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GEOMETRY
ray BP bisects ABQ
AP
=
AB
[Given]
By property of an angle
........(i) bisector of a triangle P
PQ BQ
In ACQ,
xx
B C
ray CP bisects ACQ [Given] Q
AP AC By property of an angle
= ........(ii) bisector of a triangle
PQ CQ
AP AB AC
= = [From (i) and (ii)]
PQ BQ CQ
AP AB + AC
= BQ + CQ [By Theorem on equal ratios]
PQ
AP AB + AC
= [ B - Q - C]
PQ BC
P
2. In PQR, PQR = 900, As shown
S
in figure, seg QS side PR.
M
seg QM is angle bisector of PQR.
PM PS
Prove that : = (5 marks)
MR SR
Proof : In PQR,
seg QM bisects PQR [Given] Q R
PM PQ [Pr operty of an angle
=
MR QR bi sec tor of a triangle]
PM2 PQ
2 = QR .........(i) [Squaring both sides]
MR
In PQR,
m PQR = 90 [Given]
seg QS hypotenuse PR [Given]
PQR ~ PSQ ~ QSR .........(ii) [Theorem on similarity of
right angled triangles]
PSQ ~ PQR [From (ii)]
PQ PS [Corresponding sides
=
QR PQ of similar triangles]
PQ = PR PS .......(iii)
Also, QSR ~ PQR [From (ii)]
QR SR [Corresponding sides
=
PR QR of similar triangles]
QR = PR SR ........(iv)
PM2 PR PS
2 = PR SR [From (i), (iii) and (iv)]
MR
PM2 PS
2 =
MR SR
S C H O O L S E C TI O N 341
GEOMETRY MT EDUCARE LTD.
3. Find the radius of a circle drawn by a compass when angle between two
arms of compass is 1200 and length of each arm is 24cm. (5 marks)
Sol. B
In the adjoining figure, 120 0
24
cm
seg AB and seg BC represents the
cm
24
arms of compass.
In ABC, A C
D
side AB side BC [Given]
BAC BCA ........(i) [Isosceles triangle theorem]
In ABC,
m ABC + m BAC + m BCA = 180 [ Sum of the measures of the
angles of a triangles is 180]
120 + m BAC + m BAC = 180 [From (i)]
2 m BAC = 180 120
2 m BAC = 60
m BAC = 30 .......(ii)
Draw seg BD side AC, A - D - C.
In ABD,
m BAD = 30 [From (ii) and A - D - C]
m ADB = 90 [Given]
m ABD = 60 [Remaining angle]
ABD is a 30 - 60 - 90 triangle.
By 30 - 60 - 90 triangle theorem.
3
AD = AB [Side opposite to 60]
2
3
AD = 24
2
AD = 12 3 cm
Similarly, we can get
DC = 12 3 cm
AC = AD + DC [ A - D - C]
AC = 12 3 + 12 3
AC = 24 3 cm.
The radius of the circle is 24 3 cm.
In BAC,
seg AD is median on side BC. [Given] A E
C
AB + AC = 2AD + 2BD [By Appollonius theorem]
AB + AC 2BD = 2AD
2
1
AB + AC 2 BC = 2AD [ D is the midpoint of seg BC]
2
1
AB + AC 2 BC2 = 2AD
4
1
AB + AC BC = 2AD .........(i)
2
342 S C H O O L S E C TI O N
MT EDUCARE LTD. GEOMETRY
AB AP CB CQ
= [By Dividendo]
AP CQ
BP BQ
= ......(vii) [ A - P - B and B - Q - C]
AP CQ
In ABC,
BP BQ
= [From (vii)]
AP CQ
seg PQ || seg AC [By converse of B.P.T.]
CHAPTER : 2 - CIRCLE
1. From the end points of a diameter of circle perpendiculars are drawn to
a tangent of the same circle. Show that their feet on the tangent are
equidistant from the centre of the circle. (5 marks)
Given : (i) A circle with centre O.
