PHN C BN

GIM ST THI CNG V NGHIM THU LP T THIT B

TRONG CNG TRNH DN DNG
(TRCH TI LIU H M TP HCM)

I. GIM ST THI CNG V NGHIM THU CNG TC LP T IN

1. Nhng vn chung v h thng in trong cng trnh dn dng:
H thng in trong nh v nh dn dng thng bao gm:
- Ngun cp in.
- Cc thit b qun l v iu hnh h thng in.
- Mng li dy dn in.
- Cc dng ph ti tiu th in trong v ngoi nh.
- Mng tip a.
Nhng tiu ch cn quan tm khi kim tra cht lng phn xy v lp h thng in cho cng
trnh dn dng nh sau:
- Kim tra v thm nh cc tiu ch ca vt liu v thit b da vo yu cu k thut trong
thit k v catalogues.
- Kim tra v tr lp t.
- Kim tra s gn kt ca vt liu v thit b vo v tr v cc dng c neo gi.
- Kim tra mc cch in, dn in v nhy vn hnh ca thit b in.
- Kim tra cc yu cu ca phn xy i km phn lp.
- Vn hnh th nghim, cc tiu ch v ch cn t khi vn hnh.
2. Mng li dy in:
- C s kim tra v nghim thu: Cc yu cu ghi trong iu kin k thut thi cng h thng
in trong b H s mi thu v TCXD 25:1991: t ng dn in trong nh v cng
trnh cng cng. Tiu chun thit k.
- ng lun dy in phi trn. V l do g m ng thnh bu dc th ng knh nh khng
b hn ng knh ln 10% th cn c s dng. Nu chnh m ln hn 10% th phi
loi b. Ch lun dy vo ng khi lp va trt kh. Khng c c ch ni dy hay phn
nhnh dy bn trong rut ng.
- Dy cp in i trn v trong tng phi c gn cht vo tng ti cc im c nh cp
m khong cch nh sau:
V tr t cp Khong cch gia cc im c nh cp
1. Mt phng ngang Lp trn gi cp: 1m
2. Mt ng 2m
3. Mt ng Kp gia nh cp 0,8 1m
Tt c cc im cn phng khng cho lp v ch ca cp b
bin dng, ng thi khng lm cho li trong hp u dy lin
tip b tc ng bi trng lng bn thn ca cp gy nn.
4. Mt ngang u cui mi on cp
5. Ch un cong u cui ca on cp un cong, nu cp ln th cn t kp
gia on cong. Khong cch gia cc im gi c nh dy
cp hai bn hp ni cp.
6. V tr t cp v gn hp ni Cch hp ni, u cp hoc ch bt u khng qu 100mm.
cp
7. Hp ni cp v u cp dn
vo thit b hoc ch bt u cp

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 - Cp t h trong nh khng dng cp c v bc ngoi bng lp y tm nha. Cp i vo
nh, ng hm hoc cp chuyn t thng sang ngang cn t d tr mt on di hn 1m.
Cp t trong nh khng cn c on d tr nhng khng c cp cng qu.
- Cp t ngm di nn nh th khong cch gia dy cp v ng ng nc giao nhau di
t khng nh hn 0,5m. Nu khng m bo, phi c bin php bo v ch giao nhau nh
t tm chn, tm chn ny phi ko di v mi bn ca dy cp l 0,5m phng m t
hay h hng.
- Khi cn treo cp bng si dy thp th sc lm t dy cp phi ln gp 4 ln sc chu khi
treo dy cp. Gia cp v gi cn cch in. Chiu dy lp cch in phi ln hn 2mm.
- t dy dn trong tng gip mi phi tun theo nhng iu sau y:
+ Lun trong ng thp, t kn trong tng, trn v mi vi nh s dng vt liu khng
chy. Nu dng puli s ng dy trong tng ny th khong cch gia cc s
khng c xa qu 0,6m.
+ Khi i 2 dy song song th khong cch gia 2 si phi xa hn 0,5m.
+ Khi bt dy i thp hn 2m k t mt sn ln phi c bin php chng h hng do cc tc
nhn c l.
+ S dng trn tng mi l dy ng. Dy dn nhm ch dng trong mi nh m vt liu
xy dng l loi khng chy. Hp ni v hp phn nhnh phi bng kim loi. Cc thit b
ng mch, thit b iu khin v thit b bo v khng c t tng gip mi.
- Dy dn v dy cp khng i trong ng phi tun theo cc quy nh v khong cch an ton
sau y:
+ Theo phng ngang:
Trn bc tam cp, ban cng cng nh mi nh: 2,5m.
Trn ca s: 0,5m.
Trn ban cng: 1m.
Di ca s (tnh t khung ca): 1m.
+ Theo phng ng: khong cch t dy dn n:
Ca s: 0,75m.
Ban cng: 1m.
+ Dy dn cch mt t: 2,75m.
- Dy dn t trn ct in phi m bo khong cch t dy n ban cng v ca s khng
gn hn 1,5m. Khng cho t dy dn in ngoi nh trn mi nh. Khi chm vo dy c
cch in ngoi tri coi nh chm vo dy trn v phi tun theo cc iu kin ca dy
trn.
- Dy i trn khng vt qua ng th phi cao hn 6m i vi ng c xe qua v 3,5m i
vi ng khng c xe qua.
- Dy vt qua tng phi t ng cho dy i qua v m bo ng khng tch t nc.
- Sau khi lp xong ng dy cn tin hnh kim tra:
+ thng ca tng si dy theo tng mch. Cn tho tng l kim tra c lp.
+ cch in ca tng dy vi v, vi cc dy khc trong ng v vi mi trng cha
ng dy.
3. Lp t trang thit b in trong nh dn dng v nh :
Vic lp t v nghim thu tun theo yu cu ca b h s mi thu, iu kin k thut trong hp
ng giao nhn thu lp t in v TCXD 27: 1991, Tiu chun thit k: t thit b in trong
nh v cng trnh cng cng.
- u dn ca mng in vo nh phi t thit b bo v v iu khin, nu dng in nh
hn 20A c th khng cn t thit b iu khin.
- Phi c thit b bo v ngn mch, v ngt c mch khi c s c:
+ Mt hoc nhiu pha ca mng in c trung tnh vi t.
+ Hai v ba pha ca mng trung tnh cch ly.

