TMHL41 2014-08-30

TMHL41 2014-08-30 (Del I, teori; 1 p.)

1 Compute if are the elements of a symmetric and the elements of an antisymmetric

nd
2 order Cartesian tensor.

SOLUTION ----------------------------------------

TMHL41 2014-08-30 (Del I, teori; 1 p.)

2. Fig. 2 shows the elementary tetrahedron often

used in dealing with the basics of stress defini-
tion. On the oblique surface, whose surface nor-
mal is , and whose area is , the traction vector
has also been marked.
Given that the surfaces perpendicular to ,
and have areas , and ,
respectively (see Fig. 2), prove the Cauchy
equation

in which are the components of the Cauchy

stress tensor.

Fig. 2
 TMHL41 2014-08-30

SOLUTION ----------------------------------------

See Spencer, Section 5.3, pp. 46 49: With denoting the traction vector on the surface , ,
equilibrium gives

Since by definition ,we thus have Q.E.D.

TMHL41 2014-08-30 (Del I, teori; 1 p.)

3. Calculate the Lagrangian strain tensor for the rigid body motion , where

( ) [ ]

Definitions:

SOLUTION ----------------------------------------

[ ]

[ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ]

TMHL41 2014-08-30 (Del I, teori; 1 p.)

4. A motion in a point in space is described as . Derive the material time derivative of a

property of a particle in this motion.

SOLUTION ----------------------------------------
 TMHL41 2014-08-30

TMHL41 2014-08-30 (Del II, problem; 3 p.)

5. A stress state
( ) [ ]

is given. Find the principal components of stress and compute the corresponding principal directions.

SOLUTION ----------------------------------------

Principal stresses

( ) [ ]

[ ] {

Principal directions

[ ][ ]

Together with the unity condition we get

{
 TMHL41 2014-08-30

Analogously with :

TMHL41 2014-08-30 (Del II, problem; 3 p.)

6. In a material, two infinitesimally short line elements

and have been marked in the plane orthogonal to the
base vector. is parallel with the base vector , while
is at a 30 angle. See Fig. 6.
The material undergoes a deformation given by the
mapping :

where and are constants.

(a) Find a relation between and so that the 30 angle
between and is preserved during the deformation,
and
Fig. 6
(b) give the range of for which this is possible.

SOLUTION ----------------------------------------
(a)

The deformation gives the following and :

( ) ( )
{
from which
| |
{
| | ( ) ( )
 TMHL41 2014-08-30

The angle between and is now computed by use of the definition of the scalar
product:

| || |
| || |
The requirement that should remain = 30 even after deformation therefore leads to the equation

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( )
( ) ( )

(b)
For the motion to be possible, must be (if not, the deformed configuration would have
negative volume).

[ ]

TMHL41 2014-08-30 (Del II, problem; 3 p.)

7. We have the following velocity and density fields:

Find the necessary relation between and in order that the continuity equation will be satisfied.

SOLUTION ----------------------------------------
Use, for instance, the continuity equation pencer (7.11):

( ) ( )
 TMHL41 2014-08-30

TMHL41 2014-08-30 (Del II, problem; 3 p.)

8. In a particular case, the components of the deformation gradient tensor are

[ ]
Perform the polar decomposition , i.e.,
(a) determine the components of the right stretch tensor in this coordinate system, and
(b) determine the corresponding rotation tensor .

SOLUTION ----------------------------------------
(a)

[ ][ ] [ ]

| |
| |
{

[ ]
[ ]

[ ]

{[ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

{[ ] [ ] [ ]
 TMHL41 2014-08-30

[ ]
[ ]

[ ]

{[ ] [ ] [ ]

Since we now have the principal values , and and the corresponding principal directions
and of we can easily compute in the original representation:

( )

[ ][ ] [ ] [ ]

(b) Inverting gives

[ ]

( ) [ ]

[ ]
[ ]