(ii) seg AB is the diameter of the circle.
(iii) Line l is tangent to the circle at point C.
(iv) seg AD line l .
A
D
(v) seg BE line l .
C
To Prove : OD = OE.
Construction : Draw seg OC. O
Proof : seg AD line l [Given] E
seg OC line l [Radius is
perpendicular to the tangent] l
B
seg BE line l [Given]
seg AD || seg OC || seg BE [Perpendiculars drawn to the same
line are parallel to each other]
On transversal AB and DE,
AO DC
= .........(i) [By property of intercepts made by
OB CE
three parallel lines]
344 S C H O O L S E C TI O N
MT EDUCARE LTD. GEOMETRY
346 S C H O O L S E C TI O N
MT EDUCARE LTD. GEOMETRY
6. Two concentric circles with centre O. Seg AB, seg BC and seg AC are
the tangents to the smaller circle at points P, Q and R respectively and
also they are chords of the bigger circle.
1 A
Prove that seg PQ || seg AC , PQ = AC . (5 marks)
2
Proof : R
P O
C
Q
With respect to smaller circle, B
seg OP seg AB .......(i) [Radius is perpendicular to the
seg OQ seg BC .......(ii) tangent]
With respect to bigger circle,
seg OP chord AB [From (i)]
AP = BP .....(iii) [Perpendicular drawn from centre
of circle to chord bisects the chord]
seg OQ chord BC [From (ii)
BQ = QC .....(iv) Perpendicular drawn from centre
of circle to chord bisects the chord]
In ABC,
P and Q are midpoints of sides [From (iii) and (iv)]
AB and BC respectively.
seg PQ || seg AC
1 [By Midpoint theorem]
PQ = AC
2
In ABC,
m BAC + m ABC + m ACB = 180
m BAC + 2x + 2y = 180
m BAC + 2 (x + y) = 180
m BAC + 2 (60) = 180 [From (i)]
m BAC + 120 = 180
m BAC = 180 120
m BAC = 60
Now, ABC can be constructed with base BC, vertical angle BAC and
median AP.
S C H O O L S E C TI O N 347
GEOMETRY MT EDUCARE LTD.
(Rough Figure) A
A
A
60 3 I
cm O
120
120 B C
30 30 P
B P C
4 cm
B C
D
6.5 cm
A A Y
75
3.5 cm 3.5 cm
P
150
15 15
B C X
6.5 cm
348 S C H O O L S E C TI O N
MT EDUCARE LTD. GEOMETRY
(Rough Figure) A
2.2 cm
A 50
B C
M
8.8 cm
Q
P
4.
8
cm cm
5
B O C
5.8 cm
Steps of construction :
1. Draw seg BC = 8.8 cm.
2. At B, draw m ABC = 50.
3. Draw bisector of B, as incentre lies on angle bisector.
4. Draw a line parallel to side BC at a distance of 2.2 cm from BC.
5. Point of intersection of line parallel to BC and angle bisector is incentre.
Let incentre be I.
6. From I, draw seg IM side BC. seg IM is in-radius.
7. Draw incircle with IM as radius to touch sides AB and BC.
8. From C draw the tangent to the circle to meet ray BA at A.
4. Draw a sector O-AXB with radius 7 cm and m (arc AXB) = 50. Draw a
circle touching the sides OA and OB and also the arc. (5 marks)
A
(Rough Figure)
X
cm
I
7
50
O 7 cm B
S C H O O L S E C TI O N 349
GEOMETRY MT EDUCARE LTD.
P
A
50
O B Q
7 cm
Steps of construction :
1. Draw m O = 50 and arc AB of radius 7 cm.
2. Draw bisector of O. It intersects arc AB at X.
3. At X, draw the PQ ray OX to cut ray OA at P and ray OB at Q.
4. Draw bisector of Q. It intersects ray OX at I.
5. Draw incircle with I as centre and IX as radius.
This circle touches the ray OA, ray OB and also arc AXB.
