Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nhm H
H thng cp thot n|c Quy phm qun l k thut
Water supply and drainage systems Rules for technical management
1. Quy nh chung
1.1. Tiu chun ny p dng qun l k thut h thng cp thot n|c th. Ngoi
tiu chun ny cn phi tun theo cc tiu chun hin hnh c lin quan.
1.2. Nhim v ca cng tc qun l k thut h thng cp thot n|c th l thc hin
cc bin php phng nga, m bo vn hnh khai thc cc cng trnh cp thot
n|c mt cch lin tc theo cc ch tiu kinh t - k thut quy nh.
1.3. Cn b v cng nhn vn hnh h thng cp thot n|c cn phi nm vng quy
trnh cng ngh v tnh nng hot ng ca cc cng trnh v nguyn tc an ton
lao ng khi qun l h thng cp thot n|c.
1.4. Cc c quan trc tip qun l h thng cp thot n|c cn phi nghin cu ch
lm vic ca ton b h thng, phn tch |u nh|c im ca cng trnh, c tnh
k thut khi hot ng ca cc cng trnh v so snh vi thit k. Kt qu nghin
cu xem xt phi bo co ln cp trn.
Cc yu cu i vi cc cng trnh v thit b trn
h thng cp thot n|c
1.5. Cc ngi nh v cng trnh ca h thng cp thot n|c (trm bm, cc cng trnh
x n|c, b cha n|c, i n|c) phi |c theo di k trong nm qun l u
tin pht hin cc ch nt, st ln, cc im bin dng
Hng thng phi kim tra ln ca cng trnh theo cc mc chun c nh v
tm thi.
1.6. T nm qun l th hai vic kim tra phi thc hin theo k hoch cn c vo iu
kin a ph|ng v trng thi cng trnh.
Cc gian my phi c s theo di trng thi kt cu ngi nh v cng trnh. c
bit phi ch theo di ln v rn nt ca h mng cc thit b chnh (bm,
ng c in).
Cn phi th|ng xuyn theo di trng thi cc gi ca |ng ng. Khi c hin
t|ng st ln ca ngi nh, ging v cng trnh cn phi ch n trng thi mi
ni mm ca |ng ng qua t|ng.
1.7. Trong cc cng trnh cp thot n|c cn m bo ch nhit m ti |u. Cn
phi c h thng gi trong trm bm, nh chun b phn v ho cht, dn m|a,
v.v v cc cng trnh c bit khc.
T chc cc trm iu
Nhim v ca trm iu l:
a) Lp tin sn xut;
b) Ch o tp trung v qun l thng nht mi mt hot ng ca cc tuyn ng
v cc cc cng trnh trn h thng cp thot n|c;
c) m bo ch lm vic bnh th|ng ca ton b h thng cp thot n|c;
d) Kim tra vic thc hin cc quy trnh k thut v an ton lao ng khi qun l,
khai thc.
1.9. Da vo s cp thot n|c v cng trnh cng ngh nn s dng mt trong hai
loi trm iu sau y:
iu mt cp: qun l thng nht hot ng ca ton b cc cng trnh v
mng l|i thuc h thng cp thot n|c khi tng chiu di mng l|i |ng ng
d|i 50km.
iu hai cp: dng khi h thng cp thot n|c tng chiu di |ng ng trn
50km tr ln bao gm trm iu trung tm (trm iu cp I) v cc trm
iu ti ch (trm iu cp II). Trm iu ti ch qun l trc tip cc
tuyn ng hoc cng trnh ring bit.
1.10. Nhn vin trm iu c nhim v sau:
m bo s lm vic lin tc v n nh ca cc tuyn ng v cng trnh;
Lp s lm vic ca cc thit b, cng trnh v ch x n|c;
Phn tch cc s c hng hc, v tham gia xut cc bin php nng cao hiu
qu hot ng ca h thng v cng trnh cp thot n|c;
Lp cc bo co k thut v s hot ng ca cc thit b;
Nhn vin iu c quyn thay i s lm vic ca cc thit b v cng
trnh khi iu kin hot ng ca chng thay i sau khi |c cp trn ph
duyt.
Cng tc qun l h thng cp thot n|c khi c s c
1.11. khc phc s c v sa cha cc thit b h| hng trn h thng cp thot n|c
cn phi lp cc i chuyn sa cha trc thuc trm iu . i vi trm bm
hoc trm x l nh, i xa cha c th l cc nhn vin vn hnh ny.
1.12. K hoch sa cha hng nm v sa cha ln cc cng trnh ca h thng cp
thot n|c do c s sn xut phi hp vi i chuyn xa cha lp v phi |c
c quan qun l h thng cp thot n|c cp trn duyt.
1.13. Tt c cc my mc v thit b dng xa cha h thng cp thot n|c phi
|c bo qun tt v trng thi sn sng s dng |c.
Qun l cc vng bo v v sinh ngun n|c v cng trnh cp n|c
1.14. Cc bin php k thut bo v ngun cp n|c v cng trnh cp n|c phi
|c la chn theo cc iu kin a ph|ng, c im v tnh trng v sinh
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ngun n|c, cc iu kin a cht thu vn, a cht cng trnh, cc iu kin
qun l, cht l|ng ngun n|c c cc ph|ng php x l n|c.
1.15. i vi khu vc mt (khu vc bo v nghim ngt) ca vng bo v v sinh ngun
n|c mt cn phi thc hin cc bin php sau y:
a) Ro ngn ranh gii khu vc, cm ng|i l mt v gia sc i li;
b) Cm xy dng cc cng trnh khng cn thit cho qun l v vn hnh n|c
trong khu vc trm;
c) Khng |c s dng cc loi phn bn v cc loi ho cht c hi trong khu
vc ny;
d) Khng |c x vo trong khu vc bt k n|c thi no;
e) Khng |c tm git, nh c, cc loi th dc th thao ngun n|c mt
khu vc mt. Cc loi tu thuyn qua li phi |c php ca c quan y t.
1.16. i vi khu vc hai (Khu vc hn ch) ca vng bo v v sinh ngun n|c mt
cn phi thc hin cc bin php sau y:
a) Ngn nga kh nng nhim bn trc tip vo ngun n|c bi cc loi n|c
thi, ph thi, n|c bn do tu b qua li v cc hot ng khc;
b) Ngn nga kh nng lm gim cht l|ng ngun n|c mt do bn phn, xy
dng cng trnh, nh my, p n|c, ph rng, v.v
1.17. Khi s dng ngun n|c ngm cp, vung bo v v sinh cng phi chia lm hai
khu vc: Khu vc mt l khu vc c cng trnh thu hoc ging khoan (c tnh n
s pht trin t|ng lai); cn khu vc hai l khu vc bao gm trm bm, trm s l
v b cha.
Cc bin php bo v cho hai khu vc ny xc nh theo nguyn tc nh| i vi
ngun n|c mt iu 1.15 v 1.16.
Ch thch: Trong mi tr|ng hp cn phi c bin php ngn nga s nhim bn do
ngun n|c ngm qua.
2. Qun l cc cng trnh thu n|c
Cng trnh thu n|c mt
2.1. m bo cho cng trnh thu n|c mt hot ng bnh th|ng cn phi th|ng
xuyn theo di quan st din bin ngun n|c: mc n|c, s chuyn ng ph sa,
s bi l v y sng, cht l|ng n|c Kt qu phn tch n|c v din bin
ngun n|c phi |c ghi vo s trc
Khi pht hin thy ch thu vn cng nh| cht l|ng ngun n|c thay i cp
phi nhanh chng tm ra nguyn nhn v bin php khc phc.