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 - Thit b bo v t ni d kim tra, vn hnh d, khng gy nguy him, phn mang in ch
h khi khai thc cng trnh c b tr th chuyn mn v in vn hnh v qun l.
- t cu ch ti;thi
+ Cc pha bnh thng khng ni t.
+ Dy trung tnh ca mng in hai dy trong cc cng trnh c dy dn m t, khng c
th in chuyn mn vn hnh v qun l v c nguy c n.
- Khng t cu ch dy trung tnh ca mng 3 pha 4 dy v mng 2 pha, 1 dy trung tnh.
- Khi t cc thit b dn vo bng phn phi in chnh, bng in v t in trong nh phi
p ng cc yu cu sau:
+ V tr t ni thun tin cho vic s dng, d kim tra v theo di nh gn cu thang,
tng hm ni kh ro.
+ Bng phn phi chnh, bng in, t in phi t trong cc t, hp bng kim loi hay
bng g hoc t trong cc hc ca tng chu lc chnh v phi c ca kha. Tay iu
khin ca cc thit b khng c nh ra ngoi.
+ Thit b dn vo t in, bng in, hp in phi t ccg xa ng dn nc, rnh nc
ti thiu l 0,5m.
Lu : Phng t t in, bng in khng t di cc phng dng nc nhiu nh bp, x,
tm, git. Khi c ng nc dn qua phng t cc thit b iu khin in th khng c m
vi, khng c c cc mic kim tra hay bt k trang b g m c kh nng phun bn nc
phng ny.
- Mi cm in phi t cao hn mt nn, mt sn ti thiu l 1,5m. Nu cm trong hc
tng c th tho phc cm ra, hc tng c np ng li c th t cao 0,4m tr ln so
vi mt sn. Mi cm u phi t xa cc b phn kim loi c tip xc vi t nh ng dn
nc, chu tm, cc ming kim loi t nht l 0,5m.
- Yu cu i vi cm v phch cm nh sau:
+ Phch v phi thch hp v in th v chng loi sao cho nu c nhm cng khng th
nhm c. V d in p 110V dng thanh cm dt, in p 220V dng thanh cm
trn hay l loi 3 chn chng hn.
+ Hp b v s cc. Phch mt cc khng th cm vo nhiu cc. Phch hai cc khng
th cm vo ba cc
- in p li 127 220V mi cm phi c mt cu ch bo v.
- Thit b tt dng n phi t cao trn 1,5m tnh t mt sn tr ln. Khng t thit b ng,
tt n bung tm, phng git, phng v sinh. Mch in chnh hay nhnh u phi t mt
cu dao. Nhiu mch ch do mt dng chnh cung cp th dng in ti a dng ch
c 5A.
4. Lp t bng in chiu sng:
Bng in thng c t hp theo cc cch lp t nh sau:
- Loi bo v cc tng nh (cu thang) c kh c in bo v.
- Loi bo v cng cc tng nh (cu thang) c kh c phn phi in nng, bo v v cng
t in.
- Loi phi hp dng cc tng nh (cu thang) c kh c phn phi in nng, bo v v
cng t in.
- Loi dng trong phng , c kh c phn phi in nng (cho loi bng t hc tng),
bo v v cng t in.
Cc thit b in trong nh v cng cng phi c ni t v ni trn khng kh theo Quy
phm ni t cc thit b in QPVN 13 78 v Quy phm trang b in QT 11 TCN 18 -1984.
II. GIM ST THI CNG V NGHIM THU CNG TC LP T THIT B CHNG
ST
1. Nhng qui nh chung v chng st cho cc cng trnh dn dng v nh :
lm cn c thi cng v nghim thu vic lp t trang thit b chng st cho cng trnh, phi
i chiu vi cc tiu ch nu trong b H s mi thu, trong iu kin K thut cho Hp ng
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xy lp v cung cp trang thit b cho cng trnh v TCXD 46: 1984 Chng st cho cc cng
trnh xy dng Tiu chun thit k, thi cng.
Phn loi mc chng st cho cng trnh:
Cng trnh c chia thnh 3 cp chng st:
- Cp I: Nhng cng trnh trong to ra cc cht kh hoc hi chy, cng nh cc bi hoc
si d chy chuyn sang trng thi l lng v c kh nng kt hp vi khng kh hoc cht
oxy ho khc to thnh hn hp n, c th xy ra ngay trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng.
- Cp II: Nhng cng trnh trong c to ra cc cht kh, hi, bi hoc si chy v c kh
nng kt hp vi khng kh hoc cc cht oxy ho khc to thnh cc hn hp n. Nhng
kh nng ny ch xy ra khi c s c hoc lm sai quy tc, khng th xy ra khi lm vic bnh
thng. Khi xy ra n ch gy ra nhng h hng nh, khng gy cht ngi.
- Cp III: Tt c nhng cng trnh cn li.
Mt s cng trnh nm trong phm vi chng st cp III nhng c tm quan trng c bit v
chnh tr, kinh t th c nng ln cp II nh tr s lm vic cp Nh nc, i pht thanh,
truyn hnh, nh cho ngi s dng cp cao
Ni dung cng vic chng st cho cng trnh kin trc:
- Vi nh c chng st cp I, cp II phi: Chng st nh thng, cm ng tnh in v cm ng
in t v chng st t cc ng dy v ng ng bng kim loi dn vo cng trnh.
- Vi nh chng st cp III phi: Chng st nh thng v t cc ng dy, ng ng bng
kim loi dn vo cng trnh.
Cc yu cu cn kim tra vi vic lp t chng st:
- B phn thu st m bo kiu dng chn, v tr t thit b, kch thc vt liu, kim tra
lp m ca u kim, cc mi hn, ni khi c.
- B phn dn st: v tr b tr, qui cch v s lng dy dn xung t, khong cch an ton
n nhng v tr cn trnh, phng thc neo gn dy dn vo cng trnh, phng thc ni
dy dn st, phng thc sn m, ph tip xc.
- B phn ni t: ng qui cch vt liu, cch hn, ni, khong cch an ton n cc thit b
kim loi trong nh, phi dng dng c o in tr t kim tra cc tr s in tr ni t.
Khi t thit b chng st c lp, tr s in tr ni t xung kch phi t cc yu cu sau
y:
+ Khng qu 20 nu tt < 5.104 .cm
+ Khng qu 50 nu tt > 5.104 .cm
Nu t thit b chng st ngay trn cng trnh v nhng cng trnh khng thng xuyn c
ngi hoc lm vic, tr s in tr ni t xung kch qui nh nh sau:
+ Khng qu 20 nu tt < 5.104 .cm
+ Khng qu 50 nu tt 5.104 .cm
Nu t thit b chng st trn cng trnh c ngi hoc lm vic thng xuyn th in tr
ni t xung kch qui nh nh sau:
+ Khng qu 10 nu tt < 5.104 .cm
+ Khng qu 30 nu tt > 5.104 .cm
Nh c mi kim loi, c php dng mi lm b phn thu nu chiu dy ca mi:
+ Ln hn 4mm vi cng trnh c nguy c n, chy.
+ Ln hn 3,5mm vi cng trnh t c nguy c n, chy.
Mi kim loi phim bo gn kt dn in ton mi v c 20 30m li ni vi dy dn st
xung b phn ni t, ton nh t nht c 2 dy ni xung b phn ni t.
Cn kim tra thit b chng st t ngay trn cng trnh:
+ Cc b phn dn in ca thit b chng st pha trn mt t phi t xa cc ng ng,
ng dy in lc, in thoi, ng ten dn vo cng trnh v cc b phn kim loi c kch
thc ln ca cng trnh vi khong cch ti thiu l 2m. Vi nhng b phn kim loi ca
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 cng trnh nu khng thc hin c khong cch nu trn th cho php ni chng vi thit b
chng st nhng phi thc hin ng th tng tng.
+ Khong cch trong t t cc b phn kim loi ca thit b chng st ti cc ng ng
kim loi, ng cp ngm dn vo cng trnh khng c nh hn 3m. Nu khng m bo
c th c ni chng vi nhau ni gn nht nhng phi gim tr s in tr ni t cn
1 . Trng hp ny nht thit phi s dng cp dn in vo nh l loi c v kim loi sau
ni phn v kim loi vi b phn ni t ca chng st.
2. Quy cch v cc yu cu v thit b chng st:
Kim thu st:
C th lm bng thp trn, thp dt, thp ng hoc thp gc vi tit din ca phn kim loi
mi kim khng nh hn 100 mm2 (nu thp dt, b dy khng nh hn 3,5mm; nu thp ng, b
dy khng nh hn 3mm) v chiu di hiu dng ca kim khng ngn hn 200mm. Cng trnh
c kim thu st nm mi trng c n mn, tit din nh kim khng nh hn 150mm2 (thp dt
chiu dy khng nh oh7n 4mm v thp ng, chiu dy thnh ng khng mng hn 3,5mm).
Dy thu st:
- Tit din khng c nh hn 50mm2. Dy cng khng nn lm c tit din ln hn 75mm2
v phi c sn dn in. Dy thu st t mi trng khng kh c ha cht n mn th
tit din phi m n 75mm2. Dy thu st c th to thnh hnh li t trn cc bng
thp trn cch nhau t 1 1,5m v phi t cao trn mi cng trnh t nht 0,6m.
- Cc dy hoc li thu st phi c kim tra m bo cho:
+ Mi khng b chc thng sinh dt,
+ Khng lm h hng cc lp chng thm,
+ Khng cn tr n vic thot nc trn mi khi ma,
+ Dy khng cng qu v khi dy qua khe ln phi c on un cong t 100mm n
200mm.
Dy dn, dy ni v cu ni:
- Dy dn st xung t c th lm bng thp trn, thp dt tit din khng c nh hn
35mm2 v b dy thp dt khng c nh hn 3mm. Nu t b phn thu st ch t mt dy
dn xung t th tit din dy ny khng c nh hn 50mm2.
- Nhng ni mi trng khng kh c ln ha cht n mn th tit din khng nh hn 50mm2
v thp dt khng nh hn 3,5mm.
- Cu ni v dy ni ca thit b chng st v ai san bng in p c th lm bng thp trn,
thp dt tit din khng nh hn 28mm2 v b dy thp dt khng mng hn 3mm. Ni
khng kh c ha cht n mn tit din dy khng b hn 35mm2 v thp dt khng mng
hn 3,5mm.
- Dy ni, cu ni v dy dn cn c sn chng g.
- Dy ni t b phn thu st xung b phn tip t phi chn l no ngn nht.
- Khong cch cc cc dy gn kt vo cng trnh phi nh hn 1,5m v khong cch t
dy n mt kt cu phi ln hn 50mm.
- Hai u dy ca b phn ni v b phn tip t phi hn vi hai thanh ni bng thp dt dy
trn 6mm, rng trn 30mm c l bt bu lng ni vi s l t nht l 2 lp 2 bu lng ni loi
M12. Khong cch gia 2 l bu lng l 40mm.
B phn ni t chng st:
B phn ni t chng st c th lm bng thp trn, thp dt, thp ng vi phn tit din kim
loi khng nh hn 100mm2. (b dy thp dt, thp gc v thnh ng khng mng hn 4mm).
Nu t c tnh cht n mn th tit din trn phi ln hn 100mm2.
Cn kim tra li tr s in tr sut ca t ti hin trng, thng thng nn chn hnh thc ni
t theo ch dn di y:
- Khi tr s in tr sut t khng ln qu 3.104 .cm th s dng hnh thc ni t cc
chn thng ng, chiu di cc t 2,5m n 3m, u trn ca cc phi ng ngp su trong
t t 0,5 9,8m.
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 + Nu lp t su c in tr nh, t 3.104 .cm tr xung hoc c mch nc ngm
cn s dng hnh thc cc chn su v c th tng chiu di cc n 6m.
+ Trng hp lp t trn c tr s in tr nh, cc lp t di l , si hoc c in tr
sut ln th dng hnh thc ni t ni t thnh tia t nm ngang theo kiu ni t ko di
chn su 0,5 0,8m di mt t, chiu di mi thanh khng nn ly qu tr s chiu di
ti hn, ng vi cc tr s in tr sut nh bng sau y:
,..Cm <5.104 5.104 10.104 20.104 40.104
Lth, m 25 35 50 80 100

