn (v d ng trch cho tn ting Anh, b qua tn m)
Cch lm l ng hm F ND() tm nhng khong trng phn cch gia h v tn, sau
ng hm LEFT() tch phn tn, v hm RIGHT() tch phn h.
ly phn tn (First Name), chng ta dng cng thc sau (gi s h tn nm cell A2):
=LEFT(A2, FIND(" ", A2) - 1)
Ngha l ng hm F ND() tm v tr ca k t trng u tin k t bn tri, v d n l v

tr th 5,
khi hm LEFT() s xc nh c ci tn ny gm c 4 ch (= 5-1).
ly phn h (Last Name), chng ta dng cng thc:
=RIGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - FIND(" ", A2))
Bn t dch cu ny nh!
*Trch xut h, tn m v tn (v d vi tn ting Anh, phn tn m c vit tt)
Cch lm ging nh bi Trch xut h v tn trn, tuy nhin c khc mt ch t, trch

thm phn tn m.
118
Gi s H v Tn (full name) nm cell A2, v ang c gi tr l Karen E. Hammond
u tin, nh bi trn, ng cng thc sau tch phn Tn (first name):
=LEFT(A2, FIND(" ", A2) - 1) Karen
Cng thc FIND(" ", A2) s cho kt qu l 6, l v tr ca khong trng u tin (sau ch
Karen).
tm v tr ca khong trng th hai, th bn phi gn v tr bt u tm (start_num) l 7,

hoc l bng kt qu ca FIND(" ", A2) cng thm 1:
=FIND(" ", A2, FIND(" ",A2) + 1)
Ri dng kt qu ca cng thc ny lm tham s cho hm R GHT() trch ra phn H (last

name):
=RIGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - F ND(" ", A2, F ND(" ", A2) +1)) Hammon
trch phn tn m, dng hm F ND() tm v tr ca du chm (.) ri a vo trong

cng thc ca hm D() tm k t ng trc du chm:
=MID(A2, FIND(".", A2) - 1, 1) E
HM LOGIC
Hm AND
C l khi gii thch nh. AND c ngha l V. Vy thi. Dng hm ny khi mun ni n ci
ny v ci ny v ci ny......
C php: AND(logical1 [, logical2] [, logical3]...)
logical: Nhng biu thc s c x t xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FALSE)
Nu tt c cc biu thc u ng, hm AND() s tr v gi tr TRUE, v ch cn 1 trong cc

biu thc sai, hm AND() s tr v gi tr FALSE.
Bn c th dng hm AND() bt c ch no bn mun, nhng thng th hm AND() hay

c dng chung vi hm IF().
V d:
=IF(AND(B2 > 0, C2 > 0), "1000", "No bonus")
119
Nu gi tr B2 v C2 ln hn 0, th (thng) 1.000, cn nu ch cn mt trong 2 B2

hoc C2 nh hn 0, th khng thng chi c.
=FALSE(): C th nhp trc tip FALSE vo trong cng thc, Excel s hiu l mt biu thc
c gi tr FALSE m khng cn ng n c php ca hm ny
Hm IF
=IF (logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false) : Dng kim tra iu kin theo gi tr v

cng thc
C php: F (iu kin, gi tr 1, gi tr 2) Nu iu kin ng th hm tr v gi tr 1, ngc

li hm nhn gi tr 2
Ci lp lun: "Nu ti ng th lm cho ti ci ny, nu ti sai th lm cho ti ci kia".. C l

trong ch ng ta ai cng hiu.
Mt tnh hung n gin nht
C php: IF(logical_test, value_is_true)
logical_test: Mt biu thc s c x t xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FALSE)
value_is_true: gi tr tr v khi biu thc logical_test c kim tra l ng (TRUE)
V d:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, "It's big!")
Ngha l, nu gi tr A1 ln hn hoc bng 1000, th kt qu nhn c s l "It's big!", cn

khng, nu A1 nh hn 1000, kt qu s l FALSE.
Mt v d khc, gi s bn c mt bng nh gi mc bn ra, mua vo ca mt danh mc

hng ha di, v bn mun theo di nhng mt hng c doanh s bn ra khng t yu cu
iu chnh chin lc kinh doanh ca mnh, bng cch gn nhng du "<" bn cnh n,
h phn trm doanh s cng thp th nhng du hiu "<" cng nhiu...
Bn c th dng hm IF(), theo mu:
=IF(cell<0, flag)
Vi cell l gi tr doanh s m bn mun theo di, v flag l du hiu m t, v d, cell

cha gi tr doanh s l B2:
120
=IF(B2<0, "<<<<<")
nhng du "<" t l thun vi mc st gim doanh s bn hng, bn c th dng hm

REPT(), vi cng thc:
REPT("<" , B2 * -100)
y, phi nhn gi tr ca B2 vi -100, bi v chng ta ch xt nhng trng hp B2<0
V cng thc hon chnh th hin mc st gim doanh s ca tng mt hng s l:
=IF(B2<0, REPT("<" , B2 * -100))
Nhng hm IF lng nhau
Trong cuc sng i thng, c my ai d dng chp nhn chuyn "mt ci nu", phi
khng cc bn.
Ch ng ta thng s dng kiu, nu... ri nhng m nu... nhiu khi k o i n v tn!
Trong Excel cng vy. Gi s, chng ta xp loi hc tp, nu im trung bnh (TB) ln hn 9
th gii, vy TB nh hn 9 th ? Cha, TB nh hn 9 nhng ln hn 7 th kh ci , ri
TB nh hn 7 nhng cha b im 5 th trung bnh, ch khi no TB nh hn 4 th mi gi
l d (ci ny ti ch v d thi, cc bn ng s dng xp loi nh).
Khi , ch ng ta s dng nhng hm IF() lng nhau, IF() ny nm trong IF() kia. Sau ny
chng ta s hc cch ghp thm nhiu iu kin khc vo na.
V d, ti ly li v d ni bi trc:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, "Big!", "Not big")
Bi gi thm cht, A1 ln hn 1000 l "big" ri, nhng chng l 10000 th cng ch l "big" ?
C l nn tng thm mt danh hiu cao hn:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, IF(A1 >= 10000, "Really big!!", Big!"), "Not big")
Hoc l, ng rng <1000 l "Not big", nhng n khc "Small" ch (tui khng ln, cha
chc tui nh), vy chng ta thm mt nh ngha "Small" th xem:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, "Big!", IF(A1 < 100, "Small", "Not big"))
121
Bn nh, y ti t ci IF "con" khng ging nh trn, sao cng, min l ng sai

c php ca IF().
V nu thch, bn c th ghp tt c li:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, IF(A1 >= 10000, "Really big!!", Big!"), IF(A1 < 100, "Small", "Not big"))
Ch cn mt lu {, l nhng du ng m ngoc n. Nu bn ng v m khng ng l c

hoc khng , Excel s khng hiu, hoc l cho cc bn kt qu sai y.
Hm IFERROR
Trong qu trnh thao tc vi bng tnh, khng t ln chng ta gp li, v cng kh m trnh
c li. V d, mt cng thc n gin thi =A/B c th gy li #DIV/0! nu nh B bng 0,
hoc gy li #NAME? nu A hoc B khng tn ti, gy li #REF! nu c no lin kt vi A
hoc B b xa i...
Tuy nhin, i l c ch ng ta li cn phi li dng chnh nhng ci li ny, v d s t ra mt

tnh hung: nu c li th lm g ... Gi nm na l BY LI.
C l v vy m hm ny c hai ch u l IF; IFERROR = nu xy ra li (th)...
MS Excel 2003 tr v trc c hm ISERROR(value), vi value l mt biu thc. Nu biu

thc ny gp li, ISERROR() s tr v gi tr TRUE, cn nu biu thc khng c li, ISERROR()
tr v gi tr FALSE.
V ch ng ta thng dng ISERROR() km vi IF:
=IF(ISERROR(expression), ErrorResult, expression)
Nu nh biu thc (expression) c li, cng thc trn s ly gi tr ErrorResult (mt rng,
hoc mt thng bo li, v.v..), ngc li, s ly chnh gi tr biu thc .
V d: =IF(ISERROR(A/B), "", A/B)
Ci bt tin khi phi dng va IF() va ISERROR() l chng ta phi nhp ci biu thc hai ln:
mt ln trong hm ISERROR() v mt ln tham s value_is_False ca IF()
C th ci bt tin va ni trn khng ng k, tuy nhin cch s dng ny lm cho cng

thc ca chng ta tr nn kh ng hn,
bi v nu thay ci biu thc(expression), th chng ta phi thay i nguyn c cng thc.

122
Excel 2010 ng nh hiu c s bt tin , nn gp hai hm IF() v ISERROR li

thnh mt, l FERROR()
C php: IFERROR(value, value_if_error)
_____value: Biu thc c th s gy ra li
_____value_if_error: kt qu tr v nu value gy ra li
Nu biu thc value khng gy li, IFERROR() s ly biu thc , cn nu n c li th ly

ci biu thc value_if_error.
V d, cng thc =IF(ISERROR(A/B), "", A/B) nu dng IFERROR() th s l
=IFERROR(A/B, "")
Bn thy y, IFERROR() ngn gn v d hiu hn nhiu.
=NOT (logical) : o ngc gi tr ca cc i s
Hm OR
OR c ngha l HOC. Dng hm ny khi mun ni n ci ny hoc ci ny hay ci kia... ci

no cng c, min l phi c t nht 1 ci!
C php: OR(logical1 [, logical2] [, logical3]...)
logical: Nhng biu thc s c x t xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FALSE)
Nu tt c cc biu thc u sai, hm OR() s tr v gi tr FALSE, v ch cn 1 trong cc biu

thc ng, hm OR() s tr v gi tr TRUE.
Ging nh hm AND(), bn c th dng hm OR() bt c ch no bn mun, nhng thng

th hm OR() hay c dng chung vi hm IF().
V d:
=IF(OR(B2 > 0, C2 > 0), "1000", "No bonus")
Nu gi tr B2 hoc C2 ln hn 0 (tc l ch cn 1 trong 2 ln hn 0), th (thng)

1.000, cn nu c 2 B2 hoc C2 u nh hn 0, th khng thng chi c.
=TRUE(): C th nhp trc tip TRUE vo trong cng thc, Excel s hiu l mt biu thc
c gi tr TRUE m khng cn ng n c php ca hm ny
123
B qua nhng b li khi chy cng thc
V d: Ct Gross Margin (ct D) ca bng tnh i y c cha mt s gp li chia cho 0

(#DIV/0!), do bn ct C c nhng trng.
tnh trung bnh cng ca ct D, k nhng c li #DIV/0!, phi dng cng thc mng nh
sau:
{=AVERAGE(IF(ISERROR(D3:D12), "", D3:D12))}
(ngha l nu gp nhng c li th coi nh n bng rng)
c nh tn ca ct (Determining the Column Letter)
Trong Excel c hm COLUMN(), cho ra kt qu l s ca ct (v d, g hm ny trong ct B

th kt qu s l 2).
Nhng i khi bn mun kt qu l tn ca ct ch khng mun l con s (B ch khng

phi l 2), th lm sao?
y l mt vn i hi s khn kho mt cht, v tn ct trong bng tnh chy t A n Z,

t AA n AZ... v cho ti tn cng l XFD (!)
C mt hm gi p ch ng ta tm a ch tuyt i ca mt cell, l hm CELL("a ress"), v

d $A$2, hoc $B$10...
Hm CELL(info_type [,reference])
Vi info_type l mt tham s c nh ngha (s ni k hn trong nhng bi sau)
V reference l cell m bn ch nh, nu b trng th Excel s ly ngay ci cell c cha cng

thc CELL().
Trong bi ny, tm a ch tuyt i ca mt cell, chng ta s dng cng thc CELL() vi

info_type l "address"
Tinh mt cht, ta thy tn ca ct chnh l nhng ch ci nm gia hai du dollar ($) trong
ci a ch tuyt i ny.
Bt u lm nh: dng hm MID() trch ra ch ci t v tr th 2 trong a ch tuyt i ca

cell:
=MID(CELL("Address"), 2, num_chars)
124
Ci kh l ci num_chars ny y, v tn ct th c th l 1, 2, hoc 3 k t (v d: A, AA hoc

AAA). Vn dng hm FIND thi:
FIND("$", CELL("address"",A2), 3) - 2
Gii thch cht nh: Dng hm FIND(), tm v tr ca du $ trong ci a ch tuyt i ca cell,

v bt u tm t v tr th 3 trong ci a ch ny.
Ti sao phi tr i 2? Cng thc trn s ch ra v tr (l mt con s) ca du $ th hai trong

a ch tuyt i ca cell, tc l ci du $ pha sau tn ct,
phi tr i 2 tc l tr bt i 2 ci $, l c ny kt qu s chnh l s k t ca tn ct (1 ch,

2 ch hoc 3 ch)
By gi, cng thc hon chnh s nh sau:
=MID(CELL("Address"), 2, FIND("$", CELL("address"), 3) - 2)
Cng thc ny p dng cho chnh cell cha cng thc.
Nu mun tm tn ct ti mt cell no , bn ch vic thm a ch (hoc mt ci g tham

chiu n a ch ny) ca cell mun tm vo pha sau ci "address"
V d, mun tm tn ca cell AGH68, bn g:
=MID(CELL("Address", AGH68), 2, FIND("$", CELL("address", AGH68), 3) - 2) AGH
Lp m s t ng
C nhiu danh mc khch hng hoc danh mc hng ha c lp m s bng cch dng vi
k t u ca tn khch hng (hoc tn hng ha) kt hp vi mt con s.
Cch t m s t ng nh vy rt d lm trong Excel, bng cch s dng nhng hm x l

vn bn v chui.
Gi s danh mc ca chng ta nm ct A v bt u ti cell A2.
Trc tin, chng ta hy tch 3 k t u tin ca danh mc v nh dng cho n thnh

nhng ch in hoa, bng cng thc:
UPPER(LEFT(A2, 3))
125
Tip theo, tn dng chnh s ca nhng hng trong bng tnh lp m s t ng:
ROW(A2),
v nh dng sao cho nhng con s ny lun c 4 ch s, bng cng thc:
TEXT(ROW(A2),"0000")
V y l cng thc hon chnh:
=UPPER(LEFT(A2, 3)) & TEXT(ROW(A2), "0000")
Hm BETADIST()
Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.
Thng thng hm ny c ng nghin cu s bin thin v phn trm cc mu, v d

nh khong thi gian m ngi ta ng xem TV trong mt ngy chng hn.
C php: = BETADIST(x, alpha, beta, A, B)
x : Gi tr gia A v B, ng tnh mt hm.
alpha & beta : Tham s ca phn phi.
A : Cn i ca khong x, mc nh l 0.
B : Cn trn ca khong x, mc nh l 1.
Lu {:
* Nu c bt kz i s no khng phi l s, BETADIST() tr v gi tr li #VALUE!
* Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, BETAD ST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu x < A, x > B hay A = B, BETADIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu b qua A v B, ngha l mc nh A = 0 v B = 1, BETADIST() s s dng phn phi tch

ly beta chun ha.
Hm BETAINV()
Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.
Ngha l nu xc sut = BETADIST(x, ...) th x = BETAINV(xc sut, ...)
126
Thng dng trong vic ln k hoch d n, m phng s ln m rng xc sut, bit

trc thi gian b sung kz vng v bin i.
C php: = BETAINV(probability, alpha, beta, A, B)
Probability : Xc sut ca bin c x trong phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.
alpha & beta : Tham s ca phn phi.
A : Cn i ca khong x, mc nh l 0.
B : Cn trn ca khong x, mc nh l 1.
Lu {:
* Nu c bt kz i s no khng phi l s, BETAINV() tr v gi tr li #VALUE!
* Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, BETA NV() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu probability 0 hay probability > 1, BETA NV() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu b qua A v B, ngha l mc nh A = 0 v B = 1, BETAINV() s s dng phn phi tch

ly beta chun ha.
* BETAINV() s dng phng php lp khi tnh mt phn phi. Vi probability cho trc,
BETAINV() lp cho ti khi kt qu chnh xc trong khong 0.0000003. Nu BETAINV() khng
hi t sau 100 ln lp, n s tr v gi tr li #NA!
V d:
BETAINV(0.6854706, 8, 10, 1, 3) = 2
Hm BINOMDIST()
Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th thnh cng ca phn phi nh phn.
B NO D ST() thng c dng trong cc bi ton c s lng c nh cc php th, khi

kt qu ca cc php th ch l thnh cng hay tht bi, khi cc php th l c lp, v khi
xc xut thnh cng l khng i qua cc cuc th nghim.
V d, c th ng B NO D ST() tnh xc sut khong hai phn ba a tr c sinh ra l

b trai.
C php: = BINOMDIST(number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative)
127
Number_s : S ln th thnh cng trong cc php th.
Trials : S ln th.
Probability_s : Xc sut thnh cng ca mi php th.
Cumulative : Mt gi tr logic xc nh hm tnh xc sut.
= 1 (TRUE) : BINOMDIST() tr v hm tnh xc sut tch ly, l xc sut c s ln thnh cng

number_s ln nht.
= 0 (FALSE) : BINOMDIST() tr v hm tnh xc sut im (hay l hm khi lng xc sut), l

xc sut m s ln thnh cng l number_s.
Lu {:
* Nu number_s v trials l s thp phn, chng s c ct b phn l tr thnh s

nguyn.
* Nu number_s, trials hay probability_s khng phi l s, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tr li