2.2. Cn phi th|ng xuyn kim tra s hot ng ca cng trnh thu: o chiu su y
sng ti hng thu n|c, mc lng cn trong ng t chy hay ng xi phng, kt
cu ging thu v cc thit b trong ging.
2.3. Cc bin php k thut ch yu qun l cng trnh thu n|c l:
Thau ra cc l|i chn rc khi b rong ru v cc vt ni khc lm tc;
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2.4. m bo cho cng trnh thu n|c ngm hot ng bnh th|ng cn phi c
cc ti liu sau:
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Sa cha nh Sa cha ln
- Kim tra tnh trng ging bm ht n|c th - Dng v tho lp khoan khi sa cha ging
- Thay th cc chi tit ca bm bi mn, sa li - Quan st tnh trng k thut ca ging, ng
cm vng trc bm vch, b lc v thay th mi
- Thay du b i trong bnh du - Thau ra ging, gia c nn mng ging
- Trang b b phn bo cc mc n|c ng v chng st l, kch h bm v cc b phn ca
tnh chng
- Tho v lp b phn dng n|c ln. Tho v - Thi ra v phc hi cng sut ging
lp bm.
- Xc nh c tnh v mc tch ng hoc
tc b phn thu n|c ca ging.
- Lm sch b phn thu n|c ca ging khi - Thay th thit b |a n|c ln nm d|i su
b tc v lng ng bn. trong ging.
- Th ng ht xung su thm st trng ging - Bt kn (trm) ging khng |c php s
bng Clo dng. Sau khi sa cha st trng ging bng
Clo.
3. Qun l mng l|i cp n|c v cc cng trnh trn mng l|i cp n|c.
Yu cu chung
3.1. Cc |ng ng cp n|c tr|c khi |a vo s dng phi |c th thu lc thau
ra theo ng cc yu cu ca tiu chun H thng cp thot n|c bn ngoi.
Quy phm thi cng nghim thu, v phi cc iu kin phc v cho cng tc
qun l nh| h ga, van cc im x v.v
Khi bt u cp n|c, phi dng p k theo di p lc u v cui on ng
kim tra iu kin lm vic, ng thi xc lp mt ch cng tc hp l cho khu
vc m on ny cung cp.
C quan qun l phi phi hp vi c quan thi cng v thit k tin hnh nghim
thu v |a vo s dng. Bin bn bn giao cng nh| h s thit k phi do c
quan qun l l|u gi.
3.2. Khi ni |ng ng mi vo |ng ng c sn phi tun theo cc yu cu sau:
a) Bo m cng v bn ca mi ni;
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3.17. B phn tnh ton n|c phi ph trch c cng tc kim tra vic s dng n|c
ni tiu th.
Tr|ng hp pht hin ra nhng sai st trong vic s dng, nhn vin kim tra phi
yu cu nh ch v sa cha theo ng cc yu cu ghi trong hp ng.
4. Cc cng trnh x l n|c thin nhin
Yu cu chung
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Bng 6
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4.6. Khi vn hnh khai thc n|c cn c cc s ghi chp nh| sau:
Nht k cng tc chung ca trm, hng ngy ghi l|ng n|c x l, n|c dng
cho bn thn trm, s l|ng tiu th v liu l|ng ho cht, chi ph in nng,
s my mc, cng trnh hot ng, sa cha hoc ty ra v cc s liu khc
c lin quan n hot ng ca trm;
Nht k phn tch ghi kt qun kim nghim n|c, c tnh cc loi ho cht
v.v;
Nht k kho ghi l|ng xut nhp nguyn vt liu, thit b my mc v cng
trnh;
S theo di qu trnh bo d|ng, sa cha th|ng k v sa cha ln tng my
mc thit b.
4.7. Mi trm x l n|c phi t cc dng c o l|ng kim tra hot ng ca
cng trnh v t ng nh l|ng ho cht v kim tra cc ch tiu sau:
L|u l|ng cp n|c vo trm, l|ng n|c x l, l|u l|ng n|c ca tng
cng trnh, l|ng n|c ra lc, l|ng n|c dng cho bn thn trm v l|ng
n|c cp vo mng l|i;
Mc n|c trong cc cng trnh v b cha;
Tn tht p lc trn cc cng trnh v tng on ng;
L|ng ho cht s dng;
Cht l|ng n|c.
C th do tn tht p lc trong cc b lc bng ng o p hay p k vi phn; o
mc n|c bng phao hoc cng bng p k vi phn.
4.8. Khi kim tra phi bo m s hot ng bnh th|ng ca cc qu trnh cng ngh
v thng bo kp thi v s thay i cht l|ng n|c ngun v cht l|ng n|c s
l.
Phn cng trch nhim kim tra nh| sau:
Kim tra l ho v vi trng do phng th nghim m nhn;
Kim tra k thut do tr|ng phng k thut v trm tr|ng m nhn.
Thit b ho cht
4.9. Loi v liu l|ng ha cht s dng do c quan thit k quy nh. Trong qu trnh
qun l, cn thit c th thay i loi ho cht nh|ng phi |c th tr|ng c
quan qun l cp n|c k duyt.
Vic xc nh thi k dng cc loi ho cht khc nhau trnh t v v tr cho ho
cht do phng k thut v phng th nghim chu trch nhim tin hnh. Liu
l|ng phi da vo c s th nghim v iu chnh hp l trong qu trnh sn xut.
4.10. Phi c bin php v k hoch bo qun tt cc ho cht d tr.
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4.14. Ho cht pha thnh dung dch phi |c trn tht u vi n|c cn x l v liu
l|ng ho cht phn ng phi |c xc nh trn kt qu th nghim hoc kinh
nghim qun l ca trm hoc cc trm khc c iu kin lm vic t|ng t v
phi tun theo tiu chun Cp n|c th. Tiu chun thit k hin hnh.
4.15. Ha cht |c dn vo n|c x l cc giai on sau:
Khi clo ho s b th cho vo |ng ng ht ca my bm t 1 hay ng dn
n trm x l;
Phn cho vo b trn hoc ngn u b trn;
Vi kim ho cho vo cng vi phn b trn;
Clo kh trng cho vo on ng t b lc n b cha n|c sch hoc vo ng
ht my bm.
4.16. Qu trnh kt ta hyroxyt nhm hoc hyroxyt st |c tin hnh trong b phn
ng. Ni dung qun l b phn ng bao gm:
Theo di s lm vic ca b: tc chuyn ng ca n|c, qu trnh phn
ng, hiu qu to bng cn v.v;
Kim tra khng bng cn trong b;
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4.26. Khi sa cha b cho thm ct hoc thay ct lc cn phi kim tra li ton b
cc b phn v ph tng thit b ca b. Cc h| hng cn phi sa cha ngay v
phi dng vi phun ra sch b.
Sau mi ln sa cha b phi kh trng bng clo vi nng 20 n 50mg/l
ngm trong 24 gi. Sau ra bng n|c sch cho n khi n|c ra ch cn
0,3mg/l clo d|.
Cng trnh kh st
4.27. Kh st trong n|c ngm |c tin hnh theo cc ph|ng php do thit k quy
nh v phi tun theo tiu chun Cp n|c th. Tiu chun thit k hin
hnh.