- Khi in tr sut ca t t 3 n 7.104 .Cm , cn s dng hnh thc ni t hn hp. Cc

cc ch nn ng trong khong 2/3 chiu di ca thanh, tnh t u thanh, pha ni vi dy
xung.
- Khi tr s in tr sut ca t ln hn 7.104 .Cm hoc t c nhiu tng, va cho
php ko di thanh ti ch c tr s in tr sut nh nh h, ao, sng, sui nhng khng
nn ko qu 100m.
- C th dng bin php nhn to ci thin dn in nhng vng c in tr sut cao.
Mt trong nhng iu ht sc ch khi kim tra cht lng h chng st l kim tra cht lng
mi hn. Mi hn phi m bo chiu di ng hn, m bo khng r, khng ngt qung,
khng bt x, chiu cao ng hn phi p ng y .
3. Kim tra v nghim thu h thng chng st:
3.1. Trnh t:
Kim tra v nghim thu h chng st phi tin hnh theo 2 giai on: kim tra phn t ngm v
kim tra ton b. Trc khi lp t phi kim tra k phn s b lp t kn v lp h s ghi nhn.
3.2. Ban ngim thu:
- i din ch u t (ch tch ban nghim thu).
- i din c quan thi cng.
- i din c quan thit k.
3.3. Ni dung kim tra:
Nhng ni dung cn kim tra v nu thnh vn bn nh sau:
- Vt liu v quy cch vt liu s dng trong cc b phn chng st.
- bn c hc v dn in ca cc mi hn, mi ni.
- S lin h gia h thng bo v chng st vi cc b phn kim loi khng mang in c sn
bn trong hoc bn ngoi cng trnh.
- Khong cch an ton cho php trong khng kh v trong t.
- Bin php gii quyt khi c on dy dn cn gp khc, un cong, bng qua khe ln, khe
nhit
- Bin php chng han g, chng va chm c hc, chng dt cho mi.
- Bin php lp t v tr s in tr tn dng in tn s cng nghip ca b phn ni t.
3.4. Lp h s nghim thu:
- Thu thp y v thit k v thuyt minh thit k.
- Vn bn th nghim in tr sut hin trng. Cc kt qu o c trong qu trnh kim tra chi
tit cc b phn.
- Cc vn bn nghim thu cng trnh khut, kn hay b lp.
- Vn bn kt lun sau tng t, giai on kim tra.
- Vn bn kt lun cui cng v nhng lu chung v tnh trng ca h thng chng st bo
v cng trnh v nhng kt lun chung v s dng.
III. GIM ST THI CNG V NGHIM THU CNG TC LP T THANG MY
TRONG NH V CNG TRNH DN DNG
1. Nhng vn chung v thang my:
Phn loi thang my s dng trong nh v cng trnh cng cng:

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- Loi I: Thang my chuyn ch ngi.
- Loi II: Thang my ch ngi nhng c k n hang ho m ngi em theo.
- Loi III: Thang my ch ging chuyn dng trong bnh vin.
- Loi IV: Thang my chuyn ch hang ho nhng c ngi i km hng ho.
- Loi V: Thang my iu khin ngoi cabin chuyn ch hng ho m khng c ngi i km.
1.1. Kim tra h s ca thang my:
a. Thang my nhp khu: H s ca thang nhp khu phi c:
- H s k thut gc.
- Phi ph hp vi tiu chun an ton ca Vit Nam.
- Cc chi tit my i km phi ng b, nu cc chi tit c ch to theo dng lin kt nhiu
hng, nhiu quc gia thi vic m bo quy cch k thut phi do hng ng tn thang my
phi chu trch nhim. Cn kim tra k cc chi tit:
+ Cp thp, xch chu ti.
+ Ray dn hng cho cabin v i trng.
+ Puli dn ng, dn hng.
+ H hm iu khin, dng tng.
+ H hm an ton.
+ C cu khng ch an ton, tn hiu bo v.
b. Thang my sn xut trong nc:
- n v sn xut thang my phi c cp php ring m khng s dng giy php chung cho
ngnh c kh.
- Thang my c ch to theo tiu chun k thut hin hnh v tiu chun TCVN
5744:19932 Thang my Yu cu an ton trong lp t v s dng. Thang my ch to
hng lot phi tun theo mu th nghim v phi c h s k thut gc.
- Cc chi tit phi nhp hoc lin kt vi nc ngoi ch to phi ghi r cc thng s c bn
v qui cch k thut trong h s.
1.2. Php nhn lp t:
- n v lp t phi c php do c quan chc nng c thm quyn cp php hot ng.
- C cn b k thut c o to theo chuyn ngnh.
- C i ng cng nhn k thut lnh ngh, c hun luyn c bn v nh k v k thut an
ton.
- C iu kin k thut lnh ngh, kh nng cng ngh cho cng tc lp t, iu chnh v
sa cha.
1.3. H s v trch nhim:
a. H s k thut bn lp t bn giao cho n v s dng:
- L lch gc.
- Hng dn vn hnh v s dng an ton.
- Hng dn ch bo dng, kim tra, khc phc s c.
- Phn cp trch nhim v quy nh chu k iu chnh, bo dng, sa cha, khc phc s c
gia n v lp t v s dng.
b. Hi ng k thut tham gia nh gi cng tc th nghim:
- C quan cp ng k s dng.
- i din c quan lp t.
- i din n v hay c nhn s dng.
Kt qu th nghim c nh gi bng vn bn c y ch k ca cc thnh vin v ng
du ca c quan lp t.
1.4. Cng tc chun b:
- n v lp t phi phi hp vi bn xy dng phn ging thang cha sn l t cc b
phn in lin quan n s dng nh cc l lp nt gi, tn hiu bo tng,
- Kim tra cht lng xy dng v ch tin hnh lp khi phn xy khng cn khuyt tt v p
ng cc yu cu tiu chun thit k.
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- B tr cc sn thao tc bng g, lp t tng di ln, dc theo chiu cao ging thang, khong
cch t gia cc sn thao tc khng qu 3m. C thang tre ln xung gia cc tng sn thao
tc.
- Che chn tt c cc ca tng v lp rp t mt sn dng ln cao khng di 1,1m; che
kn st ln sn khng di 1,5m. Cc b phn che chn phi c nh chc vo tng.
- Ko n thi cng vo tng tng trong ging thang v vo bung my. Dng loi in p
khng qu 42V v chiu sng hn 50 lux. Cc n si t mc pha trn sn thao tc,
khng cn tr thao tc thi cng.
- Kim tra s lng chi tit v m bo cc chi tit phi ng b, lp v m bo cht
lng.
- Kim tra dn in, thng mch, cch in,
- Kim tra mt ln na h s l thut - lp rp. Phi y trang b bo h lao ng, phng
chng chy, v c bn ni quy an ton lp t treo ti ni thi cng.
1.5. Yu cu chung v lp t:
- Trong ging thang v bung my khng c lp: ng ng nc, dy in khng lin
quan,
- Bung my phi thng thong, kh ro v che kn bi. H ging phi khng ro, khng c
nc thm t ngoi vo. Ca bung my phi c kho v lp trc khi a thit b vo
bung.
- Khong h gia dy cp v mp l la cp phi cch nhau phi cch nhau >25mm. Khong
khe h gia ca tng v bc ca cabin khng c qu 25mm vi thang iu khin t cabin
v vi cabin khng c ca; khng qu 35mm vi cc loi thang khc. chnh xc dng
mi im dng phi m bo trong gii hn 20mm i vi loi dng trong bnh vin, cht
hng bng xe v 50mm vi cc loi khc.
- Khong cch gia nhng im gn nht ca cc b phn khng c di:
+ 50mm gia cabin v i trng.
+ 50mm gia cabin, i trng vi vch ngn tng li thp.
+ 25mm gia cabin, i trng vi vch ngn kn ca ging pha khng c ca cabin
(15mm vi thnh ging khng c nhng b phn li lm).
+ 10mm gia bc ca tng v bc ca cabin, gia cc chi tit nh ln ca ca tng v ca
cabin, khng k cc chi tit kho ca tng cng cc b phn lin quan cabin.
+ 10mm gia cc chi tit nh ln ca cabin (i trng) vi cc phn kt cu ray dn hng,
k cc cc chi tit kp cht ray.
- Khong cch gia cnh ca tng vi cnh ca cabin khng vt qu 120mm.
- Khong cch t cc phn thp nht ca trn, ging thang hoc cc thit b lp di trn n
mt nc cabin, khi i trng trn cc t cng hoc trn gim chn nn tn cng khng
c di 750mm.
- Khong khng gian pha di cabin n y h ging, khi cabin ln cc t cng hoc
trn gim chn nn tn cng khng c di 500mm.
1.6. Cc yu cu v k thut an ton:
Phi tun th nghim Quy phm k thut an ton trong xy dng TCVN 5308: 1991, Tiu chun
an ton in trong xy dng TCVN 4086: 1985, Quy phm k thut an ton thit b nng TCVN
4244: 1986, Yu cu chung v an ton trong hn in TCVN 3146: 1986 v An ton chy TCVN
3254: 1979; ng thi phi tun th nghim tc n chi tit cc ch dn:
- Cc vic xy trc hon thin phi tin hnh sau khi lp t xong thit b. Vic trt tng
ging thang (nu thit k c yu cu) phi tin hnh trc khi lp thang.
- Vic chy th khi ng, hiu chnh thit b c, in, iu khin, h thng kim tra, tn hiu
ch c tin hnh sau khi hon thnh cng tc xy trc hon thin. Khng c ng thi
lp thang my vi thi cng xy dng hoc lp my khc cao khc nhau trong khu vc
ging thang.

