Environmental (impact

and) protection
CPE318 and CPE6141
Lecture 1
DR HENRIET TE STOKBRO JENSEN
H.S.JENSEN@SHEFFIELD.AC.UK
Lecture capture
Please note that this lecture (may) be captured
The recording (should) contain Audio and the feed from the projector
Please note that I will NOT listen to or edit the recording.
Should you wish to talk to me in breaks or after the lecture and you dont want it
recorded, please remind me to switch off the microphone
Please note that some future lectures will not be recorded, where I am showing
commercial videos. This is indicated on the lecture plan.
Announcement from Louise Hall
Careers and Industry Day
Careers and Industry Day 4th October
UG 3 MEng: attend the AM session
UG3 BEng & EEE: attend the PM session (EEE from
14.30)
Check emails you need to sign up for 2 workshops of
your choice
No lectures, attendance mandatory
Environmental protection workflow

Environmental Environmental Environmental Law

Engineering Management systems e.g.
E.g. e.g. Integrated pollution
Designing a measuring Life cycle analysis or prevention control
campaign Environmental impact
analysis
Course content subject to change
Week Topic
1 Introduction
2 Pollution
3 Water *) tutorial for EEE
4 * Time to work on
5 Environmental Law design project for
6 Life Cycle Analysis UG3
7 Air Pollution
8 Guest lecture, Dr Liz Sharp, Department of Urban Studies and Planning.

9 Waste
10 Guest Lecture, Richard Ashley, Emeritus Professor
11 Fracking video (No recording)
12 Q and A
Assessment
CPE318 (10 credit module) CPE6140 (15 credit module)
A group assignment: A group assignment:
Life Cycle Analysis for your design Life cycle analysis of a product
project. (80%) (50%)
An online test (20%) An individual assignment:
Domestic Water Efficiency (30%)
An online quiz (20%)
Assessment CPE318
In your group for the Design project please prepare:
A Cradle To Grave Life Cycle Analysis for your design project.
Deadline:
On MOLE, Wednesday, Week 12 @14.00 via MOLE.
To be submitted by one group member only
In the format of a report, no more than 12 pages (1.5 line spacing and
font 11-12. References in Harvard format.
Worth 80% of the mark in the module.
Assessment CPE318
An online test:
On MOLE, will open on the 13th of December at 14.00 and be
available until Friday the 15th at 17.00.
The test will cover lecture content and any associated reading
material provided.
You will only get one attempt at the quiz, so make sure you use a
computer with good internet connection and are in a location where
you are not disturbed.
Assessment CPE6141
An individual assignment:
Exploring the possibilities for domestic water efficiency
You need to collect data for your own water usage for 10 days
Wednesday week 5: upload your data (you will receive further instructions
later) Your data will be made available to everyone and you are expected
to use your own data as well as at least 3 other peoples for your
assignment.
Wednesday week 7 @14.00 submit your assignment on MOLE.
Your assignment need to be presented as an A4 poster in pdf format with
introduction, figures, methods, results and conclusions
30 % of your mark
Assessment CPE6141
In your group please prepare:
A Cradle To Grave Life Cycle Analysis for a product of your choice.
Deadline:
On MOLE, Wednesday, Week 12 @14.00 via MOLE.
To be submitted by one group member only
In the format of a report, no more than 12 pages (1.5 line spacing and
font 11-12. References in Harvard format.
Worth 80% of the mark in the module.
Course materials
Handouts:
Lecture slides will be made available on MOLE
Any extra reading will be linked to the relevant lecture slide file on
MOLE.
Practical remarks about submission of
coursework
Do NOT hand in course work via email
It is NOT the similarity percentage from Turnitin that determines if there is a
plagiarism problem: it is my evaluation of the Turnitin report.
Submit the whole work, including the reference list.
If large sections in your text is highlighted as copied without being marked as a
citation, this is a problem.
The pass mark for the module is 50%
Marks between 60% and 70% is classed as 2.1
Marks over 70% is classed as 1st class.
Plagiarism
(slides from Exams officer)
The work submitted must be your own original work.
Copying text from books, the Internet, or other students is cheating.
You may include material from others but it must be cited and marked as such.

How to avoid plagiarism?