#VALUE!
* Nu number_s < 0 hay number_s > trials, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu probability_s < 0 hay probability_s > 1, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
V d:
BINOMDIST(6, 10, 0.5, 0) = 0.2050781
BINOMDIST(6, 10, 0.5, 1) = 0.828125
Hm CHIDIST()
Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared.
Phn phi chi-squared kt hp vi php th chi-square ng so snh cc gi tr quan st

vi cc gi tr kz vng.
V d, mt th nghim v di truyn c th gi thit rng th h k tip ca cc cy trng s

tha hng mt tp hp cc mu sc no ; bng cch so snh cc gi tr quan st c
vi cc gi tr kz vng, c th thy c gi thit ban u l ng hay sai.
C php: = CHIDIST(x, degrees_freedom)
128
x : Gi tr ng tnh phn phi.
degrees_freedom : S bc t do.
Lu {:
* Nu cc i s khng phi l s, CHIDIST() tr v gi tr li #VALUE!
* Nu x < 0, CHIDIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu degrees_freedom khng phi l s nguyn, phn thp phn ca n s b ct b tr

thnh s nguyn.
* Nu degrees_freedom < 1 hay degrees_freedom > 10^10, CHIDIST() tr v gi tr li

#NUM!
* CH D ST() c tnh ton theo cng thc: CHIDIST = P(X > x), vi X l bin ngu nhin chi-
squared.
V d:
CHIDIST(18.307, 10) = 0.050001
Hm NORMINV()
Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch ly chun.
C php: = NORMINV(probability, mean, standard_dev)
probability : Xc sut ng vi phn phi chun
mean : Gi tr trung bnh cng ca phn phi
stan ar _ ev : lch chun ca phn phi
Lu {:
* Nu c bt kz i s no khng phi l s, NORMINV() s bo li #VALUE!
* Nu probability nh hn 0 hoc ln hn 1, NOR NV() s bo li #NUM!
* Nu standard_dev nh hn hoc bng 0, NORMDINV() s bo li #NUM!
* Nu mean = 0 v standard_dev = 1, NORMINV() s dng phn b chun.
129
* NORMINV() s dng phng php lp i lp li tnh hm. Nu NORMINV() khng hi t

sau 100 ln lp, hm s bo li #NA!
Chng 4: Khai Thc C S D Liu
4.1. Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc)
Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) l nhng tnh nng cho php bn thao tc d liu trong mt
bng tnh c thi t lp d a trn cc tiu chun.
Sp xp
th c hin mt sp x p theo chiu tng dn hay gim dn trn mt ct:
nh du cc mu n c sp x p
Kch nt Sort Ascending (A-Z) hay Sort Descending (Z-A)
Ty chnh sp xp
sp x p nhiu hn mt ct:
Ch n ct m bn mu n sp x p u tin
Kch Add Level
Ch n ct ti p theo bn mu n sp x p
Kch OK
130
Lc d liu
B l c cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh. s dng b

l c:
Kch vo ct hoc ch n cc ct cha d liu m bn mu n l c
Trn tab Home, kch Sort & Filter
Kch nt Filter
Kch vo mi tn pha di u tin
Kch Text Filter
Kch Words bn mu n l c
131
ko p dng b l c, kch nt Sort & Filter
Kch Clear
4.2 PivotTable v PivotChart l nhng cng c phn tch d liu rt mnh trong Excel.
Chng c th bin nhng con s dng nh v ngha trong mt khi d liu khng l thnh
132
nhng con s c ngha. PivotTable v PivotChart rt d s dng, nhng chng cng c mt

s vn phc tp khng th trnh khi.
4.2.1 Gii thiu PivotTable v PivotChart
To mt bo co PivotTable n gin
Gi s chng ta c bng tnh sau y:
y l mt trong nhng loi bng tnh m bn c th dng to ra mt PivotTable. D liu

thng k doanh thu ca 3 ca hng (store) bn dng c th thao, i din cho 3 min (region)
trong mt tun (t ngy 06 n ngy 12/6/2005). Ct D l s khch hng ca tng loi dng
c th thao, ct E l tng doanh thu, v cc ct cn li l doanh thu chi ti t ca tng mt
hng.
y l mt s cu hi m bn c th phi tr li d a vo bng tnh :
Doanh thu ca dng c cm tri (Camping) ti mi min ?
Ti mi ca hng, ngy no trong tun l ngy ng khch nht?
Ti mi ca hng, mt hng no bn c nhiu nht?
133
Ngy no trong tun (ni chung) l ngy bn nht?
Ti s gip bn tr li cu hi u tin. Ti s hng dn bn to ra mt PivotTable thy

c tng doanh thu mt hng Camping ca mi min.
bt u, bn cn bo m rng bn ang ch n mt (bt k no) nm trong vng cha

d liu m bn mu n to PivotTable. Ri, bn nhn nt PivotTable nm trong nhm Insert
ca thanh Ribbon:
Excel s hin th hp thoi Create PivotTable nh hnh sau y:
Trong hp thoi ny, bn thy rng a ch ca dy cha d liu (A2:K44) c nhp

sn trong hp Table/Range. N u nh cc nt ty ch n c ch n gi ng ht trong hnh:
Select a table or range v New Worksheet, bn hy nhn OK ng hp thoi ny.
Excel s to mt Sheet mi, v n s trng gi ng nh hnh sau y:

134
Ngi ta g i y l ci v ca mt PivotTable. Trong ci v ny, bn s thy: bn tri l

vng bo co PivotTable, l vng s hin th cc yu cu ca bn sau khi bn hon tt mt
PivotTable. bn phi l ca s PivotTable Field List, l ni m bn s quy t nh nhng
d liu no s c hin th trn PivotTable, v cch sp x p ca chng. Ti s trnh by vi
bn chi ti t v ci PivotTable Field List ny trong mt bi khc. Cn by gi bn c ti p tc
.
Trong hp thoi PivotTable Field List, bn hy nhn vo mc Region ch n n (hoc bn

nhn vo hp kim ngay bn cnh n cng c). Bn s thy mc Region ny t ng xut
hin trong vng Row Labels ca PivotTable Field List, ng thi PivotTable cng t ng
hin th tn ca 3 min: Midwest, Northeast v South trong ct A:
135
Ti p tc, bn nhn vo Camping ch n n. Ngay lp tc, Sum of Caming xut hin trong
vng Values pha cu i PivotTable Field List, ng thi, ct B hin th tng doanh thu
mt hng Camping ng vi mi min.
Cu i cng, bn nhn vo ci mi tn b t nm ngay bn cnh mc Sum of Camping trong

khung Values, ch n Value Field Settings trong danh sch m ra.
136
Hp thoi Value Field Settings xut hin. Nhn vo ci nt Number Format. Hp thoi
Format Cells quen thuc s m ra, ch n Currency. Xong nhn OK hai ln ng tt c
cc hp thoi. PivotTable ca bn s gi ng nh sau hnh say. N u thch, v cng d xem hn,
bn nhn vo A3, ni ang c ch Row Labels, sa n li thnh Region:
Hy v ng rng bn s thy vic to ra mt PivotTable d nh th no. Vng, n rt n gin,

v n u c nhng yu cu phc tp hn, th cng vy thi. Xin ni thm mt vi kha cnh
khc ca PivotTable:
137
Khi mt PivotTable c kch hot, hp thoi PivotTable Field List s xut hin. Nhng
Field c ch n vo trong bo co PivotTable s c in m v c mt du kim ngay
bn cnh, ng thi chng cng xut hin nhng vng bn di ca PivotTable Field List,
cho chng ta bi t vai tr ca chng trong PivotTable. kch hot mt PivotTable, bn nhn
vo mt bt k trong vng bo co PivotTable. Cn n u khng mu n kch hot n, th bn
ch vic nhn ra ngoi, bt k ch no trong bng tnh.
Bn s thy bn phi ca tiu Region trong vng bo co ( A3) c mt nt mi tn x

xu ng (drop-down arrow). Nt ny c chc nng tng t chc nng AutoFilter. Nhn vo
, bn c th l a ch n nhng mc mu n xem thuc danh sch Region, m mc nh ca n
l Select All (xem tt c). V d, bn ch mu n xem doanh thu dng c cm tri ca ring
min Midwest m thi, bn nhn vo nt ny, nhn vo mc (Select All) tt n i, ri nhn
vo mc Midwest, bn s c k t qu nh hnh sau:
1.2. To mt bo co PivotTable vi nhiu ct
138
V d bi trc ch l mt trong nhng bo co PivotTable n gin nht. Trong bi ny,

bn s h c cch to mt bo co PivotTable phc tp hn, c nhiu ct cng nh nhiu hng
hn.
Bn xem d liu sau y. N l d liu ca nhng ca hng cho thu bng video:
Cc hng d liu trong bi ny c thi t k khc vi bi trc. Mi hng trong bng i

din cho mt th loi video ca mt ca hng (c ghi ct B). Con s ct Title l s
lng u phim thuc th loi . Mc ch ca chng ta l to mt PivotTable trnh by
nhng thng tin mt dng d xem hn.
Cc bc to ra mt ci v ca PivotTable, ti trnh by bi 1. N u bn lm ng,

hp thoi PivotTable Field List ca bn s gi ng nh sau:
139
Trong danh sch cc Field s c Store, Category v Titles. Hy nhn ch n c ba. Excel s lm
gip bn cc vic sau:
em Store v Category vo trong hp Row Labels
em Tiltes vo trong hp Values, vi ci tn l Sum of Titles
Trnh by cc thng tin vo vng bo co PivotTable
K t qu c minh h a hnh sau y:
140
C th nhng g hin th trn my ca bn khng gi ng ci hnh ny. N u nh bn mu n n

gi ng ht hnh ny, hy nhn nt phi chut vo tn ca mt ca hng no trong ct A
(Clarkville chng hn), ch n lnh Field Setting, ri bn nh du vo cc ty ch n ca tab
Layout & Print gi ng nh ti lm trong hnh sau y; v n u nh ci tn trong A3 ang
l RowLabels, hy i n thnh Store. Bn s c mt PivotTable y ht nh hnh trn.
141
Cho d y l mt bo co PivotTable rt chnh xc, nhng n khng phi l ci ti mu n.

Trong trng hp ny, Store v Category ang nm chung trong mt hng, u l Row
Labels; cn ti th mu n Category phi l mt ct ring, l Column Labels.
Lm th no chuyn mt mc Row Labels thnh Column Lables? C hai cch:
1. Trong hp thoi PivotTable Field List, trong vng Row Labels, bn hy nhn vo
nt mi tn bn cnh mc Category, v ch n lnh Move To Column Labels.
2. N u nh bn kho s dng chut, bn c th "nm" v "ko" ci mc Category ra

khi vng Row Labels ri "th" n vo vng Column Labels.
Sau khi lm xong mt trong 2 cch trn, bn s thy PivotTable gi ng nh sau:
142
So snh vi bng d liu ban u, PivotTable d c hn nhiu. Nhn vo bng bo co ny,

chng ta c th so snh s lng u phim ca tng th loi video gia cc ca hng vi
nhau (xem theo ct), hoc so snh s u phim gia cc th loi video ca mt ca hng vi
nhau (xem theo hng). Nhn vo PivotTable, bn c th tr li ngay ca hng no c nhiu
phim hnh ng nht, phi khng?
Bn c thy rng: vic di chuyn mt Field t Row Labels sang Column Labels, lm cho
PivotTable dng nh l xoay bng d liu t d c thnh ngang. Ch "xoay", trong ti ng
Anh, l "pivot". Vy bn hiu PivotTable l g ri ch?
N u nh t ny gi, bn va c bi ny, va t th c hnh, th bn hy lu li bng tnh.

Chng ta s s dng PivotTable va to ra ny cho bi sau: To mt biu xoay
(PivotChart). Hn gp li.
1.3. To mt PivotChart
Mt PivotChart chng c g khc hn l mt biu Excel, c to ra t d liu ca mt

PivotTable. Tht ra th cng c mt vi tnh nng m bn khng tm thy nhng biu
143
bnh thng. Tuy nhin, phn ln th mt PivotChart cng gi ng nh bt k mt biu no

trong Excel, nhng thao tc vi cc biu , hoc vic nh dng cho n, chng c g khc.
N u bn bi t chc rng bn s cn n mt PivotChart, bn c th to ra PivotTable v

PivotChart cng mt ln. Thay v nhn vo nt PivotTable trong nhm Insert trn thanh
Ribbon (nh ti trnh by bi 1), bn hy nhn vo ci mi tn nh di ci nt , v
ch n lnh PivotChart. Ri th bn cng s gp hp thoi to mt PivotTable nh nhng bi
trn, nhng khi to xong PivotTable, th Excel cng s t ng to lun mt PivotChart i
km theo.
By gi chng ta s h c cch to ra mt PivotChart t PivotTable m bn th c hnh bi

s 2, bi ton v cc ca hng bn video. Bn ln lt theo cc bc sau:
1. Chc chn rng bn ang kch hot PivotTable. N u nh khng mu n thy ci hp

thoi PivotTable Field List, bn c th tt n i. Hp thoi ny c th bt tt bt c
lc no bng ci nt ny (trong nhm PivotTable|Options trn thanh Ribbon):
2. Nhn nt PivotChart trong nhm PivotTable|Options trn thanh Ribbon. Excel s

hin th hp thoi Insert Chart, nh hnh sau:
144
3. Ch n Column trong danh sch Templates bn tri, ri nhn vo biu tng th hai
(stacked column) hng u tin trong khung bn tay phi.
4. Nhn OK to biu .
Bn s c mt biu nh hnh sau. Mi ca hng (Store) c i din bi mt "bar" trong

biu , v trong mi "bar" ny cha s lng th loi phim (Category) c trong ca hng ,
c phn bit bi cc mu khc nhau.
145
Khi bn nhn vo biu , tc l bn kch hot PivotTable, Excel s hin th hp thoi