8
 - Khi hiu chnh cc chi tit phi m bo nhit trong bung thang v ging thang khng
c qu 400C v thp hn 50C.
- Vic hn trong lp t phi do th hn bc 4/7 c chng ch tin hnh. Phi che chn bo v
thit b trnh tc ng nhit v x hn. Khng c hn dy in khi t dy. Mi chi tit
my chun b lp t c xp ngn np, bo qun cn thn.
- Tuyt i tun th cc yu cu v an ton v v sinh lao ng. Phi c t t hai ngi tr ln
ti hin trng mi c thi cng. Phi i m bo h lao ng v mang gng, i ng cch
in. Khng c lm vic trong hay trn nc cabin khi cabin ang chuyn ng. Khi c
ngi trong cabin khng c th b hm an ton.
1.7. Qui tc c bn khi nghim thu sau lp t:
- Nhng vic chun b cho nghim thu:
+ Hon chnh b h s.
+ Chun b cho thang my sn sng hot ng.
+ Chun b ti v m bo cc iu kin nghim thu.
- Mc tiu nghim thu:
+ t cc thng s k thut v kch thc vi cc s liu ghi trong h s k thut.
+ Vn hnh an ton.
- Cc thng s k thut cn kim tra:
+ Trng ti.
+ Vn tc lm vic v vn tc chm.
+ chnh xc dng thang cc tng.
+ Din tch sn cabin ca thang ch ngi.
- Cc qu trnh kim tra:
+ Quan st bng mt thng v nghe c nhn xt s b v hnh dng, v tr, qu trnh
vn hnh v nhn nhn tng th.
+ Th khng ti.
+ Th ti tnh. Vic th ti tnh c thc hin theo cch cabin tng thp nht, gi ti
trong 10 pht vi s vt ti so vi quy nh nh sau:
50% vi thang my c tang cun cp v dng xch lm dy ko.
100% vi thang c puli dn cp.
C th thay th th ti tnh bng cch 3 ln di chuyn cabin i xung vi ti trng vt ti
quy nh l 50%.
+ Th ti ng. Vic th ti ng bng cch cht ti vt ti quy nh 10% ri cho cabin
ln xung 3 ln nhm kim tra tin cy khi c ti v hot ng ca b phanh hm an
ton, b hn ch vn tc v b gim chn.
- Nhng b phn cn c lu khi kim tra:
+ B dn ng (xem nhit c tng hay khng, mc pht nhit ra sao, du c b chy
khng, phanh hm hot ng th no)
+ Thit b in.
+ Cc thit b an ton (cng tc hnh trnh, nt stop, kho t ng ca tng, sn ng ca
cabin).
+ B iu khin, chiu sng v tn hiu.
+ Phn bao che ging thang.
+ Cabin, h i trng, ray dn hng.
+ Ca cabin v ca tng.
+ Cp (xch) v phn neo kp u cp (xch).
+ Bo v in.
+ cch in ca thit b in v dy dn.
Ngoi ra, cn ch n cc khong cch an ton, s in v cc dng c cn thit trong
bung my, cc nhn hiu ca nh sn xut, ch trn cc bng tn hiu, bng iu khin.
2. Thang my in:
9
2.1. Ging thang:
- Ging thang phi c kt cu bao che kn, trn v sn. t ging ch c cc l tr ra chung
quanh nh: ca tng, ca kim tra, ca cu h, l ca sp kim tra, l thot kh v khi
do ho hon, l thng gi, l thng gia ging vi bung my hoc bung puli.
- Tng th ging thang phi chu c cc ti trng c th tc ng do:
+ T my, t ray.
+ Thit b gim chn, chng ny, b hm bo him.
+ Ti lch tm ln cabin.
+ Khi cht ti v d ti cabin.
- Vch, sn, trn ging thang phi dng vt liu chng chy, tui th cao, khng bi bm v
bn c hc.
- Kch thc hnh hc phi m bo nghim ngt cc ch tiu:
- Trn mt bng, t tm ging o v mi bn so vi kch thc ghi trn bn v, v khng c
vt cc gi tr sau:
+ 25mm i vi ging thang c chiu cao n 30m.
+ 35mm i vi ging thang c chiu cao t 30m n 60m.
+ 35mm i vi ging thang c chiu cao t trn 60m n 90m.
- Sai lch gia hai ng cho ca ging thang trn cng mt mt ct ngang ca ging thang
khng c qu 25mm.
- Mt ging lp nhiu thang th khong ngn cch ti thiu gia hai phn ging lp hai thang
k nhau l 200mm.
- Theo mt ct dc thang, sai lch chiu cao bung nh ging khng c qu + 25mm. Sai
lch chiu su h thang khng c qu +25mm.
- i vi khoang ca tng:
- Sai lch chiu rng o t ng trc ng trc i xng v mi bn khng c qu
+25mm, sai lch chiu cao khng qu +25mm, sai lch v tr ng trc i xng ca mi
khoang ca tng so vi ng trc thng ng chung ng vi tm ging thang khng c
qu 10mm.
2.2. Bung my v bung puli:
- Bung my v bung puli ch dnh ring lp t my mc, cc thit b i km theo v puli
ca thang my. Khng b tr cc ng dn , cp in hoc cc thit b khc khng trc tip
phc v thang my. Khng kt hp bung my v bung puli thang my vi cc vic khc.
C th xem xt:
+ Cho lp my dn ng ca thang hng hoc thang cun.
+ H iu ho khng kh phc v thang.
+ Cm bin bo chy v bnh bt t ng c nhit tc ng thch hp vi cc thit b
in v phi c bo v chng va chm c hc.
- Ca li vo c chiu cao thong khng t hn 1,8m, ngng ca cao khng qu 0,4m. Li ln
cc bung ny cn lm bc ln kiu xy.
- Pha trc cc t v bng iu khin phi c din tch tnh t mt ngoi t hay bng tr ra
khng nh hn 0,7m, chiu rng ng bng chiu rng ca t hay bng.
- Nu bung my c cc cao sn chnh nhau trn 40cm th phi lm bc thang v phi c
tay vn nu ti khu vc khng c cc my mc chuyn ng. Pha trc cc b phn puli
chuyn ng phi c khong cch thong n cc vt khc t ra 30cm. Khi sn c rnh su
trn 50cm v hp hn 50cm c hoc khng c ng ng bn trong cng phi c tm ph
y.
2.3. Ca tng:
- Phi lp ca kn, m bo bn c hc, an ton v chu la trn 1 gi.
- Chiu cao thng thu t nht phi m bo 2m. Chiu rng khng rng hn 50mm v mi
bn so vi chiu rng ca ca cabin.