1. Check the library exercises.
2. Direct quotations must be in quotation marks (or a box).
3. Sources must be referenced directly.
4. It is not good enough to have a bibliography.
Quotations
All direct use of text from other sources must be in quotation marks or a box and the source
given at the same time. For example:
Emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from fossil fuels are contributing to
changes in the Earths climate that are causing widespread harm to lives, communities,
infrastructure, institutions and budgets. (Sustainable Energy for All, 2014)

No more than 50 words in each quotation.

No more than 5% of text in total.

In a 2000 3000 word essay this is between 100 and 150 words
Referencing
Where it is just the idea or data, you must still give the source.
If you use a method, you should state this explicitly. For example:

The plate hydraulic design was carried out following the procedure given in Sinnott pages 565-
587.
Referencing
Images must have the source
It must be given by the image:
the webpage or publication

Figure 1: example building adaptation to climate change (Kentcostalcommunities, 2016)

Wikipedia is not allowed
You may read Wikipedia to help understanding.
It is not acceptable as a reference.
You are expected to quote books and journal articles. Only Internet if
not available printed. But electronic access to books and journals is
OK.
Choosing references
What we are trying to do is determine which kind of information we
can trust from a particular reference.
Some questions we might ask about a reference:
Who have made the reference?
Who is the intended audience of the reference?
Does the reference represent an opinion?
Which arguments does the reference use?
Environmental Protection
What is the Environment?
The planet?
Green stuff around us?
The surroundings of an object?
Where we live?
the biophysical environment?
The importance of the Environment
Environmental Protection
What do we mean by protection and how do we protect
the environment?
Legislation?
Stopping bad things happening?
Life style change?
For me:
It is something about minimising adverse effects of human
activities on the surroundings
Drivers
What drives us to value protection of the environment?
Social pressure
Health effects
Economical benefits
Environmental protection is achieved through:
Legislation
Individual action
Pressure from society
Environmental Protection and Industry
How does the concept of Environmental Protection affect
industry?
Industry is driven by:
Its Sustainability (survival i.e. Profit)
Its customers (shareholders, pressure from the wider society)
Legislation
Industry
How does Industry reduce adverse effects on the environment while
maintaining growth (profit)?
By conducting production operations in a manner that protects
the environment
By manufacturing products using environmentally sustainable
methods
This is not always easy to do
From: How to live a low carbon life. Goodall C. 2007.
Earthscan, London. ISBN: 978-1-84407-426-6
British Airways has improved fuel efficiency by 1-2% per year
since 1999 (a total of 25%)

Good for environment and BAs sustainability

From: How to live a low carbon life. Goodall C. 2007.
Earthscan, London. ISBN: 978-1-84407-426-6
BAs passenger miles are rising at 5% per year (or were until
2008)

Good for BAs sustainability

From: How to live a low carbon life. Goodall C. 2007.
Earthscan, London. ISBN: 978-1-84407-426-6
BAs passenger miles are rising at 5% per year
British Airways has improved fuel efficiency by 1-2% per year
since 1999

Good for BA
But not for the environment
Sustainability

What is sustainability
Sustainability
There is a realisation that the effects of societies demands
are endangering our survival.*
We must therefore move to industrial activities that do not
endanger us i.e. That are sustainable
* either literally (for an industry or society) or in terms of expectations of growth and standard of
living .
Sustainability
oA lot of definitions of sustainability recognise the interdependency of
three components:
Environment
Economy
Society
oThis is known as the Triple bottom line
oMany decisions is made using a balancing of these three elements, which
at best create a win-win-win situation
oOften however there will be a trade-off for example favouring industrial
development over natural habitats
Sustainability

Sustainable development is development that meets

the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Brundtland Report, 1987
Sustainability
Sustainable engineering is the design of human and
industrial systems to ensure that human kinds use of natural
resources and cycles do not lead to diminished quality of life
due to either to losses in future economic opportunities or to
adverse impacts o social conditions, human health and the
environment
Mihelcic et al., 2003
Sustainability
Difficult to define
Difficult to incorporate into design
Difficult to incorporate into operation
Difficult to measure
Circular Economy
Sustainability is dead now it is all about circular Economy
Anonymous Professor
Circular
Economy
Ecosystem services
A term from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA)
This was a large scale assessment of the human impact on the environment.
The primary lasting term to come from this assessment is Ecosystem Services
This describes the services that the environment gives to humans.
This could be clean air
Clean drinking water
Pollination of crops by bees
Summary
Sustainability is difficult to define and measure
Sustainability is absolutely core to environmental protection
There are many concepts that help us think about the environment,
they are all related to sustainability.