91037

910370
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SUPERVISORS USE ONLY

Level 1 Mathematics and Statistics, 2017

91037 Demonstrate understanding of chance and data

9.30 a.m. Monday 20 November 2017

Credits: Four

Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence

Demonstrate understanding of chance Demonstrate understanding of chance Demonstrate understanding of chance
and data. and data, justifying statements and and data, showing statistical insight.
findings.

Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the
top of this page.

You should attempt ALL the questions in this booklet.

Show ALL working.

If you need more space for any answer, use the page(s) provided at the back of this booklet and clearly
number the question.

Check that this booklet has pages 216 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank.

YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION.

TOTAL

ASSESSORS USE ONLY

New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2017. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.
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TRANSPORTATION ASSESSORS
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http://www.trademe.co.nz/motors/news-reviews/20161005-local-corolla-offers-extra-value/

QUESTION ONE

(a) Ngaire wants to buy a car. She took a sample of cars and drew a graph of the age of the cars
(in years) and the distance they had travelled (in kilometres).

Distance travelled vs car age

100 000

90 000

80 000
Distance travelled (km)

70 000

60 000

50 000

40 000

30 000

20 000

10 000

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Age (years)

State the relationship that exists between the age of cars and the distance they have travelled
AND find the average change in distance travelled by a car each year as the age increases.
Justify your answer.

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(b) Ngaire produced another graph which compared a cars original price ($) with its percentage ASSESSORS
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decrease in value per year (depreciation).

Percentage decrease in value vs original price

60
Percentage decrease in value (per year)

50

40

30

20

10

0
5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000
Original price ($)

(i) Describe any features visible in the graph of the original price and percentage decrease
in value per year.

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(ii) In terms of percentage decrease in value, is it better to buy a cheaper or more expensive ASSESSORS
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car?
Justify your answer.

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(c) In 2016, the Ministry of Transport released a report. ASSESSORS

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It looked at a sample of 298 drivers charged by police with reckless driving, and displayed it
as shown below:

Vehicle drivers charged with reckless driving

Number of drivers charged with reckless driving

40
Female
35 35
32 Male
30

25

20 19
17
15 15 15
14
13 13 13
12 12
10
8 8
7 7 7
6 6 6 6
5 5 5 5
4 4
2 2
0
9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 +
1 2 2 3 3 4 54 05 55 06 56 07 57 80
15 20 25 30 35 40 4 5 5 6 6 7 7
Driver age group (years)

(i) What was the probability that a randomly selected driver from the sample of drivers
charged with reckless driving in 2016, was a male aged 2024?

(ii) What was the probability that a randomly selected driver from the sample of female
drivers charged with reckless driving in 2016, was in the 1524 age group?

(iii) Based on the 2016 sample, how many times more likely was it that, chosen at random, a
vehicle driver who was charged with reckless driving, would be a male than a female?

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QUESTION TWO ASSESSORS

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(a) The popularity of colours for different types of vehicles is shown below. The numbers shown
are a percentage.

Type of vehicle
Black
Blue
SUV / Truck / Van 13 10 4 6 11 16 26 1 13
Green
Light brown
Sport / Compact 15 13 2 6 2 15 18 10 4 15 Others
Red
Silver
Luxury 22 7 32 7 16 25 6 12 White / White pearl
Yellow / Gold
Yellow / Orange
Full / Intermediate / Sedan 10 13 4 10 10 25 12 4 12
Grey
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

(i) What is the most popular colour in luxury vehicles?

Justify your answer.

(ii) What other ways could you display this data?

State the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

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ASSESSORS
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(b) The display below compares the carbon dioxide emissions (in g/km) of a sample of 100 cars ASSESSORS
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made in 1984 compared to the carbon dioxide emissions of a sample of cars made in 2016.

Carbon dioxide emissions and year built

min: 135.47
lq: 226.80
1984 med: 264.49
mean: 279.46
uq: 308.58
max: 694.30
sd: 90.43
num: 100

min: 0
lq: 197.81
2016 med: 255
mean: 247.65
uq: 283.75
max: 410
sd: 58.57
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 num: 100
CO2 g / km

(i) What is the difference between the median amounts of carbon dioxide emissions in
g/km of cars built in 1984 and those built in 2016?

(ii) Which year of build has the greatest variation in carbon dioxide emissions?
Justify your answer.

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(iii) Comment on the distribution of carbon dioxide emissions for both 1984-built and ASSESSORS
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2016-built cars.
Note any similarities and differences as well as any unusual features.

(iv) Car manufacturers claim that cars produced in 2016 tend to produce less carbon
dioxide than cars made in 1984.

Use statistical reasoning, based on this sample of cars, to comment on the car
manufacturers claim.
Justify your answer clearly.

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QUESTION THREE ASSESSORS

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(a) The New Zealand police record the details of all vehicles stolen.
The top 15 vehicle models stolen in a 6-month period in 2015 are shown below.

Top 15 stolen vehicle models in a 6-month period in 2015

Ford Courier
Ford Falcon
Holden Commodore
Vehicle make and model

Honda Accord
Mazda 323 / Familia
Mitsubishi Lancer
Nissan Primera
Nissan Safari
Nissan Skyline
Nissan Terrano
Subaru Impreza
Subaru Legacy
Toyota Corolla
Toyota Hiace
Toyota Hilux
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Number of vehicles stolen

(i) How many Nissan Primeras were stolen in this 6-month period?

(ii) Nissan was the most stolen make of vehicle in the 6-month period in 2015.

State whether you think this sentence is true, giving statistical reasons for your answer.

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(iii) AA Insurance released its top 10 stolen vehicle models from 1 May 2013 to 30 April ASSESSORS
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2014:
1. Honda Torneo
2. Subaru Impreza
3. Mazda Premacy
4. Mazda Familia
5. Subaru Forester
6. Mazda Atenza
7. Subaru Legacy
8. Mazda MPV
9. Nissan Sunny
10. Nissan Cefiro

This list is quite different from the police data.

Give statistical reasons for these differences.

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(b) The New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) counts the number of vehicles using major ASSESSORS
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roads. It then compares the results from the same period in the previous year. The information
below shows the travel growth of All Vehicles and the travel growth of Heavy Vehicles only.

Travel growth of vehicles on New Zealand roads
8%

6%

4%

2%
Travel growth

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%
Jan 2008 Jan 2009 Jan 2010 Jan 2011 Jan 2012 Jan 2013 Jan 2014 Jan 2015 Jan 2016
Month and year
All vehicles Heavy vehicles

(i) In what year did travel growth reach its lowest point for Heavy Vehicles?
Justify your answer.

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(ii) Based on the results shown, what could possibly happen to the travel growth in 2017 ASSESSORS
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and 2018 for All Vehicles?

State at least two possibilities, giving statistical reasons for your answers.

(iii) When analysing the results, the NZTA takes the mean of the previous 3 months data
and plots that result on the graph (e.g. the January 2016 result that is plotted comes from
the mean of the November 2015, December 2015, and January 2016 results).

Give statistical reasons why you think the NZTA does this.

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Extra paper if required. ASSESSORS

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QUESTION Write the question number(s) if applicable.
NUMBER

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Extra paper if required. ASSESSORS

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QUESTION Write the question number(s) if applicable.
NUMBER

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Extra paper if required. ASSESSORS

USE ONLY
QUESTION Write the question number(s) if applicable.
NUMBER
91037

Mathematics and Statistics 91037, 2017