10
- Ngng ca phi bn chu ti trng truyn qua khi cht ti vo cabin. Mt trn
ngng ca b tr dc ra pha ngoi nc khng chy vo cabin.
- m bo khng th xy ra kh nng b kt, khng trt khi dn hng hoc vt khi gii
hn hnh trnh di chuyn.
- Ca la ngang phi c dn hng c trn v di. Ca la ng phi c dn hng c hai
cnh. Ca la ng hai cnh phi treo vo hai h dy ring bit v dy treo m bo an
ton l 8 tr ln. Nu treo bng puli th puli treo c ng knh ln hn dy treo trn 25 ln.
Cp hoc xch treo phi c kt cu bo v chng bt khi rnh puli hoc trt khp vi a
xch.
- m bo ca ch m khi cabin dng ng tng, thang khng th chy khi mt ca no
ang m, cabin khng th di chuyn khi chi tit kho ca cha gi su t nht c 7mm.
2.4. Cabin, i trng, kt cu treo v ray dn hng:
- Chiu cao trong lng cabin khng c nh hn 2m. Chiu cao thng thu khoang ca vo
cabin khng c nh hn 2m.
- Cabin phi c bao che hon ton bng vch, sn, nc v khng c s dng vt liu d
chy cng nh cc vt liu bc mi, bc kh, khi c hi. Phi m bo bn c hc, chu
c cc ti tc ng v pht sinh trong qu trnh vn hnh nh c tc ng ca cc b phn
hm bo him hoc khi cabin va mnh xung gim chn.
- Nc cabin c th chu c trng lng 1000N trn din tch 0,2 x 0,2m m khng c bin
dng d, c ch ng, din tch ti thiu 0,12m2 m cnh nh khng b hn 25cm, c lan can
bo v ti nhng mp cnh cabin cch vch ging trn 30cm.
- Ti ngng ca cabin phi c tm chn chn chy sut chiu rng khoang. Tm chn chn c
c np g ln pha sn cabin v chm xung di mc sn cabin khng t hn 75 cm.
- Mi li vo cabin phi c ca cabin. Ca cabin phi m bo bn c hc, kn kht v khi
ng ca phi che kn li vo, hn ch ti a tc hi khi kt phi ngi, qun o hay vt
hoc khi chuyn ng va phi ngi. Mt trong ca la khng c rnh su hay g ni qu
3mm, mp g u lm vt, v trn trnh cnh st khi va ngi. Cn trang b chng kt
phng khi ang ng gp chng ngi th phi i chiu chuyn ng m tr li, v cabin
phi gi nguyn v tr.
- Cabin phi c cc l thng gi pha trn v pha di, c chiu sng lin tc bng nh sng
trn 50lux ln mt sn v thit b iu khin.
- Kt cu treo cabin v i trng cn c kim tra k theo thit k. Cp thp phi m bo
bn trn 1570 N/mm2 vi cp m cc si c bn nh nhau v nu cp c si ngoi bn
b hn si trong th bn si ngoi khng b hn 1370N/mm2 v si trong c bn 1770
N/mm2.
- H s an ton ca dy dn ng ma st vi ba dy cp tr ln l 12, vi hai dy cp l 16, v
dn ng bng tang lun cp th h s an ton bng 12.
- Puli v a xch phi c trang b bo v trnh xy ra cc hin tng gy thng tch cho
ngi, trnh xy ra cp bt khi puli khi b trng hoc vt l ri vo khe gia cp v puli.
- Ray dn hng phi c t nht l hai ray cng bng thp. Nu tc vt qu 0,4 m/s th ray
dn hng phi lm bng thp cn ko hoc b mt ma st phi gia cng.
2.5. Khong cch an ton: Theo phng ngang:
- Gia ngng ca, khun ca cabin (hoc mp ca trong trng hp ca la) vi vch ging
thang khng c nh hn 0,15m.
- Gia ngng ca cabin vi ngng ca tng khng c ln hn 35mm.
- Gia ngng ca cabin vi ngng ca tng khi vn hnh ng m, cng nh khi ng
hn khng c ln 0,12m. Trong trng hp phi hp ca tng kiu bn l vi ca cabin l
ca gp, khong cch gia hai ca ng phi sao cho khn th b lt vin bi ng knh
0,15m vo bt k khe h no gia hai ca.
- Gia cc phn nh ra xa nht ca cabin vi i trng phi khng nh hn 0,05m.

11
 - Sai lch dng tng ca cabin khng c ln hn 25mm, ring i vi thang ch bnh nhn
v thng cht hng bng xe th sai lch dng tng cho php l 15mm.
2.6. Thit b an ton c kh:
- Gm b hm bo him, b khng ch vt tc, gim chn cabin v i trng.
- B hm bo him t phn di thp ca cabin.
- B khng ch vt tc pht ng cho b hm bo him cabin hot ng khi vn tc i xung
ca cabin t gi tr bng 115% vn tc nh mc.
3. Thang my thu lc:
Nhng vn cn kim tra vi thang my thu lc tng t nh thang my in:
a. Ging thang.
b. Bung my v bung puli.
c. Ca tng.
d. Cabin, i trng, kt cu treo v ray dn hng.
e. Cc khong cch an ton.
f. Thit b an ton c kh.
g. My dn ng v cc thit b thu lc.
h. Cc thit b in.
4. Phn in ca thang my:
4.1. Cch t dy dn in v dy dn in trong bung li.
a. Phi dng dy dn hay cp cch in bng cao su hoc loi cch in tng t.
b. Nh nht l dy 1,5mm2 (rut ng), 2,5mm2 (rut nhm). S dng dy rut ng cc
mch iu khin t hng kp u dy ca cc tng v hng kp u dy trong bung thang
n cc thit b bo him, v cc mch d hng do phi chu va p hay rung ng thng
xuyn (kho chuyn mch tng, tip im ca, cng tc ca cc thit b bo him)
c. Khi lp bng iu khin, cc thit b v cc dy ni chng vi hng kp u dy, phi dng
cc dy dn hay cp rut ng loi nhiu si c mt ct nh nht 0,5mm2.
d. Mi u dy dn phi c k hiu theo thit k:
- Dy dn in vo bung thang phi l dy cp mm nhiu rut hay dy mm nhiu si, c
lng trong mt ng chung bng cao su mm. Phi c t nht 2 rut cp hoc 2 dy dn d
phng.
- Cc cp v ng mm phi chu c ti trng c hc do trng lng bn thn.
- Cc cp v ng mm lng dy dn phi c b tr v c nh m bo bung thang
chuyn ng chng khng b c st vo cc kt cu thang. Cp thp trong ging thang khi
dn in bng nhiu cp hay nhiu ng mm th nn b chng li vi nhau.
- Trm t phi t thng ng, nghing cho php theo phng thng ng khng c qu
5mm.
- Cc hp v bng t thit b phi c c nh chc chn.
4.2. Ni t cho phn in ca thang my:
a. Ni t nhng b phn bng kim loi c th mang in p khi cch in b hng.
b. Cc u ng v v bc bng kim loi u phi c ni tt bng cch hn (c th lm thiu).
c. Dng mt trong cc rut cp hay rut trong cc dy dn cp in. Nn li dng mn chn
kim loi ca cp v cp thp chu lc ni t b sung.
d. Khi b phn truyn ng, thang my v cc thit b c t trn cc m gim sc v m
cch m th cc dy ni t phi c cc vng b tr.
e. Cc bung dn hng bng kim loi, cc i trng v cc kt cu kim loi ca ro chn
ging thang.
Khi h thng ni t hon thnh, kim tra s lin mch v in gia cc b phn c ni
t v dy ni t ni vo thang my. Khng c nhng ch t mch, nhng ch tip xc
xu