4.28. Qun l cc b lng, b lc v.v trong h thng kh st cng nh| cc quy nh
nu mc trn. Qun l trm nn kh v my qut gi phi tun theo cc quy
nh ca thit k v nh my ch to.
i vi gin kh st bng lm thong t nhin phi bo m thng bng ca
mng rng c|a hoc dn ng khoan l phn phi u n|c. Mi tun t nht
mt ln phi kim tra, c ra sch rong ru, cn st trn mng g, thng l phun,
dng vi phun vi p lc n|c t 10 N/m2 tr ln c ra sn tung hoc cc
tng thanh x.
Cng trnh kh trng
4.29. N|c cp cho sinh hot phi |c kh trng tr|c khi bm vo mng l|i phn
phi. Bin php kh trng do c quan thit k quy nh v phi tun theo tiu
chun Cp n|c th. Tiu chun thit k hin hnh
4.30. Cc thit b pha ch clo phi t ni thong mt cui h|ng gi ch o, trnh
gy nguy him cho nhn vin qun l v cc thit b v cc cng trnh ln cn.
Qun l cc thit b pha ch clo, nht l clorat phi theo ng ch dn ca nh
my ch to v cc quy nh khc v an ton lao ng..
5. Qun l h thng thot n|c
Yu cu chung
5.1. Qun l k thut h thng thot n|c phi bo m thu nhn lin tc n|c phi t
cc im thi n|c v dn chng v trm lm sch hoc thi ra sng h.
N|c thi sn xut ch |c thu nhn vo h thng thot n|c thnh ph khi
m bo cc yu cu quy nh trong tiu chun Thot n|c th. Tiu chun
thit k hin hnh.
Cc loi n|c thi c cha vi trng gy bnh v cc cht ng v phng x phi
|c kh trng v lm sch bo m yu cu v bo v mi tr|ng.
C th cho php x vo mng l|i thot n|c thnh ph n|c thi cng nghip v
khi ho trn vi n|c thi sinh hot, nng cc cht c hi khng ph hu qu
trnh x l sinh hc v cc quy nh v an ton lao ng v v sinh cng nghip.
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Khng |c x trc tip cc loi cc loi n|c thi sn xut c l|u l|ng v nng
cht bn dao ng vo mng l|i thot n|c thnh ph.
N|c thi sn xut khng p ng cc yu cu trn phi |c x l s b tr|c
khi x vo mng l|i thot n|c thnh ph.
5.2. Khng |c vo mng l|i thot n|c thnh ph cc loi rc c kch th|c ln
hn 10mm, cc loi gch, ngi, vi va trong qu trnh xy dng, cc tro x,
vi, si v.v v khng |c chn ng bt c, trng rau v.vlm hn ch dng
chy trn cc knh m|ng thot n|c.
5.3. Mng l|i thot n|c th do cc x nghip thot n|c hoc c quan qun l
cng trnh th trc tip qun l.
Mng l|i thot n|c ca nh my, x nghip c th do phn x|ng c in qun
l.
S l|ng cng nhn trc tip qun l v sa cha mng l|i thot n|c tu theo
c ch t chc v tnh hnh thc t quy nh.
5.4. Ni dung cc cng tc qun l k thut mng l|i thot n|c bao gm:
Theo di s lm vic v trng thi mng l|i, ty ra mng l|i;
Khc phc tc cng bt ng;
Sa cha th|ng k v sa cha ln;
Khc phc s c;
Kim tra vic xy dng v nghim thu h thng thot n|c mi v cc cng
trnh;
Xem xt v duyt n thot n|c ca cc ngi nh, khu nh v cc cng
trnh;
Tin hnh cc bin php bo m thot n|c v ma m|a;
Lp cc h s v bo co k thut;
Nghin cu lp k hoch ci to v pht trin h thng thot n|c thnh ph.
Mng l|i thot n|c
5.5. Cng tc qun l k thut mng l|i thot n|c bao gm:
a) Kim tra hin trng mng l|i theo tuyn cng nhm pht hin s st ln,
cc du hiu h| hng ging, cng, s tc cng trn n|c b mt vo ging
cng, vic x n|c thi khng ng quy nh;
b) M np ging thm v xem xt trng thi bn trong ging nh|: mc n|c,
s tc ging do gch rc r|i v.v V ma kh mi thng mt ln phi
xem xt hin trng mng l|i thot n|c.
V ma m|a phi th|ng xuyn kim tra cng tc ny.
Khi xem xt bn ngoi hin trng l|i thot n|c, cng nhn khng |c php
xung ging.
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5.6. Khi kim tra mng l|i thot n|c nu pht hin ra nhng hng hc trong |ng
ng, trong ging v nhng s c khc th phi c bin php khc phc kp thi.
Mi qu mt ln phi tin hnh kim tra mng l|i thot n|c. Cng tc ny phi
|c thc hin tr|c ma m|a bo. i kim tra k thut mng l|i thot n|c
phi |c trang b cc dng c cn thit nh|: xng, x beng, du chn |ng, n
pin, tht l|ng bo him, thuc cp cu v.v
i vi tuyn cng chnh hai nm mt ln phi tin hnh kim tra bn trong bng
cch chui vo cng nm |c trng thi k thut v iu kin thu ng lc
trong qu trnh lm vic ca h.
5.7. Phi th|ng xuyn thng ra mng l|i thot n|c nh| no vt cn lng, rc r|i,
gch v.v m bo cho mng l|i lm vic bnh th|ng. Vic thng ra
cc tuyn cng thot n|c phi da theo tnh hnh c th, kinh nghim qun l m
nh k hn thng ra.
K hoch thng ra mng l|i thot n|c hng nm phi |c lp theo tng l|u
vc. Tun t thng ra phi t th|ng l|u n h l|u.
5.8. Cc |ng ng t chy |ng knh 700mm nn thng tc bng qu cu hoc a
cao su. |ng knh ca qu cu phi nh hn |ng knh ca ng t 50 n
100mm l|u l|ng n|c thi trong |ng ng phi sao cho mc n|c ln hn
0,5 |ng knh ng. Nu l|u l|ng n|c khng th cp thm n|c t bn
ngoi vo. Nu trong ng nn cn qu cht hoc qu nhiu gch th c th
dng cc dng c chuyn dng nh| cun dy thp gai, gu mc, xi cn hoc
ko bt gch i.
5.9. i vi cc ng c |ng knh ln 700mm c th dng cc bin php sau: gu
mc, qu cu st, co ko. Tr|ng hp c bit i vi cc cng ln cho php
cng nhn chui vo cng dn nh|ng vi iu kin phi |c trang b bo h
lao ng y .
i vi cc tuyn ng c |ng knh nh, cn nn cht nn s dng cc xe
chuyn dng c bm p lc ln thao tc.
5.10. Cc ph|ng php thng tc mng l|i thot n|c |c chn theo bng 8. Cc
thit b chuyn dng |c s dng theo h|ng dn ca nh my ch to.
Bng 8
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Ch thch: Thng th|ng s dng xe t chuyn dng i vi cc loi cng |ng knh
d|i 700mm, mc cn bng 1/3 |ng knh hoc vi cc loi ln mc cn nh.
5.11. Cc sng m|ng v h n|c |c s dng thot n|c trong h thng thot
n|c chung hoc h thng thot n|c m|a.
