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H thng Sprinkler t ng
Yu cu thit k v lp t
Fire protection Automatic sprinkler systems Design and installation requirements
LI NI U
TCVN 7336:2003 do Ban k thut tiu chun TCVN/TC Phng chy cha chy bin son, Tng cc
Tiu chun o lng Cht lng ngh B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ban hnh.
1. PHM VI P DNG
Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu i vi vic thit k, lp t h thng cha chy sprinkler t
ng bng nc, bt (sau y gi l h thng sprinkler) trong cc ta nh v cng trnh xy dng
mi hoc ci to.
Tiu chun ny cng p dng cho h thng cha chy trn ngp iu khin bng sprinkler, u bc
v iu khin t xa hoc bng tay.
Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho h thng cha chy i vi:
- Cc ta nh c chc nng c bit v cc thit b cng ngh ngoi cc ta nh ;
- Cc phng ngm di mt t ca cng nghip khai khong;
- B xng du.
2. TIU CHUN TRCH DN
TCVN 4756:89, Quy phm ni t v ni khng cc thit b in.
TCVN 5738:2001, H thng bo chy t ng Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 6305-1:1997 (ISO 6182-1:1993), Phng chy cha chy H thng sprinkler t ng
Phn 1: Yu cu v phng php th i vi sprinkler.
TCVN 6305-2:1997 (ISO 6182-2:1993), Phng chy cha chy H thng sprinkler t ng
Phn 2: Yu cu v phng php th i vi van bo ng kiu t, bun hm v c cu bo
ng kiu t.
TCVN 6305-3:1997 (ISO 6182-3:1993), Phng chy cha chy H thng sprinkler t ng
Phn 3: Yu cu v phng php th i vi van ng kh.
TCVN 6305-4:1997 (ISO 6182-4:1993), Phng chy cha chy H thng sprinkler t ng
Phn 4: Yu cu v phng php th i vi c cu m van nhanh.
TCVN 6305-5:1997 (ISO 6182-5:1993), Phng chy cha chy H thng sprinkler t ng
Phn 5: Yu cu v phng php th i vi van trn.
3. THUT NG V NH NGHA
Tiu chun ny s dng cc thut ng v nh ngha trong TCVN 6305:1997.
4. QUY NH CHUNG
4.1. Cc h thng cha chy c thit k theo tiu chun ny phi c iu khin bng tay.
4.2. Cc h thng sprinkler phi c thit k sao cho chng c th va thc hin cc chc nng
cha chy ng thi thc hin chc nng bo chy t ng.
4.3. Cc h thng sprinkler phi c thit k trn c s cng ngh dy chuyn sn xut cn bo
v cc ch tiu kinh t k thut.
5. PHN LOI H THNG SPRINKLER V D LIU THIT K
5.1. Phn loi h thng
H thng sprinkler c phn loi da trn mc nguy c pht sinh m chy ti cc c s
v c gi mt cch tng ng (xem 5.2), c th nh sau:
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* V d, trong mt h thng vi 300 sprinkler cho khu vc c nguy c chy trung bnh
v 100 cho khu vc c nguy c chy thp, th s lng sprinkler theo quy nh ny thay
v 400 phi ly 500, tc l 300 + (100 2)
** Khi tnh ton s lng sprinkler trong mt h thng hn hp, th s lng sprinkler
thc t trong khu vc c nguy c chy thp cn phi tng gp i. S lng ny phi
cng vi s sprinkler trong khu vc c nguy c chy trung bnh v/hoc c nguy c
chy cao v tng s sprinkler khng c vt qu s lng ct 3.
5.3.1.3. H thng ng ng kh
Mt h thng ng ng kh l h thng sprinkler tiu chun trong h thng ng
ng thng xuyn c np kh nn pha trn van bo ng ng ng kh v c
np nc c p lc pha di van ny.
Thng thng, h thng ng ng kh ch cho php lp t trong cc ta nh ni iu
kin nhit c duy tr gn hoc thp hn nhit ng bng ca nc nh trong
kho lnh, kho lng thu, hoc nhng ni nhit c duy tr trn 70C nh trong cc
l sy. Khi lp t h thng ng ng kh trong nhng hon cnh c bit khc th
phi c giy php ring.
S lng sprinkler do mt b van khng ch trong h thng ng ng kh khng c
vt qu s lng nu trong bng 1 i vi h thng ng ng lun phin kh t.
Cc sprinkler phi c lp hng ln, nm bn trn tuyn ng ng ca h thng
ng ng kh, ngoi tr khi cc sprinkler kiu hng xung di vi lung nc phun
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d) B phn kt ni;
e) Van khng hi lu. a ca van khng hi lu phi c mt l ng knh 1mm
nhm cho php dung dch dn nh khi nhit tng, v do ngng nga s h
hng ca sprinkler. Tt c cc van trong h thng ng ng phi c ph kim
loi.
