Professional Documents
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Management
Information
System File
MANDI ROAD, NEW DELHI- 110047 and this project work has not performed
The work has not been anywhere else for the award of degree. All source of
information have been duly mentioned.
SIGNATURE
Mr. ATUL RATHORE
(Project Guide)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
No TITLE Page No
1 Declaration 2
2 Certificate 3
3 Acknowledgement 4
5 Characteristics of MIS 10
6 Role of MIS 11
7 Objectives of MIS. 12
8 Types of MIS 13
9 Concept of Information 19
10 SDLC 22
11 Company Profile 30
12 DBMS 35
13 Questionnaire 43
14 Bibliography 48
CONCEPT
The MIS is an idea which is associated with man, machine, marketing and methods
for collecting informations from the internal and external source and processing
this information for the purpose of facilitating the process of decision-making of
the business.
MIS is not new, only the computerization is new , before computers MIS
techniques existed to supply managers with the information that would permit
them to plan and control business operations. The computer has added on more
dimensions such as speed, accuracy and increased volume of data that permit the
consideration of more alternatives in decision-making process.
The scope and purpose of MIS is better understood if each part of them is defined
individually, thus
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Information consists of data that have been retrieved, processed or otherwise used
for information or interference purpose, argument or as a basis forecasting or
decision-making regarding any business unit. Information is knowledge that one
derives from facts for effective functioning of systems placed in the right context
with the purpose of reducing uncertainty regarding the alternative courses of action
as they are based on description and measurement of attributes of various entities
associated with the enterprise.
3. SYSTEM: The system can be described as a set of elements joined together for a
common objective. A subsystem is a part of a larger system with which one is
concerned. All systems for our purpose the organization is the system and the parts
(divisions, departments, functions, unit etc) are the subsystem.
The system concept of MIS is, therefore one of optimizing the output of the
organization by connecting the operating subsystems through the medium of
information exchange.
The Management information system (MIS) is a concept of the last two decade or
two. It has been understood and described in a number of ways. It is also known as
the Information System, the Information and Decision System, the computer based
Decision System.
Information is the life blood of an organization, particularly in the case of system
approach management. The MIS or Information system can be define as the
knowledge communicated by others or obtained from investigation or study. It is a
system providing needed information to each manager at the right time in the right
form and relevant one which aids understanding and stimulates the action. MIS is
an organized method of providing past, present and projection information relating
to internal operations and externals intelligence. It supports the planning, control
and operational functions of an organization by furnishing uniform information in
proper time frame to help the process of decision-making.
Management Information System is generally defined as an integrated user-
machine system for providing information to support operations, management and
decision-making functions in an organization. The system utilizes computer
hardware and software, manual procedure, models for analysis. Information is
viewed as a resource much like land, labor and capital. It must be obtained
processed, stored, manipulated and analyzed, distributed etc. An organization with
a well-defined 7
information system will generally have a competitive advantage over organization
with poor MIS and no MIS.
The MIS has more than one definition, some of which are given below:
1. The MIS is defined as a system which provides information support for decision-
making in the organization.
2. The MIS is defined as an integrated system of man and machine for providing the
information to support the operations, the management and the decision-making
function in the organization.
3. The MIS is defined as a system based on the database of the organization evolved
for the purpose of providing information to the people in the organization.
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Characteristics of useful information:
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ROLE of MIS
The role of the MIS in an organization can be compared to the role of heart in the
body. The information is the blood and MIS is the heart. In the body the heart plays
the role of supplying pure blood to all the elements of the body including the brain.
The heart work faster and supplies more blood when needed. It regulates and
controls the incoming impure blood, processed it and sends it to the destination in
the quantity needed. It fulfills the needs of blood supply to human body in normal
course and also in crisis.
The MIS plays exactly the same role in the organization. The system ensures that
an appropriate data is collected from the various sources, processed and send
further to all the needy destinations. The system is expected to fulfill the
information needs of an individual, a group of individuals, the management
functionaries: the managers and top management.
1. The MIS satisfies the diverse needs through variety of systems such as query
system, analysis system, modeling system and decision support system.
3. The MIS helps the junior management personnel by providing the operational
data for planning, scheduling and control , and helps them further in decision-
making at the operation level to correct an out of control situation.
4. The MIS helps the middle management in short term planning, target setting
and controlling the business functions. It is supported by the use of the
management tools of planning and control.
5. The MIS helps the top level management in goal setting, strategic planning and
evolving the business plans and their implementation.
6. The MIS plays the role of information generation, communication, problem
identification and helps in the process of decision-making. The MIS, therefore,
plays a vital role in the management, administration and operation of an
organization.
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OBJECTIVE OF MIS
The goals of an MIS are to implement the organizational structure and dynamics of
the enterprise for the purpose of managing the organization in a better way and
capturing the potential of the information system for competitive advantage.