Vic s dng sng, m|ng v h thot n|c vo cc mc ch khc nh| nui c,
t|i rung, th thao phi |c s ng ca c quan qun l thot n|c v c
quan y t.
5.12. Mc n|c trong cc sng m|ng v h khng |c ln hn mc n|c cao nht
ca cng x n|c thi vo sng h. Phi c mia o mc n|c trong sng h v
cgn x. Lun lun kim tra tnh trng ming cng x. Nu b sng h ti ming
cng x b xi l th phi c bin php k li , gch hoc xy h tiu nng.
5.13. Khng |c chn ng, p p nui c hoc lm bt c vic g hn ch n
dng chy trn sng m|ng v h thot n|c. Phi lm sch t hoc ch|ng
ngi vt trn sng m|ng sau khi xy dng cc cu cng qua sng.
Vic nui bo trng c tng c|ng qu trnh t lm sch n|c ca sng h
phi nghin cu k. Phi thu hoch khi bo kp thi chng nhim bn sng h
v chng gy lng ng cn tr dng chy.
5.14. V ma kh mi thng mt ln phi kim tra tnh trng thot n|c trn sng.
Tr|c ma m|a phi lm sch cc vt cn dng chy trn sng v bo m cho
mc n|c m|a phi th|ng xuyn kim tra tnh trng thot n|c ca cc sng,
m|ng v h sau mi trn m|a.
C quan qun l thot n|c phi c y cc s liu v ch thu vn c tnh
ho sinh vt v kh nng t lm sch ca sng, m|ng v h thot n|c qua cc
ma.
Cc nguyn tc c bn v an ton lao ng
khi qun l mng l|i thot n|c
19
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
5.15. |ng knh hoc chiu rng phn cng tc ca cc loi ging trn mng l|i
thot n|c khng |c nh hn 1,0m. Cc mc thang ln xung phi bng thp
c |ng knh t 200mm tr ln v xy trc vo thnh ging.
Np ging phi chc v c l hoc mc st cu m d dng.
5.16. Cc i cng tc thc hin cc nhim v qun l v sa cha mng l|i thot
n|c phi c s l|ng t 3 ng|i tr ln, khng ph thuc vo khi l|ng cng
vic. i phi |c trang b hp thuc cp cu v cc dng c thit b bo h lao
ng cn thit v cc du chn |ng theo quy nh. Cn b qun l phi th|ng
xuyn kim tra v b sung cc dng c thit b ny.
5.17. Np ging phi |c m bng x beng hoc np gi di ng. Khng |c m np
ging bng nng tay.
Khi xung ging kim tra v sa cha mng l|i thot n|c, i cng tc phi
gm 3 ng|i tr ln. Mt ng|i xung ging, mt ng|i h tr trn mt t v
mt ng|i cn thit thay th cho ng|i d|i ging.
Tr|c khi xung ging phi kim tra trong c kh c hay khng. Ch |c
php xung ging khi kh c thot ht hoc c thit b phng chng kh c.
Ng|i c cc vt sy st khng |c tip xc vi bn hoc n|c thi.
Khng |c ng d|i thit b nng khi ang ko vt nng.
6. Cc cng trnh lm sch n|c thi
iu kin lm vic ca cc cng trnh lm sch n|c thi
6.1. cc cng trnh lm sch n|c thi lm vic bnh th|ng phi m bo ng
ch bo d|ng v theo di th|ng xuyn quy trnh cng ngh cc cng trnh.
Cht l|ng n|c thi sau qu trnh lm sch phi bo m theo cc tiu chun
hin hnh. Cng nhn trc tip vn hnh cc cng trnh phi c trnh chuyn
mn v tinh thn trch nhim cao.
6.2. Cc nguyn nhn chnh ph hoi s lm vic bnh th|ng ca cc trm lm sch
n|c thi l;
Cc cng trnh lm vic qu ti;
Cc loi tp cht c hc ln (ct, rc) tri vo h thng thot n|c;
Mt in;
M|a to;
Khng m bo ch sa cha (sa cha th|ng k v sa cha ln) ng thi
hn;
Cng nhn qun l khng thc hin ng nguyn tc qun l k thut cng trnh v
an ton lao ng.
6.3. Hn hp n|c thi sinh hot v n|c thi sn xut khi cng lm sch sinh hc
phi tun theo tiu chun Thot n|c th. Tiu chun thit k.
Nng cc cht c hi khng |c v|t qua cc gi tr |c quy nh trong
tiu chun Thot n|c th. Tiu chun thit k.
20
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
Hn hp n|c thi sinh hot v n|c thi sn xut sau khi lm sch x vo sng
h khng |c lm cho nng cc cht c hi trong n|c sng h v|t qu
gii hn cho php.
Nu hn hp n|c thi sinh hot v n|c thi sn xut khng p ng cc yu
cu trn th phi lm sch s b n|c thi sn xut ngay trong nh my tr|c khi
x vo h thng thot n|c thnh ph.
6.4. trm lm sch n|c thi hot ng lin tc v bnh th|ng cn xc lp v duy
tr ch lm vic ti |u cho tng cng trnh ng thi kim tra k thut cht ch
tng quy trnh cng ngh ca trm.
Phi vn hnh cc my mc thit b trong trm lm sch n|c thi theo h|ng
dn ca cc nh my ch to.
to h sinh vt trong bn hot tnh hoc mng sinh vt nn |a cc cng trnh
hot ng v ma h khi nhit n|c thi khng d|i 200C.
6.5. Phi lp h s cng ngh cho ton b trm v cho tng cng trnh lm sch n|c
thi. Trong h s ghi r cc s liu k thut, cng sut thit k v cng xut thc
t vn hnh ca tng cng trnh.
Trn c s h s cng ngh ny, cn xc lp ti trng gii hn v ch qun l
ca cc cng trnh.
6.6. ngn nga hin t|ng qu ti ph hu ch lm vic bnh th|ng ca cc
cng trnh cn phi th|ng xuyn kim tra l|u l|ng v thnh phn, tnh cht
n|c thi |a vo cng trnh.
Khi cc cng trnh lm sch n|c thi lm vic qu ti do l|u l|ng hoc nng
cht bn ln cn phi bo co vi c quan qun l cp trn v c quan y t ch
bin php khc phc.
S l|ng cng trnh ngng lm vic sa cha |c xc nh da vo ch
v|t ti cho php ca cc cng trnh cn li.
6.7. Tt c cc cng trnh, trang b thit b ca trm lm sch n|c thi phi |c gi
gn sch s.
Phi bo m cc iu kin v sinh cn thit cho cn b cng nhn qun l trm.
6.8. Cn t chc o l|u l|ng n|c thi chy v trm lm sch theo cc gi trong
ngy v theo tng ngy.
Cc thit b o l|u l|ng bao gm:
a) ng h o n|c, thit b o l|u l|ng kiu mang dng cho cc loi n|c
thi t bn.
21
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
b) Cc loi p trn, mng o l|u l|ng gn th|c o hoc thit b t ghi lin
tc p lc trn mt p hay mc n|c trong mng.
Cn kim tra th|ng xuyn chnh xc ca thit b o bng cc ph|ng
php khc nhau (ph|ng php th tch, ph|ng php in ho dng l|u tc
k quay). Sai s ca thit b khng qu 5%.