Q
P
4.
8
A 5
cm cm
B C
5.8 cm
I Y
2.2 cm 2.2 cm
50
B M C X
8.8 cm
350 S C H O O L S E C TI O N
MT EDUCARE LTD. GEOMETRY
Steps of construction :
1. Draw seg BC of length 5.8 cm.
2. Draw a semicircle with seg BC as the diameter.
3. Taking B as the centre and radius 5 cm cut an arc on the semicircle to get
point P and draw seg BP.
4. Taking C as the centre and radius 4.8 cm cut an arc on the semicircle to get
point Q and draw seg CQ.
5. Extend seg BQ and seg CP to intersect at point A.
ABC is the required triangle.
6. Draw a line l. Take a point P at a distance 5cm from line l. Draw a circle
with radius 3cm such that the circle touches the line l and passes
through point P. (5 marks)
(Rough Figure)
3
P
cm
5 cm
3 N O
cm
3 cm
5 cm
N O M T
3 cm
l
M T
Steps of construction :
1. Draw line l.
2. Take a point M on line l and draw a perpendicular to line l at point M.
3. With point M as the centre, cut an arc of radius 5 cm on the perpendicular
to get point P.
4. With point M as the centre and radius 3 cm cut an arc on seg PM to get point N.
5. Draw a line m perpendicular to line PM at point N.
6. With point P as the centre cut an arc of radius 3 cm on line m to get point O.
7. With point O as the centre and seg OP as the radius, draw the required circle.
8. Draw a perpendicular from point O to line l to get point T.
CHAPTER : 4 - TRIGONOMETRY
1
1. If 1 + x 2 sin = x, prove that tan2 + cot2 = x2 + . (5 marks)
x2
Proof : 1 + x 2 sin = x
x
sin =
1 + x2
x2
sin2 = [Squaring both sides]
1 + x2
S C H O O L S E C TI O N 351
GEOMETRY MT EDUCARE LTD.
sin2 + cos2 = 1
cos2 = 1 sin2
x2
cos2 = 1
1 + x2
1 x2 x2
cos2 =
1 + x2
1
cos2 =
1 + x2
sin2
tan2 =
cos 2
x2 1
= 2
1 x 1 x2
2
x 1 x2
=
1 x2 1
= x2
1
cot2 =
tan2
1
=
x2
L.H.S. = tan2 + cot2
1
= x2 + 2
x
= R.H.S.
1
tan2 + cot2 = x2 + 2
x
tan cot
2. Prove : 1 cot + 1 tan = 1 + tan + cot (5 marks)
tan cot
Proof : L.H.S. = 1 cot + 1 tan
352 S C H O O L S E C TI O N
MT EDUCARE LTD. GEOMETRY
= (sin4 )2 (cos4 )2
= (sin4 cos4 ) (sin4 + cos4 )
= (sin2 cos2 ) (sin2 + cos2 ) (sin4 + cos4 )
= (sin2 cos2 ) (sin4 + cos4 ) [ sin2 + cos2 = 1]
= (sin cos ) (sin + cos + 2sin cos2 2sin2 cos2 )
2 2 4 4 2
S C H O O L S E C TI O N 353
GEOMETRY MT EDUCARE LTD.
5. Prove : (sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + sec A)2 = 7 + tan2 A + cot2 A. (5 marks)
Proof : L.H.S = (sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + sec A)2
= sin2 A + 2sin A . cosec A + cosec2 A + cos2A + 2cos A . sec A +
sec2 A
= (sin2 A + cos2 A) + (cosec2 A) + (sec2 A) + 2 sin A . cosec A +
2 cos A . sec A
1 1
= 1 + (1 + cot2 A) + (1 + tan2 A) + 2 sin A sin A + 2cos A cos A
= 1 + 1 + cot2 A + 1 + tan2 A + 2 + 2
= 7 + tan2 A + cot2 A
= R.H.S.
