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Assignment - 2
2. Show that each of the functions y1 (x) = sin x sin33x and y2 (x) = sin3 x is a solution
of the differential equation
But show that y = c1 y1 + c2 y2 is not the general solution of the differential equation.
where p and q are constants is called Eulers equation. Show that the change of
independent variable given by x = exp t transforms the differential equation into
an equation with constant coefficients. Apply this technique to find the general
solution of the following differential equations.
1
(i) x2 y 00 + 3xy 0 + 10y = 0.
Ans.y = x1 [c1 cos(ln x3 ) + c2 sin(ln x3 )] .
(ii)2x2 y 00 + 10xy 0 + 8y = 0.
Ans. y = c1 x2 + c2 x2 ln x.
(iii)x2 y 00 + 2xy 0 12y = 0.
Ans. y = c1 x3 + c2 x4 .
into a Cauchy -Euler equation, Use this result to find the general solution of the
differential equation
2
7. Use the method of variation of parameters to find the general solution of each of
the following equations.
(i)y 00 + y = sec x
Ans. y(x) = c1 sin x + c2 cos x + x sin x + cos x ln cos x.
(ii)x2 y 00 + xy 0 y = x2 exp(x)
Ans. y(x) = c1 x + c2 x1 + exp(x)(1 + x1 ).
(iii)(x 3)2 y 00 + (x 3)y 0 + y = x
x
Ans. y(x) = c1 cos[ln(x 3)] + c2 sin[ln(x 3)] + 2
+ 32 .
8. Find the general solution of each of the following equations. One solution of the
homogeneous equation is shown alongside.
(i) x2 y 00 xy 0 + y = 0; y1 = x
Ans. y(x) = c1 x + c2 x ln x.
(ii)x2 y 00 + xy 0 4y = 0; y1 = x2
Ans. y(x) = c1 x2 + c2 x2 .
(iii)x2 y 00 + xy 0 + (x2 1/4)y = 0; y1 (x) = x1/2 sin x
Ans. y(x) = c1 x1/2 sin x + c2 x1/2 cos x.
(iii)(1 x2 )y 00 2xy 0 + 2y = 0; y1 (x) = x
Ans. y(x) = c1 x + c2 x2 ln 1+x
1x
1 .
(iv) xy 00 (2x + 1)y 0 + (x + 1)y = 0; y1 (x) = exp x.
Ans. y(x) = c1 exp x + c2 x2 exp x.