6.9. Hiu xut lm vic ca tng cng trnh cng nh| ca ton b trm lm sch n|c
thi |c xc nh bng cch so snh thnh phn n|c thi tr|c v sau khi ra
khi cng trnh. Cc ch tiu c bn c tr|ng cho n|c thi l:
a) L|ng cn theo th tch, mg/l;
b) Hm l|ng cn l lng 1050C, g/l;
c) Nhit n|c, 0C;
d) trong, cm;
e) mu, ;
f) Mu sc;
g) Hm l|ng clorua, mg/l;
h) Hm l|ng nit v ton phn, mg/l;
i) Hm l|ng nitrit, mg/l;
j) Hm l|ng nit ca mui amn, mg/l;
k) Hm l|ng nitrit, mg/l;
l) Hm l|ng nitrat, mg/l;
m) Nhu cu xi ho theo ph|ng php bicromat kali (NOH), mg/l;
n) Nhu cu xi sinh ho sau 5 ngy v sau 20 ngy (NOS5NOS20);
o) pH ca n|c.
Trong cc tr|ng hp c bit cn tin hnh phn tch thm cc ch tiu sau:
a) Hm l|ng sunphat, mg/l;
b) Hm l|ng kali, mg/l;
c) Hm l|ng photphat, mg/l;
d) L|ng tinh cn kh, mg/l;
e) Tn tht khi nung;
f) Mc hot tnh phng x;
g) Cc ch tiu vi trng hc.
Nu c n|c thi sn xut vo h thng thot n|c thnh ph th cn phi tin
hnh kim tra phn tch cc ch tiu c tr|ng cho cc loi n|c thi ny; hm
l|ng du m xianua, crm, phenol
6.10. Cc ch tiu c tr|ng cho cht l|ng lm vic ca cng trnh l:
i vi cc loi b lng: l|ng cn tri theo n|c v trong ca n|c
lng.
22
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
Song chn rc
6.11. Phi th|ng xuyn ly rc ra khi song chn n|c thi qua |c d dng. Vn
tc dng chy gi cc thanh ca song chn rc khng |c v|t qu 0,8 n
1,0m/s.
Nu vt rc bng ph|ng php th cng th phi dng cc loi co rc. Nu vt
rc bng c gii th cng nhn vn hnh phi th|ng xuyn theo di my co rc
loi tr nhng rc ln cn mc li trn bng ti.
6.12. Rc sau khi |c nghin bng my |c x vo tr|c song chn hoc bm v b
mtan. L|ng n|c cn thit chuyn rc nghin l 10m3 cho mt tn rc.
Khi khng c my nghin th rc vt ln phi cho vo thng hoc x c l h y
lm ro n|c. Sau rc phi |c |a vo cc thng kn v x l bng cch
o h hoc phi t
ngn nga hi thi v rui mui phi rc clorua vi ln rc vt. Rc |a v
im x l tp trung khng |c qu 3 n 4 ngy.
6.13. Kim tra v theo di s lm vic ca my co rc theo cc h|ng dn c th. Nu
my co rc lm vic khng bnh th|ng th phi tt my, ng van kho v cho
n|c thi chuyn qua song chn rc d tr. Cn phi nhanh chng tm hiu
nguyn nhn v khc phc s c trn song chn rc.
6.14. Cng nhn vn hnh song chn phi |c trang b qun o lao ng ring v phi
c mt lin tc ti v tr lm vic. Hng ngy cng nhn vn hnh phi theo di
ch lm vic ca song chn v ghi vo s trc theo mu bng 9.
Bng 9
23
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
B lng ct
6.15. B lng ct phi gi li cc tp cht c hc tr|c khi n|c thi chy vo b lng
ln th nht.
b lng ct lm vic bnh th|ng phi bo m ch dng chy sau y:
Vn tc dng chy trong b lng ct ngang phi t 0,15 n 0,3 m/s (t|ng
ng vi l|u l|ng nh nht v ln nht). Nu b lng ct c nhiu ngn th
phi ng m mt s ngn m bo vn tc ny.
Vn tc dng chy trong b lng ct ng phi t 0,3 m/s n 0,4m/s.
i vi b x ct th cng phi thc hin x kh b v ly ct ra mi ngymt
ln .
Ct |c co v h tp chung sau dng gu mc i .
i vi b x ct c gii (thit b thu lc, bm ht ct) ct |c ly ra khi
b khi h tp chung y ct. Thi gian ly ct khng |c qu 2 ngy.
6.16. Trong qu trnh vn hnh b lng ct xut hin cc s c sau y:
Ct b tri khi b do vn tc dng chy ln hoc ct d li trong b c hm
l|ng hu c ln do vn tc dng chy nh;
Phn phi v thu n|c trong b lng ct khng u lm cho dung tch s
dng vn tc dng chy thay i .
khc phc s c ny phi th|ng xuyn kim tra l|u l|ng n|c thi lp cn
gi li trong b v sa cha li cc thit b phn phi v thu n|c .
6.17. Hng ngy phi o l|ng ct gi trong b. Mi thng mt ln phi xc nh cc
ch tiu cht l|ng ct nh| m, tro, c ht
Cng nhn vn hnh phi ch theo di l|ng n|c thi chy kp thi m cc
ngn lng ct.
Hng ngy cng nhn vn hnh b phi ghi vo s trc tnh hnh hot ng ca
b theo mu ghi bng 10.
Bng 10
B lng ln th nht
24
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
B lng hai v
6.21. b lng hai v lm vic bnh th|ng v lin tc phi th|ng xuyn lm sch
mng v khe lng v phi to |c h sinh vt trong ngn bn. B lng hai v s
25
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
B lc sinh vt
26
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
B Aeroten
6.28. b aerten lm vic bnh th|ng trong thi gian |a b vo hot ng cn to
bn hot tnh t ti khi l|ng v cht l|ng yu cu.
Cc iu kin c bn aerten lm vic bnh th|ng l:
My bm v my nn kh phi lm vic t cng sut yu cu v lin tc;
Phn phi u n|c thi v thng kh vo tng ngn v trn chiu di ca b;
Bo m liu l|ng bn hot tnh tun hon theo yu cu.
L|ng kh nn |c tnh ton v iu chnh |a vo cc ch tiu sau:
Cht l|ng n|c x l (theo cc tiu chun hin hnh);
Nng xy ho tan trong aerten;
Nng bn hot tnh.
6.29. Nu cht l|ng n|c x l t yu cu l|ng xy thp th c th bt l|ng khng
kh cp cho b aerten.
Nu cht l|ng x l thp v ht xy ln th phi tng thm l|ng kh cp.
27
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
Nu cht l|ng n|c x l thp v ht xy cng thp th phi tng thm l|ng
bn hot tnh tun hon.
6.30. 10 ngy mt ln phi xc nh hiu sut lm vic ca b aerten bng cch phn
tch thnh phn n|c thi tr|c aerten v sau b lng t II theo cc ch tiu hm
l|ng n|c bn, nhu cu xy ho v nng xy ho tan. Cng cn phi th|ng
xuyn phn tch vi trng hc trong mu n|c thi v trong mu bn.
Mi ca mt ln phi xc nh nng bn hot tnh tun hon hn hp n|c bn
v ch s bn.
Cng nhn vn hnh b phi ghi tnh hnh lm vic ca b aerten v b lng t
II theo cc mu bng 14 v 15.
