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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter covers an overview of the methodology used in the study.

The discussion in the chapter is structured around the research design,

population and sampling techniques, research instruments, the validity of

research instruments, the reliability of research instruments, data collection,

statistical treatment of data and ethical considerations. Ethical considerations

and measures to provide trustworthiness are also discussed

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Qualitative research focuses in understanding a research query as a

humanistic or idealistic approach. Though quantitative approach is a more

reliable method as it is based upon numeric and methods that can be made

objectively and propagated by other researchers. Qualitative method is used to

understand people's beliefs, experiences, attitudes, behavior, and interactions.

It generates non-numerical data. The integration of qualitative research into

intervention studies is a research strategy that is gaining increased attention

across disciplines.(Kalra, Pathak, & Jena, 2013)

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RESEARCH DESIGN

Research design is an essential step in every research purposes. It

enables the researcher to be more familiar with the gathered information and

data which is essential for the feasibility of the study.

In this study, the proponent will use the descriptive research method.

The descriptive method of research attempts to systematically describe a

situation, problem, phenomenon, service or program. It provides information on

the living condition of a community, or describes attitudes towards an issue.

The descriptive research approach is a primary research method that

examines the situation, as it exists in its current state. Descriptive research

involves identification of attributes of particular phenomenon based on an

observational basis, or the exploration of correlation between two or more

phenomena (Leedy and Ormrod, 2001).

Descriptive research refers to research studies that have as their primary

objective the accurate portrayal of the characteristics of persons, situations or

The researcher chooses this type of research method in order to collect

consistent and accurate information and data that leads to feasible and suitable

design solutions to the problem. This kind of investigation method is the most

appropriate and fits to answer the six areas of concern.

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Descriptive research does not fit neatly into the definition of either

quantitative or qualitative research methodologies, but instead it can utilize

elements of both, often within the same study. The term descriptive research

refers to the type of research question, design, and data analysis that will be

applied to a given topic. Descriptive statistics tell what is, while inferential

statistics try to determine cause and effect. (The Handbook Research for

communications and technology).

The research study deals with the areas related to architectural design

about the site, site development, building function, building aesthetics, building

strength and durability as well as building engineering and utility systems.

Research Locale

The study is concerned in the Province of Negros Occidental, and the

City of Bacolod, therefore all data and facts will be gathered in government

agencies that are in the sovereignty of the province. Various interviews and

data gathering were conducted in the PSWD, SDC, DSWD, PPDO, PEO,

NOPPO and other government agencies and centers that has concerns with

the proposal.

Also the researcher consults to some NGOs that are accountable to this

kind of project, their experiences and know-hows are crucial for the
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development of the said proposal, furthermore, these NGOs has satellite

offices that can be found in the province.

SOURCES OF DATA

Primary Data

Primary data are information, facts, or resources which can be collected

from the field under control and supervision. These data can be gathered from

conversation partners using focus group discussions, individual depth

interview, observations, and etc. Conversation partners will be qualified through

a criteria of inclusion formulated.

Inclusion Criteria

The respondent should be a:

Licensed Professional on Architect, Registered Social

concerned fields
Government Employee/Personnel
from the province that have
worked on a center or the like.
Knowledgeable of Children-in-
Conflict with the law.
Workers, Psychologists,
Agriculturists
Rehabilitation Personnel, House-
parents, Staffs
Focal Person, DSWD Officers,
NGO Representatives
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Conversation Partners

The researcher determined several conversation partners that are vital

to the discovery of facts, and are gatekeepers of information. These people are

the respondents which can help the researcher achieve the aspired output. For

the credibility and dependability of the feedbacks of these conversation

partners, criteria for inclusion will be formulated by the researcher.

Mr. Narciso Pagunsan Abad III

Mr. Paolo Sajo

Ms. Leah

Ms. Erica Apellido

Mr. Wendy Castro

Ar. Levi John Cayayan

Secondary Data

Secondary data are gathered or recorded facts or information by

someone else prior to and for a purpose other than the current project.