(sin A + cosec A)2 + (cos A + sec A)2 = 7 + tan2 A + cot2 A.
tan A tan A
7. sec A - 1 + sec A + 1 = 2 cosec A (5 marks)
tan A tan A
Proof : L.H.S. = sec A - 1 + sec A + 1
354 S C H O O L S E C TI O N
MT EDUCARE LTD. GEOMETRY
sinA sin A
cos A cos A
= 1 + 1
-1 +1
cos A cos A
sinA sin A
cos A cos A
= (1 cos A ) + (1 + cos A )
cos A cos A
sin A sin A
= 1 cos A + 1 + cos A
1 1
= sin A +
1 cos A 1 + cos A
1 + cos A + 1 cos A
= sin A (1 cos A) (1+cos A)
2
= sin A
1 cos A
2 sin A + cos A = 1
= sin A 1 - cos A = sin A
sin A
2
= sin A
= 2 cosec A
= R.H.S.
tan A tan A
sec A - 1 + sec A + 1 = 2 cosec A
6. From the top of a light house, 80 metres high, two ships on same side of
light house are observed . The angles of depression of the ships as seen
from the lighthouse are found to be of 450 and 300. Find the distance
between the two ships (Assume that the two ships and the bottom of
the lighthouse are in a line). (5 marks)
E A
Sol. In the adjoining figure,
30 0
seg AB represents the lighthouse. 450
A is the position of the observer
80 m
S C H O O L S E C TI O N 355
GEOMETRY MT EDUCARE LTD.
2. Find the equations of the lines which through the point (3, 4) and the
sum of whose intercepts on the axes is 14.
Sol. Let the intercepts made by the lines on the co-ordinate axes be a and
b respectively.
a + b = 14 ........(i)
x y
The equation of the line is 1
a b
Since the line passes through the point (3, 4)
3 4
1
a b
3b + 4a = ab .......(ii)
From (i), a = 14 b
Substituting a = 14 b in (ii) we get,
3b + 4 (14 b) = (14 b)b
3b + 56 4b = 14b b2
b2 15b + 56 = 0
b2 8b 7b + 56 = 0
b (b 8) 7 (b 8) = 0
(b 8) (b 7) = 0
b = 8 OR b = 7
By (i) when b = 8, c = 14 8 = 6
and when b = 7, c = 14 7 = 7
Equations of the required lines are
x y x y
1 and 1
6 8 7 7
4x + 3y = 24 and x + y = 7
4x + 3y 24 = 0 and x + y 7 = 0
3. Find the equation of a line which passes through the point ( 3, 7) and
makes intercepts on the co-ordinate axes which are equal in magnitude
but opposite in sign.
Sol. Let the intercepts made by the line on the co-ordinate axes be a and b.
a=b .......(i)
x y
The equation of the line is 1
a b
x y
b b 1
x+y=b
This line passes through the point ( 3, 7)
( 3) + 7 = b
b = 10
The equation of the line is x + y = 10
x y + 10 = 0
4. Find the equation of a line which contains the point (4, 1) and whose
x-intercept is twice its y-intercept.
Sol. Let the intercepts made by the line on the co-ordinate axes be a and
b respectively.
a = 2b
x y
The equation of the line is 1
a b
x y
1
2b b
S C H O O L S E C TI O N 357
GEOMETRY MT EDUCARE LTD.
x + 2y = 2b
Since this line contains the point (4, 1)
4 + 2 (1) = 2b
6 = 2b
b=3
Equation of the required line is x + 2y = 6
x + 2y 6 = 0
358 S C H O O L S E C TI O N
MT EDUCARE LTD. GEOMETRY
6. Find the equations of the line which cut off intercepts on the axes whose
sum is 1 and product is 6.