PivotChart Filter Pane nh bn thy hnh trn. Bn c th dng Axis Fields v Legend
Fields trong hp thoi ny l c cc d liu, iu chnh PivotChart hin th hay khng hin
th biu ca mt loi d liu no . Bt k vic l c d liu no bn th c hin trong hp
thoi ny, cng s c p dng trong PivotTable, v biu s t ng v li theo nhng
thay i trong PivotTable.
V d, ti nhn vo Axis Fields, v ch ch n hai ca hng: Clarkville, WestEnd. Biu s t

ng v li nh sau:
146
4.2.2 Tm hiu d liu ngun ca PivotTable
Chng ta c th s dng nhiu loi d liu lm ngun cho mt PivotTable:
S dng d liu t mt bng tnh Excel trong cng mt Workbook
S dng d liu t mt bng tnh Excel trong mt Workbook khc
S dng d liu k t hp t nhiu ngun khc nhau nhng c cu trc gi ng nhau

(consolidate ranges)
S dng d liu t mt bo co PivotTable khc
Nhng bi sau y s ln lt im qua tng loi d liu ny.
2.1. S dng d liu ca cng mt bng tnh Excel
C l cch d nht v cng c nhiu ngi s dng nht l s dng d liu ca mt bng
tnh Excel lm ngun cho PivotTable. D liu ny c th nm trong cng mt bng tnh,
nh c trnh by bi 1.
147
M i vic s tr nn rt n gin khi bn to mt PivotTable trong cng bng tnh cha d

liu ngun. D liu ny phi c thi t k theo dng mt List (trong Excel 2003), mt Table
(Excel 2010), vi nhng yu cu sau:
Hng u tin cha tn cc Field (hoc tn ca cc ct)
Hng th hai v nhng hng ti p theo cha d liu
Khng c hng b tr ng, nhng c th c nhng tr ng
tm hiu k hn v cu trc ca mt Table, bn c th tham kho bi "Phn tch d liu

vi cc Table".
N u c mt nm u trong vng d liu ngun ny c ch n khi bn m hp thoi

Create PivotTable, Excel s t ng xc nh a ch ca ton b vng d liu v nhp n
vo trong mc Table/Range ca hp thoi. N u bn mu n xc nh chnh xc a ch ca
vng d liu ngun, bn c th ch n mt trong 3 cch sau:
1. Ch n mt trong vng d liu trc khi m hp thoi. a ch ca vng d liu s

c nhp vo t ng
2. Nhp tr c ti p a ch ca vng d liu trong mc Table/Range ca hp thoi
3. S dng nt Select trong hp thoi ch n vng d liu
C mt cch rt hay v rt nn lm ch cho Excel bi t vng d liu nm u, l to mt

ci tn (Name) cho vng d liu. S dng Name th tin li hn vic nhp a ch hoc ch n
vng d liu mi khi bn mu n tham chi u n chng. tm hiu thm v Name cho vng
d liu, xin c bi: "S dng tn cho dy".
148
Tuy nhin, n u bn s dng mt Table ca Excel 2010 lm d liu ngun cho PivotTable,
th bn khi cn quan tm n Name, bi chnh bn thn Table c sn mt ci tn, khi bn
to n. V khi c Name ca d liu ngun, bn ch vic nhp tr c ti p ci tn ny vo
trong mc Table/Range ca hp thoi Create PivotTable. V d, hnh sau y, d liu
ngun ca PivotTable l mt dy c tn l SalesData:
2.2. S dng d liu ngun t mt bng tnh Excel khc
N u d liu m bn s dng trong PivotTable nm tron mt bng tnh khc, cc bc th to

PivotTable hi khc mt t. Bn s phi xc nh dy (a ch) cha d liu ngun, v tn
ca workbook cha d liu ngun.
Cch d nht th c hin vic ny, l m ng thi hai bng tnh. Mt ci s cha
PivotTable, mt ci cha d liu ngun. Ri lm theo cc bc sau:
1. Ch n (kch hot) workbook s to PivotTable.
2. Nhn nt PivotTable trong tab Insert ca Ribbon m hp thoi Create

PivotTable.
3. Hy chc chn rng ty ch n Select a Table or Range ang c ch n.
4. Nhn nt Select nm pha bn phi ca khung Table/Range, mt hp thoi Create

PivotTable "nh" nh sau y s xut hin:
149
5. Nhn Alt+Tab hoc nhn vo workbook cha d liu ngun kch hot n. Bn s
vn thy ci hp thoi Create PivotTable "nh".
6. Ch n dy cha d liu ngun cho PivotTable. a ch ca n, bao gm c tn ca

workbook, s t ng nhp vo trong hp thoi Create PivotTable "nh":
7. Nhn vo nt Select trn ca s Create PivotTable "nh" chp nhn vng ch n

v ng n li, quay v hp thoi Create PivotTable "ln".
8. Nhn OK quay v bng tnh vi PivotTable va to.
Khi mt PivotTable c "link" ti mt bng tnh bn ngoi, bn ch c th cp nht (update)

PivotTable n u ng link ny ti bng tnh ngun cn tn ti. Khi bng tnh cha d liu
ngun b i tn, b di i ch khc, hoc b xa, bn s khng th cp nht PivotTable. Excel
s hin th mt thng bo li n u bn c lm vic .
C th bn thc mc l ti sao c nhiu ngi khng lm mt PivotTable trong cng mt

bng tnh, m li lm PivotTable trong mt bng tnh khc? Vic ny, tht ra rt hu ch, nht
l i vi nhng d liu khng l, cng knh. C l bn bi t nhng bng tnh cha mt
bng d liu ln th chy chm nh th no. Khi t PivotTable trong mt bng tnh khc,
bn vn c th c c nhng th ng k, m khng cn thi t phi m d liu ngun ra. Hoc
khi bn mu n th ng k d liu t nhiu ngun khc nhau, bn c th to mt workbook trung
gian, cha nhiu PivotTable, m mi PivotTable th "link" n mt d liu ngun ring.
C mt iu bn cn nn bi t, l bn thn PivotTalbe khng bao gi t "refresh" d liu,

ngha l n khng th t ng cp nht khi d liu ngun thay i, bt k d liu ngun nm
trong cng mt workbook vi PivotTable hay nm trong mt worbook khc. Vic tnh ton
li bng tnh (recalculated) cng khng cp nht li d liu cho PivotTable.
Bn phi th c hin chuyn "refresh" bng tay. Bng hai cch:
Nhn chut phi vo PivotTable v ch n lnh Refresh Data
Nhn vo nt Refresh nm trong tab PivotTable|Option trn Ribbon (bn ch thy

tab ny khi bn kch hot PivotTable).
150
2.3. S dng nhiu dy d liu c cng cu trc (Multiple Consolidation Ranges)
Thut ng "Multiple Consolidation Ranges" (nhiu dy d liu c cng cu trc), tht ra

khng phc tp nh ci tn ca n. Tt c ch n gin l to mt PivotTable d a trn hai
hoc nhiu bng d liu (l Table, hay l List trong cc version trc). Nhng ngun d liu
ny c th nm trong cng mt bng tnh, hoc nm trong nhng bng tnh khc nhau.
Nhng, chc nng Create PivotTable ca Excel 2010 m chng ta lm quen t u n
gi, li khng h tr Multiple Consolidate Ranges, v khng c ty ch n ny. s dng
c Multiple Consolidation Ranges, chng ta phi cu vin n chc nng PivotTable and
PivotChart Wizard, mt chc nng c trong nhng version trc ca Excel. Trong Excel
2010, chc nng ny vn cn, nhng b n i. g i n ra, bn phi s dng nhng phm tt
dng g i PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard trong Excel 2003, l: Alt+D+P.
N u nh bn thuc tt c cc phm tt g i lnh trn menu ca Excel 2003, th bn c th

s dng chng trong Excel 2010, cho d Ribbon ca Excel 2010 th chng gi ng g Menu Bar
ca Excel 2003.
s dng c Multiple Consolidation Ranges, bt buc mi danh sch m bn mu n dng

lm d liu ngun cho PivotTable phi c cng cu trc, c ngha l tt c nhng tiu ct
(nm trn hng u tin) v tiu dng (nm trong ct u tin bn tri) phi gi ng ht
nhau. N u nh c mt hng no, hoc ct no nm ring l, th chng s khng c tch hp
vo trong bo co PivotTable.
y l mt v d v cc ngun d liu c th s dng vi chc nng Multiple Consolidation

Ranges:
151
khi ng "Wizard", bn hy nhn Alt+D ri nhn thm phm P. V ti Step 1, nhn vo

ty ch n Multiple Consolidation Ranges:
Sau khi nhn Next sang Step 2a, bn s c 2 ty ch n:
Create a single page field for me Excel t ng to ra mt Page Field n,

vi mi vng d liu ngun l mt mc (item) trong Page Field . Page Field c th
tm hiu nh l chc nng l c "cp 1" ca PivotTable. Trong ca s PivotTable
Field Lists, Page Field chnh l nhng mc nm trong khung Report Filter. N u
khng c, xem nh Page Field = All (xem tt c cc d liu).
I will create the page fields Dng ty ch n ny t to cc Page Field ca ring

bn. Bn c th to t i a l 4 Page Field, mi Page Field l c ra mt thnh phn no
ca cc d liu.
2.3.1. To mt trang tng hp duy nht vi chc nng Create a single page field for me
Bn xem li bng tnh EmployeeData m ti va trnh by bi trc. Bn s thy c 3 danh

sch, mi danh sch l mt phng n tuyn dng nhn vin c th cho cc b phn. V c 3
danh sch u c cng cu trc, cng nh tiu ca cc hng, ct ny l gi ng nhau. to
mt PivotTable d a vo 3 danh sch ny, bn hy s dng PivotTable and PivotChart
Wizard theo cc bc ti trnh by bi trc, v khi ang trong Step 2a, hy nh du
vo ty ch n Create a Single-Page Field, ri nhn Next sang Step 2b, ri theo cc bc
sau:
152
1. Nhn vo nt Select bn phi hp Range
2. Ch n dy A3:B9 trong bng tnh.
3. Nhn li vo nt Select a dy va ch n vo trong khung Range.
Ghi ch: Nu bn b qua bc 1, m ch cn dng chut chn trc tip dy A3:B9

trong bng tnh, Excel s t hiu l bn nhn nt Select ri, nn cng s b qua
lun bc 3 ny. Khi bn kt thc vic chn dy bng chut, Excel s a bn vo
thng bc 4 sau y.
4. Nhn nt Add thm dy va ch n vo trong danh sch All Ranges.
5. Lp li bc 1 n bc 4 ch n v thm vo danh sch All Ranges hai dy D3:D9

v G3:G9. Ti y, mn hnh ca bn s gi ng nh sau:
6. Nhn Next sang Step 3.
7. Ti y, bn c th ch n New Worksheet to PivotTable trong mt Sheet mi,

hoc ch n Existing worksheet v nhn chut vo ni bn mu n to PivotTable ngay
trong bng tnh ny.
8. Click Finish.
Bn s c mt PivotTable nh sau:
153
Trong PivotTable ny, nhn Column Labels c mt mi tn x xu ng, bn c th dng n

l c ra ct mu n xem. Trong trng hp ny, do cc d liu ngun ch c mt ct
(Employees), nn nt ny khng cn dng n, nhng n u cc d liu ngun ca bn c
nhiu ct, bn s cn dng n n. Nhn Row Labels cng c mt mi tn x xu ng, dng
l c ra nhng hng mu n xem. Nhng nt x xu ng ny l im c trng m bn c th
thy trong tt c cc PivotTable.
Cn nt x xu ng ca nhn Page1 th c g c bit? N cho php bn l c ra d liu ngun

no mu n xem, nh bn thy hnh sau y, khi nhn vo n. Cc mc Item1, Item2 v
Item3 tham chi u n 3 d liu ngun m bn dng lm d liu ngun cho PivotTable.
Bn c th ch n tng hp d liu theo tt c cc ngun (All), hoc ch 1 ngun no . N u
mu n tng hp nhiu hn 1 ngun d liu, bn phi nhn vo ty ch n Select Multiple
Items.
154
Bn hy th s dng cc nt x xu ng bn cnh cc nhn, xem chng lm vic nh th

no. L c l mt trong chc nng quan tr ng nht ca mt PivotTable, bn cn hiu r cch
l c ca mt PivotTable, c th d dng ti p cn vi nhng chc nng cao cp hn.
Trong PivotTable m chng ta th c hnh trong bi ny, c ct Grand Total, l mt mc

nh ca PivotTable. Tuy nhin, bi v cc d liu ngun ca chng ta ch c 1 ct, nn
khng cn thi t n ct Grand Total, ti s ni v cch b ci ct ny i trong bi sau.
2.3.2. To mt PivotTable c nhiu trang tng hp t nhng d liu ngun c cng cu

trc
Trong cng vic hng ngy, nht l khi phi thng xuyn tng hp nhng d liu kiu nh:
Bo co doanh thu qu I, Bo co doanh thu qu II, Bo co doanh thu qu III, v.v..., bn nn
s dng PivotTable, vi ty ch n th 2 khi ang trong Step 2a ca PivotTable and
PivotChart Wizard: I will create the page fields.
Ty ch n ny rt thch hp khi tng hp t nhiu ngun d liu c cng cu trc, m nhng

ngun d liu c cng tiu , ch khc vi con s dng tng hp (theo qu, theo nm,
theo thng...), chng hn nh bng tnh ny:
155
y l 4 bng tng hp s h c sinh t yu cu theo tng mn, v theo tng h c k trong hai
nm h c 2005, 2006; c 4 u c chung tiu Year ... Semester ....
Chng ta hy th. Bn hy s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard theo cc bc ti

trnh by bi 2.3, v khi ang trong Step 2a, hy nh du vo ty ch n I will create
the page fields, ri nhn Next sang Step 2b, ri theo cc bc sau:
1. Nhp kh i d liu ngun th nht (A2:B8) vo trong khung Range
2. Nhn nt Add thm n vo trong danh sch All Ranges
3. Lp li hai bc trn ba ln, thm 3 kh i d liu cn li (D2:D8, A11:B17, v

D11:E17) vo trong danh sch All Ranges. Ti thi im ny, mn hnh ca bn s
gi ng nh hnh sau:
156
4. Nhn vo ty ch n 2 phn How many page fields do you want?
5. Bn s thy phn ang m m di cng ca hp thoi PivotTable and

PivotChart Wizard m ra 2 ci: Field one v Field two (bn ch c th c t i a 4
trang tng hp).
6. Ti y, hy tm dng mt cht vch ra mt vi tng cho vic th ng k d liu.

Bn cn c bao nhiu trang tng hp? Hay ni cch khc, bn cn th ng k d liu
theo my tiu ch? Hy nhn vo tiu ca 4 d liu ngun. chng ta c hai
nm h c: 2005 v 2006, v hai h c k (semester): h c k 1 v h c k 2. Vy, tng
hay nht, c l l th ng k theo nm l c ra d liu ca tng nm, hoc c 2 nm; v
ng thi cng th ng k theo tng h c k, l c ra d liu ca tng h c k hoc c 2
h c k. Nh vy, chng ta cn c hai trang tng hp, l l do ti sao bc 4 trn
y, ti ni bn nhn vo ty ch n 2. Mi bn ti p tc:
7. Trong danh sch All Ranges, ch n dy u tin: A2:B8, dy ny l s liu ca h c k

1 nm 2002.
8. Nhp Year 2002 vo trong Field one.

