KARNATAK LAW SOCIETYS

Vishwanathrao Deshpande Rural Institute of Technology,

Haliyal-581 329

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Course Plan
Semester: IV Year: 2016-17
Basic Geotechnical
Course Title Course Code 15CV45
Engineering
Total Teaching Hours 50 Teaching hours/week 04
Internal Assessment 20 Semester Examination 80
Marks Marks
Course Plan prepared Prof. Ashik Bellary Date : 11-01-2017
by
Checked by Date: 11-01-2017

Faculty of department of who Prof. Ashik Bellary

can deal this subject

Course Content
Teaching Revised
Hours Blooms
Modules Taxonomy
(RBT)
Level
Module-1: Introduction: Introduction, origin and formation of
soil, Phase Diagram, phase relationships, definitions and their
inter relationships. Determination of Index properties-Specific
gravity, water content, in-situ density and particle size analysis 10 Hours L1, L2
(sieve and sedimentation analysis) Atterbergs Limits, consistency
indices, relative density, activity of clay, Plasticity chart, unified
and BIS soil classification.
Module-2 : Soil Structure and Clay Mineralogy: Single
grained, honey combed, flocculent and dispersed structures,
Valence bonds, Soil-Water system, Electrical diffuse double layer,
adsorbed water, base-exchange capacity, Isomorphous
substitution. Common clay minerals in soil and their structures-
Kaolinite, Illite and Montmorillonite and their application in
Engineering. 10 Hours L1, L2
Compaction of Soils: Definition, Principle of compaction,
Standard and Modified proctors compaction tests, factors
affecting compaction, effect of compaction on soil properties,
Field compaction control - compactive effort & method of
compaction, lift thickness and number of passes, Proctors needle,
Compacting equipments and their suitability.
 KARNATAK LAW SOCIETYS
Vishwanathrao Deshpande Rural Institute of Technology,
Haliyal-581 329

Module-3: Flow through Soils: Darcys law- assumption and

validity, coefficient of permeability and its determination
(laboratory and field), factors affecting permeability, permeability
of stratified soils, Seepage velocity, superficial velocity and
coefficient of percolation, Capillary Phenomena
Seepage Analysis: Laplace equation, assumptions, limitations and
its derivation. Flow nets- characteristics and applications. Flow 10 Hours L1, L2, L3
nets for sheet piles and below the dam section. Unconfined flow,
phreatic line (Casagrandes method with and without toe filter),
flow through dams, design of dam filters. Effective Stress
Analysis: Geostatic stresses, Effective stress concept-total stress,
effective stress and Neutral stress and impact of the effective
stress in construction of structures, quick sand phenomena
Module-4: Consolidation of Soil: Definition, Mass-spring
analogy, Terzaghis one dimensional consolidation theory -
assumption and limitations. Derivation of Governing differential
Equation Pre-consolidation pressure and its determination by
Casagrandes method. Over consolidation ratio, normally
consolidated, under consolidated and over consolidated soils. 10 Hours L1, L2, L3,
Consolidation characteristics of soil (Cc, av, mv and Cv. L4
Laboratory one dimensional consolidation test, characteristics of
e-log() curve, Determination of consolidation characteristics of
soilscompression index and coefficient of consolidation (square
root of time fitting method, logarithmic time fitting method).
Primary and secondary consolidation.
Module-5: Shear Strength of Soil: Concept of shear strength,
MohrCoulomb Failure Criterion, Modified MohrCoulomb
Criterion Concept of pore pressure, Total and effective shear
strength parameters, factors affecting shear strength of soils.
10 Hours L2, L3
Thixotrophy and sensitivity, Measurement of shear strength
parameters - Direct shear test, unconfined compression test,
triaxial compression test and field Vane shear test, Test under
different drainage conditions. Total and effective stress paths.
Course outcomes: On the completion of this course students are expected to attain the
following outcomes;
1. Will acquire an understanding of the procedures to determine index properties of any
type of soil, classify the soil based on its index properties
2. Will be able to determine compaction characteristics of soil and apply that knowledge to
assess field compaction procedures
3. Will be able to determine permeability property of soils and acquires conceptual
knowledge about stresses due to seepage and effective stress; Also acquire ability to
estimate seepage losses across hydraulic structure
 KARNATAK LAW SOCIETYS
Vishwanathrao Deshpande Rural Institute of Technology,
Haliyal-581 329