Sol. Let the intercepts made by the line on the co-ordinates axes be a and
b respectively.
a+b=1 ........(i)
and ab = 6 .......(ii)
From (ii)
6
b=
a
Substituting this in (i) we get,
6
a = 1
a
a2 6 = a
a a6 = 0
2
a2 3a + 2a 6 = 0
a (a 3) + 2 (a 3) = 0
(a 3) (a + 2) = 0
a = 3 or a = 2
By (i) when a = 3, b = 1 3 = 2
and when a = 2, b = 1 ( 2) = 3
Now, equation of the line making intercepts a and b is
x y
1
a b
Equations of the required lines are
x y x y
1 and 1
3 2 2 3
2x 3y = 6 and 3x + 2y = 6
2x 3y 6 = 0 and 3x 2y + 6 = 0
CHAPTER : 6 - MENSURATION
1. A tinmaker converts a cubical metallic box into 10 cylindrical tins. Side
of the cube is 50 cm and radius of the cylinder is 7 cm. Find the height of
each cylinder so made if the wastage of 12% is incurred in the process.
22
(Given = ).
7
Sol. Side of the cubical metallic box (l) = 50 cm
Total surface area of cubical box = 6l2
= 6 (50)2
= 6 2500
= 15000 cm2
Wastage incurred in the process of making 10 cylindrical tins
= 12% of 15000
12
= 15000
100
= 1800cm2
Area of metal sheet used to make 10 cylindrical tins
= Total surface area of cubical box Wastage incurred in the process
= 15000 - 1800
= 13200 cm2
Area of metal sheet used to make each cylindrical tin
13200
=
10
= 1320 cm2
S C H O O L S E C TI O N 359
GEOMETRY MT EDUCARE LTD.
Radius (r) = 7 cm
Area of metal sheet used to
= Total surface area of cylinder
make each cylindrical tin
Total surface area of cylinder = 2r (r + h)
22
1320 = 2 7 (7 + h)
7
1320 = 2 22 (7 + h)
1320
= 7+h
2 22
30 = 7+h
h = 30 7
h = 23 cm
Height of each cylinder is 23 cm.
2. The three faces A, B, C of a cuboid have surface area 450 cm2, 600 cm2
and 300 cm2 respectively. Find the volume of the cuboid.
Sol. Surface area of face A = 450 cm2
Surface area of face A = l h
l h = 450 .....(i)
Surface area of face B = 600cm2
Surface area of face B = l b
l b = 600 .....(ii)
Surface area of face C = 300 cm2
Surface area of face C = b h
b h = 300 .....(iii)
Multiplying (i), (ii) and (iii),
l h l b b h = 450 600 300
l2 b2 h2 = 450 2 300 300
lbh = 900 300 300 [Taking square roots]
lbh = 30 300
lbh = 9000cm3
But, Volume of the cuboid = lbh
Volume of the cuboid = 9000cm3
Volume of the cuboid is 9000 cm3.
3. Oil tins of cuboidal shape are made from a metallic sheet with length 8
m and breadth 4 m . Each tin has dimensions 60 40 20 in cm and is
open from the top. Find the number of such tins that can be made.
Sol. Length of the metallic sheet (l) = 8 m
= 8 100
= 800 cm B
its breadth (b) = 4 m C
= 4 100 A h
= 400 cm b
Area of metallic sheet = l b l
= 800 400
= 320000 cm2
Length of the oil tin (l1) = 60 cm
its breadth (b1) = 40 cm
its height (h1) = 20 cm
Area of metallic sheet required for each tin
= surface area of vertical faces + surface area of the base
= [2 (l1 + b1) h1] + [l1 b1]
360 S C H O O L S E C TI O N
MT EDUCARE LTD. GEOMETRY
S C H O O L S E C TI O N 361
GEOMETRY MT EDUCARE LTD.