157
9. Nhp Semester 1 vo trong Field two.
10. Ch n ti p dy th hai: D2:E8, dy ny l s liu ca h c k 1 nm 2003.
11. Nhp Year 2003 vo trong Field one.
12. Bi v trong Field two c sn Semester 1, nn thay v nhp, bn c th ch n n t

nt mi tn x xu ng.
13. Ch n dy th ba: A11:B17, dy ny l s liu ca h c k 2 nm 2002.
14. Ch n Year 2002 t nt mi tn x xu ng cho Field one.
15. Nhp Semester 2 vo trong Field two.
16. Ch n dy cu i cng: D11:E17, ch n Year 2003 cho Field one v Semester 2 cho
Field two t cc nt mi tn x xu ng.
Nhn Next hon tt PivotTable v t n trong cng Sheet hay trong mt Sheet khc,
ty bn. Thnh qu ca chng ta gi ng nh sau, l mt PivotTable tng hp tt c s h c sinh
t yu cu ca c hai nm h c 2002 v 2003, th ng k chi ti t theo tng mn h c:
158
N u bn nhn nhn Page 1, bn s c hai l a ch n: Year 2002 v Year 2003; cng vy, khi
nhn nhn Page 2, bn s c hai l a ch n: Semester 1 v Semester 2.
Bi v trong PivotTable ny ch c 1 ct, nn bn c th b ci Grand Total i bng cch:

nhn phi chut vo ngay nhn Grand Total, v ch n Remove Grand Total t menu m ra.
2.4. To mt PivotTable s dng d liu ngun t mt bo co PivotTable c
159
L a ch n cu i cng cho vic to mt PivotTable l d a vo mt PivotTable hoc mt

PivotChart c. Ni cch khc, ta s dng Summary Data ca mt PivotTable c lm
Raw Data cho bo co th hai.
C hai cch to mt PivotTable l d a vo mt PivotTable c:
N u bn s dng Excel 2010, bn ch vic g i lnh to mt PivotTable nh vn

thng lm, v ch n mt PivotTable c sn lm d liu ngun cho n.
N u bn s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard, nh du vo ty ch n

Another PivotTable or PivotChart Report bc 1 (ty ch n ny ch xut hin khi
bng tnh ca bn c cha t nht mt PivotTable). Sau khi bn nhn Next, bn s
thy mt danh sch cc PivotTable hoc PivotChart ang c, ri bn ch n mt ci
lm d liu ngun.
Ti sao li s dng mt PivotTable c lm d liu ngun cho mt PivotTable khc?

Trong nhiu trng hp, t nht l lc ban u, bn PivotTable th hai s c cng mt d liu
ngun vi bn PivotTable th nht. Nhng vi vic nh dng cho bn PivotTable th hai,
bn s to ra c hai cch xem cho cng mt d liu ngun, rt hu dng cho mt s gii
php x l d liu. V d, bn c mt PivotTable tng hp d liu, nhng c l vn cn
mt t rc r i (v d liu c nhiu vn cn x l). Bng cch to thm mt PivotTable na
d a vo PivotTable c, bn s c c mt ci nhn c th hn, d xem hn v d liu
ngun.
Thm na, vic to mt PivotTable s dng d liu ngun t mt PivotTable c, s t

chi m dng b nh h th ng hn l to 2 PivotTable t mt d liu ngun. Thi t ngh y
cng l mt vn cn cn nhc khi chng ta phi x l nhng d liu ln.
4.2.3 S dng cc cng c ca PivotTable v nh dng PivotTable
Excel c mt s cng c c thi t k c bit cho cc bo co PivotTable. Bn s thy

nhng cng c ny trn Ribbon Options v Design, xut hin khi c mt PivotTable c
kch hot.
160
Khi kch hot mt PivotTable, bn s thy c thm Ribbon Options v Design
3.1. Tm hiu PivotTable Field List
C l cng c m bn s phi ng n thng xuyn nht khi lm vic vi PivotTable l

Field List. Bn dng Field List ch ra loi d liu no s c a vo bo co PivotTable,
v sp x p chng trong bo co.
Khi bn va ra lnh to mi mt PivotTable, bn s c mt bo co rng. Khi , PivotTable

Field List hin th tt c nhng Field c trong d liu ngun. y l mt v d:
Mt PivotTable mi tinh, pha bn phi l PivotTable Field List, cha c field no c

ch n
thm mt field no vo trong bo co PivotTable, bn ch cn nh du vo hp kim

ngay bn cnh tn field. Excel s thm field vo mt trong 4 vng nm phn di ca
PivotTable Field List.
161
B n vng ny l:
1. Report Filter: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c dng l c

ton b d liu ngun. Ni cch khc, PivotTable ch hin th nhng d liu no tha
mn iu kin ca Report Filter.
2. Columns Label: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c dng lm

tiu ct cho bo co PivotTable.
3. Row Label: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c dng lm tiu
hng cho bo co PivotTable.
4. Values: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny s c tnh tng theo mc

nh v hin th trn vng ni dung chnh (main body) ca PivotTable, ni cch khc,
y chnh l nhng th ng k t d liu ngun, m bn mu n c khi s dng
PivotTable.
Khi bn nh du kim vo mt field no , lm sao Excel bi t bn mu n em field vo

vng no ? n gin thi: N u field ch cha nhng d liu l s , th n s c em vo
trong vng Values, cn n u field c cha nhng loi d liu khc (text, ngy thng...) th n
s c em vo trong vng Row Labels. Tuy nhin, vic Excel em field vo trong vng
no th khng quan tr ng. Bi v bn c th di chuyn cc field t vng ny sang vng khc,
n u thy cn thi t.
Xem v d sau y, minh h a mt PivotTable cng vi Field List ca n. Bn s bi t cch to

ra PivotTable ny trong bi sau. Cn by gi, hy lt qua cc vng m ti nh s trong
hnh, tng ng vi 4 vng ca Field List m ti va trnh by trn.
1. Region c t trong vng Report Filter, v n nm trong vng Filter ca bo co

( trn cao, gc tri), c chc nng l c ton b d liu ngun.
2. Date c t trong vng Row Labels, v n l cc tiu hng ca bo co

PivotTable.
3. Store c t trong vng Column Labels, v n l cc tiu ct ca bo co

PivotTable.
4. Camping (chnh xc hn, l Sum of Camping) c t trong vng Values, v n l

cc d liu c l c ra trong bo co PivotTable.
162
Bi ti p theo s trnh by cch s dng Field List sp x p cch trnh by mt PivotTable

theo nh bn mu n.
..............
163
PivotTable Field List, vi cc field c thm vo trong 4 vng bn di
3.2. S dng PivotTable Field List
bi trc, bn bi t rng khi a mt Field vo trong mt vng ca Field List, th n s

nm u trong PivotTable, hay ni cch khc, vic a Field vo mt trong b n vng ca
Field List s nh hng th no n cu trc ca PivotTable. Bi ny s trnh by cho bn
thay i cu trc bng cch s dng Field List.
Trc h t, mi bn m file SportingGoodsRawData.xlsx ( cu i bi ny). Yu cu t ra l

th ng k lng hng phc v cho d ngoi (Camping) bn c theo ca hng (Store) v
theo ngy (Date) ca tng vng (Region).
Bn theo cc bc sau:
1. Nhn con tr vo bt k no trong vng d liu.
2. Nhn nt PivotTable t Ribbon Insert m hp thoi Create PivotTable.
3. Nhn OK. Excel s to mt PivotTable "rng" nh hnh sau:
Hnh 3.4. PivotTable, lc ban u
164
4. Trong Field List, ch n (click vo hp kim ngay bn tri) cc Field Store, Region,
Camping, v Date.
Ti lc ny, bng tnh ca bn s gi ng hnh 3.5.
PivotTable vi cu trc theo mc nh, cha chnh sa
Bn thy y. Field Camping v Store u c t trong vng Values, bi Excel thy

chng cha ton cc d liu kiu s . Field Region v Date c em vo trong vng Row
Labels bi chng c cha nhng d liu kiu ngy thng v text.
D nhin, cu trc ny ca PivotTable khng phi l th chng ta cn, chnh xc hn, v c

bn th n ch c ch li g, bi v mc ch ca chng ta l th ng k lng hng phc v cho
d ngoi (Camping) bn c theo ca hng (Store) v theo ngy (Date) ca tng vng
(Region). Tt c nhng g cn lm t c mc ch, l sp x p li cc field trong cc
vng ca Field List.
165
Bn c th di chuyn mt field sang vng khc bng hai cch:
Click vo field mu n di chuyn v r (drag) n vo trong vng khc.
Nhn vo nt mi tn x xu ng bn cnh tn field ( trong mt vng no ), ri

ch n lnh Move to XXXX (vi XXXX l tn ca vng bn mu n di field ny n).
Dng nt mi tn x xu ng di field Region vo vng Report Filter
V th c hin nhng vic sau:
Di field Region vo vng Report Filter
Di field Store (ang mang tn l Sum of Store) vo vng Column Labels
PivotTable ca bn lc ny s gi ng nh hnh sau:
166
PivotTable sau khi c chnh sa
Cu i cng, bn hy nh dng cho gi tr trong PivotTable theo dng tin t:
Nhn vo nt mi tn x xu ng cnh field Sum of Camping trong vng Values
Ch n Value Field Settings trong danh sch m ra, m hp thoi Value Field
Settings.
167
Ch n Value Field Setting cho field Sum of Camping
Nhn vo nt Number Format m hp thoi Format Cells quen thuc.
168
Nhn nt Number Format m hp thoi Format Cells
Ch n loi nh dng Currency (tin t), ri nhn OK hai ln tr v PivotTable.
PivotTable ca bn cu i cng s gi ng nh sau, v cng l tt c nhng g chng ta mu n.
PivotTable hon chnh theo yu cu

169
3.3. Thit lp cc ty chn cho PivotTable Field List
Hp thoi Field List s t ng hin ra mi khi bn nhn chut vo bt k ch no trong

PivotTable, ngha l khi PivotTable c kch hot th hp thoi Field List s t ng m ra.
Tuy nhin, bn c th ng hp thoi Field List bng cch nhn vo nt Field List trn
Ribbon Options (v nhn vo mt ln na m n ra li).
Nhn vo nt ny ng hoc m hp thoi Field List
Cng gi ng nh m i hp thoi khc, bn c th di chuyn Field List ti bt k ni no bn

thch bng cch nhn vng tiu ca hp thoi v r chut i, hoc thu nh n li hay m
rng n ra bng cch nhn v ko cc cnh bin.
Bnh thng, hp thoi Field List hin th danh sch cc Field pha trn, v sp x p 4 vng
d liu s hin th trong PivotTable bn di. Bn c th thay i s sp x p ny bng cch
nhn vo ci nt nm pha trn bn phi ca hp thoi Field List, v ch n 1 trong 5 kiu
hin th t menu m ra:
170
Ch n cc kiu hin th khc cho hp thoi Field List
Hp thoi Field List cn c mt ty ch n na, nm gc di bn tri: Defer Layout

Update, gip bn tm ngng vic t ng cp nht d liu trong PivotTable.
171
Nhn vo nt ny tm thi ngng chc nng t ng cp nht cho PivotTable
Bnh thng, ty ch n ny khng c bt. Bt k nhng thay i no ca bn trong hp

thoi Field List (di chuyn, thm, xa cc field, thi t lp nh dng s cho mt field no ,
v.v...) s c cp nht ngay tc khc trong PivotTable. N u bn c mt PivotTable ln,
phc tp, nht l khi PivotTable s dng ngun d liu t bn ngoi Excel, vic t ng cp
nht ny s din ra kh chm chp v mt thi gian. Bn c th bt ty ch n Defer Layout
Update tm ngng vic t ng cp nht, v sau khi hi lng vi cch b tr cc Field
vo cc vng d liu, bn nhn nt Update tt c nhng thay i ca bn c cp nht
cng mt lc.
Chng 5: Th Trong Excel
5.1 Gii thiu th
th gip trnh by cc s liu kh khan bng vic v thnh cc hnh nh tr c quan, d hiu.
th c lin k t vi d liu ca n trong bng tnh, do khi thay i d liu ca n
172
trong bng tnh th lp tc th s thay i tng ng theo. Trong Excel 2010 vic v th
cha bao gi d dng v p nh by gi. Excel c rt nhiu kiu th khc nhau phc v
cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau ca rt nhiu loi i tng s dng bng tnh, chng ta s
cng nhau khm ph th gii th ca Excel trong bi h c ny. th l mt i tng
(object) ca Excel, i tng ny cha cc d liu v biu din thnh hnh nh vi mu sc
v kiu dng rt phong ph. Nhn chung, Excel c 2 loi th l th nm trong
WorkSheet (cn g i l Embedded chart) v ChartSheet. chuyn i qua li gia 2 loi
th ny ta lm nh sau: Ch n th Chart Tools Design Location Move
Chart n Object in + Tn Sheet ( th nm trong Worksheet) hay ch n New sheet +
Nhp tn ChartSheet vo.
Ch n ChartSheet hay Embedded chart
5.2. V th
Phn ny trnh by cc bc v th t mt bng s liu cho trc v mt s ty ch n ca

th. K t qu nghin cu v s tha mn ca cc nhm khch hng phn theo tui c
cho nh hnh bn di, n u chng ta dng k t qu ny bo co cng khng c vn g,
tuy nhin bo co s sinh ng v thuy t phc hn n u chng ta bi n cc con s ny thnh
th c nhn thy mt cch tr c quan hn.
173
Bng s liu nghin cu
Hy lm theo cc bc sau v th: B1. Ch n vng d liu A3:D9, ch n lun cc nhn

ca cc ct. B2. Ch n kiu th t Ribbon Insert Charts. Mi nhm th bao
gm nhiu kiu khc nhau, v d chng ta ch n nhm Column Clustered Column.
Ch n kiu th
B3. Xong bc 2 l chng ta c ngay mt th dng ct nh hnh trn, tuy nhin chng
ta c th i cc b tr ca cc thnh phn trn th. Chn th Chart Tools
174
Design Chart Layout n cch b tr thch hp. V d ta ch n kiu Layout 3

trong Chart Layout.
L a ch n layout
B4. o cc chui s liu t dng thnh ct v ngc li: Chart Tools Design Data
Switch Row/Column. Chng ta th c hin lnh ny khi cc th bc trn cha hin
th ng nh mong mu n. V d chng ta mu n nhm cc nhm tui li d so snh gia
cc thng vi nhau.
175
o dng/ ct
B5. N u thy kiu th trn khng p, chng ta c th i sang kiu khc bng cch: Chart
Tools Design Type Change Chart Type, hp thoi Insert Chart hin th lit k
ton b cc kiu th hin c ca Excel tha h cho bn l a ch n.
Hp thoi Insert Chart v ch n kiu th khc
176
B6. Ngoi ra, n u bn thy tng mu ca th cha p th vo ch n Chart Tools
Design Chart Styles n More ( ).
Ch n Chart Style
177
5.3. Cc thao tc trn th
a. Nhn bit cc thnh phn trn th
Cc thnh phn thng dng
1. Chart Title 7. Horizontal Axis
2. Chart Area 8. Data Table
3. Plot Area 9. Horizontal Axis itle
4. Data Label 10. Vertical Gridlines
5. Legend 11. Vertical Axis
6. Horizontal Gridlines 12. Vertical Axis Title
Mt s thnh phn ch c trong th 3-D
o Back wall: Mu/ hnh hn pha sau th
o Side wall: Mu/ hnh nn cc cnh bn ca th

178
o Floor: Mu/ hnh nn bn di th
o Column depth: su ca cc thnh phn biu din chui s liu di dng 3-D.
b. Cc thao tc vi th
Chn thnh phn trn th
o Cch d nht l dng chut nhp ln thnh phn cn ch n, thnh phn c ch n s

c 4 hoc 8 nt xut hin bao quanh.
Khi th c ch n, chng ta c th dng cc phm mi tn di chuyn n

cc thnh phn trong th.
o Ngoi ra, bn c th ch n cc thnh phn ti Chart Tools Format Current

