TRNG I HC S PHM TP.

HCM
TRUNG TM TIN HC

PHNG PHP LM TIU LUN

Ngi hng dn :_____________________

Ngi thc hin :_____________________
Lp__ Nm hc______
 MC LC

Trang
Phn I : YU CU CA TIU LUN
I.1. Yu cu v ni dung
I.2. Yu cu v hnh thc
I.3. Yu cu v phng php
Phn II : CC BC THC HIN TIU LUN
II.1. Xc nh ti
II.2. Tp hp thng tin
II.3. Lp cng
II.4. Gii quyt tng mc ni dung nghin cu
II.5. Hon thin tiu lun
Phn III : MT S K NNG CN THIT
III.1. S dng Style Normal
III.2. To h thng mc
III.3. To mc lc
III.4. To ch thch
III.5. To Header/Footer
III.6. To cc tham chiu cho
Phn IV : Ti liu tham kho
 Phn I
YU CU CA TIU LUN
Lm tiu lun l mt trong nhng cng vic m ngi sinh vin phi thc hin
trong qu trnh hc tp ti trng i hc. lm tt tiu lun, cn phi nm c
cc yu cu ca tiu lun. Phn ny s trnh by vn tt cc yu cu , bao
gm : Yu cu v ni dung, yu cu v hnh thc, yu cu v phng php.

I.1. Yu cu v ni dung
Tiu lun l mt bi tp nghin cu khoa hc sau khi hc xong mt mn hc no
. Ty theo ngnh hc v cp hc, im tiu lun c th c thay cho im thi
ht mn nhng cng c th l mt im ring bit. Ni dung ca tiu lun phi c
lin quan n mn hc, gp phn gii p, m rng hoc nng cao kin thc v
mt vn khoa hc thuc mn hc. Ngi lm cn phi a ra nhng nghin cu
ring, kin ring ca mnh v vn khoa hc c cp ti trong tiu lun.
Khng nn dng mc ch tng hp cc ti liu v kin c sn. C th trch
dn[1] nhng khng c sao chp nguyn xi ti liu.

I.2. Yu cu v hnh thc

I.2.1. Yu cu v trnh by
Tiu lun cn c son tho bng my tnh, trnh by ng qui cch, bao gm cc
im chnh :
Tiu lun c lm trn kh giy A4.
In kiu ch Times, c ch 13, nn in 1 mt.
S dng in trong mt trang l 26-27 dng (dn cch dng 1,5 lines).
Khng nn lm dng cc tnh nng trnh by ca my tnh, ch nn trnh by r
rng, sng sa. Tiu lun cn c vit vi vn phong gin d, trong sng, s dng
chnh xc cc thut ng chuyn mn, c bit, khng c mc cc li chnh t v
ng php. Mun vy, sau khi hon thnh xong v ni dung, trc khi in, cn phi
c li v sa cha k lng v chnh t, ng php, cu vn v cch trnh by
trang in.
I.2.2. Yu cu v b cc
V hnh thc, tiu lun bao gm cc thnh phn chnh sau :
1. Ba : Ngoi cng ca tiu lun l ba tiu lun. Ba c lm bng giy cng,
pha trn cng tn trng v khoa, gia trang tn ti bng kh ch to, gn
cui trang tn gio vin hng dn, tn ngi thc hin ti, lp v nm hc.
C th trnh by trang ba bng cc khung cho p.
2. Trang ba : L bn chp ca ba, in trn giy bnh thng.
3. Li cm n (nu cn)
4. Mc lc :
5. Phn ni dung chnh : y l phn trnh by kt qu nghin cu ca tiu lun.
Phn ny gm nhiu phn nh, c trnh by chi tit sau (xin xem mc II.3,
trang 5).
6. Danh mc ti liu tham kho
7. Ph lc (nu cn)

I.3. Yu cu v phng php

Vit tiu lun l tp nghin cu khoa hc, tiu lun c th c coi l mt cng
trnh khoa hc nho nh. Do vy cn phi xc nh r phng php thc hin tiu
lun bao gm cc phng php nghin cu ca ngnh hc cng vi cc phng
php h tr khc, trong phng php s dng my tnh son tho vn bn.
 Phn II
CC BC THC HIN TIU LUN