These are data collected by other concerned branches for different

purposes, which are still essential to the study. Examples of these data
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are news, data from periodicals, journals, magazines, books, libraries,

internet, and other external sources.

Research Instruments

Each major area in this architectural research was given an area of

investigation as to the topic indicators for data gathering. Major areas and their

respective medium of instruments should correlate to their functions.

The following methods/instruments will also be used in gathering

necessary data for the study:

Documents/Photos: The researcher will seek documents,

presentations and statistical data from existing government agencies with

sovereignty to the topic concerned.

Data were gathered from PSWD (Provincial Social Welfare

Development), SDC (Social Development Center) , PNP and other concerned

agencies.

Questionnaire: One of the most traditional ways of conducting a

scholarly research study. They provide a convenient way of collecting

information from a target population. (Walonick, 1993).The researcher utilizes a

questionnaire presented with questions pertaining to important statements and

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facts that are crucial to the study. It is composed of several questions on a

paper related to the study with corresponding space provided for the response

to each of the questions given intended for submission to some persons for the

reply. The research will have these questionnaires validated first by statisticians

or master degree holders. It will then be distributed to the respondents of the

said study.

Library Research: The researcher gathered data that were taken from

books, internet sources, and other media that are related to the study. There

are some previous studies of some famous authors, architects, and other

related people whose concepts are very much helpful and related to the study.

Government laws, amendments, rules and regulations, and other systematic

guidelines was observed to ensure legality.

Observation: Naturalistic observation, involves studying the

spontaneous behavior of CICL in natural surroundings. The researcher tallies

the factors that are contributors to the reformation being undergone by the

delinquents. Using naturalistic observation, the researcher only records what

they see in whatever they can, (Saul McLeod, 2015)

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The researcher will adopt the usage of naturalistic observation as

the focal part of data gathering in the study, since it deals with confidential

information and people. This tool is very much applicable to the study.

Facility Survey: The researcher utilized a self-made facility survey form,

in order to evaluate the present facilities that can be found on youth centers

and rehabilitation centers that can be found in the province. The researcher

aims to use the facility survey to improve the facilities for future implementation.

Validity of Research Instruments

Validity and Reliability of Interview Materials

Interview Questionnaires

In order to ensure effectiveness in the gathering of data needed in the

research, the instruments that will be used by the researcher in conducting the

study should be reliable and valid. WEBSTER DICTIONARY (1980) defines

reliability as the state of being reliable, hence, that may be relied or

depended upon, and it is the degree of being precise and consistent. The

credibility and dependability of the interview materials are refined through an

interview protocol refinement checklist, validated by professionals with masters

degrees.
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Interview Questions

The questions stated in the interview questionnaires must be ensured to

be related and in line to the primary purpose of this study, to provide an

architectural solution to the statement of the problem. The researcher

conducted dry-runs and mock interview to the Subject Matter Experts, which

are the Architects. The questions are evaluated and thoroughly refined in order

to satisfy the architectural solutions that are being sought.

The following are the Subject Matter Experts:

Ar. Levi John Cayayan UAP Architect III, Provincial Engrs Office

Ar. Roberto Aguillon UAP- AB Designs, MS Arch

Ar. Nelson Nessia Jr. UAP- Nessia & Associates

Ar. Alvin Samodal

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Data Gathering Procedures

This part of the study includes the details on how the data is being

collected. The following are the techniques used in acquiring the needed data.

Interview Protocol Refinement

The Interview Protocol Refinement (IPR) framework consists of a four-

phase process. The four-phase process includes: (1) Ensuring interview

questions align with the research questions, (2) constructing an inquiry-based

conversations, (3) receiving feedback on interview protocols, and (4) piloting

the interview protocol. The IRP method can support efforts to strengthen the

reliability of interview protocols used for qualitative research and thereby

contribute to improving the quality of data obtained from research interviews.

In-depth Interview

An in-depth interview is a conversation with an individual conducted by

trained staff that usually collects specific information about one person.
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