Selection
Ch n thnh phn trn th
Di chuyn th
th l Embedded Chart, nhp tri chut ln th vng Chart Area ch n th di

chuyn, khi u con tr chut c thm k hiu mi tn 4 chiu (xem hnh di).
Gi tri chut v di chuyn th n ni khc.
Thay i kch thc th
th l Embedded Chart, hp tri chut ln th vng Chart Area ch n th cn

thay i kch thc, khi xung quanh th xut hin 8 nt nm.
179
Di chuyn chut vo cc nt ny, gi tri chut v ko hng v tm th thu nh v

hng ra ngoi phng to.
Sao chp th
Ch n th, dng t hp phm <Ctrl+C> chp th vo b nh, ri di chuyn n mt

no trong bng tnh v nhn <Ctrl+V> dn th vo.
Xa th
Ch n th sau nhn phm Delete xa th. xa Chart Sheet, trc tin hy

ch n Chart Sheet, sau nhp phi chut v ch n Delete t th c n ng cnh hin ra.
Thm cc thnh phn ca th
Ch n th Chart Tools Design Chart Layouts S dng cc nhm lnh

to cc thnh phn tng ng trn th c thi t k sn nh t a , ch thch, cc nhn,
ng li,
Sp xp v xa cc thnh phn ca th
Mt s thnh phn trong th c th di chuyn c nh t a , ch thch, nhn. Mu n di

chuyn thnh phn no trc tin hy dng chut ch n n, sau nhp v gi tri ti cnh
ca thnh phn v ko n v tr mi trong th.
Ngoi ra c th vo Chart Tools Layout ch n t cc danh sch thi t k sn.
xa thnh phn no, bn ch cn dng chut ch n thnh phn v nhn phm Delete.
Cc thnh phn trn th
In th
In th cng gi ng nh in cc i tng khc ca Excel lu Print Preview trc khi in

m bo trang in c tr n vn ni dung.
N u bn mu n in th thnh mt trang ring th hy ch n th v nhp nt Print in,

khi Excel ch ra lnh in th m bn ang ch n.
180
c. Hiu chnh v nh dng th
Vic hiu chnh v nh dng cc thnh phn trn th ta c th dng Ribbon hay dng cc
hp thoi. Cch d th c hin nht l nhp phi chut ln thnh phn cn nh dng v ch n
Format hay nhn <Ctrl+1>. Sau y l minh h a hiu chnh v nh dng mt s thnh
phn ca th.
Hiu chnh Chart Area
Chng ta c th hiu chnh mu sc, hiu ng, ng k, khung, bng cho Chart Area
bnh cch: ch n Chart Area Format Chart Area
nh dng Chart Area
Ngoi ra bn c th vo Ribbon Chart Tools Format nhm Shape Styles c

cung
181
cp rt nhiu mu nh dng d ng sn rt p.
Ghi ch:
Fill: Nhm lnh lin quan n t nn cho thnh phn ang ch n
Border Color: Nhm lnh lin quan n k khung v mu sc ca thnh phn ang ch n
Border Styles: Cc kiu ng kt k khung ca thnh phn ang ch n.
Shadow: Lin quan n vic bng cho thnh phn ang ch n
3-D Format: To hiu ng 3-D cho thnh phn ang ch n.
nh dng bng Ribbon
Hiu chnh Flot Area
Ch n Plot Area Chart Tools Format Shape Styles ch n kiu nh dng
Mu n phng to/ thu nh Plot Area Nhp chut tri vo cc nt bao quan Plot Area v
ko hng v Plot Area thu nh v hng ra ngoi Plot Area phng to.
Hiu chnh tiu th ch thch tiu trc honh v trc tung
Ty theo kiu th ang x l m E xcel cho php bn hiu chnh cc loi tiu ca kiu
th .
182
thm tiu chnh cho th vo: Chart Tools Layout Labels Chart Title
l a ch n kiu t danh sch
thm tiu cho trc honh (hay trc tung) vo Chart Tools Layout Labels
Axis Titles l a ch n kiu t danh sch
thm ch thch vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Legend kiu

t danh sch
thm nhn d liu vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Labels l a

ch n kiu t danh sch
thm bng d liu vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Table l a

ch n kiu t danh sch.
Ngoi ra chng ta c th chn cc Text Box vo th Chart Tools Layout Insert

Text Box.
Hiu chnh ch thch cho th t hp thoi Data Source
183
Hiu chnh ng li ngang v dc
Mu n thm hay b ng li trc tin bn ch n Plot Area, ri vo Chart Tools

Layout Axes Gridlines ch n kiu ph hp t danh sch.
hiu chnh mu sc, kiu ca ng li no th ch n n v vo Chart Tools

Format Shape Style ch n kiu v mu sc theo nhu cu.
Hiu chnh cc trc Mu n hiu chnh thng s cho trc trn th th bn hy ch n trc
Format Axis Sau y l gii thch cc thng s trong hp
thoi Format Axis.
Hp thoi Format Axis ty theo gi tr ca trc m bn ch n
Value Axis
184
Hu h t cc th trnh by gi tr trn trc tung v phn nhm trn trc honh. Cc bn nn

ch n th bi t r hn cng dng ca cc ty ch n.
Minimum Xc nh gi tr nh nht trn trc (gi tr khi u)
o Auto Excel t xc nh
o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc
Maximum Xc nh gi tr ln nht trn trc (gi tr k t thc)
Major unit Xc nh gi tr cc khong chia chnh trn trc.
Minor unit Xc nh gi tr cc khong chia ph trn trc.
Values in reverse order o th t sp x p cc gi tr trn trc
Logarithmic scale Chuyn cc gi tr trn trc sang h logarith vi c s do ta qui nh ti

Base (khng th dng cho gi tr m hay bng 0)
Display units Ch n n v hin th trn trc.
Show display units label on chart Cho hin th cc nhn n v trn th
Major tick mark type Qui nh cch hin th k hiu phn cch chnh trn th.
o None Khng s dng
o Inside Hin th pha bn trong trc
o Outside Hin th pha bn ngoi trc
o Cross Hin th ct ngang trc
Minor tick mark type Qui nh cch hin th k hiu phn cch ph trn th.
185
Axis labels Xc nh cch hin th cc nhn trn trc
o None Khng s dng
o High Hin th pha bn phi trc
o Low Hin th pha bn tri trc
o Next to Axis Hin th k bn trc (theo mc nh)
Horizontal axis crosses Cc l a ch n qui nh cch m trc tung ct trc honh ( i vi

th 3-D chnh l ty ch n Floor crosses at)
o Automatic Do Excel t xc nh.
o Axis value Xc nh gi tr m cc trc s giao nhau
o Maximum axis value Hai trc s giao nhau ti gi tr ln nht trn trc (tung)
Category Axis
Interval between tick marks Xc nh s th hin cc nhm theo khong chia (c bao nhiu
nhm trong mt khong chia, thng l mt nhm).
Interval between labels Xc nh s xut hin ca nhn theo khong chia
o Automatic Excel t xc nh (thng l 1)
o Specify interval unit Xc nh nhn s xut hin sau bao nhiu khong chia trn trc.
Categories in reverse order Cc nhm th hin theo th t ngc li
Label distance from axis Xc nh khong cch ca nhn so vi trc
Axis Type Xc nh loi trc s dng nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis
Vertical axis crosses Cc l a ch n qui nh cch m trc tung ct trc tung
o Automatic Do Excel t xc nh.
o At category number Xc nh s nhm m ti cc trc s giao nhau
186
o At maximum category Hai trc s giao nhau ti gi tr ln nht trn trc
Position Axis Qui nh cch hin th ca cc nhm v nhn trn trc (Dng cho th 2-D
area, column, v line).
o On tick marks Hin ngay k hiu phn cch
o Between tick marks Hin gia cc k hiu phn cch
Time Scale Axis
Minimum Xc nh gi tr (ngy) nh nht trn trc (ngy bt u)
Maximum Xc nh gi tr (ngy) ln nht trn trc (ngy k t thc)
Major unit Xc nh khong chia chnh trn trc (n v l ngy, thng hay nm)
Minor unit Xc nh khong chia ph trn trc (n v l ngy, thng hay nm)
Base Unit Xc nh n v tnh cho trc
Dates in reverse order Hin th theo th t ngc li trn trc
Axis Type Xc nh loi trc s dng nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis
Vertical Axis crosses Cc l a ch n qui nh cch trc tung giao vi trc honh
o Between dates Do Excel t xc nh
o At date Giao nhau ti ngy do bn nhp vo
o At maximum date Giao nhau ti ngy ln nht (gn y nht) trn trc
Position Axis Qui nh cch hin th ca cc nhm v nhn trn trc (Dng cho th 2-D
area, column, v line).
o On tick marks Hin ngay k hiu phn cch
o Between tick marks Hin gia cc k hiu phn cch
187
d. Cc thao tc vi chui s liu trong th
Xa bt mt chui s liu khi th
Ch n chui s liu trn th (V d: ch n ng cung)
Nhn phm Delete trn bn phm xt chui khi th
Minh h a xa chui ng cung khi th
Thm chui mi vo th
Ch n th cn thm chui mi vo.
Chart Tools Design Data Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data Source xut
hin.
Nhp nt Add, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin
t tn cho chui mi ti Series Name (bng tham chi u hoc nhp tr c ti p tn vo t bn

phm) v ch n vng cha d liu ti Series Values
Ngoi ra ta c th thm nhanh chui mi vo th bng cch chp (Ctrl+C) d liu ca n

vo b nh, sau ch n th v dn (Ctrl+V) vo th.
188
Minh h a thm chui d liu ca thng 3/2008 vo th
Thay i chui s liu
Cng vi v d trn nhng ta mu n ch v cho 2 sn phm Giy v Dp
Ch n th cn chnh sa
Chart Tools Design Data Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data Source xut
hin.
Ch n chui cn chnh sa, nhp nt Edit, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin
Ch n li vng d liu mi ti Series Values. Lm tng t cho cc chui s liu khc.
189
Minh h a thay i chui s liu
Ngoi ra chng ta c th s dng hm Series cho th. C php nh sau: =

Series(series_name, category_labels, values, order, sizes) Trong :
Series_name: (ty ch n) tham chi u n cha tn chui, bn c th nhp vn bn tr c

ti p vo nh t trong cp nhy kp.
Category_labels: (ty ch n) tham chi u n vng cha cc nhn cho cc nhm s liu trn
trc, n u b tr ng Excel t nh s cc nhm bt u l s 1. C th nhp tr c ti p cc nhn
vo Tab cch nhau bng du phy v t trong cp ngoc mc {}.
Values: (bt buc) tham chi u n vng cha s liu ca cc chui cn v.
Order: (bt buc) L s nguyn qui nh th t v ca cc chui (n u th c nhiu hn 1

chui)
Sizes: (ch dng cho th bong bng Bubble chart) Tham chi u n vng cha d liu
v kch thc ca bong bng trong th kiu Bubble (s dng trong phn tch ti chnh).
Cc gi tr c th nhp tr c ti p Tab cch nhau bng du phy v t trong cp ngoc mc {}.
190
Minh h a hm Series ca chui s liu thng 3/2008
Thm ng xu hng vo th
Khi v cc th vi d liu theo thi gian chng ta thng v thm ng xu hng bi t

c xu hng trong tng lai ca tp d liu. Mt tp s liu c th c nhiu ng xu
hng ty theo cch phn tch ca chng ta. thm ng xu hng bn vo:
Chart Tools Layout Analysis Trendline ch n kiu ng xu hng t

danh sch hay vo More Trendline Options
191
Minh h a thm ng xu hng vo th
Chng 6: nh Dng Trang V In Bng Tnh
6.1. Cc ch hin th trang trong Excel
Excel 2010 h tr mnh hn trong vic in n, vi nhiu ch xem tr c quan gip bn c th

thy c k t qu in ngay trn mn hnh.
C 3 ch hin th l Nornal View, Page Layout View v Page Break Preview. truy cp
cc ch xem vo nhm View Workbook Views
Normal View: y l ch bn s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh nhp liu,

tnh ton, trn bng tnh v l ch mc nh ca Excel.
192
Page Layout View: L ch xem trc khi in, trong ch ny bn vn c th

tnh ton v nhp liu.
Page Break Preview: Hin th bng tnh Excel vi cc du phn trang, ti y bn

c th chia li trang bng cch ko th cc ng chia cch trang.
6.2. Thit lp thng s cho trang in
Tt c cc ty ch n thi t lp thng s trang in c ti nhm Page Layout Page

Setup (Margins: ty ch n l trang, Orientation: chiu trang ngang hay d c, Size: ty ch n
kh giy, Print Area: ty ch n vng in, Breaks: ty ch n ngt trang, Background: chn hnh
nn, Print Titles: ty ch n in tiu lp li trn mi trang,). Bn c th thi t lp cc thng
s ti y hoc vo hp thoi Page Setup iu chnh. vo hp thoi Page Setup bn
vo nhm Page Layout Page Setup
193
Chiu trang in (Orientation)
1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Orientation Portrait (trang d c)/

ch n Landscape (trang ngang)
2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup Page Orientation

Portrait / Landscape
Kh giy (Size)
1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Size
2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup Page Page size
Canh l giy (Margins)
1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Margins
2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup Margins Top (l trn),

Bottom (l di), Left (l tri), Right (l phi), Header (l tiu u trang), Footer (l tiu
194
chn trang). Ngoi ra cn c ty ch n canh gia: Horizontally (canh gia trang theo chiu
ngang) v Vertically (canh gia trang theo chiu d c)
Chn vng in (Set Print Area)
Qut ch n vng cn in, vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Print Area
Set Print Area.
Ngt trang (Page Break)
Chn ngt trang ngang: Di chuyn hin hnh n ni s chn ngt trang ti ct A,
sau vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks Insert Page
Break. (N u khng ct A s ngt trang theo chiu ngang v d c)
sau
vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks Remove Page Break.
Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks

Reset All Page Breaks.
Thm hnh nn (Background)
Vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Background hnh lu tr trn

my Insert
In tiu dng v ct (Row and column headers)
Vo Ribbon Page Layout Sheet Options Headings Print
In tiu ct v dng lp li cc trang
B1. Vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Print Title
B2. Ti Rows to repeat at top ta qut ch n dng s 1 vo $1:$1
B3. Ti Columns to repeat at left ta qut ch n ct A $A:$A
B4. Nhn OK hon tt.
195
Hnh minh h a ch n in lp li cc tiu dng 1 v ct A
iu chnh t l phng to/ thu nh trang in
Trong mt s trng hp ta cn in nn hay phng to ni dung vo mt s trang nht nh khi

ta dng Ribbon Page Layout Scale To Fit Scale. Ta c th thu nh ti liu
n 10% v phng to ti 400%.
Ngoi ra ta c th p Excel in ti liu ra vi s trang ta qui nh ti Ribbon Page Layout

Scale To Fit Width v Ribbon Page Layout Scale To Fit Height.
In ng li ca cc
in ng li k cc trong bng tnh ta ch n Ribbon Page Layout Sheet

Options Gridline Print.
Thm thng tin vo u trang v chn trang (Header v Footer)
Header cha cc thng tin xut hin u mi trang v Footer cha cc thng tin xut hin
cu i mi trang. Cc phin bn trc ta dng ngn Hearder/ Footer trong hp thoi Page Setup
196
thm Header v Footer nhng phin bn ny lm bng mt cch khc d dng v tr c

quan hn, c bit c th chn hnh vo.
Vo Ribbon View Page Layout

Header v Footer vo.
Lu bn phi nhp chut vo vng Header hoc Footer th nhm lnh Design mi hin ra.
Cc nt lnh trong thanh Design
Cc m lnh v nt lnh trong Header v Footer
Nt lnh M lnh Chc nng
&[Page] Hin th s trang ti liu
&[Pages] Hin th tng s trang c in
&[Date] Hin th ngy hin ti
&[Time] Hin th gi hin ti
&[Path]&[File] Hin th ng dn y n ni lu tp
tin v Tn tp tin
&[File] Hin th tn tp tin
&[Tab] Hin th tn sheet
Khng c Chn hnh l a ch n vo. Bn phi tm n

hnh cn chn vo trong hp thoi Insert
Picture, ch n hnh v nhn nt Insert.
Khng c Thi t lp cc thng c cho hnh chn vo.
197
Do Excel dng k hiu & bt u m lnh, do vy trong trng hp on vn bn trong