Sau khi xc nh c cc yu cu ca tiu lun, cn phi phn chia vic thc hin
tiu lun thnh cc cng vic nh hn v n gin hn, nh r th t thc hin
cc cng vic , thi gian cn thit cho tng cng vic. Tc l phi xc nh cc
bc thc hin tiu lun. Kt qu ca vic ny l mt bn k hoch thc hin tiu
lun c gio vin hng dn chp thun.
Phn ny trnh by cc bc chnh thc hin mt tiu lun [2], bao gm cc bc
: 1- Xc nh ti, 2- Tp hp thng tin, 3- Lp cng, 4- Gii quyt tng
mc trong ni dung nghin cu, 5- Hon thin tiu lun.

II.1. Xc nh ti
Trc tin cn tm kim v la chn ti nghin cu. ti c th do gio vin
hng dn nu ra (v d, c th l mt phn trong cng trnh nghin cu ca
gio vin) nhng cng c khi sinh vin phi t tm kim. C th tm kim ti
trong chng trnh hc hoc trong thc tin lin quan ti ngnh hoc mn hc.
Cn phi xc nh r phm vi nghin cu ca ti nh gii hn v ni dung, v
mc su sc ca vic nghin cu, i vi mt s ngnh cn phi gii hn v
thi gian, khng gian ca s kin. V thi gian lm tiu lun b hn ch nn cn
ch chn nhng ti va sc v phi a ra nhng gii hn ph hp, ng nn
chn nhng ti qu kh, qu rng.
Khi trnh by vi gio vin hng dn, cn phi ni r ni dung ti, l do chn
ti, phng php nghin cu ti, gii hn phm vi nghin cu v cui cng
l tn ti[3].

II.2. Tp hp thng tin

Sau khi xc nh c ti nghin cu ca tiu lun, cn phi tp hp cc
thng tin lin quan n ti nghin cu, v d nh :
Cc ngun ti liu nh sch, bo, tp ch, K yu khoa hc... c lu tr
trong cc th vin hoc trn Internet.
Cc kt qu c c t cc th nghim, thc nghim, thc a, thc tp,
iu tra,...
v.v
Kt qu ca vic tp hp thng tin l mt bn danh mc cc ti liu tham kho,
trong cc ti liu c sp th t theo tn tc gi hoc tn ti liu...
II.3. Lp cng
cng l ci khung ca tiu lun v cng l cc nt chnh v phng cch gii
quyt vn nghin cu c nu ra. bc ny, cn nu ra c ni dung tiu
lun s gm bao nhiu phn, chng, mc; b tr ra sao, ni dung ch yu ca mi
mc l g. Tt nhin y ch l nhng d kin, sau ny c th cn thay i.
Ni chung, ni dung tiu lun gm cc phn chnh sau:
a. Phn m u : Trong phn ny cn nu r ni dung ti nghin cu, l do v
mc ch nghin cu, phng php nghin cu.
b. Phn thn : Phn ny bao gm nhiu phn nh (chng) I, II, III.... y l
ni dung ch yu ca tiu lun, thuc chuyn mn ngnh hc. Mi phn nh
c th gm nhiu mc, th hin qu trnh gii quyt vn nu trong ti, cc
kt qu trong qu trnh nghin cu, cc nhn nh, nh gi... Phn ny c th
c vit nhiu ln, sa cha, b sung trong sut qu trnh nghin cu. y l
phn ch yu th hin cng sc v trnh nghin cu ca ngi thc hin
tiu lun.
c. Phn kt lun : Trong phn ny cn tm tt qu trnh gii quyt vn cc kt
qu nghin cu. Nu ln c ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca kt qu
nghin cu. Cui cng, Nu ra nhng vn cha gii quyt c v hng
pht trin ca ti.