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Fundamental types of Information System
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Office Automation Systems (OAS)
Executive Support Systems (ESS
Predictability
Reliability
Consistency 13
Transaction processing systems are helpful in three areas:
The MIS has more than one definition, some of which are given below.
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Management information system can thus be analyzed as-:
Management
Information
Information, in MIS, means the processed data that helps the management in
planning, controlling and operations. Data means all the facts arising out of the
operations of the concern. Data is processed i.e. recorded, summarized,
compared and finally presented to the management in the form of MIS report.
System
Data is processed into information with the help of a system. A system is made
up of inputs, processing, output and feedback or control.
Thus MIS means a system for processing data in order to give proper
information to the management for performing its functions
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3. Decision Support System
Typical information that a decision support application might gather and present
would be:
ESS mainly deals with data related to key departments like billing, accounting,
scheduling, staffing etc. In addition to providing quick access to the data, ESS
also acts as an analysis tool and provides good understanding of the various
possible outcomes depending upon the changes in input data.
ESS thus saves valuable time of the executives in digging the huge pile of
information to identify the critical data and helps them spend more time on
brainstorming and decision making by providing only the required data.
ESS can be used to view and analyze both the present data and predicted
future data.
Definition-:
Information is stimuli that have meaning in some context for its receiver. When
information is entered into and stored in a computer, it is generally referred to
as data after processing (such as formatting and printing), output data can again
be perceived as information.
Types of Information
Strategic Information-:
Strategic information is required by the manager at the strategic levels of
management for the formulation of organizational strategies. This relates to
long term planning policies of the organization as a whole.
Tactical Information-:
Operational Information-:
Operation information applies to short period which may vary from an hour to a
few day.
Concept of System
Definition-:
Kind of Systems
On the other hand, physical systems are generally concrete operational systems
made up of people, materials, machines, energy and other physical things; Physical
systems are more than conceptual constructs.2
A deterministic system is one in which the occurrence of all events is known with
certainty. A probabilistic system is one in which the occurrence of events cannot be
perfectly predicted. Though the behavior of such a system can be described in
terms of probability, a certain degree of error is always attached to the prediction of
the behavior of the system.
Open and Closed Systems
An open system is one that interacts with its environment and thus exchanges
information, material, or energy with the environment, including random and
undefined inputs. Open systems are adaptive in nature, as they tend to react with
the environment in such a way, so as to favor their continued existence. Such
systems are self-organizing, in the sense that they change their organisation in
response to changing conditions.
A closed system is one, which does not interact with its environment. Such systems
in business world, are rare, but relatively closed systems are common. Thus, the
systems that are relatively isolated from the environment but not completely
closed, are termed closed system.
Most of the physical systems are user-machine (or human machines) systems It is
difficult to think of a system composed only of people who do not utilize equipment
of some kind to achieve their goals. In user-machine systems, both, i.e. human as well
as machine perform some activities in the accomplishment of a goal (e.g. decision-
making). The machine elements (may be computer hardware and software) are
relatively closed and deterministic, whereas the human elements of the system are
open and probabilistic.
System Development Life Cycle
Definition-:
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project
management that describes the stages involved in an information system
development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the
completed application
2. Defining Requirements: Once the requirement analysis is done the next step is
to clearly define and document the product requirements and get them approved
from the customer or the market analysts. This is done through SRS Software
Requirement Specification document which consists of all the product
requirements to be designed and developed during the project life cycle.
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3. Designing the product architecture: SRS is the reference for product architects
to come out with the best architecture for the product to be developed. Based on
the requirements specified in SRS, usually more than one design approach for the
product architecture is proposed and documented in a DDS - Design Document
Specification. This DDS is reviewed by all the important
stakeholders and based on various parameters as risk assessment, product
robustness, design modularity , budget and time constraints , the best design
approach is selected for the product.
5. Testing the Product: This stage is usually a subset of all the stages as in the
modern SDLC models, the testing activities are mostly involved in all the stages
of SDLC. However this stage refers to the testing only stage of the product where
products defects are reported, tracked, fixed and retested, until the product reaches
the quality standards defined in the SRS.
6. Deployment in the Market and Maintenance: Once the product is tested and
ready to be deployed it is released formally in the appropriate market. Sometime
product deployment happens in stages as per the organizations business strategy.
The product may first be released in a limited segment and tested in the real
business environment (UAT- User acceptance testing).
There are various software development life cycle models defined and designed
which are followed during software development process. These models are also
referred as "Software Development Process Models". Each process model follows
a Series of steps unique to its type, in order to ensure success in process of
software development.
Following are the most important and popular SDLC models followed in the
industry:
1. Waterfall Model
2. Iterative Model
3. Spiral Model
4. V-Model
5. Big Bang Model
1. Waterfall Model-:
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The sequential phases in Waterfall model are:
2. Iterative Model-:
Iterative process starts with a simple implementation of a subset of the software
requirements and iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the full system is
implemented. At each iteration, design modifications are made and new functional
capabilities are added. The basic idea behind this method is to develop a system
through repeated cycles (iterative) and in smaller portions at a time (incremental).