Header v Footer cn dng k hiu & th bn hy nhp k hiu ny 2 ln &&. V d bn
mu n nhp Cng thc & Hm vo Header th hy nhp Cng thc && Hm. Cc l a
ch n khc ca Header v Footer:
Different First Page: N u ch n th bn c th thi t lp thng tin khc vo header/

footer ca trang u tin so vi header/ footer ca cc trang cn li trong ti liu.
Different Odd & Even Pages: N u ch n, th bn c th t header/ footer khc nhau

cho cc trang chn v cc trang l.
Scale With Document: N u ch n, kch thc ch ca header/ footer s tng gim

theo ti liu khi ti liu s dng chc nng in c iu chnh t l phng to/ thu nh.
Align With Page Margins: N u ch n, l tri v l phi ca header/ footer canh u

vi l tri v l phi ca ti liu.
6.3. Thit lp thng s hp thoi Print
g i hp thoi Print, bn ch n nt Office

Dng hp thoi ny ch n my in, ch n trang cn in, ch n s lng bn sao v mt s ty
ch n khc.
198
Selection: Ch in vng ang ch n trc nhn lnh Office Print
Active sheet(s): Ch in sheet hin hnh hay cc sheet ang ch n.
Entire workbook: In ton b workbook
Table: Ch c tc dng khi hin hnh ang trong mt bng, n u ch n th ch in

bng ny.
Ignore print areas: Khi ch n, Excel s b qua tt c cc thi t lp vng in th c

hin.
199
6.4. Cc lu khc
Ngn khng cho in mt s vng
Trong mt s trng hp, d liu c cc thng tin nhy cm m bn khng mu n in ra. Khi
Home Cells
Format
T mu ch gi ng vi mu nn ca cc .
V hnh ln vng d liu nhy cm.
Ngn khng cho in cc i tng
Mt s i tng trn bng tnh nh th, hnh v, SmartArt m bn khng mu n in th lm

nh sau:
B1. Nhp phi chut ln i tng v ch n Size and Properties.
B2. Ch n ngn Properties trong hp thoi
B3. B l a ch n ti Print Object.
Chng 7: Lm Vic Vi Macro, Templates
7.1 Macro
Macros l cc tnh nng cao cp c th lm tng tc chnh sa hay nh dng m

bn c th thc hin thng xuyn trong mt bng tnh Excel. Chng ghi li nhng hnh
ng m bn ch n menu cho mt chui cc hnh ng c th c hon thnh
trong mt bc.
Ghi mt Macro
ghi mt Macro:
Kch tab View trn vng Ribbon
Kch Macros
Kch Record Macro
200
Nhp tn cho Marco (khng cha du cch)
Nhp mt phm tt
Nhp vo mc Description gii thch hay m t
th c hin Macro:
Kch Macro
Kch Stop Recording
201
Thc thi Macro
th c thi mt Macro t phm tt, ch cn n vo phm m bn ch n chy Macro.

Hoc bn c th xem tt c cc Macro v th c thi bng cch:
Kch Macros
Kch View Macros
Ch n mt Macro v kch Run
202
Chng 8: Phm Tt V Th Thut
8.1 Phm Tt
a. Truy cp Ribbon bng bn phm
Mi nhn qua giao din Excel chng ta c th tng rng phi s dng Ribbon bng chut
khng th dng t hp <ALT+k t i din> v khng c cc k gch chn nh cc phin
bn trc. Tuy nhin thanh Ribbon vn c th truy cp bng bn phm.
Khi mu n truy cp n cc nhm lnh trn thanh Ribbon nh Home, Insert, ta nhn
phm ALT mt ln (khng cn gi phm ALT). Cc k t i din cho cc nhm lnh s hin
ln, bn ch cn nhn phm trn bn phm tng ng k t i din cn truy cp. Ngoi ra bn
cng c th dng cc phm di chuyn trong thanh Ribbon.
bi t k t i din cho cc nt lnh, bn hy nhn nhn t hp phm <ALT + k t i

din ca nhm lnh>. V d nhm lnh Page Layout (k t i din l P) <ALT+P>.
Khi mu n th c hin mt lnh no trn thanh Ribbon th ta di chuyn () n
lnh v nhn phm Enter hay dng <ALT + K t i din cho nt lnh>.
Khi mu n tr li vng lm vic trn bng tnh, ta nhn phm ALT mt ln hoc nhn phm
ESC.
b. Phm tt
i lc con chut ca my tnh hi d chng v vic qung n i nhiu khi li l bin php hay
nht. Nu gp trng hp nh th th danh sch phm tt di y tht s cn thit cho bn v
cho c nhng ai cn con chut nhng mun thao tc nhanh hn:
Phm tt ngha
Enter Ci d liu vo , di chuyn xu ng di
203
ESC B qua d liu ang thay i
F4 hay Ctrl+Y Lp li thao tc va lm
Alt+Enter Bt u dng mi trong
Backspace Xa k t bn tri hoc vng ch n
Delete Xa k t bn phi hoc vng ch n
Ctrl+Delete Xo tt c ch trong mt dng
Phm mi tn Di chuyn ln xu ng hoc qua li mt k t
Home Chuyn v u dng
Ctrl+D Chp d liu t trn xu ng di
Ctrl+R Chp d liu t bn tri qua phi
Shift+Enter Ghi d liu vo v di chuyn ln trn
trong vng ch n
Tab Ghi d liu vo vo di chyn qua phi
vng ch n
Shift+Tab Ghi d liu vo vo di chyn qua tri
vng ch n
Phm tt ngha
= Bt u mt cng thc
F2 Hiu chnh d liu trong
Backspace Xo k t bn tri trong ang hiu chnh
204
Ctrl+F3 t tn cho vng ch n
F3 Dn mt tn t trong cng thc
F9 Cp nht tnh ton cc Sheet trong Workbook
ang m
Shift+F9 Cp nht tnh ton trong sheet hin hnh
Alt+= Chn cng thc AutoSum
Ctrl+; Cp nht ngy thng
Ctrl+Shift+: Nhp thi gian
Ctrl+K Chn mt Hyperlink
Ctrl+Shift+ Chp gi tr ca pha trn vo v tr con
tr ca hin hnh
Ctrl+ Chp gi tr ca pha trn vo v tr con
tr ca hin hnh
Ctrl+A Hin th Formula Palette sau khi nhp mt
tn hm vo cng thc
Ctrl+Shift+A Chn du ( ) v cc i s ca hm sau khi
nhp tn hm vo cng thc
nh dng d liu
Phm tt ngha
Ctrl+1 Hin th lnh Cell trong menu Format
Ctrl+Shift+~ nh dng s kiu General
205
Ctrl+Shift+$ nh dng s kiu Curency vi hai ch s
thp phn
Ctrl+Shift+% nh dng s kiu Percentage (khng c ch
s thp phn)
Ctrl+Shift+^ nh dng s kiu Exponential vi hai ch
s thp phn
Ctrl+Shift+# nh dng kiu Data cho ngy, thng, nm
Ctrl+Shift+? nh dng kiu Numer vi hai ch s thp
phn
Ctrl+Shift+& Thm ng vin ngoi
Ctrl+Shift+ - B ng vin
Ctrl+B Bt tt ch m, khng m
Ctrl+I Bt tt ch nghing, khng nghing
Ctrl+U Bt tt ch gch di
Ctrl+5 Bt tt ch gch gia khng gch gia
Ctrl+9 n dng
Ctrl+Shift+( Hin th dng n
8.2 Th thut
1. Dch s tin v ch (Chuyn s thnh ch)
Bc 1. M tp tin cn chuyn >> Nhn t hp phm Alt + F11 m trnh son tho VBA
ca Excell
206
Bc 2. Nhp chut phi ln VBA Project >> Insert >> Module >> v dn on m bn
di vo ca s ca Module mi chn
Function ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese(ByVal MyNumber)
Dim Temp
Dim Dollars, Cents
Dim DecimalPlace, Count
ReDim Place(9) As String
Place(2) = " Nghin "
Place(3) = " Trieu "
Place(4) = " Ty "
Place(5) = " Ngan ty "
' Convert MyNumber to a string, trimming extra spaces.
MyNumber = Trim(Str(MyNumber))
' Find decimal place.
DecimalPlace = InStr(MyNumber, ".")
' f we fin ecimal place
If DecimalPlace > 0 Then
' Convert cents
Temp = Left(Mid(MyNumber, DecimalPlace + 1) & "00", 2)
Cents = ConvertTens(Temp)
' Strip off cents from remainder to convert.
MyNumber = Trim(Left(MyNumber, DecimalPlace - 1))
End If
Count = 1
Do While MyNumber <> ""
' Convert last 3 digits of MyNumber to English dollars.
207
Temp = ConvertHundreds(Right(MyNumber, 3))
If Temp <> "" Then Dollars = Temp & Place(Count) & Dollars
If Len(MyNumber) > 3 Then
' Remove last 3 converted digits from MyNumber.
MyNumber = Left(MyNumber, Len(MyNumber) - 3)
Else
MyNumber = ""
End If
Count = Count + 1
Loop
' Clean up dollars.
Select Case Dollars
Case ""
Dollars = "khong Nghin"
Case "One"
Dollars = "Mot Nghin"
Case Else
Dollars = Dollars & " Nghin"
End Select
' Clean up cents.
Select Case Cents
Case ""
Cents = " va khong Dong"
Case "One"
Cents = " va mot Dong"
Case Else
208
Cents = " va " & Cents & " Dong"
End Select
ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese = Dollars & Cents
End Function
Private Function ConvertHundreds(ByVal MyNumber)
Dim Result As String
' Exit if there is nothing to convert.
If Val(MyNumber) = 0 Then Exit Function
' Append leading zeros to number.
MyNumber = Right("000" & MyNumber, 3)
' Do we have a hundreds place digit to convert?
If Left(MyNumber, 1) <> "0" Then
Result = ConvertDigit(Left(MyNumber, 1)) & " Tram "
End If
' Do we have a tens place digit to convert?
If Mid(MyNumber, 2, 1) <> "0" Then
Result = Result & ConvertTens(Mid(MyNumber, 2))
Else
' If not, then convert the ones place digit.
Result = Result & ConvertDigit(Mid(MyNumber, 3))
End If
ConvertHundreds = Trim(Result)
End Function
Private Function ConvertTens(ByVal MyTens)
Dim Result As String
' Is value between 10 and 19?
209
If Val(Left(MyTens, 1)) = 1 Then
Select Case Val(MyTens)
Case 10: Result = "Muoi"
Case 11: Result = "Muoi mot"
Case 12: Result = "Muoi hai"
Case 13: Result = "Muoi ba"
Case 14: Result = "Muoi bon"
Case 15: Result = "Muoi lam"
Case 16: Result = "Moi sau"
Case 17: Result = "Muoi bay"
Case 18: Result = "Muoi tam"
Case 19: Result = "Muoi chin"
Case Else
End Select
Else
' .. otherwise its between 20 an 99.
Select Case Val(Left(MyTens, 1))
Case 2: Result = "Hai muoi "
Case 3: Result = "Ba muoi "
Case 4: Result = "Bon muoi "
Case 5: Result = "Nam muoi "
Case 6: Result = "Sau muoi "
Case 7: Result = "Bay muoi "
Case 8: Result = "Tam muoi "
Case 9: Result = "Chin muoi "
Case Else
210
End Select
' Convert ones place digit.
Result = Result & ConvertDigit(Right(MyTens, 1))
End If
ConvertTens = Result
End Function
Private Function ConvertDigit(ByVal MyDigit)
Select Case Val(MyDigit)
Case 1: ConvertDigit = "Mot"
Case 2: ConvertDigit = "Hai"
Case 3: ConvertDigit = "Ba"
Case 4: ConvertDigit = "Bon"
Case 5: ConvertDigit = "Nam"
Case 6: ConvertDigit = "Sau"
Case 7: ConvertDigit = "Bay"
Case 8: ConvertDigit = "Tam"
Case 9: ConvertDigit = "Chin"
Case Else: ConvertDigit = ""
End Select
End Function
Bc 3. Nhn phm Alt + F11 mt ln na v nhn Ctrl + S save li ton b ti liu.
Bc 4. n y, bn c th s dng cng thc =ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese(B3)

chuyn i tin t t s v ch (vi B3 l s tin bng ch s )
V d: B3 c gi tr l: 123456 th k t qu =ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese(B3) tr v l
Mot Tram Hai muoi Ba Nghin Bon Tram Nam muoi Sau Nghin va khong Dong
211
2. Giu bng tnh Excel chuyn nghip
Trong cng vic vn phng, nu bn cn giu mt bng tnh trong ti liu Excel m khng
mun ngi khc dng lnh Format > Sheet > Unhide xem bng tnh, m theo cch
thng thng khi bn dng lnh Format > Sheet > Hide giu cc bng tnh (nu khng
c bo v bng mt khu) th ch cn ngi khng chuyn thi cng c th dng lnh
Format > Sheet > UnHide lm cho n hin ra bng tnh ri.
Nhng khi bn p dng th thut ny th bng tnh ca bn s c an ton hn rt nhiu

v y cng l mt "phng n" mi cc bn c tham kho v c thm c nhiu s
la chon trong cng vic ca mnh Cc thc hin nh sau: Trong bng tnh cn c bo
mt, bn hy nhn ALT+F11 m ca s Microsoft Visual Basic ra. Trong ca s Project -
VBA Project, nhp p vo VBA Project, tip tc nhp p vo Microsoft Excel Objects
m cc bng tnh trong ti liu sau ri chn bng tnh m bn mun giu -> ri nhn F4.
Trong ty chn Visible bn nhp vo du tam gic chn 2-xlSheetVeryHidden, cui cng
ng Microsoft Visual Basic ny li v xem kt qu th no Khi no mun bng tnh hin ra
tr li, th bn ch cn thc hin li cc thao tc trn v chn -1-xlSheetVisible l c.
3. Kha v bo v nhng c cha cng thc
Chiu ny gip bn cho php ngi khc thay i cc c cha d liu, nhng cm h
thay i cc cha cng thc. Bn cng c th bo v cc c cha cng thc m khng
cn phi bo v ton b trang tnh ca bn.
212
Khi to mt bng tnh, thng chng ta s phi dng n mt s cng thc, v khi chia s
bng tnh cho m i ngi, c th bn mu n rng, khng ai c th can thip (xa, sa...) nhng
vo nhng c cha cng thc. Cch d nht l cng ph bi n nht l Protect (bo v) bng
tnh. Tuy nhin, Protect bng tnh khng ch ngn khng cho can thip vo cc cha cng
thc, m n khng cho can thip vo tt c, ngha l khng ai c th lm g bng tnh ca bn.
i khi, bn li khng mu n nh vy, bn ch mu n bo v cc cha cng thc thi, cn
nhng cha d liu th khng.
C ba gii php th c hin iu ny: Kha nhng cha cng thc, s dng chc nng
Data-validation cho cc cha cng thc, v t ng bt tt chc nng bo v.
Kha cc cha cng thc
Theo mc nh, tt c cc trong bng tnh u c kha (locked), tuy nhin, n chng c
tc dng g tr phi bn p dng lnh Protect bng tnh. y l cch d nht p dng lnh
Protect cho bng tnh, nhng ch nhng cha cng thc th mi b kha, v c bo v:
Ch n ton b bng tnh, bng cch nhn Ctrl+A, hoc nhn vo ci vung nm giao im
ca ct A v hng 1. Ri nhn nt phi chut v ch n Format Cells, ri trong tab
Protection, b nh du ty ch n Locked, ri nhn OK:
213
M kha (Unlock) ton b bng tnh bng cch b ty chn Locked
Sau , bn ch n i mt no , ch n Home Find & Select Go To Special; hoc
nhn Ctrl+G hay F5 ri nhn vo nt Special.... Hp thoi sau y s m ra:
214
Dng hp thoi Go To Special chn cc c cha cng thc
Trong hp thoi , bn nhn vo ty ch n Formulas, v n u cn thi t th ch n hoc khng

ch n thm 4 nh di (lit k cc loi cng thc, mc nh th c 4 ny u c ch n),
v nhn OK. Sau , bn m li hp thoi Format Cells ni trn, nhng ln ny th bn
nh du vo ty ch n Locked, v n u bn thch n lun cng thc (khng cho thy) th nh
du vo ty ch n Hidden, nhn OK.
Vic cu i cng l Protect bng tnh: Ch n Home trn Ribbon, nhn vo Format trong nhm
Cells, ri nhn vo Protect Sheet...; hoc ch n Review trn Ribbon, ri nhn vo Protect
Sheet [E2003: Tools | Protection | Protect Worksheet]:
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Chn Protect Sheet t Home
Chn Protect Sheet t Review
Trong hp thoi Protect Sheet, b nh du ty ch n Select locked cells, ch cho php