12
IV. GIM ST THI CNG V NGHIM THU H THNG THNG GI, IU HO
KHNG KH, CP LNH
1. Cng tc ch to ng dn kh:
- Da vo thit k kim tra kch thc ca ng ng. Tit din trn hay tit din ch nht
th s dng kch thc ngoi lm chun o. Mi on ng lp khuych i nn c chiu
di t 1,8 - 2,5m, loi gia cng hn hay lin kt bng bulng nhng cng khng nn lm
nhng on ln hn 4m.
- Cc m ghp cn phi m bo ng thit k.
- ng phi c mt ngoi u n, phng hoc cong u, khe ghp kn kht, mch ni theo
chiu dc phi so le.
- Sai s cho php ca ng knh ngoi hoc cnh ngoi c php nh sau:
+1mm nu kch thc cnh ln (hoc ng knh) ng nh hn hoc bng 300mm.
+2mm nu kch thc cnh ln (hoc ng knh) ng ln hoc bng 300mm.
- Sai s cho php ca ng knh trong ca mt bch trn hoc cnh di trong ca mt bch tit
din ch nht l +2mm, khng bng phng khng qu 2mm.
- Da vo kch thc quy nh trong thit k kim tra cch ghp ni ng gi vi mt bch,
mt cun bn knh cong v s t ti thiu ca mt ngoi tit din trn.
- Chc ba, chc t ca ng thng gi tit din trn th gc kp nn l 150 n 600. Sai s cho
php ca gc kp phi nh hn 30.
- Vt liu lm ng thng gi do thit k ch nh theo yu cu ca ch u t. Cn ch cht
lng vt liu, ng hn v mt bch. Da vo quy nh v qui cch ming vt v mi hn,
quy cch vt liu lm mt bch, kim tra tnh nguyn vn ca vt liu s dng, dy, cht
lng gia cng.
2. Ch to cc ph kin ca h thng ng gi:
a. Ca gi:
- B mt phi bng phng, sai s so vi kch thc thit k khng qu 2mm, chnh lch gia
hai ng cho ca ca gi khng qu 3mm.
- Cc b phn iu chnh phi linh hot, tm l cn bng khng c va chm vo khung bin
sao cho khi ng, m ca gi phi em v kn ht mc.
- Cc l gi phi xp u n, tm ca trc hai u phi trn cng mt ng thng, inh tn
vi khung bin phi cht. Nu l loi quay th b phn hot ng phi nh nhng, linh hot,
kt cu chc chn.
b. Cc loi van:
- Van phi chc chn, cc b phn iu chnh phi linh hot, chnh xc, tin cy.
- Van nhiu l phi kht v c ly u n.
- Van phng ho khng c bin dng khi chu la, dy khng nh hn 2mm. B phn
quay trong bt k trng hp no cng phi quay d dng. Cu ch ca van phng ho phi
c kim nghim. Nhit iu chnh phi ph hp vi thit k, sai s cho php l -20C,
cu ch phi t pha n gi ca van.
- Cnh van khi ng phi kn kht, ngn c lung khng kh theo p sut quy nh.
c. Chp ht v cc b phn khc:
- Kch thc phi chnh xc nh thit k, ch ni phi chc chn. Cnh v ngoi phi kh ht
cc ch sc cnh.
- M gi phi theo ng tiu chun, trng tm m gi quay phi cn bng.
- ng ni nu khng c yu cu th c th lm bng vi bt hay gi da. Nu trong ng ni c
nc hoc m th bn trong vi bt phi qut lp cao su chng nc. Nu kh dn c tnh n
mn th s dng vt liu chng c n mn nh qut nha cao su chu axit hoc nha
polyvinyl clorit.
3. Ch to cc b phn x l khng kh:
a. Bung x l nhit m khng kh:

13
 - B nc trong ngn phun x l nhit m khng kh phi m bo khng r r. Dung tch b
phi cha nc bung phun c th hot ng t nht l 1015 pht. Chiu cao mc nc
sao cho ph kn li lc nc. Gc gp ca tm chn nc phi ph hp yu cu thit k, sai
s cho php ca di v rng l 2mm. C ly cnh phi u, s lin kt gia tm chn
nc vi tm c nh hnh lc phi cht ch, hp l. Phi t tm chn ngp vo trong nc
ch tm chn nc tip xc vi mt nc. Tm chn nc lp ghp phn tng, mi tng
phi c t mt b phn ngn nc. Chi tit c nh tm chn nc phi x l chng n mn.
b. B lc khng kh:
dy v cht ca vt liu lc phi ph hp yu cu thit k, khung phi bng phng, vung
gc. Truc khi lp tm nha xp vo b lc phi thng l bng dung dch kim nng 5%.
c. Ch to ng tiu m:
- Vt liu phi ph hp vi cc yu cu chng chy, chng n mn v chng m. Tm c l
phi bng phng, hng l phi thng, b mt trn nhn.
- H khung phi chc chn, ch ni vch ngn vi thnh ng phi kn kht.
- Vt liu ht bn trong ng phi u n v chc chn, b mt phi bng phng.
d. B phn ht bi:
- Sai s cho php v kch thc ng knh ng tit din trn hoc cnh ng tit din ch nht
khng c qu 5%. Cc mt trong v ngoi phi trn, nhn. ng vo v ra phi phng,
thng, ng thi tit din trn phi ng trc vi thn cn di, lch tm khng qu 2mm.
Phn v khi lp ghp phi bng phng, mi ni xen nhau, b mt hn khng c l r,
khng c c bt kh, khng c kp vi, rn nt.
4. Thi cng lp t ng dn kh v cc ph kin:
- Trong ng ng gi v cc b phn khc khng c ko dy in, cp in v cc loi ng
dn kh c hi, kh d chy, d n v cht lng.
- Mi ni c th tho c khng c b tr trong sn v trong tng.
- Lp t ng gi ca h thng ht kh thi v ht bi tin hnh sau khi lp cc thit b m
chng phi phc v.
- Cc chi tit ch, chn sn hoc bulng n ca gi treo, gi phi v tr chnh xc, chc
chn, cc phn chn chm th khng c sn v phi lm sch ht du m.
- Kt cu nh gi treo, chng v ng ng thng gi khng c bo n nu khng c
quy nh ring th lm nh sau:
+ Lp ng ng nm ngang, ng knh hoc di cnh ln ca ng gi < 400mm th
khong cch 4m, 400mm th c ly 3m. Khong cch gia hai im ng ng
4m. Cc kt cu khng t vo v tr c ca gi, ca van v ca kim tra. Gi treo
khng c treo trc tip vo mt bch ng. Vt liu lm giong phi theo ng thit k.
+ Khi lp ng nm ngang, chnh lch cao 3mm cho 1m v tng chnh lch 20mm.
Khi lp ng gi ng nghing 3mm cho 1m ng v tng nghing 20mm.
+ Khi lp nhng ng mm cn ch mi ni phi cht, khng xon, lch.
5. Thi cng lp t trang thit b ca h thng thng gi v iu ho khng kh:
a. Qut gi:
- t v tr d lui ti vn hnh, bo dng, v sa cha.
- Mi b phn truyn ng phi c bo v hp l. Cc mi lin kt u vo v u ra b tr
sao cho khng gim p qu mc hay to ra dng qun.
- Sai s khi lp t qut thng gi c php nh sau:
+ Sai lch trn mt bng ca ng trung tm: 10mm.
+ V cao so vi thit k: 10mm.
+ Sai lch trn mt bng gia b rng bnh xe dy cuaroa: 1mm.
+ khng cn bng ca bnh xe truyn ng 0,2/100.
+ ng tm ca ng lin trc chuyn dch theo chiu ng knh: 0,05mm.
+ ng tm ca ng lin trc nghing lch theo hng trc: 0,2/10