II.4. Gii quyt tng mc ni dung nghin cu

y l bc chim nhiu cng sc nht trong qu trnh lm tiu lun. Ngi thc
hin tiu lun cn phi tin hnh nghin cu, lm th nghim, thc nghim, iu
tra, phng vn, tra cu ti liu, tng hp v phn tch d liu, suy ngh v a ra
nhng nhn xt, nh gi, ... cho tng mc trong tiu lun. Sau vit nhng kt
qu nghin cu ca mnh vo tiu lun.
Trc ht hy vit tt c nhng g mnh t c, nhng g mnh suy ngh cho d
nhng kt qu ang cn c phn ln xn, cha chc chn. Trong cc bc tip
theo s iu chnh, sng lc, sp xp li.

II.5. Hon thin tiu lun

Sau khi vit c hu ht ni dung tiu lun, cn phi c li v hon thin tiu
lun. Chnh trong phn ny, vic son tho tiu lun bng my tnh s pht huy tc
dng rt tt. Vi my tnh, ta c th thm, bt, xa, sa vn bn tiu lun mt cch
ht sc t do, c th chn cc hnh nh, biu bng, s , cng thc, ... rt tin li.
Trong bc ny, cn phi :
iu chnh ni dung v b cc tiu lun cho ph hp vi qu trnh v kt
qu nghin cu, ng thi khin cc phn c lin kt vi nhau mt cch
mch lc, r rng. Lc b nhng phn, nhng cha tht chc chn hoc
qu lan man.
 Sa cha li chnh t, cu vn v t sao cho tiu lun c trnh by mt
cch chnh xc, d hiu v trong sng.
Chnh sa ni dung v hnh thc cc bng, biu, hnh nh.... Nhp Danh
mc ti liu tham kho.
iu chnh nh dng cc phn ca vn bn tiu lun nh cc tiu , ch
thch, tham chiu, .... To cc phn cn thit cho vn bn tiu lun nh :
Trang ba, Mc lc, Header/Footer,...
 Phn III
MT S K NNG CN THIT

Phn ny s trnh by mt k nng cn thit cho vic son tho tiu lun m cha
c trnh by trong gio trnh [1] nh : S dng Style, to mc (Heading), to
mc lc (Table of Contens), to ch thch (Foonote/Endnote), to Header/Footer,
to tham chiu cho (Cross Reference), Tm kim v thay th trong vn bn, ...
Ngoi ra, khi son tho tiu lun, cng cn phi p dng mt s k nng khc
(Chn cc kiu ch ting Vit; g phm ting Vit; sao chp, xa, di chuyn cc
nhm ch hay cc on vn bn; nh dng trang in; chn hnh nh; v biu , s
; v.v) c trong gio trnh.

III.1. S dng Style Normal

Style l mt tp hp cc c tnh nh dng, c th s dng style nh dng mt
cch nhanh chng mt nhm on vn hay mt thnh phn no trong vn bn.
p dng mt style no vo mt on vn bn, hy nh du on vn bn
v chn style mong mun trong hp Style. C th to mi, xa, sa style. Tuy
nhin, phn ny ch trnh by vic sa v p dng style Normal.
Style Normal c p dng cho cc on vn bn bnh thng trong vn bn, v
vy cn phi sa cha cc nh dng trong style Normal theo ng qui nh ca
tiu lun khng phi sa cha nh dng nhiu ln.
Hy lm cc thao tc : Format => Styles and Formatting => nhn nt phi chut
vo style Normal =>Modify => Format, sau :
Bm chut vo mc Font chn kiu ch VNI-Times, c ch 13, chn
Normal mc Font style.
Bm chut vo mc Paragraph chn Alignment l justified, Line
spacing l 1.5lines. Ngoi ra c th chn mt s mc khc ty .
Ch : ng nh du vo mc Automatically update.