4. Will be able to estimate shear strength parameters of different types of soils using the
data of different shear tests and comprehend Mohr-Coulomb failure theory.
5. Ability to solve practical problems related to estimation of consolidation settlement of
soil deposits also time required for the same.
Program Objectives (as per NBA):
o Engineering Knowledge. o Problem Analysis.
o Design / development of solutions (partly).
o Interpretation of data.
Question paper pattern:
The question paper will have ten questions.
Each full question consists of 16 marks.
There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions) from each module.
Each full question will have sub questions covering all the topics under a module.
The students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each
module.
Text Books:
1. Gopal Ranjan and Rao A.S.R., Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics- (2000), New Age
International (P) Ltd., Newe Delhi.
2. Punmia B C, Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering- (2012) , Laxmi Pulications.
3. Murthy V.N.S., Principles of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering- (1996), 4th
Edition, UBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
4. Braja, M. Das, Geotechnical Engineering; (2002), Fifth Edition, Thomson Business
Information India (P) Ltd., India
Reference Books:
1. T.W. Lambe and R.V. Whitman, Soil Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons, 1969.
2. Donold P Coduto, Geotechnical Engineering- Phi Learning Private Limited, New Delhi
3. Shashi K. Gulathi & Manoj Datta, Geotechnical Engineering-. (2009), Tata Mc Graw
Hill.
4. Narasimha Rao A. V. & Venkatrahmaiah C, Numerical Problems, Examples and
objective questions in Geotechnical Engineering-. (2000), Universities Press., Hyderabad.
5. Muni Budhu ,Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engg.- (2010), 3rd Edition, John Wiely &
Sons

Module wise lesson plan

Course title and code: Basic Geotechnical Engineering (15CV45)
Module-1: Introduction Planned hours: 10

Learning objectives:
To study the soil properties
Lesson Schedule:
Class No. Portion to be covered per lecture (class)
L1 History of soil mechanics, Definition, origin and formation of soil. Phase
 KARNATAK LAW SOCIETYS
Vishwanathrao Deshpande Rural Institute of Technology,
Haliyal-581 329

Diagram, Voids ratio, Porosity, Phase Diagram, Voids ratio, Percentage Air
Voids, Air content, Degree of saturation, Water content, Specific Gravity of soil
solids and soil mass, Percentage Air Voids, Air content, Degree of saturation.
Specific Gravity of soil solids and soil mass, Densities and Unit weights - Bulk,
L2 Dry, Saturated densities, Submerged and their inter relationships, Index
Properties of soil- Water content, Specific Gravity.
Particle size distribution, Relative Density, Consistency limits and indices, in-
L3
situ density, Activity of Clay.
Laboratory methods of determination of index properties of soil: Water content
L4 (Oven Drying method & Rapid Moisture method),Specific gravity of soil solids
(Pycnometer and density bottle method).
Particle size distribution (Sieve analysis and Hydrometer analysis only),
L5 Liquid Limit- (Casagrandes and Cone penetration methods), Plastic limit and
shrinkage limit
Purpose of soil classification, Particle size
L6
classification MIT classification and IS classification
Textural Classification. HRB classification and Plasticity chart and its
L7
importance, Field identification of soils.
Problems on Basic relationships using Specific Volume and Unit Volume
L8
approach.
L9 Problems on Index properties.
L10 Problems on Soil Classification.

Review questions:
With a neat diagram, explain the three phase soil diagram.
Explain the terms water content, density of soil, bulk density, dry density, saturated
density of soil solids.
Differentiate between voids ratio & porosity
Bulk density & dry density
Saturated density & submerged density
Establish the relationship between e, G, w & S.
Establish the relationship between Bulk density, G, e & S.
What are the index properties of a) cohesion less soil b) cohesive soil?
Explain with a neat sketch the Atterberg limits of a soil solid.
Determine the particle size distribution soil sample by sieve analysis.
An undisturbed saturated specimen of clay has a volume of 18.9cm3 and a mass of
30.2g. On oven drying, the mass reduces to 18.0g. The volume of dry specimen as
determined by displacement of mercury is 9.9cm3. Determine shrinkage limit, specific
gravity, shrinkage ratio and volumetric shrinkage.
How the soils are classified as per I.S. classification?
The following data on consistency limits are available for two soils A and B
Soil A Soil B
Plastic limit 16% 19%
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Vishwanathrao Deshpande Rural Institute of Technology,
Haliyal-581 329

Liquid limit 30% 52%

Flow index 11% 6%
Natural water content 32% 40%
Find which soil is a) more plastic, (b) better foundation material on remoulding (c)
better shear strength as a function of water content, (d) better shear strength at plastic
limit.