5. Water drips from a tap at the rate of 4 drops in every 3 seconds. Volume of
one drop is 0.4 cm3. If dripped water is collected in a cylinder vessel of
height 7 cm and diameter is 8 cm. In what time will the vessel be completely
filled ? What is the volume of water collected ? How many such vessels
will be completely filled in 3 hours and 40 minutes ? (5 marks)
Sol. Diameter of the cylindrical vessel = 8cm
Its radius (r) = 4 cm
its height (h) = 7 cm
Volume of the cylindrical vessel = r 2 h
22
= 447
7
= 22 16
= 352 cm3
Volume of water collected = 352 cm3
Volume of one drop of water = 0.4 cm3
Volume of 4 drops of water = 4 0.4
= 1.6 cm3
Water drips from the tap at the rate of 4 drops in every 3 seconds
Volume of water collected in 3 seconds = 1.6 cm3
1.6
Volume of water collected in 1 seconds = cm3
3
Time required to fill the cylindrical vessel
Volume of cylindrical vessel
= Volume of water collected in each sec ond
352
= 1.6
3
3
= 352
1.6
352 3 10
= 1.6 10
352 3 10
=
16
= 660 seconds
= 11 minutes [ 1 minutes = 60 seconds]
3 hours and 40 minutes = 3 60 min + 40 min
= 180 + 40
= 220 minutes
Number of vessels that can be completely filled in 220 minutes
220
=
11
= 20
20 vessels can be filled in 3 hours and 40 minutes.
362 S C H O O L S E C TI O N
MT EDUCARE LTD. GEOMETRY
In BPQ,
BP = BQ
mBPQ = m BQP .......(i) [Isosceles triangle theorem]
m BPQ + m BQP + m PBQ = 180 [Sum of the measures of angles
of a triangle is 180]
m BPQ + m BPQ + 120 = 180 [From (i) and angle of regular
hexagon]
2 mBPQ = 180 120
2 mBPQ = 60
m BPQ = 30 ......(ii)
In BNP,
BNP = 90 [Construction]
BPN = 30 [From (ii) and P - N - Q]
PBN = 60 [Remaining angle]
BNP is 30 - 60 - 90 triangle
By 30 - 60 - 90 triangle theorem,
1
BN = BP [Side opposite to 30]
2
7
BN =
2
BN = 3.5 cm
3
PN = BP [Side opposite to 60]
2
3
PN = 7
2
PN = 3.5 3 cm
PQ = 2PN [Perpendicular drawn from the centre
of the circle to the chord bisects the
chord]
PQ = 2 3.5 3
PQ = 7 3 cm
1
A (BPQ) = PQ BN
2
1
= 7 3 3.5
2
= 3.5 3 3.5
= 3.5 3.5 1.73
= 20.25 1.73
= 21.1925
= 21.19 cm2
A (B-PXQ) = r2
360
120 22
= 77
360 7
154
=
3
= 51.33 cm2
A (segment PXQ) = A (B PXQ) A (BPQ)
= 51.33 21.19
= 30.14 cm2
S C H O O L S E C TI O N 363
GEOMETRY MT EDUCARE LTD.
45 45
= 30
2 2
60750
= cm2
4
Let the radius of the sphere be r1 cm
The metallic disc is melted and moulded into the sphere [Given]
Volume metallic sphere = Volume cylindrical disc
4 3 60750
r1 = cm3
3 4
4 45 45
r13 = 30
3 2 2
45 45 30 3
r13 = 422
45 45 45
r13 = 222
45
r1 = [Taking cube roots]
2
r 1 = 22.5 cm
Total surface area of sphere = 4r 2
22
22.5
2
= 4
7
4 22 506.25
=
7
88 506.25
=
7
4455000
=
7
= 6364.28 cm2 (Approximately)
Radius of the sphere is 22.5 cm and
total surface area of the sphere is 6364.28 cm2.
364 S C H O O L S E C TI O N