6.31. Trong trm lm sch n|c thi phi c cc phng kim nghim kim tra hiu
xut lm vic cc cng trnh. i vi cc trm lm sch cng sut d|i 1400
m3/ng th mu n|c c th |c kim nghim ti cc phng th nghim ca trm
v sinh phng dch a ph|ng.
Nhn vin vn hnh trm lm sch n|c thi c nhng kin thc nht nh v ch
tiu cht l|ng n|c thi, iu kin v bin php bo m cho qu trnh lm vic
bnh th|ng ca trm. S l|ng v trnh nhn vin ca trm |c xc nh da
theo cng sut v c im cng ngh qu trnh x l n|c thi.
6.32. Cng nhn vn hnh phi |c h|ng dn v quy trnh vn hnh cc cng trnh,
cc nguyn tc v an ton lao ng v phng chy cha chy, cc bin php
phng nga v khc phc s c
Cc cn b k thut ca trm c nhim v:
a) Bo m ch lm vic bnh th|ng ca tng cng trnh v ca ton trm;
b) Bo m vic sa cha th|ng k v sa cha ln cc cng trnh v thit b;
c) Theo di vic ghi s trc ca cng nhn vn hnh cng trnh;
d) Lp cc bo co k thut v qun l cng trnh hng thng v hng nm;
e) Bo qun cc h s k thut ca tt c cc cng trnh v b sung cc h s
ny cc tnh nng k thut thay i trong qu trnh qun l;
f) Nghin cu hot ng ca tng cng trnh hon thin v ci tin quy trnh
qun l;
g) T chc cc lp hc nng cao trnh cng nhn;
h) Gii thiu cc nguyn tc an ton lao ng.
7. Qun l cc trm bm thot n|c
Cc yu cu chung
28
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
29
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
Bng 14
Nng cht bn (mg/l) L|ng
khng Hm
kh
Cng l|ng
Nng tnh tn C|n Nng
sut Thi Nhit xy
cho sinh g L|ng l|ng
Ngy n|c gian ho
bn mt khi thi Ch s bn tiu
thn thi thi n|c kh tan
Ch|a x l x l hot n v bn bn tun th
g kh thi 3 trong
(m3/ tnh hot (m / hon (Kwh/
(h) n|c (0C) 3
n|c
ngy) (mg/l) thi tnh m) m3)
x l
(m3/ (mg/l)
(mg/l)
m3)
Cc Cc
Cht Cht
cht cht
l NOH NOS l NOH NOS
bn bn
lng lng
khc khc
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Bng 15
Nng cht bn (mg/l)
Thi Nng xy
L|u chua
Ngy gian ho tan ca Hm l|ng
l|ng ca
thng N|c thi tr|c khi vo b N|c thi sau khi ra b lng n|c x l nitrat (mg/l)
n|c thi cn
(h) (mg/l)
(%)
Cc
Cht
Cht l Cc cht cht
NOH NOS l NOH NOS
lng bn khc bn
lng
khc
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
30
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
31
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
a. L|u l|ng n|c vo cc b cha v cp vo mng l|i cp n|c, hoc l|u l|ng
n|c thi;
b. L|u l|ng n|c dng trong trm;
c. Chi ph in nng, nhin liu theo l|ng n|c cp, n|c thi pht ra;
d. S gi my hot ng, my ngng, h s hot ng c ch;
e. Cht l|ng nguyn liu, vt liu bi trn
f. Cc thit b v cng trnh ch yu phi c h s k thut.
7.8. Trn c s cc ch s ca thit b kim tra o l|ng phi xc lp cc ch tiu v s
l|ng, cht l|ng cng tc, chi ph nguyn vt liu, in nng v cc ch tiu kinh t
k thut khc cho tng my bm, t my bm, cc thit b v tng trm bm.
Hng thng, hng qu v hng nm tr|ng trm phi lp bo co tnh hnh sn xut
gi ln cp trn.
7.9. Phi c h|ng dn quy nh nhim v ca cng nhn vn hnh trong trm bm.
Cng nhn vn hnh trm bm phi lm vic theo lch trc |c thng qua. Cm
khng |c lm sai lch trc tr tr|ng hp c bit phi c ng|i khc thay th v
|c tr|ng trm ng .
7.10. Khi nhn ca trc cng nhn phi:
a) Trc tip tm hiu xem xt v nhn bn giao tnh trng v ch lm vic ca
ton b my mc thit b thuc khu vc mnh ph trch, c bit l cc thit b
ang cn sa cha.
b) Kim tra v nhn cc dng c, du m d tr v nhng vt liu khc, cha kho
cc phng, s sch, h s
c) Tm hiu nhng iu ghi chp v b tr sp xp ca trc tr|c.
d) Kim tra cc ph|ng tin thng tin lin lc, chnh xc ca nhng ng h
cc ph|ng tin chiu sng phng s c.
e) Bo co vi tr|ng ca trc v vic giao ca v nhng im c bit khi nhn ca.
f) Khi giao nhn phi lm th tc giao nhn.
g) Cm khng |c giao nhn ca trong thi gian khc phc s c trong lc thc
hin ng m nhng thit b vn hnh quan trng. Nu thi gian khc phc s
c qu lu (t 2 n 3 ngy) th vic giao nhn ca s do lnh o chnh quyn
gii quyt.
7.11. Cng nhn trc l ng|i phi chu trch nhim theo di bo d|ng ng cc thit
b hot ng lin tc, tin cy v kinh t. Phi th|ng xuyn i li xem xt thit b
khu vc ph trch. Kt qu kim tra xem xt phi ghi vo s ng quy nh.
Cng nhn trc phi ghi chp kp thi cc ch s o ca thit b vo cc s sch,
mu biu.
Cm ng|i trc b i ni khc, k c lc thit b khng hot ng.
Khi thit b c s c trong khu vc ph trch, ng|i trc phi:
a) Tm mi bin php kp thi phc hi ch hot ng ca trm bm bng
cch cho my d tr hot ng.
b) Bo co ngay cho tr|ng ca v trm iu sau khc phc s c theo s ch
dn v my - thit b, h s k thut.
7.12. trm lm vic bnh th|ng phi c:
32
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
L lch my v thit b;
Ch dn ca nh my ch to v bo d|ng sa cha v s dng my bm v
thit b;
S cng ngh;
Cc bn v ca tng t my v cng trnh, cc bn v cc chi tit d phng;
|ng c tnh ca my bm khi th ti nh my ch to;
Ngoi ra mi trm bm phi c cc bn chnh hoc bn sao:
Mt bng tng th ca khu vc qun l v ton b cc cng trnh ngm, |ng
ng dn n|c;
Cc bn v hon cng cng trnh, nh ca, lp t thit b. S b tr thit b,
cc |ng ng v dy chuyn phi |c treo ni d tm trong trm.
7.13. Cc trm bm phi c nhng ch dn v:
S lm vic bnh th|ng ca trm v khi c s c;
S vn hnh cc thit b trong trm.
Trong cc ch dn cn phi ghi r:
Nhim v, quyn hn ca cng nhn vn hnh ;
Trnh t vn hnh ng m thit b;
Th t quan st, iu chnh, bo d|ng sa cha thit b;
K thut an ton v cc bin php phng chy cha chy;
Cc bin php phng v khc phc s c.
mi ch dn u phi ghi tn nhng cn b - cng nhn c trch nhim hiu v
thc hin cng vic theo ch dn.