Select unlocked cells (ch n nhng khng kha), v nhp vo mt password, n u cn thi t:
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B ty chn Select locked cells trong hp thoi Protect Sheet
Vy l xong. T by gi, nhng cha cng thc ca bn s c bo v, c th khng xem

thy c n u bn ch n Hidden, bn khng lo nhng cng thc ny b can thip na.
S dng Data-validation
S dng Data-validation, ch l n gin khng cho ghi vo nhng c cha cng thc,
ngha l khng cho sa cng thc. Tuy nhin, phng php ny ch phng nga cho chnh
bn, ngha l trnh vic ty my sa li ci g trong nhng cha cng thc, ch tht ra,
mc d c "Validation", bn vn c th xa cng thc, hoc dn vo nhng bt k
d liu no bn thch... Ni chung n khng bo v c g nhiu. Nhng cng xin ni s
qua v phng php ny:
th c hin, bn hy ch n nhng cha cng thc bng chc nng Go To Specials m

ti ni trn. Ri, vi nhng cha cng thc ang c ch n, bn g i Data Validation
t menu Data trn Ribbon [E2003: Data | Validation]. Trong hp thoi ny, ch n tab
Settings, ch n Custom cho khung Allow, v nhp cng thc ny: =" " vo khung Formula,
ri nhn OK, nh hnh sau:
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S dng Data Validation bo v nhng cha cng thc
K t y, mi khi bn nhp bt k th g vo trong nhng cha cng thc, hoc bn mu n

sa li cng thc, s c mt cnh bo xut hin, ngn khng cho bn nhp vo. Xin nhc li,
phng php ny khng cm vic xa hn cng thc, cng nh dn th g vo nhng
cha cng thc.
T ng bt tt chc nng bo v
Phng php ny, s t ng bt chc nng bo v bng tnh (Protect) mi khi bn ch n mt

c kha (locked), nhng n cng s t ng tt chc nng bo v khi bn ch n mt
khng b kha.
bt u, bn hy chc chn rng nhng bn mu n bo v ( cha cng thc) c

kha, cn nhng khng cn bo v th khng b kha, nh ti trnh by phng php
th nht. Sau , bn nhn Alt+F11, nhn vo Sheet m bn mu n bo v cc kha
trong , ri nhp vo trong khung son tho on code sau y:
Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange(ByVal Target As Range)
If Target.Locked = True Then
Me.Protect Password:="Secret"
Else
Me.Unprotect Password:="Secret"
End If
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End Sub
Nu khng cn n password, bn khng cn ng on Password:="Secret", hoc nu mun

Password l th g khc, bn sa li ch Secret bng ci bn mun.
Nu bn lo rng ngi ta c th vo trong khung son tho VBA xem password, bn c th bo v
cc code ny (khng cho xem) bng cch chn Tools VBAProject Properties, chn tab Properties,
chn Lock Project for Viewing, v nhp vo mt password.
Tuy nhin, phng php ny cng khng hot ng hon ho, mc n cng gi p bn c phn
no vic bo v cc cng thc. T kha Target c s dng trong on code s ch tham chiu
n ang "active" ngay ti thi im n c chn (xin ni thm, cho d bn chn mt dy,
nhng trong y , ch c mt "active" m thi, l ang c mu khc vi nhng cn li). V l
do ny, nu mt ngi no chn mt dy cc (vi "active" khng b kha), th ngi c th
xa ton b dy ny, bi v khi th chc nng Unprotect c t ng bt!
4. S dng Data-Validation khi danh sch ngun nm trong mt Sheet khc
S dng Data-Validation l mt cch d nht p dng mt quy tc nhp liu cho mt dy d

liu. Theo mc nh, Excel ch cho php Data-Validation s dng nhng danh sch ngun nm
trong cng mt Sheet vi dy d liu s c p dng quy tc ny. Tuy nhin, vn c cch lch
khi chuyn .
Chiu ny s gip bn lm cho Data-Validation c th s dng nhng danh sch ngun nm trong
mt Sheet khc. Cch th nht l li dng chnh vic t tn cho mt dy ca Excel, cch th hai l
s dng mt hm gi ra anh sch .
Cch 1: S dng Name cho dy ngun
C l cch nhanh nht v d nht vt qua ro cn Data-Validation ca Excel l t tn cho dy

m bn s dng lm quy tc nhp liu. bit cch t tn cho dy, bn xem lot bi ny: S dng
tn cho dy.
Gi s bn t tn cho dy s dng lm quy tc nhp liu l MyRange. Bn chn (hoc dy)

trong bt kz Sheet no m bn mun c mt danh sch x ra nhp liu, ri trong menu Data trn
Ribbon, bn chn Data Tools | Data Validation [E2003: Data | Validation]. Chn List trong danh sch
cc Allow, v trong khung Source, bn nhp vo =MyRange. Nhn OK. Bi v bn s dng mt
Name lm List, nn bn c th p dng Data-Validation ny cho bt kz Sheet no.
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Cch 2: S dng hm INDIRECT
Hm INDIRECT() cho php bn tham chiu n cha d liu text i din cho mt a ch . V ri
bn c th s dng nh mt tham chiu cc b, cho d n tham chiu n d liu trong mt
Sheet khc. Bn c th s dng tnh nng ny tham chiu n ni cha dy m bn s dng lm
danh sch ngun cho quy tc Data-Validation.
Gi s, dy cha danh sch ngun ny nm Sheet1, trong dy $A$1:$A$8. to mt Dala-

Validation, bn cng lm nhng bc nh ti ni cch 1, nhng thay v g tn y vo trong
Source, th bn nhp vo cng thc: =INDIRECT("Sheet1!$A$1:$A$8"). Hy chc chn rng ty
chn In-cell drop-down ang c kch hot, v nhn OK.
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Nu tn Sheet ca bn c cha khong trng, hoc c du ting Vit, bn phi t tn Sheet trong
mt cp nhy n ('). V d, gi s tn Sheet cha danh sch ngun l Sheet 1 (ch khng phi
Sheet1), th bn sa cng thc trn li nh sau: =INDIRECT("'Sheet 1'!$A$1:$A$8"). Ch khc nhau
so vi cng thc hi ny l c thm mt du nhy n (') sau u nhy kp ("), v mt du nhy n
(') na trc du chm than (!).
Xin m mt ngoc n: Nu nh c th c, khi gp nhng tham chiu n tn Sheet, bn nn tp

thi quen lun lun b n vo trong cp du nhy n. iu ny, tuy chng c tc dng g vi nhng
tn sheet nh Sheet1, D HH... nhng n s gip bn khng bao gi gp li, khi bn hay t tn
Sheet c khong trng, hay l c b du ting Vit...
u im v Khuyt im ca c hai cch nu trn
t tn cho y, v ng hm ND RECT, u c ci tin li v c ci bt tin.
Tin li ca vic t tn cho dy, l vic bn thay i tn Sheet chng c nh hng g n Data-
Vali ation. V chnh l ci bt tin ca vic dng INDIRECT, khi bn i tn Sheet, tn mi s
khng t ng cp nht trong cng thc dng INDIRECT, cho nn nu vn mun dng cng thc ny,
bn phi m Data-Validation ra v sa li tn Sheet trong cng thc.
Tin li ca vic dng INDIRECT, l dy dng lm danh sch ngun ca bn lun lun nm yn ch
chn (A1:A8 trong v d trn chng hn). Cn nu bn dng Name, m bn l tay xa mt vi hng
(hoc ct) ngay ch cha Name, th bn phi iu chnh li cho ng...
5. iu khin Conditional Formating bng checkbox.
Mc d Conditional Formating l 1 trong nhng chiu mnh ca Excel, nhng mu n bt hay

tt n bng ribbon hay menu th kh b c bi. By gi ta bi n ho bng cch iu khin bng
1 checkbox gi ng nh 1 cng tc (hoc 1 ci toggle Button cng gi ng hn).
Conditional Formating c t i Excel 97, gn nh dng cho nhng no tho 1 s iu

kin no . iu kin c th l 1 iu kin v gi tr, nhng ta c th tu bi n nhiu hn khi
dng iu kin l cng thc, d a vo ta c th thay i nh dng cho nhng ny, khi c
s thay i gi tr ca khc.
1. Dng 1 Checkbox hoc 1 Toggle Button xem v n d liu:
Bn mu n mt vng d liu no ch hin ra lc cn xem, xem xong th bi n i cho rnh.

Trc tin bn phi gn ln sheet 1 Checkbox hoc 1 Toggle Button. Trong Excel 2010, vo
tab Developer, nhn Insert trong Controls - ch n Checkbox hoc Toggle Button trong Control
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Toolbox, trong Excel 2003 ch n trong view Toolbar Control Toolbox, v ln sheet 1 ci.
Trong hnh, ti lm th 2 ci.
.................
Nhn vo nt design, click ch n ci control bn va v, nhn thm nt Property. Trong ca

s Property, sa dng Caption thnh View/ Hide, sa dng Linked Cell thnh $C$2. (c 2010
v 2003 nh nhau, c checkbox v Toggle Button nh nhau).
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By gi khi bn click ch n checkbox hoc nhn nt Toggle, C2 s ln lt c cc gi tr

TRUE v FALSE.
..................
By gi gi s vng d liu ca bn gm 4 fields, trong bn ch mu n 3 fields hin thng

xuyn, cn field th 4 th khi no cn mi hin ra xem, khng cn th du i. Bn nh du
ch n vng cha field 4, trong 2010 bn vo tab Home, Conditional Formating, New Rule,
ch n ti p use a formula to determine which cells to format, trong 2003 l Fornat -
Conditional Formating - ch n ti p Formula is. Trong k b n, bn g: = $C$2=FALSE.
223
Nhn vo nt Format, nh dng font ch mu trng. Nhn OK v OK. Nhn nt design 1 ln

na thot ta khi ch design Mode. V nhn nt toggle hoc click ch n ci checkbox
xem k t qu.
224
............
N u bn khng thch th nh dng C2 ch trng lun, khi thy ch TRUE, FALSE

hin ln.
2. Tt m nh dng mu cho :
Dng Conditional Formating nhm t mu theo iu kin gip ta d tm c nhng c

gi tr c bit cho trc. Excel 2010 c nhiu nh dng khc nhau cho gi tr s nm trong
khong cho trc. Nhng bin php m tt bng checkbox l khng c sn.
225
Tng t nh phn trn, ta to ra 1 checkbox hoc 1 Toggle Button link ti $C$2. Nhng
ln ny ta t name cho n l IsFill chng hn. Ta cng t name cho $A$2 l BeginNum
v $B$2 l EndNum, vi A2 l gii hn di th d 100, v B2 l gii hn trn th d 1.000.
Trong vng d liu B5:B16, ta mu n gi tr no nm trong khong BeginNum v EndNum s

c t mu. Vy dng conditional Formating nh trn, ch n vng C8:C18, ln ny cng
thc l:
=AND($C8>=BeginNum,$C8<=EndNum,IsFill)
Ch n cho n 1 nh dng mu theo mu n.
K t qu: khi nhn button hoc click checkbox thay i trng thi thnh True, cc cha s
trong khong (100, 1.000) s c t mu, cc cn li khng t. Khi thay i thnh False,
cc tr li bnh thng.
ng thi, v bn t cng thc lin quan n BeginNum v EndNum, nn khi thay i 2 s

ny, k t qu t mu cng thay i.
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............
Bn thy y, n u bn cha xem bi ny m thy 1 file tng t ca ngi khc, bn c th

lm tng ngi ta s dng code ca VBA.
227
6. nh du nhng cha cng thc bng Conditional Formatting
Khi mt c cha d liu, bn c th mu n bi t d liu trong n thun l d liu nhp

vo, hay d liu l k t qu ca 1 cng thc. Bn c th ch cn click ch n v xem trn
thanh cng thc. Bn cng c th dng phm tt Ctrl + ~ chuyn qua li gia ch xem
gi tr v xem cng thc.
Chiu s 19 ny s gii thiu vi bn 1 hm t to, k t hp vi Conditional Formatting

nh du cha cng thc. Bng cch ny c th gip bn tm ra tt c nhng cha cng
thc trong s 10.000 m khng phi ng tng mt.
Mc d bn c th dng 1 hm c sn ca Macro4 trong Conditional Formatting, nh sau:
Trong hp thoi Conditional Formatting, ch n cng thc, g cng thc ny: =

CELL(type,A1). Nhng hn ch ca vic dng hm Cell() l cng thc s t tnh li mi
khi c s thay i nh xu trong bng tnh. V Cell() l 1 hm thuc loi volatile. Khi Excel
tnh li Cell() cho 10.000 nh trn s khi n cho bn b c mnh v ch i.
Do bn hy dng tuyt chiu sau y, n gin, d lm v khng phi hm loi volatile:
Bn hy nhn Alt F11 vo ca s VBA, nhn chut phi vo This Workbook insert
vo 1 module. Nhp on code sau vo khung son tho:
Function IsFormula (CheckCells As Range)
IsFormula = CheckCells.HasFormula
End Function
Do tnh cht ca Property HasFormula, hm bn mi to s tr v cc gi tr lun l{ True, False. Ngha

l khi bn g vo bt kz cng thc = IsFormula(A1) s cho kt qu True nu A1 cha cng thc v
cho kt qu False nu A1 cha gi tr.
ng ca s VBA li, tr v bng tnh. By gi nh u ton b vng d liu ca bn (c th chn

ra mt s ct v dng, phng khi bn cp nht thm d liu) sao cho A1 l hin hnh.
Bng cch nh chiu s 18, bn vo c ch cn thit g cng thc trong hp thoi Conditional
Formatting, v g vo:
= sFormula(A1), sau nh dng t mu hoc i mu ch cho khc nhng cn li.
Sau khi nhn OK bn s c kt qu l tt c nhng cha cng thc s c t mu. Nu bn

thm hoc thay i 1 , nu tr thnh cng thc th lp tc i mu.
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i khi bn khng thy kt qu, v anh Bill lanh chanh v chm hiu, anh ta cho rng cng thc s
dng hm ca bn l 1 text nn nh t sa thnh : = sFormula(A1). Vy bn phi vo ch c sa
li.
By gi mi khi bn sa hoc thm 1 tr thnh cng thc, s c mu. ngc li, nu bn sa