14
 Trc khi chy th cn kim tra cc yu cu v an ton, khi quay bnh khng thy vng, cht
hay chm qut. Khi chy nhit ca trc bi khng vt qu 700C, nhit cao nht ca trc
bc khng vt 800C.
b. Bung x l nhit m khng kh:
- Cc b gia nhit bng hi hoc nc nng phi lm sch s bn trong ng. Cc b phn c
th h hi do cc iu kin kh hu phi c bo v hp l.
- B phn gia nhit bng in th mi b phn tip xc, dy dn, cc thanh gp bn trong k
c hp s iu khin phi c bc chng m khi chuyn n cng trng.
- Nu gia nhit bng du hoc kh th cc ng dn vo, ra, bung t phi c bo v chng
li bi bn v m.
- Nhng thit b dng khi c qut i ng b, nhng gi , neo gi phi tho mn cc yu
cu t ra v qut phi xoay c mt cch t do.
- Cn kim tra k xem c du hiu h hng hay khng, v kim tra cc iu kin lp t.
c. B lc khng kh:
B lc lp t phi dm bo cc yu cu sau y:
- Sch, khng dnh bi bn.
- t ng hng ca dng khng kh.
- H khung gi b lc phi tht kn kht trnh khng kh i vng quanh b lc.
- Cc chi tit v in ca cc b lc kh t ng, cc b lc tnh in phi tun th cc yu cu
v in. Cc ca to li ra, vo b phn bin p cao p v khu vc t cc dy dn mang in
p cao ca cc b lc tnh in phi trang b cc kho an ton.
d. B tiu m v chng rung:
Vt liu tiu m rt mau b h hng do cc tc ng c hc v b ph hu nu b m nn cn
c bo qun ht sc cn thn trong mi giai on thi cng.
e. Lp my iu ho khng kh dng t: c 2 loi: hp khi v ring r. Cn nghin cu k
ch dn ca nh sn xut v tun th nghim ngt nhng ch dn y.
B phn t trong nh:
- B my phi vng chc.
- Mi ng ng bng ng, bng cht do, bng thp trng km phi lm bo n trnh hin
tng ng sng. Theo chng ch ni in. Cc im cn ch khi kim tra:
+ Cng tc phi ban u v tr tt.
+ kn ca ng dy ni in. Ch m bo dy ni t ng quy cch.
+ chc chn ca h thng .
+ ng thot nc ngng t, m bo cc mi ni phi kn kht.
+ Cu ch cp in theo yu cu ca my.
+ Cp in cho my chy, theo di qu trnh my chy v iu chnh nu cn.
B phn t ngoi nh:
- Kim tra lng dch mi lm lnh np sn trong my. Nu vi thiu phi kim tra s r r ca
ng ng bn trong my.
- Nu t trn mt t th phi t trn k b tng cao hn mt t chung quanh l 100mm,
kch thc b phi rng hn my mi chiu l 50mm. My phi c t trn b b tng
bng l xo hay m cao su.
- Khng gian c tm np bo v ng sau my v ng ly khng kh vo phi thong,
khng c vt cn. Hai pha cn li hai bn phi cch tng, cy hay ca s t nht 300mm.
- m bo nc ma khng chy trc tip vo my. Khng gian t ming thi ra ca my
khng b ngn cn trong phm vi 1,5m v pha trc. t my phi ngang bng v ng phi
c bo n.
- Vic ni v hn phi tun th quy trnh ni v cc quy nh v hn ghi trong h s my. ng
phi sch v kh. Phi ct ng ng bng dao chuyn dng. Lp xong ng ng lnh phi
ht chn khng ng ng v b phn bn trong nh theo quy trnh ht chn khng cho my.
Chy th my t 2 n 12 gi h thng c thi gian n nh sau kim tra qu trnh tra
15
 dch mi cht lng vo my. ng ngng t t trong my ra ngoi phi thng sut v bo n
trnh ng sng.
f. Lp my iu ho khng kh hai cc:
- Kim tra my v hiu chnh my do qu trnh vn chuyn lm sai lch.
- B phn trong nh cn lp chc vo tng hoc trn bng bulng hoc vt n.
- B phn ngoi nh t trn gi chc chn v cn bng. Ming thi ca my khng b cn
tr.
- H thng ng ng bng ng ni b phn bn trong v ngoi nh phi c lp t ng
theo quy trnh lp t ng ng lnh. Khong cch chnh lch cao gia hai b phn
trong v ngoi nh khng c vt qu ch s quy nh trong trong ch dn ca nh ch to.
- Cc ng lnh u c bo n.
- ng thot nc ngng t phi m bo thng sut v x vo ni quy nh.
g. Lp h thng lnh
- Lp my:
+ Da vo quy phm lp t my ni chung v ti liu ca nh ch to kim tra.
+ Kim tra tnh trng my, theo di danh mc cc ph kin, s lng, tnh trng khuyt tt
v hoen g.
+ Kim tra k v kch thc, v tr v cao l bulng v chi tit ch.
+ Sai s v khng bng phng v cc phng khng vt qu 0,2/1000.
- Lp h ng lm lnh:
+ ng, van v cc chi tit phi c lau hoc ra sch s.
+ Cn th p sut ring r cho tng van ng ng dn mi cht lnh. Khng c
nhng ch un cong quay bng ln hoc xung trnh hin tng to ti kh hay ti th
lng m phi cho nhng hnh un nm trong mt phng ngang.
+ ng xuyn qua tng, sn phi c ng lng bao ngoi, mch hn khng c nm trong
ng lng. Khe gia ng v bn trong ng lng phi nhi kn bng vt liu cch nhit hoc
vt liu khng chy. Cn tun th ng quy nh ca nh ch to v chiu dc v dc
ca ng khi lp t.
+ Cc chi tit v van phi m bo lp chnh xc theo ch dn ca nh ch to v v tr,
phng v chiu, khng t thay i hay lp ngc chiu.
+ Khi lp van chn c tay cm th tay cm khng c hng xung di.
+ u cc van in t, van iu tit, van n nhit, van hm kiu ln xung u phi lp
thng ng ln xung u phi lp thng ng ln trn. V tr lp cc van iu tit nhit
v u cm ng nhit phi lp tht chnh xc theo yu cu k thut, tun th ng ch dn
ca nh ch to. u cm ng phi tip xc tt vi ng ng v c bc cch nhit.
h. Chng n mn v cch nhit cho h ng ng:
- Trc khi phun sn lt th mi chi tit c sn phi sch s, kh ro. Sn bao nhiu lp
phi theo ng hng dn ca nh ch to. Nu nhit mi trng thp hn 150C hoc m
t th khng nn sn. Cc lp sn phi m bo mng sn mng u, khng nhn, khng
st, cm, ln bn.
- Khi cc ng ng c kim tra th mi c bo n.
- Thi cng lp cch nhit phi ph hp vi cc yu cu sau:
+ Vt liu s dng phi ng v chng loi, phm cht, dn cht, ri u, khng trn, lng
hay b t.
+ Lp v ngoi bao lp cch nhit bng vt liu cng hoc na cng, phi kn kht, khe h
gia cc mi khng qu 2mm v dng cht keo dnh gn lin li vi nhau. Cc khe ngang
phi so le. Khi lp cch nhit c chiu dy ln hn 100mm th lp cch nhit phi dn
lm hai tng, gia cc tng phi p cht.
+ Lm bng vt liu ri v cht liu mm phi p cht cho t quy nh v dung trng. Khi
buc vt liu giy tm vo ng ng phi m bo khng c khe h cc mi ni.
- Lp chng m phi t cc yu cu:
16
 + Dnh cht ln lp cch nhit, phi bc tht kn, khng c thiu ht, phng kh, gy gp,
rn nt.
+ Phi t t u thp ln u cao ca ng ng. Mi ni gia hai lp theo chiu ngang
phi t sao cho lp pha trn ph ln lp di, khe ni theo chiu dc phi bn cnh
ng ng.
+ Dng vt liu cun lm lp chng m, c th dng kiu cun xon c cun pha trn
lp cch nhit, mp chng gia hai lp nn t 30 50 mm.
+ Nu dng giy du lm lp cch m c th lm bng cch bao cun li, mp chng ni
ca vt liu cun l 50 60mm.
- Lp bo v ngoi cng phi m bo:
+ Khng c lm hng lp chng m.
+ Nu l kim loi th phi x l chng n mn theo yu cu ca thit k nh phi ni chng
ln nhau m ch chng tip xc phi bng 30 40mm. Ch chng tip xc lm cht bng
inh vt t cng, inh tn ko v buc cht.
+ Nu l vt liu qut ph th t l pha trn phi m bo chnh xc, dy u, khng
cm, cn phng nhn v khng c khe nt.
+ Cc ch u ca lp cch nhit phi c x l kn kht.
6. Kim tra h thng thng gi, iu ho khng kh v cp lnh:
a. Kim tra h thng ng dn khng kh:
- Cn th kn kht ca tng on ng, ca nhnh ng trong tng h thng. Phng n th
thng dng l nn khng kh c hm lng khi.
- Ch cho php bc cch nhit khi th xong ng ng.
- Vn hnh th nhm thi b bi bn v tp cht trong ng ng. Thi gian chy th l 2h.
- Kim tra cc tiu ch an ton, bnh xe cng tc, cnh qut v quay d v chiu quay. Nhit
trc bi khng qu 700C v trc bc khng qu 800C.
b. Kim tra ng ca h thng lnh:
- Lm sch tp cht v bi bn bng cch bm thi kh tr (N2).
- Th kn kht ca tng on ng, tng nhnh ng bng cch lp bch cho kn tng on
ng, bm khng kh n p sut quy nh, yu cu khng r r kh. p sut th kn kht
bng 1,5 ln p sut cng tc sau ny nhng khng c nh hn 4 kg/cm2, gi trong 30 pht,
yu cu p sut khng c gim.
- Th p sut ring cho tng van ng ng lnh.
c. Kim tra h thng ng ng nc:
- ng ng c kim tra nh mc (b) trn.
- Vn hnh h thng bm ton b h thng c hot ng tun hon.
- o p lc nc ti cc im u chy, u ht ca trm bm, p lc nc vo v ra ti cc
b phn trao i nhit. Cc ch tiu p lc phi p ng yu cu ghi trong h s ca nh ch
to.
- Kim tra xong, x sch nc trong ng ng v tho ra van lc. Lp li v tin hnh cc
bc kim tra tip.
d. Kim tra b trao i nhit:
- Cn kim tra li vi p sut khng nh hn 1,5 ln p sut khi lm vic cao nht trong thi
gian 2 3 pht m p sut th khng b suy gim.
- Nu cha kim tra ti ni ch to th th nh trn trong thi gian 30 pht.
e. Kim tra s lm vic ca h thng lnh:
- Thi b tp cht, th kn kht, rt chn khng, bm mi cht lnh v chy th, ng thi
cn c vo cc yu cu ghi trong l lch my do nh ch to cung cp.
- Khi chy th khng ti hay c ti th h thng my nn kiu piston phi ph hp vi cc quy
nh sau:
+ Thn my phi gn cht vi b .