III.2. To h thng mc
C th dng nhm Heading styles nh dng h thng mc trong vn bn,
Heading 1 dng cho mc cp 1, Heading 1 dng cho mc cp 2, .... Vic sa
cha cc style Heading ging nh sa cha style Normal. la chn cch
nh s ph hp vi tiu lun, trong hp thoi sa cha style Heading..., hy
chn Format => Numbering => Outline Numbered => Chn kiu nh s
=> Customize => sa cha theo mun.
III.3. To mc lc
Vi vic dng cc style Heading... to h thng mc, c th to mc lc
mt cch t ng theo cc bc sau :
Bm chut du nhy ng vo v tr nh to mc lc.
Insert => Reference => Index and Tables => Table of Contents
Hy chn cc mc cn thit, trong mc Show level ch s cp mc
c hin ln trong bng mc lc.
Chn mc Modify => TOC... => Modify =>... sa cha nh dng cc
dng ca mc lc (Style TOC...).
Trong qu trnh son tho tiu lun, h thng mc c th b di chuyn, thay i,
do cn phi cp nht mc lc. lm iu ny, hy bm chut vo mc lc ri
nhn phm F9. Cng c th sa cha bng tay hnh thc ca mc lc.

III.4. To ch thch
to cc ch thch, hy thc hin cc bc sau :
Bm chut a du nhy vo v tr nh to ch thch.
Insert => Reference => Footnote...
Ti mc Location, chn Footnote nu mun ghi ch thch cui mi trang,
chn Endnote nu mun ghi ch thch cui tiu lun hay cui
mi section (v d, cui mi chng).
Hy chn cch nh s thch hp ti cc mc cn li trong hp thoi.
nh dng ca ch s ch thch t ti style Footnote Reference, nh dng ca
dng ch thch t ti style Footnete Text. sa cha, hy bm chut vo ch
s hoc dng ch ca mt ch thch, chn Format => Styles and Formatting =>
nhn nt phi chut vo hp formatting of selected text ri sa cha style.

III.5. To Header/Footer
Header l phn ghi u mi trang, Footer l phn ghi cui mi trang. Trong
phn ny c th ghi tiu hoc nh s trang, v.v. Cch to v nh dng
Header/Footer c trong gio trnh. Cn ch thm nhng sau
Nu mun to Header/Footer khc nhau gia cc trang chn/l, hy
chn File => Page Setup => Layout => nh du vo Different odd and
even.
Nu mun to Header/Footer khc nhau trn tng on vn bn (v d, trn
tng chng, mc), hy chia vn bn thnh cc section, g b thuc
tnh same as previous ca Header/Footer ri nh dng Header/Footer cho
tng section[4].
III.6. To cc tham chiu cho
Tnh nng tham chiu cho (cross-reference) dng tham chiu mt mc no
trong vn bn. C th dng tham chiu cho ch ti ti liu tham kho, chng
mc, hnh nh, bng biu,... c trong tiu lun. to tham chiu cho, hy thc
hin cc bc sau:
Bm chut a du nhy vo v tr nh to tham chiu cho.
Insert => Reference => Cross-reference
Chn mc cn tham chiu ti ri nhn nt Insert.
Cng ging nh bng mc lc, ni dung ca cc tham chiu cho c th b thay
i trong qu trnh son tho vn bn nhng Word li khng t ng cp nht
ngay. V vy, sau khi chnh sa xong v ni dung, cn cp nht li bng mc
lc v cc tham chiu cho theo cc bc sau:
Chn ton b vn bn (nhn Ctrl+A hoc Edit => Select All ).
Nhn phm F9.
 Phn IV
Ti liu tham kho
[1] Gio trnh Tin hc, Phn II : Microsoft Word, Trung tm Tin hc HSP
TP.HCM, 2002.
[2] J. David Lifer and Gary L. Margot, Learn Office 97, QUE Education and
Training, 1998.
[3] V vn Vin, Gip t hc Word 97 for Windows, Nh xut bn ng Nai,
1999.

[1]
Khi trch dn, cn ghi ch r rng ngun ti liu.
[2]
Tt nhin, ty theo mn hc v ti m c th phi c thm bt cc bc.
[3]
Cn t tn ti ngn gn, chnh xc vi ni dung v gii hn ca ti
[4]
Xem thm phn Insert the chapter number and title in a header or footer trong Help