The Universe is made up of matter, energy and empty space .

MATTER

is everything around us, living or non living. Matter cant be created or destroyed, it just changes from
one state to another. Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms join together to make
molecules.

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Apart from colour, odour and taste, matter has other properties:

* VOLUME: describes how much space matter occupies. We measure volume in millilitres (ml)

* MASS: Is the amount of matter in an object. We measure mass in grams (g)

* DENSITY: Is the amount of matter in a volume. Its measured in kilograms per litre (kg/l)

* THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: is the ability in certain substances to conduct or transfer heat.

2 types conductor---metal

Insulator----plastics

* HARDNESSES: Is the scratch resistance of a solid.

* SOLUBILITY: Is the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance and form a

solution

TYPES OF MATTER

According to its composition , we classify matter in:

- PURE SUBSTANCES: consist of only one type matter.

- MIXTURE: Are made up of two or more pure substances. Mixtures can be:
Homogeneous: We cannot see the individual substances that make it up
Heterogeneous: WE can see the individual substances that make it up

Methods to separate substancies:

- FILTRATION: when we pour the juice of a lemon through a filter, the solid stay in the
filter, and the liquid pass through it.
- EVAPORATION: When we heat a mixture of salt and water, the liquid evaporates and
leaves only the salt that crystallise
- SIEVING: We use a sieve to separate solids of different sizes.
 FORCES

A force is a push or pull that acts on an object.

We cant see forces, but we can see and feel their effects.
It can also make things change the shape.

2 types:

Non contact forces: Forces acts from a distance

- Magnetism: Is a force of attraction or repulse caused by magnetic materials
- Gravity: Is a force which attracts all objects towards each other. Large
bodies have stronger gravitational force.

Contact forces: Forces acts through physical contact.

- Friction: Is the force that exists when two objects rub against each other.
Friction acts in the opposite direction to the direction of movement.

- Buoyancy: Is the ability of objects to float.

It acts in the opposite direction to gravity on objects.

The ability to float depends on the average density of the objects. Cork has a lower density
than water. This is why cork floats in water