1 cng thc thnh gi tr hoc thm gi tr vo 1 , s khng c mu.
7. S dng chc nng thay th (Replace) g b cc k t khng mong

mun.
Khi nhp d liu hay khi sao chp v dn d liu t ngun khc vo Excel th cc k t
khng mong mu n s xut hin trong ton b bng tnh ca bn. S dng chiu ny bn c
th khc phc c nhng rc r i khi g b cc k t khng mong mu n bng tay. Chc
nng thay th (replace) trong Excel c th gip bn g b cc k t khng mong mu n trong
bng tnh, nhng phi qua mt vi bc ph.
V d nh, bn c th thay th nhng k t khng mong mu n bng chui rng t a nh n

cha h tn ti. Mu n vy bn cn bi t m ca tng k t m bn mu n g b. Tt c cc k
t u mang mt m ring v Excel s cho bn bi t n l g khi bn s dng hm CODE.
Hm CODE s tr v mt m s cho k t u tin trong mt chui. M ny tng ng k

t m my tnh ca bn thi t lp.
th c hin iu ny, ch n mt trong cc c cha nhng k t khng mong mu n. T

thanh cng thc, bi en k t v sao chp k t . Ti p theo ch n tr ng bt k (A1 chng
hn) v dn k t vo ch n (A1).
Ti khc, nhp cng thc sau:
=CODE($A$1)
Cng thc ny tr v m ca k t khng mong mu n.
Ch n ton b d liu ca bn, ch n Home Editing Find & Select Replace (vi phin
bn trc Excel 2010: ch n Edit Replace), khung Find what: nhn phim Alt v g s
0 km theo code a ra bi cng thc trn. N u m s l 163 th nhn Alt v nhn 0163.
(Hoc bn c th con tr chut ti c k t khng mong mu n, sao chp k t v dn
vo Find what cng c)
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B tr ng khung Replace With v nhn Replace all. Vic lm ny s xa b tt c nhng k t

khng mong mu n rt nhanh qua vic d tm m k t . Lp li cc bc trn cho mi k t
khng mong mu n ti p theo.
8. Chuyn i con s dng vn bn sang s thc
Cc gi tr s (number) trong Excel c mc nh canh l phi v vn bn (text) th canh l tri. Do

vy, cch n gin nhn bit cc gi tr s v vn bn trong mt ct trn bng tnh l bn thit lp
ch canh l mc nh cho ct . Bn vo Home nhm Alignment ch n Format Cells vo
Tab Alignment chn General ti hp Horizontal thit lp vic canh l mc nh cho ct ang
chn nhn OK ng hp thoi Format Cells li.
Bn ko ct rng ra mt t phn bit vic canh l, khi bn s thy cc gi tr s, ngy thng

s c canh l phi v vn bn s c canh l tri.
Dng Paste Special chuyn gi tr s dng vn bn sang s thc
y l cch nhanh v dng nht chuyn cc gi tr s ang vn bn sang s thc. Cc bc

thc hin nh sau:
Chn mt trng no v nhn lnh Copy (Ctrl + C) qut ch n vng s liu dng vn bn nh
chuyn i (v d nh vng A1:A9 hnh trn) nhp phi chut v chn Paste Special ch n
Add ti nhm Operation nhn OK hon tt.
230
Vic lm trn s gip chuyn ton s cc con s dng vn bn sang s thc, v rng c gi tr l 0 v
khi bn cng bt kz s no vo mt con s lu i dng vn bn trong Excel th bn lm cho con
s dng vn bn chuyn thnh s thc.
Dng cc hm TEXT chuyn i
Bn c th p dng nguyn tc nh cch trn vo mt s hm c sn ca Excel thc hin vic

chuyn i. Thng thng, khi bn dng mt hm thuc nhm TEXT v kt qu tr v i dng con
s th Excel vn xem con s l gi tr dng vn bn.
Gi s bn c mt vng d liu A1:A7 nh hnh sau:
Bn ng hai hm trong nhm TE T l LEFT v F ND tch cc gi tr ra khi cc chui vn bn nh

sau:
231
=LEFT(A1,FIND(" ",A1)-1)
Sau khi ng hm tch phn gi tr ra th cc kt qu tr v vn c Excel xem nh l vn bn v

ch ng c canh l tri nh hnh sau:
Do vy, bn cn phi hiu chnh cng thc tc chui trn mt t kt qu tr v l cc con s thc
s bng cch cng thm s 0 vo sau cng thc trn:
=LEFT(A1,FIND(" ",A1)-1) + 0
9. Tng thm s ln Undo cho Excel
Tt c chng ta u quen thuc vi chc nng Undo ca Excel, cho php chng ta lm li
nhng sai lm ca mnh. Tuy nhin, mc nh, chng ta ch c th Undo c 16 ln. Chiu
ny gip bn c th tng s ln Undo ln nhiu hn, c th n 100 ln.
Khi bn s dng chc nng Undo ca Excel, v bn th c hin Undo 16 ln, th nt Undo
b m i, khng th Undo c na. Ngoi ra, khi bn nhn nt Save lu bng tnh, th nt
Undo cng b m i, v danh sch nhng tc v (nhng hnh ng th c hin trn bng
tnh) m bn th c hin b mt sch. l do khi bn lu bng tnh, Excel cho rng bn
hi lng vi bng tnh ny (th mi nhn Save), v n thy rng khng cn thi t phi gi li
danh sch nhng tc v trc khi lu na.
Bn c th thy rng, quay lui li 16 ln l khng , nhng lm cch no tng s ln ny

ln? Ngha l lm cch no tng danh sch cc tc v ca bn ln? Tha rng, c cch, v
bn c th tng con s ny ln n 100 ln.
232
lm iu ny, trc h t, bn hy thot khi Excel. Sau bn chy lnh Run ca

Windows (Start | Run, hoc nhn phm Window + R), g vo Regedit.exe v nhn OK.
Khi bn m c chng trnh Regedit, hy tm n kha:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ Office \ 11.0 \ Excel \ Options
Con s 11.0 trn y c th khc, v d vi Excel2000 th n l 10.0, vi Excel 2010 th n

l 12.0
233
Nhn Edit | New | DWORD Value (xem hnh). Mt mc mi New Value #1 s c to ra

trong khung bn phi, bn nhp vo ch UndoHistory, v nhn Enter.
234
Nhn p (double-click) vo mc UndoHistory mi to, ri g vo hp thoi m ra mt con

s bt k, min l ln hn 16 v nh hn 100. Nhn OK, ri thot Regedit.
Bn hy khi ng li Excel v th lm g trong , ri nhn vo nt Undo xem bn c th

Undo c bao nhiu ln nh. Hy v ng rng Undo 100 ln, l qu cho bn. Tuy nhin,
n u bn nhn lu bng tnh, th danh sch cc tc v c th Undo
235
10. Tch h v tn trong cng mt ct trn bng tnh Excel
Bc 1: Khi nhp liu vo bng tnh Excel, thng thng ta nhp c h v tn vo cng mt
. Tuy nhin, c khi sau ta cn phi tch ring tn ra khi h v tn m, n u lm th cng
bng thao tc sao chp ri dn qua khc th s rt bt tin. N u s dng hm Right k t hp
vi mt vi hm khc th cng c th cho ra k t qu nh bn mu n, nhng trong mt s
trng hp s cho k t qu khng chnh xc. C mt phng php t i u hn s gip bn
hon thnh t t cng vic ny, cch th c hin cng kh n gin nh sau:
Bc 2: - Trn bng tnh cha ct h tn cn tch, nhn Alt+F11
Bc 3: - Ti p theo, bn nhn menu Insert v ch n Module s xut hin mt ca s son

tho.
Bc 4: Bn nhp on m lnh sau vo ca s son tho:
Private Function Tachten(ten As String, lg As Integer)
Dim j As Integer
Name = Trim(ten)
For j = Len(Name) To 1 Step -1
If Mid(Name, j, 1) = " " Then
If lg = "1" Then
Tachten = Right(Name, Len(Name) - j)
Else
Tachten = Left(Name, j)
End If
Exit For
236
End If
Next
End Function
Bc 5:- Bn nhn Ctrl+S lu li v quay tr v bng tnh Excel.
Bc 6:- By gi ti n hnh tch ring h v tn m vo mt mi, bn t con tr ti

mi cha h v tn m ri nhp vo cng thc =TachTen(B3,0) v nhn Enter s thy ngay
k t qu.
- tch ring tn vo mt mi, bn t con tr ti s cha tn cn tch v nhp vo cng

thc =TachTen(B3,1) ri nhn Enter l xong.
Ghi ch: B3 chnh l a ch ca ban u cha c h , tn m v tn.
11. To mc lc trong Excel
Nu bn tn qu nhiu thi gian trong mt workbook (bng tnh) vi rt nhiu worksheet

(trang tnh), bn s cm thng c s kh khn trong vic tm kim mt trang tnh no .
Khi , c l ta nn lp mt ch mc cc trang tnh ang c thun tin cho vic iu
hng trong bng tnh.
Bng cch s dng mt ch mc cc trang tnh s cho php bn nhanh chng v d dng
iu hng trong bng tnh, ch bng mt c nhp chut s a bn n chnh xc ni bn
mun n m khng lo b nhm ln. Bn c th to mt ch mc trong mt vi cch: bng
tay, t ng to ra bi m VBA, hoc l s dng trnh n ty chn theo ng cnh (thm
ch c th dng cc hm Macro4 khng trnh by y).
To ch mc th cng
Cch ny rt d lm, bn ch cn chn mi mt worksheet v t cho n mt ci tn, v d

nh tn l Index. Sau , bn nhn vo tn ca cc worksheet c trong workbook v to
cc siu lin kt (hyperlink) n cc worksheet tng ng vi tn m bn nhp.
to hyperlink bn chn tn sheet, sau vo Insert | chn Hyperlink ti nhm Links |

Insert | Hyperlinks] hoc nhn phm tt l Ctrl+K m hp thoi Insert Hyperlink.
237
Chn Place in This Document v chn tn Sheet mun kt ni ti. Nhn nt OK hon
tt.
Phng php ny ph hp khi bng tnh khng c qu nhiu worksheet v tn worksheet

khng c s thay i thng xuyn, nu khng s gy ra nhiu kh khn cho cng tc bo
tr trang ch mc.
To ch mc t ng bng cch s dng VBA
Mt cch thay th khc l s dng VBA t ng to ra cc ch mc. on m sau y s

t ng to ra mt bng ch mc lin kt n tt c cc worksheet m bn c trong
workbook. Bng ch mc ny s c to li mi khi worksheet lu ch mc c chn.
on m ny phi c t trong private module ca Sheet cha ch. Chn mt worksheet

mi vo workbook v t tn cho n l Index chng hn. Nhp chut phi vo tn
worksheet va to v chn ViewCode t trnh n ng cnh hoc nhn t hp phm
Alt+F11.
Nhp on m VBA sau vo ca s Code:
Private Sub Worksheet_Activate()
Dim wSheet As Worksheet
Dim lCount As Long
lCount = 1
238
With Me
.Columns(1).ClearContents
.Cells(1, 1) = "INDEX"
End With
For Each wSheet In Worksheets
If wSheet.Name <> Me.Name Then
lCount = lCount + 1
With wSheet
.Range("A1").Name = "Start" & wSheet.Index
.Hyperlinks.Add Anchor:=.Range("A1"), Address:="", SubAddress:= _
"Index", TextToDisplay:="Back to Index"
End With
Me.Hyperlinks.Add Anchor:=Me.Cells(lCount, 1), Address:="", SubAddress:= _
"Start" & wSheet.Index, TextToDisplay:=wSheet.Name
End If
Next wSheet
End Sub
Nhn t hp phm Alt+Q thot VBE v tr v ca s bng tnh, sau lu bng tnh li.
chy on m va to, bn dng chut chn sang worksheet khc trong workbook v
sau chn li worksheet Index kch hot s kin Worksheet_Activate.
Lu rng, on m s cc t tn (Name) cho cc A1 mi worksheet km theo s ch

mc ca worksheet trong bng tnh (worksheet u tin c ch mc l 1, k l 2, 3. n).
iu ny bo m rng A1 trn mi trang tnh c mt tn khc nhau. Nu A1 trn
worksheet ca bn c t tn, bn nn cn nhc n vic thay i A1 trong on
m sang mt a ch khc ph hp hn.
Lu , nu bn c thit lp Hyperlink base (siu lin kt c s) trong workbook th cc

hyperlink c to ra t on m trn s khng th hot ng c, do chng lin kt
n cc Name trong workbook hin hnh. Khi thuc tnh hyperlink base c thit lp th
cc siu lin kt s tr n hyperlink base kt hp vi cc Name.
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Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

I. Nhng im mi trong Microsoft Excel 2010 .................................................................................. 7

Thm tnh nng Sparkline ........................................................................................................................ 8

Tnh nng Slicers...................................................................................................................................... 9

nh dng d liu c iu kin .............................................................................................................. 10

I. Ni dung chnh .............................................................................................................................. 12

Chng 1: Lm Quen Vi Microsoft Excel ...................................................................................... 12

1.1 Gii thiu Excel ...................................................................................................................... 12

S dng thc n ng cnh (shortcut menu) ............................................................................. 17

1.2. M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s .................................................................... 18

Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel .................................................................................................. 18

Thu nh ca s Excel ................................................................................................................. 19

Phng to ca s Excel ................................................................................................................ 19

Thot khi Excel ...................................................................................................................... 19

1.3. Thao tc vi v vng............................................................................................................. 19

Nhn dng v vng (cells, range) ......................................................................................... 19

Sao chp v di chuyn vng ....................................................................................................... 20

Dn c bit (Paste Special) ..................................................................................................... 21

Thm ch thch cho ................................................................................................................. 23

Chn, xa , dng v ct........................................................................................................ 24

Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng ............................................................................... 26

Ni (Merge) v b ni cc (Split) .......................................................................................... 28

Chuyn mt ni v li nhiu ............................................................................................ 28

1.4. Di chuyn trong bng tnh v s dng phm tt ....................................................................... 28

Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang ...................................................................................... 28

Thanh Sheet tab ......................................................................................................................... 29

S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn ............................................................................ 29

1.5 Thao tc vi workbook ............................................................................................................. 31

1.6. Thao tc vi worksheet ........................................................................................................... 35

Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook ............................................................................. 35

Sao chp worksheet ................................................................................................................... 37

Chn mu cho sheet tab ............................................................................................................ 37

n/ Hin worksheet .................................................................................................................. 38

1.7 S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc .................................................... 38

S dng thanh Zoom .................................................................................................................. 39

Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s ........................................................................... 39

Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu ................................................... 39

S dng Watch Window ............................................................................................................ 41

Chng 2: Lm vic vi d liu trong Excel ............................................................................................ 41

2.1. Nhp liu, hiu chnh .............................................................................................................. 41

Nhp liu .................................................................................................................................. 41

Nhp cc k t c bit .............................................................................................................. 42

Hiu chnh ni dung ................................................................................................................ 43

Nhp ln c sn ni dung ................................................................................................... 44

S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu ............................................................................................. 44

2.2. nh dng ............................................................................................................................... 48

nh dng chung ....................................................................................................................... 48

T ng nh dng c iu kin ................................................................................................. 56

Bng v nh dng bng (table) .................................................................................................. 57

S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes) ................................................................. 59

2.3 Tm v thay th d liu............................................................................................................. 60

2.4 Sp xp v lc d liu ............................................................................................................... 61

Chng 3: Gii Thiu V S Dng Cc Hm ........................................................................................... 65

3.1 Gii thiu cng thc v hm: ................................................................................................... 65

Gii thiu cng thc (Formula) .................................................................................................. 65

Gii thiu hm (Function) .......................................................................................................... 67

Nhp cng thc v hm ............................................................................................................. 68

Tham chiu trong cng thc ...................................................................................................... 70

Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors) ......................................................................................... 72

3.2 Cc hm trong excel ................................................................................................................. 73

a. Nhm hm v thng k .......................................................................................................... 73

b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut........................................................................................... 75

c. Nhm hm v tng quan v hi quy tuyn tnh .................................................................... 77