Hng nm phi xem xt li ch dn c nhng b sung sa i cn thit.
7.14. K hn v khi l|ng sa cha nh v sa cha ln i vi nh ca cng trnh v
cc thit b c in ch yu u phi nm trong k hoch chung.
7.15. Tr|c khi sa cha ln phi chun b cc cng vic sau y:
Lp danh mc cc cng trnh, thit b h| hng;
Lp k hoch, trnh t cng tc sa cha theo k hoch chung ca trm;
Chun b mt bng cho vic sa cha, k c v tr t cc b phn v chi tit
tho lp;
Ngn in tch ni cn sa cha thit b vi cc thit b ang trng thi vn
hnh bnh th|ng;
Chun b cc vt t|, vt liu, ph tng cn thit;
Kim tra cc dng c, thit b nng phc v cho sa cha;
Ngt ngun in;
B tr cc t, i, cng nhn cc loi, cc quy nh v an ton lao ng.
7.16. Mi thay i v cu to thit b cng s cc |ng ng k thut v cng ngh ca
trm trong lc sa cha phi thc hin theo ng thit k v cc bn v thi cng.
33
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
7.19. S l|ng my bm v thit b d phng phi ly theo cc quy nh trong tiu chun
Cp n|c th v Thot n|c th hin hnh.
Mi t my bm, my nn kh v thit b d phng, phi nh s th t mu trng
hoc mu trn thn my v c bng ghi nh my ch to, s my, c tnh k
thut ca my.
Thit b nng vn chuyn, cc dy ti v dng c phc v cho vic nng chuyn
trong trm bm phi |c bo d|ng theo quy nh. Trong gian my phi c sn
ngn cch, gia hai tng c bng ch dn ni d thy.
Phi c t ng hoc cc bng treo cc dng c thit b cn thit phc v cho vic
tho lp my mc, thit b phi c kho ng du m, vt t|, vt liu, x, phu, gi
lau.
Nu trong trm bm c my bm vi ng c t trong th phi tun theo cc quy
nh tc ring v lp t, qun l cc ng c ny.
7.20. Trong trm bm phi treo cc s , cc h thng k thut ca cc my bm v thit
b v phi tun theo cc ch dn ca thit k.
7.21. m bo qun l ng v kinh t i vi cc trm bm cn phi lp cc h s k
thut sau y:
Cc |ng c tnh ca my bm: Q - H; Q - n; Q
Cc c tnh lm vic ng thi ca cc my bm v nhng |ng ng dn khi
u chung.
Ch thch: |ng c tnh ca my bm th|ng km theo h s ca nh my ch to. Nu
khi nhn my bm khng c h s th trong nm u vn hnh phi tin hnh th bm
dng cc |ng c tnh .
7.22. Mi t my bm v cc thit b ph tr phi c h s k thut, bao gm:
Cc |ng c tnh k thut ca thit b;
S lp t thit b;
34
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
Kt qu th nghim ti cc nh my ch to;
Bin bn giao nhn kt qu th nghim thit b;
Kt qu vn hnh th;
Bin bn nghim thu, sa cha t my v thit b ph tr;
Tr|ng hp v|t qua kh nng v trnh ca mnh th tr|ng ca phi kp thi
bo co phng iu v tr|ng trm gii quyt.Cc ti liu v s c cng
nh| cc ti liu dng nh gi nguyn nhn s c;
Cc bn v lp t, tho d cng nh| cc bn v chi tit tng thit b, k c thit
b d phng;
Cc s liu thng k k thut v s gi lm vic ca my bm, l|ng n|c pht
ra, l|ng in tiu th
Khi qun l tng t my bm, phi c s ghi hng ngy v thi gian ng m
my, thi gian thay du m, bc, cc ch s o thit b o l|ng theo mu
bng 16.
Bng 16
Bng theo di qun l hng ngy T my bm N0
Ngy thng nm
T my Thay Sa cha Ch s cc thit b
(tra)
TT Ca Chy Dng Gi i
du Nhn
(gi) (gi) (gi) (gi)
35
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
My bm thot n|c |c lm sch khi l|u l|ng gim qu 5 n 8%. Trong thi
gian cho my bm d tr hot ng.
K
7.25. Khng |c cho my bm lm vic trong nhng tr|ng hp sau y:
Xut hin ting ku khc th|ng do kim loi va vo nhau;
Trc my rung bt th|ng;
Nhit bc tng qu mc cho php hoc bc hng;
p lc u gim qu mc cho php;
Khi mt chi tit no b hng hc c th gy s c.
7.26. Phi lau chi, lm v sinh my bm thot n|c sau mi ln dng my. Sau khi lm
v sinh my bm ng trong my bm ra, sau phi ng np li nh| c.
T my bm d phng phi cho chy th t nht 10 ngy mt ln. Cc my bm c
c tnh ging nhau hoc gn nh| nhau nn cho chy thay nhau th|ng xuyn.
7.27. Ngoi vic bo d|ng hng ngy, th c in tr|ng ca phi xem xt, phi kim tra
trng thi ca t my nh|:
Trng thi ca cc c vt bu lng;
m ca my khi lm vic;
S lm vic ca bc;
Trng thi cc vng m, cc bch ni
i vi cc my bm li tm trm bm thot n|c c vng m d nhn thy, c
100 gi hot ng, phi kim tra v iu chnh h ca vng m.
7.28. Tu thuc cu to v thi gian khu hao trong thi gian my bm lm vic khng
|c qu 2500 gi; phi tin hnh iu tra v iu chnh kn kht ca cc bc.
i vi cc my bm c nhiu bnh xe cng tc, nu cn thit phi tho np ra
xem xt sa cha th|ng k.
Phi thc hin xem xt ton b v sa cha ln my bm nh|: tho np y, trc v
bnh xe cng tc, may, vng m v cc chi tit mi mn khc.
7.29. Tr|c v sau khi sa cha ln, u phi cho chy th kim tra thit b nh gi
cht l|ng sa cha v xc nh cc |ng c tnh ca my bm, cng sut yu
cu v h s hu ch. xc nh h s hiu chnh, phi kim tra li cc thit b o
l|ng nh| p lc k, l|u l|ng k v cc thit b in.
7.30. h ca bc xc nh theo s liu ca nh my ch to. Nu khng c s liu
th c th xc nh theo bng 17.
Khi chn h bc tr|t, cn c bit ch ti s vng quay trn 1000
vng/pht. Khi cn c bin php trnh rung ca van.
Bng 17
36
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
Nhng hng hc Nguyn nhn Cch pht hin Bin php khc
phc
1 2 3 4
1. Gim l|u l|ng 1. Bm quay khng 1. Theo vn k 1. a- Nu c th tng
bm s vng bnh th|ng in p ca my n
do gim in p. b- Tng s vng quay
ca mt in
(1chiu) bng cch
iu chnh bin tr.
2. a- Tho van thu v
2. Gim tit din dn
n|c do: 2. a- n|c vo bm lau sch
khng bao gi y v
a- Vt rn rc ng n|c r qua van thu
van thu ch c th pht hin
bng cch tho my
b- Rc cn ng ng bm ra. b- Tho ng ht v
rt v my bm b- Trc b cong v my bm lau, c
bnh xe cng tc x bng bn chi st ri
dch sai lch. lp tr li.
c- Bnh xe cng tc b
x dch dc trc v do c- ng h p lc ch c- Tho ra, xem li
b phn h|ng tng ln ampemet ch vng m, nu cn th
d|ng b khp li. c|ng dng in thay vng mi.
tng ln. ng h chn
khng ch gi tr thp
hn tiu chun.