Like other SDLC models, Iterative and incremental development has some specific
applications in the software industry. This model is most often used in the
following scenarios:
Requirements of the complete system are clearly defined and understood.
A new technology is being used and is being learnt by the development team
while working on the project.
Resources with needed skill set are not available and are planned to be used
on contract basis for specific iterations.
There are some high risk features and goals which may change in the future.
3. Spiral Model-:
The spiral model has four phases. A software project repeatedly passes through
these phases in iterations called Spirals.
1. Identification
This phase starts with gathering the business requirements in the baseline spiral. In the
subsequent spirals as the product matures, identification of system requirements,
subsystem requirements and unit requirements are all done in this phase.
This also includes understanding the system requirements by continuous
communication between the customer and the system analyst. At the end of the
spiral the product is deployed in the identified market.
2. Design
Design phase starts with the conceptual design in the baseline spiral and involves
architectural design, logical design of modules, physical product design and final
design in the subsequent spirals.
3. Construct or Build
Construct phase refers to production of the actual software product at every spiral.
In the baseline spiral when the product is just thought of and the design is being
developed a POC (Proof of Concept) is developed in this phase to get customer
feedback.
Spiral Model is very widely used in the software industry as it is in synch with the
natural development process of any product i.e. learning with maturity and also
involves minimum risk for the customer as well as the development firms.
When costs there is a budget constraint and risk evaluation is important
For medium to high-risk projects.
Long-term project commitment because of potential changes to economic
priorities as the requirements change with time.
Customer is not sure of their requirements which is usually the case.
Requirements are complex and need evaluation to get clarity.
6 New product line which should be released in phases to get enough
customer feedback.
Significant changes are expected in the product during the development
cycle.
4. V-Model
V- Model application is almost same as waterfall model, as both the models are of
sequential type. Requirements have to be very clear before the project starts,
because it is usually expensive to go back and make changes. This model is used in
the medical development field, as it is strictly disciplined domain.
Requirements are well defined, clearly documented and fixed.
Product definition is stable.
Technology is not dynamic and is well understood by the project team.
There are no ambiguous or undefined requirements
The project is short.
Incorporation
DIMTS was organized in 2006 to prepare, plan, design and implement complex
transport related projects in Delhi. In 2007, it was incorporated and became
an equal equity joint venture between Government of National Capital
Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) and the IDFC Foundation. The company has
equal representation from both GNCTD and IDFC in its Board.
Vision
To create an environment where the majority of trips take place by public transport
in preference to personal motorized transport.
Projects
Implementation of automatic vehicle location and tracking system for the entire
public transit bus fleet in Delhi
Detailed project report and project management consultancy for rail line
implementation
Cycle Stations at the BRT corridor to promote cycling amongst the public
Cycle rallies at the BRT corridor to promote concept of cycling amongst the
public
Key Clients
Services
PIS BOARDS
Performance
QUESTIONNAIRE
1) Are you customer of Wipro
Company? Tick mark from the
following:
a) Yes b) No
a) Desktops a) HP
b) Enterprise b)
servers ACER
c) Packaged
Software c) HCL
d) Enterprise
products d) IFB
e) Notebooks
a) Price 1 2 3 4 5
b) Appearance 1 2 3 4 5
c) Quality 1 2 3 4 5
d) Function 1 2 3 4 5
e) After sales services 1 2 3 4 5
7) Does Wipros service man regularly visit your home for service?
b)
a) Yes No
10) Are you satisfied with following aspects of Wipro product which you are
using?
Satisfied Neither satisfied Not satisfied
nor dissatisfied
Software
a) compatibility 1 2 3
b) Accessories 1 2 3
c) Price 1 2 3
d) Features 1 2 3
e) Appearance 1 2 3
11) Which additional after sales service you desire the most?
a) Warranty
b) Replacement
c) Availability of spares
d) Other, than specify______________________
12) If, Wipro launch new products in the market from the following, which
product do you prefer it in future?
a) Television
b) Washing machine
c) Mobile Phone
d) Camera
13) How would you rate the overall satisfaction from Wipro
Company? (Rank accordingly, Lowest 1 and Highest 10)
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
14) Is Wipro able to fulfill your all features requirements?
N
a)Yes b) o
a) Very likely
b) Some what likely
c) Neutral
d) Some what unlikely
e) Very unlikely
a) Recommendations
b) Advertisements
c) Brand image
d) Satisfaction
PERSONAL DETAILS:-
19)Name:______________________________
20)Gender:
a) Male
b) Female
22) Occupation:
a) Professional
b) Business
c) Service
d) Student
e) Other than(please specify)__________________________
24)Address:_______________________________________
25)Phone number:________________
BIBLIOGRAPHY
B OOKS:-
rd
Kothari, C .R. Research Methodolgy, 3 Edition, 1997, Vikas Publication
House Pvt . Ltd. , New Delhi.
Websites:-
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