5.3.1.6. H thng tc ng trc
H thng tc ng trc l s kt hp gia h thng sprinkler tiu chun v h thng
bo khi hoc bo nhit c lp c ph chun v c lp t trong cng khu vc
nh cc sprinkler. Ni chung, cc u bo khi hoc bo nhit s hot ng trc so vi
cc sprinkler, v do mt van tc ng trc s m cp nc vo h thng ng
ng sprinkler trc khi sprinkler u tin hot ng.
Cc ng ng ca h thng sprinkler theo thng l c np kh nn v c khng
ch sao cho s xut hin tin hiu bo ng khi p sut kh gim.
Van bo ng tc ng trc khng ch vic cung cp nc s hot ng:
- Hon ton bi h thng u bo ph chun lm cho cc ng ng sprinkler
c np nc v nh vy tr thnh h thng ng ng t, i tng bo v
khng b t do nc thot ra t ng ng hoc t u phun b s c hng hc c
kh; hoc:
- Bi h thng u bo c ph chun, hoc mt cch c lp bi s hot ng
ca mt u phun thi kh ra t h thng ng ng, i tng bo v s thc y
s phun nc sm cc u phun trong h thng ng ng kh. S hot ng ca
h thng sprinkler s khng b nh hng bi bt k hng hc no trong h cc u
bo.
Trong mi trng hp h thng u bo cn t ng hot ng nh mt h thng bo
chy.
H thng tc ng trc phi c thit k sao cho s lng cc sprinkler c khng
ch bi van tc ng trc khng vt qu s lng sau y:
i. i vi h thng c nguy c chy thp: 500;
ii. i vi h thng c nguy c chy trung bnh v nguy c chy cao, k c cc
sprinkler trong h thng c nguy c chy thp (xem ch thch trong 5.3.1.1)
H thng sprinkler khi lp t ni c nguy c ng bng th cc sprinkler phi c
lp t hng ln trn v cc ng ng phi b tr c dc thch hp thot nc
(xem 8.13).
Ton b thng tin chi tit xut cho vic lp t h thng tc ng trc phi c c
quan c thm quyn ph duyt trc khi vic thi cng lp t c tin hnh.
5.3.1.7. H thng tc ng trc tun hon
H thng tc ng trc tun hon l h thng tc ng trc m t trong 5.3.1.6
vi u bo nhit kt hp vi mt van tc ng trc khng ch lu lng c kh
nng lp li chu k ng/m tng ng vi bc chy tr li khu vc bo v. S
tc ng ca u bo nhit, hot ng tng t nh mt kha lin ng, lm cho
van tin tc ng khng ch lu lng ng v m. m bo an ton, van tc
ng trc khng ch lu lng s c ng tr li sau mt thi gian tr hon
xc nh (thng thng l 5 pht) bng mt thit b hn gi t ng. Song, nu
nh m chy kch hot s tc ng tr li ca u bo nhit, th van tc ng
trc khng ch lu lng s lp tc m tr li v nc s li phun ra t u cc
sprinkler m.
Mc ch ca h thng tc ng trc tun hon l:
- Trnh c nhng thit hi do nc gy ra khi m chy b dp tt;
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- Trnh c s cn thit phi ng van chnh khi thc hin nhng thay i i vi
h thng ng ng hoc khi thay th sprinkler; v:
- Trnh c nhng thit hi do nc gy ra khi h thng ng ng hoc cc
sprinkler c nhng hng hc c kh ngu nhin.
S lng sprinkler ln nht c khng ch bi van tc ng trc kim sot lu
lng l 1000. Cc sprinkler c lp t hng ln trn, ngoi tr nhng ni
c c quan c thm quyn cng nhn l h thng c lp t trong ta nh c
si m thch hp. H thng ng ng phi b tr c dc thch hp thot
nc (xem 8.13).
Cc thng tin chi tit xut cho vic lp t h thng tc ng trc tun hon
phi c c quan c thm quyn duyt trc khi vic thi cng lp t c tin
hnh.
5.3.1.8. Lp t u bo chy
Vic lp t v b tr khong cch gia cc u bo chy nhit trong h thng tc
ng trc v tc ng trc tun hon phi tun theo cc quy nh ca tiu chun
TCVN 5738:2001.
