Material Properties

AASHTO Design Equation

4.2 p
log10
4.2 1.5
log10 W18 9.36 log10 SN 1 0.20 2.32 log10 M R 8.07
1094
0.4
SN 1 Subgrade
5.19

Constructed Pavement

1986

2
 Structural Number

SN a1D1 a2D2 a3D3

asphalt base subbase

a1,a2 ,a3 f MR

3
 Typical Layer Coefficients
Typical Layer Coefficients
D1 Asphalt
Dense-graded asphalt 0.44
Sand asphalt 0.40
D2 Base Crushed stone base 0.14
Sandy gravel base 0.07
Cement-treated base 0.20
Asphalt-treated base 0.30
D3 Subbase Lime-treated base 0.20
Sandy gravel subbase 0.11
Sand subbase 0.08

4
 Pavement Stresses @ 24"
8

7
Subgrade only
Subgrade + 24" Subbase
6 Subgrade + 6" Subbase + 18" Base
Subgrade + 6" Subbase + 12" Base + 6" Asphalt
5
Stress (psi)

0
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
Offset (ft)

5
Resilient Modulus

6
 Resilient Modulus

MR
Deviator stress

Axial strain
7
Diametral Resilient Modulus

8
Asphalt Layer Coefficient

9
Granular Soils

Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM 10

 Base Layer

a2 0.249log10 EBS 0.977

EBS k1 k2

11
 AASHO Road Test

Moisture k1 k2
State (psi) (-)
Dry 8000 0.6
Damp 4000 0.6
Wet 3200 0.6

WARNING: We dont actually use different values for different moisture states.
This just illustrates the effects of moisture on base layer resilient modulus.

12
 Estimating Base

Asphalt Subgrade Resilient Modulus (psi)

Thickness
(in) 3000 7500 15,000
<2 20 25 30
24 10 15 20
46 5 10 15
>6 5 5 5

13
Base Layer Coefficient

14
CTB Layer Coefficients

15
ATB Layer Coefficients

16
 Subbase Layer

a3 0.227log10 ESB 0.839

ESB k1 k2

17
 AASHO Road Test

Moisture k1 k2
State (psi) (-)
Damp 5400 0.6
Wet 4600 0.6

WARNING: We dont actually use different values for different moisture states.
This just illustrates the effects of moisture on base layer resilient modulus.

18
Estimating Subbase

Asphalt Stress
Thickness State
(in) (psi)
<2 10
24 7.5
>4 5

19
Subbase Layer Coefficients

20
 Drainage Coefficients

SN a1D1 a2D2m2 a3D3m3

asphalt base subbase

m2 , m3 f drainage

21
 Drainage Quality

Water Removed
Quality
Within
Excellent 2 hours
Good 1 day
Fair 1 week
Poor 1 month
Very Poor No drainage

22
 Drainage Coefficients

Percentage of Time Material Approaches Saturation

Quality < 1% 1-5% 5-25% > 25%

Excellent 1.40-1.35 1.35-1.30 1.30-1.20 1.20
Good 1.35-1.25 1.25-1.15 1.15-1.00 1.00
Fair 1.25-1.15 1.15-1.05 1.00-0.80 0.80
Poor 1.15-1.05 1.05-0.80 0.80-0.60 0.60
Very Poor 1.05-0.95 0.95-0.75 0.75-0.40 0.40

23
 AASHTO Design Equation

4.2 p
log10
4.2 1.5
log10 W18 9.36 log10 SN 1 0.20 2.32 log10 M R 8.07
1094
0.4
SN 1 Subgrade
5.19

Constructed Pavement

1986

24
Cohesive Soils

25
 Estimating Subgrade MR

1993 AASHTO Guide

MR 1500 CBR
WARNING: Only for fine-grained soils with soaked CBR < 10.

26
Estimating Subgrade MR

AASHTO MEPDG

MR 2555 CBR 0.64

Good for a wide range of soil types

27
 MR vs. CBR
15000

MR = 1500 CBR
12000

9000
MR (psi)

MR = 2555 CBR0.64

6000

3000

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CBR

28
 MR vs. CBR
80000

70000
MR = 1500 CBR

60000

50000
MR (psi)

40000
MR = 2555 CBR0.64
30000

20000

10000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
CBR

29
Seasonal Moisture Effects
Winter Freeze

Recovery
Modulus

Spring Thaw

Time
30
Seasonal Moisture Effects

31
WSDOT

32
 Minnesota DOT

Season I Season II Season III Season IV Season V

Winter Early Spring Late Spring Summer Fall

Description All Layers Base Thaws, Base HMA Low, All Layers
Are Frozen SG Frozen Recovers, SG Recovers Are Standard
SG Thaws
Pavement Layer Moduli Relative to Fall Values
HMA High High Standard Low Standard
Base High Low Low Standard Standard
SG High High Low Low Standard

33
 Minnesota DOT

Season I Season II Season III Season IV Season V

Winter Early Spring Late Spring Summer Fall

Description All Layers Base Thaws, Base HMA Low, All Layers
Are Frozen SG Frozen Recovers, SG Recovers Are Standard
SG Thaws
Seasonal Modulus Factors
HMA 2.6 2.1 1.4 0.4 1.0
Base
SG 22 2.4 0.73 0.75 1.0

34
 AASHTO Design Equation

4.2 p
log10
4.2 1.5
log10 W18 9.36 log10 SN 1 0.20 2.32 log10 M R 8.07
1094
0.4
SN 1 Subgrade
5.19

Constructed Pavement

35
 AASHTO Design Equation

4.2 p
log10
4.2 1.5
log10 W18 9.36 log10 SN 1 0.20 2.32 log10 M R 8.07
1094
0.4
SN 1 Ti
5.19

log10 W18 i Q Ti 18 i
W 10 Q
10Ti

i represents a block of time with constant MR

It could be a month, a week, a season, etc.

36
 Standard Vehicle

1
dS consumption per passage
NS
37
Seasonal Damage per ESAL

1 1.18 108
Let u i Ti
M R i
2.32
10

1 1 ui
di Q Ti Q
W18 i 10 10 10
di = damage per ESAL in Season i
38
 Average Damage per ESAL

1 n 1 1 n 1 1 n uf
d fidi Q fi u i Q fi u i Q
n i1 n 10 i1 10 n i1 10

fi = fraction of annual ESALs applied during Season i

39
Effective Modulus

1.18 108
uf
M R eff
2.32

3005
M R eff 0.431
u

40
 Example

Period MR ui N ui N
Dec-Feb 20,000 3
Mar 2500 1
Apr-May 4000 2
Jun-Nov 7000 6

Reference: Figure 11.5 on Page 213 41

Putting it All Together