Course title and code: Basic Geotechnical Engineering (15CV45)

Module-2 : Soil Structure and Clay Mineralogy Planned hours: 10

Learning objectives:
To study the soil properties
Lesson Schedule:
Class No. Portion to be covered per lecture (class)
L1 Single grained, honey combed, flocculent and dispersed structures
L2 Valence bonds, Soil-Water system, Electrical diffuse double layer
L3 Adsorbed water, base-exchange capacity, Isomorphous substitution.
Common clay minerals in soil and their structures- Kaolinite, Illite and
L4
Montmorillonite
L5 Definition, Principle of compaction
L6 Standard and Modified proctors compaction tests
L7 Factors affecting compaction, effect of compaction on soil properties
L8 Field compaction control compactive effort & method
lift thickness and number of passes, Proctors needle,
L9
Compacting equipment.
L10 Problems

Review questions:
What is compaction?
Differentiate between Standard Proctor Test and Modified Proctor Test.
Differentiate between Consolidation and compaction.
What are the factors affecting compaction?
The observations of standard proctor yest are given below
Bulk unit 18.0 19.0 19.9 20.8 21.0 20.5 20.1
weight
( kN/m3)
Water 9 11 13 15 16 17 18
content
(%)
Draw compaction curve & determine OMC & Maximum Dry Density. Also
determine the voids ratio & degree of saturation at OMC, if G=2.6 & =10kN /m3
 KARNATAK LAW SOCIETYS
Vishwanathrao Deshpande Rural Institute of Technology,
Haliyal-581 329

Course title and code: Basic Geotechnical Engineering (15CV45)

Module-3: Flow through Soils: Planned hours: 10

Learning objectives:
To study the soil properties
Lesson Schedule:
Class No. Portion to be covered per lecture (class)
L1 Darcys law- assumption and validity
L2 coefficient of permeability and its determination (laboratory and field)
L3 factors affecting permeability, permeability of stratified soils
L4 Seepage velocity, Superficial velocity and coefficient of percolation
L5 Quick sand Phenomena, Capillary Phenomena.
L6 Problems on permeability.
Laplace equation, assumptions, limitations and its derivation. Flow nets-
L7
characteristics and applications.
Flow nets for sheet piles and below the dam section. Unconfined flow, phreatic
L8 line (Casagrandes method with and without toe filter), flow through dams,
design of dam filters.
Effective Stress Analysis: Geostatic stresses, Effective stress concept-total
L9 stress, effective stress and Neutral stress and impact of the effective stress in
construction of structures.
L10 Problems on effective stress.

Review questions:
What is permeability? How to determine the seepage of water through soils?
State and derive Darcys law flow through soil.
Derive the formula used to determine coefficient of permeability for Falling head test.

Course title and code: Basic Geotechnical Engineering (15CV45)

Module-4: Consolidation of Soil Planned hours: 10
Learning objectives:
Lesson Schedule:
Class No. Portion to be covered per lecture (class)
L1 Definition, Mass-spring analogy
Terzaghis one dimensional consolidation theory-assumption and limitations (no
L2
derivation)
L3 Normally consolidated, under consolidated and over consolidated
Pre-consolidation pressure and its determination by Casagrandes
L4
method
L5 Consolidation characteristics of soil (Cc, av, mv and Cv).
L6 Problems on Consolidation
L7 Laboratory one dimensional consolidation test
 KARNATAK LAW SOCIETYS
Vishwanathrao Deshpande Rural Institute of Technology,
Haliyal-581 329

L8 Determination of consolidation characteristics of soils-compression index

Coefficient of consolidation (square root of time fitting method, logarithmic
L9
time fitting method).
L10 Problems on Square root method and logarithmic time fitting method

Review questions:
Define the following terms
Coefficient of consolidation
Degree of consolidation
Compression index
Primary consolidation & secondary consolidation
In a consolidation test, a soil sample 20mm in thickness took 28 minutes to reach 90%
consolidation under two way drainage conditions. For the same soil in the field what
would be the time taken in days for 50% & 90% consolidation, if the thickness of soil
layer is 4m & if there is
One way drainage ii) Two-way drainage
A saturated cohesive soil fails under an axial stress of 150kN /m2 in unconfined
compression test. The failure plane makes an angle of 52 with horizontal. Calculate
the shear parameters C & .

Course title and code: Basic Geotechnical Engineering (15CV45)

Module-5: Shear Strength of Soil Planned hours: 10
Learning objectives:
Lesson Schedule:
Class No. Portion to be covered per lecture (class)
L1 Concept of shear strength, Mohr-coulomb theory
L2 conventional and modified failure envelops
L3 Effective stress concept total stress, effective stress and Neutral stress
L4 Concept of pore pressure
L5 Total and effective shear strength parameters
L6 Factors affecting shear strength of soils, Sensitivity and Thixotropy of clay.
L7 Problems on Shear strength
Measurement of shear parameters- Direct shear test, unconfined compression
L8
test,
L9 Triaxial compression test
L10 Vane shear test, Test under different drainage conditions.
 KARNATAK LAW SOCIETYS
Vishwanathrao Deshpande Rural Institute of Technology,
Haliyal-581 329

Review questions:
Explain Mohrs Coloumb theory for shear strength of soils?
What are advantages and dis advantages direct shear test