5.3.2. H thng trn ngp (drencher)
H thng trn ngp l h thng gm cc sprinkler h (drencher) c khng ch
bi mt van m nhanh (van trn ngp), hot ng nh mt h thng u bo
c ph chun hoc nh cc sprinkler lp t trong cng khu vc vi sprinkler
h.
Cc h thng ny c thit k ch yu do cc c s c nguy c chy c bit nh
cc c s c xem l nguy c chy cao lit k trong A.3, ni mt m chy bt
k c th bng pht rt mnh v lanh truyn vi tc nhanh. Trong nhng tn
hung nh vy nn phun nc ng thi trn ton b khu vc ni c m chy c
th pht sinh bng cch bm nc vo cc u sprinkler hoc vo cc u phun
sng m c tc trung bnh hoc tc cao.
Cc thng tin chi tit ca xut cho vic lp t h thng trn ngp phi c c
quan c thm quyn duyt trc khi vic thi cng lp t c tin hnh.
5.4. D liu thit k
5.4.1. H thng sprinkler tiu chun
Mi h thng sprinkler tiu chun phi c thit k v mt thy lc theo cc mc
nguy c chy tng ng nhm m bo lu lng phun thch hp trn din tch hot
ng gi nh, ngha l s lng cc sprinkler c th s hot ng, trong nhng vng bt
li nht v mt thy lc ng hc ca ta nh cn bo v.
5.4.2. H thng trn ngp
H thng ng ng i vi cc u phun to sng m phi c tnh ton v mt
thy lc nh i vi cc h c nguy c chy cao (xem 5.3.2) nhm m bo rng mt
phun thch hp l do bn sprinkler hoc u phun to sng m. Nhng u phun ny
nm nhng v tr bt li nht v mt thy lc, nh ti cc gc ca khu vc c bo
v bi h thng trn ngp khi tt c sprinkler hoc u phun to sng m trong h
thng hot ng ng thi.
6. CC SPRINKLER PHUN NC V BT CHA CHY
6.1. Ty theo nhit khng kh trong phng, cc sprinkler phun nc v bt cha chy cn phi
c thit k ph hp vi cc phng c nhit khng kh thp nht trong nm trn 4C.
6.2. Cc sprinkler c thit k c thit k cho mt hoc nhiu cm cha chy. Mi cm phi
c trm iu khin ring.
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6.3. Mt cm cha chy ch c b tr ti a 800 sprinkler nc hoc phun bt, ng thi tng
dung tch ca cc ng ng ca cm sprinkler phun bt khng vt qu 2000 lt.
Khng hn ch dung tch ng ng nm trong h thng phun nc.
6.4. Cng phun nc v dung dch to bt, din tch bo v bi 1 sprinkler hoc din tch
kim sot ca mt kha d nng chy, khong cch gia cc u phun hoc cc kha d
nng chy v thi gian hot ng ca h thng cha chy bng nc phi ly theo bng 2.
Bng 2
Nhm cc ta nh Cng phun Din tch Din tch Thi Khong
v cng trnh (Mt phun thit c bo tnh gian cch ti
k), l/m2.s v bi 1 lu lng phun a gia
(mm/min), khng sprinkler nc cha cc
nh hn hoc 1 dung dch chy, sprinkler
Nc Dung kha d to bt, min hoc cc
2
dch nng m kha d
to chy, m2 nng
bt chy, m
Nguy c chy thp 0,08 - 12 120 30 4
(4,8)
Nguy c chy trung
bnh
Nhm I 0,12 0,08 12 240 60 4
(7,2) (4,8)
Nhm II 0,24 0,12 12 240 60 4
(14,4) (7,2)
Nhm III 0,3 0,15 12 360 60 4
(18) (9)
Nhm III c bit ** *** 9 360 60 3
Nguy c chy cao
Trong qu trnh sn **** ***** 9 180 60 3
xut
Bo qun chng - ****** 9 180 - 3
ng
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8.5. Khng cho php kt ni h thng nc phc v thit b sn xut v thit b v sinh vi ng
ng cp nc ca h thng cha chy.
8.6. Cho php lp t hng nc cha chy vch tng v lng phun bt cm tay trn ng ng
cp nc cung cp c ng knh t 70mm tr ln ca h thng sprinkler cha chy bng
nc v bng bt.
8.7. Cm thit b sprinkler vi 12 hng nc cha chy tr ln v 12 lng phun bt tr ln phi
c 2 ng ng cp. i vi cc thit b u phun c t 2 cm tr ln th cho php ni ng
cp th hai c kha vi cm bn cnh, nhng phi m bo l trn van iu khin phi b tr
van ng m bng tay.
8.8. Cho php lp t ti a 6 sprinkler vi ng knh trong l phun 12mm tr xung hoc 4
sprinkler vi ng knh l phun trn 12mm trn ng ng phn phi ca h thng
sprinkler bng nc v bng bt.
