Sound

Some plants do worse in noisy areas, a study found, while others seem to do better,
depending on how the community of creatures around them changes. Either way, the ripple
effects can be far reaching and long lasting, especially for trees, which often take decades to
grow from seedlings into adults.

Soil

Soil structure influences the growth and activity of organisms living in soil. In
return, microbes, fauna, and plants affect structure. The objective of this
paper is to review the role of plants in modifying soil structure. Vegetation
affects structural form and stability at different scales and through various
direct and indirect mechanisms. By penetrating the soil, roots form
macropores which favour fluid transport.

Land or soil pollution

Land pollution comes from improper waste disposal, from sources like oil spills,
landfills, pesticides, or illegal dumping.
These chemicals seep into the soil and strip the land from any nutritional content,
and fill the soil with chemicals or metals that damage plant cells and keep plants
from obtaining nutrients and growing.

Furthermore, plants can be poisoned by the toxic substances stored in contaminated

soils. It also can change the plant metabolism and reduce crop yields .

Water pollution
Water pollution happens in various ways, such as sewage leakage, industrial spills
or direct discharge into water bodies, biological contamination, and from farm runoff.
Pollution and contamination of water has many negative effects on plants.
Sometimes there is an excess of nutrients in the water which causes an excess in
plant growth. Other times this excess in nutrients in the water causes a fluctuation in
acidity and damages or kills the plant .

Air pollution
Air pollution comes from many sources such as the smoke stack in a factory, car
exhaust, or off gassing from paint or producing plastic. The effects of air pollution on
plants are widely seen and damage all plants including our food crops and trees.
The chemicals responsible for the pollution include carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen
oxides.

Plants usually show damage in a variety of ways, including visible signs of damage
like necrotic lesions, stunted plant growth, or changing in color including chlorosis
(aka yellowing leaves), reddening, bronzing, mottling .