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Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
7.34. Vic trang b cu to b cha, song chn rc, l|i chn ca trm bm thot n|c
phi tho mn vi cc quy nh trong tiu chun Thot n|c th. Tiu chun
thit k.
Trong trm bm thot n|c phi c h thng thot n|c ra phc v cho vic lm
ngui cc vng m, bc, cc my nghin, co rc
Vic x cn khi c s c |c thc hin ging trn |ng ng dn n|c vo trm.
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Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
42
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
Bng 19
Sa cha ln
Cng vic sa cha K hn
Tn cng vic K hn
1. Tho d v lau 6 ln/nm Thay bm du Theo hao mn t 1
chi bm nn du, h n 2 nm 1 ln
thng dn du, thng
cha du, thay du
mi 12 ln/nm Thay vng pitng 1 ln/nm
2. Tho v lm sch
b lc 2 ln/nm Thay chi tit 1 ln/nm
3.Lm sch v xilanh
b hao mn
Theo nhu cu Thay chi tit b hao 1 ln/nm
4. Tho v thay th mn
cc trc
Nt Thay my xon 10 n 15 nm mt
ln
5. Thay cc van
Ph lc 1
Ph|ng php ly mu v bo qun mu n|c
1. Ly mu l mt khu quan trng bo m chnh xc cho vic phn tch mu n|c. Nn
cng nhn c kinh nghim (tt nht l nhng ng|i chu trch nhim v kt qu
phn tch) chn ph|ng php v trc tip ly mu.
2. V tr ly mu |c chn da vo mc ch phn tch v c im i t|ng ly mu
v phi tnh n cc yu t c th nh h|ng n kt qu phn tch.
Khi ly mu n|c mt hoc n|c ngm phi ch n a im khu vc xung quanh
(s phn l|u ca dng chy, cc i t|ng gy nhim bn).
44
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
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Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
46
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
1 2
Nitrat a) Phn tch ngay trong ngy ly mu
Nitrit b) Gi mu trong t lnh t 3 n 40C
c) Mu bo qun lu di bng cch cho 1ml H2SO4 m c hoc t 2
n 4ml CHCL3 vo mt lt n|c mu.
Sunphat a) Phn tch ngay trong ngy ly mu
b) Gi mu trong t lnh t 3 n 40C
c) Mu bo qun lu di bng cch cho t 2 n 4ml CHC3 vo mt lt
n|c mu
Sunphua a) Sunphat ho tan: phi phn tch ngay sau khi ly mu
b) Mu bo qun lu di bng cch cho mt ml dung dch axetat catmi
hay axetat km 10% vo mt lt n|c mu
Photpho Mu phi phn tch ngay
Photphat a) Nn xc nh ngay sau khi ly mu
b) Gi mu trong mt ngy bng cch cho t 2 n 4ml CHCl3 vo mt
lt n|c mu
Crm a) Cn phn tch ngay xc nh Cr3+, Cr6+
b) Mu bo qun lu di bng cch cho 5ml dung dch HNO3 m c
vo mt lt n|c mu. Cn ch hin t|ng hp th Crm ln b mt trai
l
Kali Mu c th bo qun trong can l nha chu kim
trong Mu khng bo qun |c xc nh ngay sau khi ly mu
mu Mu bo qun trong mt ngy bng cch cho 2ml CHCl3 vo mt lt
n|c mu ngn cn cc qu trnh sinh ho.
Hm l|ng cht l Phi xc nh ngay trong khi ly mu
lng Phi xc nh ngay trong khi ly mu
Nhit a) Nu hm l|ng phennol ln hn 100mg/l th c th phn tch trong
Phennol vng 5 ngy k t khi ly mu
b) Nu hm l|ng phennol d|i 100mg/l th mu c th bo qun lu di
bng cch cho 4g NaOH vo mt lt n|c mu.
c) Nu hm l|ng phenol d|i 0.05 mg/l th phi phn tch ngay.
47
Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
Ph lc 2
Lch kim tra cht l|ng trong tng cng on x l n|c thin nhin
Bng
Mu Ni ly nh k
Cc ch tiu cn xc nh Ng|i thc hin
n|c mu ly mu
1 2 3 4 5
N|c Tr|c b 2 gi 1ln trong ( c), mu, kim Th nghim vin
ngun trn 1 ca Nhit , mi v trong ca
trm
bm 1 ln
ging 1 ngy xy ho, NH3NO2 NO3 hm l|ng st T tr|ng th
khoan 1 ln ton phn, pH, Cl2, ch s Coli, s vi trng nghim
trong 1cm3
1 thng Oxit canxi, cng ton phn, sunphat, T tr|ng v
1 ln H2S, CO2 xm thc, ch, phtphat, it, tr|ng phng th
phennol, oxy ho tan, manhe, axit flo, nghim
silic, NOH, mangan, kali, natri, ng,
km, hm l|ng cn, sinh cn axen
ccbua hyr thm, sn phm du
1 thng Cc mu xc nh hiu qu keo t v Clo Th nghim vin
1ln hoc ho v t tr|ng th
nhiu hn nghim
tu thuc
vo s
thay i
thnh
phn n|c
N|c Cui b T 1 n kim, pH, l|ng Clo Th nghim vin
ngun trn 2 gi 1 ln trong ca
trn khi liu
thm l|ng ho
cht keo cht
t hoc khng
Clo ho i. T
s b 0,5 n 1
gi khi
liu l|ng
thay i
N|c Tai ng 1 ca 2 ln trong ( c), mu, kim Th nghim vin
sau lng ra ca trong ca
t|ng b
lng
ng 1 ca 1 ln trong ( c), mu, mi, kim, Th nghim vin
chung pH l|ng Clo d| ch s Coli, s vi trng trong ca
ca cc trong 1cm3
b lng
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Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
1 2 3 4 5
N|c sau Sau mi b 1 ca 2 ln v trong ( c), mu, Th nghim vin trong ca
b lc lc v ng c th nhiu mi, l|ng Clo d|
chung v b hn tu mc
gim cht
l|ng n|c
lc hay thay
i l|ng ho
cht
1 ca 1 ln oxy ho, ch s Clo, s vi T tr|ng
trng trong 1 cm3
N|c sch Sau b 1 gi 1 ln trong, mu, kim, Th nghim vin hay t
mi v tr|ng
1 ca 1 ln Nhit T tr|ng th nghim
1 ngy 1 ln Hm l|ng st ton phn pH,
Cl2, NH3, NO2, NO3, ch s
Coli, s vi trng trong 1cm3
1 thng 1 ln Canxi oxit, sunphat, ch,
photphat, oxy ho tan, flo,
silic, NOS, kali, natri, ng,
km, acsen, CO2, cn kh
Pht vo 1 gi 1 ln L|ng d| Clo Th nghim vin
mng l|i
thnh ph
Dung dch B dung 1 ca 1 ln Nng Al2O3 hot tnh nng T tr|ng th nghim
ho cht dch vi hot tnh, Clo hot tnh,
Clo hot tnh trong clorua vi
hay trong n|c Javel
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Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5576 : 1991
50