8.9. Khng cho php lp t van chn v kt ni mt bch trn cc ng ng phn phi chnh v
ng ng phn phi nhnh. Trong cc trng hp c bit, cho php lp t van chn
nhng phi kim sot c trng thi ng m ca van.
8.10. Cc ng ng chnh, ng ng nhnh nc cha chy v ng ng kch hot vi cc kt
ni hn c thit k t cc ng ng thp theo tiu chun hin hnh. Cho php s dng
ng ng thp dn kh, nc kt ni vi nhau bng ct ni ng trong cc phng ca c s
sn xut vt liu chy n ang hot ng.
Cc ng ng dn nc cha chy bn ngoi c th c thit k t cc ng ng phi kim
loi, cng nh t cc ng ng gang c ly tm v c bn lin tc theo tiu chun hin
hnh.
8.11. Khong cch gia cc tr hoc mc treo ng thp phi chn theo bng 3
Bng 3
ng knh ng 18 25 32 40 45 57 76 89 114 140 152 219
thp, mm
Khong cch 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 6 6 7 8 9
cc i gia cc
tr
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Nhm 1: Cc ta nh v phng c
Nhm 1: Cc ta nh v phng c
Nhm 1: Cc ta nh v phng c
Nhm 1: Cc ta nh v phng c
nguy c c chy c nguy c c chy cao
chy trung bnh chy trung
thp bnh
Chiu cao phng, m
Dung dch to bt
Dung dch to bt
Dung dch to bt
Nc
Nc
Nc
Nc
T 10 n 12 0,09 0,13 0,09 0,26 0,13 0,33 0,17 132 264 264 396
T 12 n 14 0,1 0,14 0,1 0,29 0,14 0,36 0,18 144 288 288 432
T 14 n 16 0,11 0,16 0,11 0,31 0,16 0,39 0,20 156 312 312 468
T 16 n 18 0,12 0,17 0,12 0,34 0,17 0,42 0,21 166 336 336 504
T 18 n 20 0,13 0,18 0,13 0,36 0,18 0,45 0,23 180 360 360 540
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K p .W
N=
K
Trong ,
Kp l h s v bt, chn theo bng 8;
K l bi s n;
W l th tch cn phng c bo v, m3.
Bng 7
Van iu khin ng knh van, mm Xc nh tn hao p sut
Ca u sprinkler cha chy 100 H = 0,00302Q2
bng nc 150 H = 0,00368Q2
Ca u sprinkler to bt 100 H = 0,00936Q2
ha khng kh 150 H = 0,002269Q2
Ca thit b sprinkler 65 H = 0,048Q2
100 H = 0,00634Q2
100 H = 0,0014Q2
Ca h thng cha chy 100 H = 0,00235Q2
100 H = 0,00077Q2
200 H = 0,000198Q2
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11.5. Nc cung cp cho cc h thng sprinkler cha chy bng nc v bng bt, k t khi
chung pht tn hiu phi c ly t ngun nc cp chnh.
11.6. m bo p sut tnh ton trong cc h thng sprinkler cha chy bng nc trc thi
im khi ng my bm, cn phi b tr trong cc ng ng dn ca h thng sprinkler v
trong cc ng ng cp ca h thng sprinkler thit b to xung (bn kim loi c dung tch
0,5m3 cha nc di p sut) hoc cc ng ng c chc nng khc nhau vi p sut bng
hoc ln hn p sut tnh ton. Cho php s dng my nn kh hoc s dng trm kh nn
chung ca nh my (vi iu kin trm vn hnh lin tc) np kh nn cho bn thy kh.
11.7. cp nc cho h thng sprinkler cha chy bng nc v bng bt c trang thit b khi
ng t ng nh tn hiu ca h thng bo chy, vi yu cu khi ng h thng cha chy
di 10 giy k t khi h thng bo chy pht tn hiu, th phi b tr ly nc t ngun cp
nc chnh v t ng.
11.8. Tt c h thng sprinkler cha chy bng nc v bng bt c trang b my bm c khi
ng bng tay, phi c ngun cp nc t ng m bo cho thit b hot ng trong thi
gian 10 pht.
11.9. Ngun cp nc t ng (bn thy kh hoc bn ct p) ca thit b sprinkler nu 11.8
phi m bo cung cp lng nc hoc dung dch to bt tnh ton trong sut thi gian
cn thit a bm d tr vo ch vn hnh n nh.
11.10. Ngun cp nc t ng hoc thit b to xung cn phi t ng ngng hot ng sau khi
my bm khi ng.
