According to the WHO, 6 million people die because of tobacco smoking and an estimated

600,000 individuals lose their lives due to second-hand smoke globally each year.[1] A recent
study found that smoking is related to about 20% adult mortality around the world.[2] It is
projected that smoking will cause the death of 8 million people every year by 2030 and 80% of
these deaths will occur in low- and middle-income countries.[3] Smoking is associated with
increased the risk of cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases, stroke, and cancers of many
organs of the body such as mouth, larynx, lungs, kidneys, cervix, and pancreas.[4]
There are significant negative impacts of smoking on health-care system and society[5] causing
huge direct health-care expenditures and indirect costs in the form of the loss of productivity and
income for families.[6] The economic burden of smoking accounts for 15% of health care costs in
developed countries, and 1% of gross domestic product is consumed for direct health care costs
and US$151 billion for indirect expenses every year in the United States.[7] Tobacco
consumption is alarming in Saudi Arabia as it is ranked fourth worldwide in terms of tobacco
sale, and high proportion of males students (32.7%) smoke in the country.[8]

Because of tobacco smoking people in the world die for about 6 million and abou 600.000 passive
smokers die each year, this data is came from WHO. Another source of study say that smoking is related
to about 20% adult mortality around the world

(Nazir and Almas, 2017)

SETELAH CERITA HASIL MEMBACA KE ORANG LAIN:

Banyak kejadian terkait keselamatan pasien, dimana masih tingginya angka pasien jatuh dari bed
ataupun kejadian tertukarnya terapi yang diberikan kepada pasien(Streimelweger et al., 2015). Untuk
mengatasi hal tersebut joint commite tahun 2017 telah mengeluarkan goals yang harus tercapai (Wong,
2017), diantaranya dengan melatih komunikasi antar anggota atau tim tenaga medis, mengubah sistem
rekam medis yang dulunya konvensional menjadi modern yaitu dengan hadirnya HER (Electronic Health
Record) (Salinas et al., 2013). Dengan metode ini terbkti dari sebuah penelitian akan mengurangi atau
menurunkan angka eror pada tenaga atau tim medis di suatu rumahsakit. Selain dengan HER perlu juga
dilakukan pelatihan atau training untuk menguatkan team working di rumah sakit, dimana pada intinya
dari semua metode ini untuk meningkatkan patient outcome(Weller et al., 2014).
REFERENCES

Nazir, M.A., Almas, K., 2017. Awareness about the effects of tobacco consumption on oral health and
the possibility of smoking behavior among male Saudi schoolchildren. Eur. J. Dent. 11, 2935.
doi:10.4103/ejd.ejd_300_16
Salinas, M., Lpez-Garrigs, M., Lillo, R., Gutirrez, M., Lugo, J., Leiva-Salinas, C., 2013. Patient
identification errors: The detective in the laboratory. Clin. Biochem. 46, 17671769.
doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.08.005
Streimelweger, B., Wac, K., Seiringer, W., 2015. Improving Patient Safety through Human-factor-based
Risk Management. Procedia Comput. Sci., Conference on ENTERprise Information
Systems/International Conference on Project MANagement/Conference on Health and Social
Care Information Systems and Technologies, CENTERIS/ProjMAN / HCist 2015 October 7-9, 2015
64, 7986. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.466
Weller, J., Boyd, M., Cumin, D., 2014. Teams, tribes and patient safety: overcoming barriers to effective
teamwork in healthcare. Postgrad. Med. J. 90, 149154. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2012-
131168
Wong, C., 2017. National Patient Safety Goals Effective January 2017. 2017, Hospital National Patient
Safety Goals 1, 117. doi:10.1016/S1042-0991(15)30760-X