11.11. S lng my bm trm bm phi ln hn hai (mt my lm vic cn mt my d
phng), mi my c ngun cp in ring. Nu ch c mt ngun cp in th cho php b tr
mt my bm trang b b khi ng t ng vi s ng ca c quan phng chy c thm
quyn.
11.12. Khi ch c mt ngun cp in th phi b tr mt my bm chy bng ng c t trong
khi ng t ng nhng cng c kh nng khi ng bng tay.
11.13. My bm v ng c khng c s dng dy cua-roa truyn ng.
11.14. Cht to bt phi c a vo b bng my bm ring, khi ng bng tay.
11.15. a cht to bt vo b cha lng nc nh sn, phi s dng ng ng c nhiu
l t vng quanh b, di mc nc trong b 0,1m.
11.16. H thng sprinkler cha chy bng bt c b phn nh lng th phi b tr hai my bm
nh lng (mt lm vic, mt d phng).
11.17. Thng thng, trm bm ca h thng sprinkler c t trong nh, tng hm mt hoc
tng ngm, trong cc phng ring bit vi cc tng v trn c gii hn chu la thp nht l
0,75 gi, c ca ring ra ngoi nh hoc ra sn cu thang. Cc yu cu trn cng c p
dng khi thit k cc trm bm nm trong cc khu vc c iu kin thin nhin v thi tit
c bit.
12. IU KHIN TRM BM
12.1. ng c my bm lm vic v my bm d phng ca h thng sprinkler v ng c ca
cc van kha phi c xp vo loi thit b in c tin cy loi 1 theo quy nh v cc
thit b in.
12.2. Cho php s dng ptmt ng ct v bo v cho ng c my bm d phng.
12.3. iu khin in trm bm cn m bo:
- T ng khi ng my bm chnh;
- T ng khi ng my bm d phng khi my bm chnh khng khi ng c
hoc sau khi khi ng khng t c ch vn hnh trong khong thi gian nh
trc;
- T ng m van chn truyn ng bng in;
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Ph lc A
Nh tm (Nh tm kiu Th Nh K v phng Phng khm bnh v phng khm nha khoa
tm hi)
Nh tr, phng ngh ca cc cu lc b, khch Bo tng v cc phng trng by tranh
sn
Nh th Cng s
Bnh vin, tri tr m ci, nh an dng v nh Nh t
thng in
Th vin (ngoi tr kho sch) Trng hc, trng i hc
Nh c phng cho thuyr Trm x l v trm bm nc
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A2.4. Nhm III c bit* thuc cc c s c nguy c chy trung bnh c bit bao gm:
C s sn xut thuc cha bnh (sn xut hoc Khu trin lm
phn tch) c sinh ra hoc s dng cc cht d Nh my sn xut si thy tinh
chy dng rn, dng lng hoc dng bt v cc Trng quay phim v truyn hnh
cht tng t)
X nghip ch bin g bn X nghip p, tc si lanh, si gai
X nghip sn xut bng vi (cng on gia C s ch bin lanh, gai v ay (cng on gia
cng nguyn liu) cng nguyn liu)
Nh my ru (chng ct) Nh my dim
Nh my ch bin du (p v chit tch bng
dung mi)
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* Nhm ny l phn m rng ca nhm III, ni c th pht sinh cc m chy chp nhong xy
ra trn din rng nh m chy lin quan n cng on chun b nguyn liu trng nh my dt.
X nghip sn xut bt la Cc nh my sn xut nha nhn to, mu n
v du thng
X nghip sn xut pho hoa Nh my sn xut vt liu thay th cao su
X nghip sn xut thm v vi lt sn nh Nh my chng ct hc n
C s sn xut nha xp v sn phm t xp, Nh my sn xut x si g
v kho cha
* Danh sch cc hng mc trong Loi nguy c chy II, II v IV l cha y , v cc hng mc
khng c nhc n khng c ngha l chng c mc nhin coi nh thuc loi nguy c chy I.
A3.2.2. Loi nguy c chy II
V d v Loi nguy c chy II do xp chng ng trong kho nh sau
Bnh phun c cha cht d chy Thm nha lt sn nh
G bn ng thnh kin Ru Whisky xp thnh thng trong kho
Giy vn ng thnh kin Cht do (khng bt chy) khng phi nha
xenlulo
Thng v giy cc tng Cun giy v bt giy (bo qun nm)
Thng cc tng cha du sn mi ng hp, Cun giy du (bo qun nm)
kh khi dung mi bay hi
Vn dm p Lp mt trang tr cho vn p
Vn si p (loi vn mm, mt thp) Cc mu g
g
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