17
 + ng h v thit b in c kim nh trc khi lp t v hiu chnh hot
ng chnh xc.
+ Thi gian chy khng ti t nht 2h.
+ Thi gian chy th c ti t nht 4h.
+ Nhit ca du v cc b phn cn ph hp vi cc ch dn k thut ca thit b.
+ Nhit nc gii nhit khng qu 350C ti u vo v 450C ti u ra ca my lnh.
- Cc my kiu ly tm cng cn chy th v cc tiu ch t c phi ph hp vi nh ch to.
- Nc cp cho h tun hon nc lnh v nc gii nhit phi p ng cc yu cu ca my
v:
+ pH: 7,6
+ Hm lng st: 0,05mg/l
+ cng ton phn: 17,8 dH
+ cng cacbonat: 13,5 dH
+ Lng hu c trong mi trng axit: 2,4 mg/l
+ Lng hu c trong mi trng kim: 1,44 mg/l
+ Hm lng magi Mg: 25,7 mg/l
+ Hm lng canxi Ca: 84,4 mg/l
+ Hm lng nhm Al: 3,8 mg/l
+ Hm lng clo Cl: 30,0 mg/l
f. Chy th ton b h thng:
- Nu thit b bm mi cht lnh v ng kn th chy th ti v tr lp t vi thi gian
khng t hn 8h.
- Nu my cha bm mi cht lm lnh th phi tun theo ch dn ca nh ch to thit b v
tun theo cc ch dn:
+ My nn ch hot ng khi vn hnh cc qut gi.
+ Qut gi ch ngng hot ng khi my nn ngng hot ng.
- Vi my iu ho trung tm th:
+ Khi ng h thng nc h thng hot ng tun hon, x sch kh trong h thng.
+ p sut nc trc v sau my iu ho phi ph hp vi thit b.
+ Khi ng h thng nc gii nhit h thng hot ng tun hon i vi my lnh s
dng nc gii nhit.
+ Khi ng my lnh, h thng bm du v qut ngng t hot ng trc khi my nn
hot ng i vi h thng gii nhit bng khng kh.
+ Khi ng qut thi, qut ht tun hon ca cc h thng dn khng kh.
+ Chy th ton b h thng khng t hn 8h.
+ Khi ngng hot ng tun theo trnh t: ngng my nn, sau 2 pht th ngng bm du,
tip theo l ngng qut gi v cui cng l my bm nc.
- Kim tra chi tit ca h thng cn tun theo cc yu cu:
+ Dng kh kh thi b cht bn vi p sut 6kG/cm2. Dng vi trng kim tra, sau 5
pht khng c v bn l hp chun. Sau khi thi phi tho cc rut van ra ty ra, tr
van an ton.
+ Th kn kht trong 24h. Sau 6h u, gim p khng c qu 0,3 kG/cm2, sau 18h
na m p sut khng gim mi t yu cu.
- p sut di khi th chn khng:
+ H ammoniac p sut th nghim khng qu 60 mmHg.
+ H Freon p sut th nghim khng qu 40mmHg.
+ Duy tr ch ny trong 24h vi p sut ca h ammoniac khng thay i. p sut ca
h Freon khng tng hn 4mmHg l t yu cu.
- Bm mi cht lnh va phi vo h thng theo trnh t nh sau:
+ H thng dng ammoniac th tng p n 1 2 kG/cm2 dng giy ch th mu kim tra
r r.
18
 + H thng dng Freon th tng n 2 -3 kG/cm2, dng n x halogen hay my o halogen
kim tra. Ch tng p sut khi khng c hin tng r r.
7. Nghim thu h thng thng gi, iu ho khng kh v cp lnh:
- Hi ng nghim thu gm:
+ Ch u t c k s t vn m bo cht lng l ngi gip vic.
+ n v thi cng.
+ Nh thu chnh
+ T vn thit k cng trnh v cng ngh.
- Cc yu cu nghim thu: da vo s s l yu cu thit k v yu cu s dng ghi trong b
h s mi thu, tiu chun v quy phm ch to, lp t thit b loi ny, tnh an ton v thm
m ca cng trnh.
- H s nghim thu bao gm:
+ Bn v thit k.
+ H s k thut v cc yu cu k thut ca nh ch to lp nn.
+ Bn v hon cng ca h thng thng gi v iu ho khng kh.
+ Chng ch hp chun ca thit b.
+ Cc bin bn kim tra, th nghim, v nghim thu tng phn trong qu trnh ch to v
lp t.
- Bin bn kim tra th nghim cc thng s k thut ca h thng.
- Kim tra chng ch hp chun ca thit b trc khi lp t.
- Khi kim tra h thng cn tin hnh theo trnh t sau;
+ Kim tra bng mt thng ton b h thng ng ng, c thit b chnh, cc chi tit
quan trng ca h thng vn hnh c ti.
+ Kim tra s hot ng ca bn iu khin, vn hnh thit b ca h thng, kim tra quy
trnh hng dn vn hnh ca h thng.
+ K kt vn bn nghim thu nu khng cn hiu chnh hay sa cha.
- Vn bn yu cu c thit lp v lu gia:
+ Thuyt minh thi cng v bin bn hon cng ca h thng.
+ S dng chy cht lng, dng chuyn ng khng kh, s cn bng cho tng my
hon chnh, s vn hnh h thng, bn v cu to v ch dn bo dng tng loi thit
b.
+ S vn hnh my, bn v cu to my v ch dn bo dng.
+ Giy chng nhn xut xng hp chun hoc ti liu kim nghim ca cc loi vt liu
s dng, thit b lp t v khng lp t, thnh phm, bn thnh phm v ng h o.
- H s c lp khi nghim thu bao gm:
+ Bin bn nghim thu lin hp h thng iu ho khng kh.
+ Bin bn th nghim v kim tra cht lng chi tit tng b phn.
+ Bin bn o c kim tra cc thng s k thut.
+ Bin bn th nghim v sinh h thng.

V. GIM ST THI CNG V NGHIM THU H THNG CP NC BN TRONG

NH
1. Quy nh chung:
- H thng cp nc sinh hot phi m bo cp nc c cht lng do Nh nc quy nh.
Nc sn xut v dch v phi p ng cc yu cu cng ngh, khng n mn ng ng v
ph tng, khng lng cn v pht trin cht bm trong ng ng.
- Phi lp ng ng cp nc cha chy trong nh vi cc trng hp:
+ Trong cc nh sn xut.
+ Nh gia nh t 4 tng tr ln, nh tp th, khch sn, ca hng n ung t 5 tng tr
ln.
+ Trong cc nh hnh chnh t 6 tng tr ln. Trng hc t 3 tng tr ln.
19
 + Nh ga, kho tng, cc loi cng trnh cng cng khc, nh ph tr cho cc cng trnh
cng nghip c th tch trn 5000m3.
+ Trong nh ht, rp chiu bng, cu lc b c ch ngi t 300 ch tr ln.
2. H cp nc bn trong:
a. Vt t s dng trong h thng:
- Mi vt t, thit b, ph kin cn c kim tra theo h s thit k.
- ng ng cp nc cho h thng bn trong nh th dng ng thp trng km khi ng
knh ng n 70mm, ng thp khng trng km, ng gang khi ng knh trn 70mm.
- ng ng cp nc cho sn xut c yu cu khc nh lm mm nc, chng ct nc c
th dng ng nha.
- Cc ph kin v thit b ng ng, cc ch ni phi hp cch, s dng d dng, v cn t
v tr d kim tra v sa cha khi cn thit.
- Nhng ng mo, bp, st g khng c s dng. u ren phi c bo qun rng ren
khng b dp hoc mn.
- ng c th ni theo kiu mng song, kiu rcco, hn nhng phi m bo cc quy nh v
mi ni trong quy phm lp rp ng ng. S dng cc vt liu h cao su, ay tm nha
cho cc mi ni nhng phi m bo kn kht khi th p lc.
b. Lp t:
- H thng ng ng i ngm di t phi c thit lp thnh bn v v lu gi trong h
s hon cng. Khong cch nh nht theo mt bng ngang ca ng ng nc n cc
ng ng khc chn ngm di t theo quy nh sau:
ng knh ng Khong cch nh nht t ng ng nc vo nh (m)
(mm) n ng thot nc n ng dn nhit nng dn hi
Nh hn 200 1,5 1,5 1,5
Ln hn 200 3 1,5 1,5

- ng vo nh ni vi mng ca thnh ph phi c ging t van kha nc. Nu ng ng

nh hn 40mm th t van chn v khng nht thit phi xy ging van. Khi ng dn vo nh
bng gang v p lc ca ng ng bn ngoi ln hn 50m th nhng ch ngoc phi xy
tr ng.
- ng ng dn nc vo nh xuyn qua tng hm hay tng mng nh u phi b tr l
cha sn. Ni t kh thong rng gia hai ng v pha trn t nht 0,15m v nhi khe h
gia hai ng bng ay tm nha hay tm du. t xung quanh m t hay sng nc cn c
l chn ngn nc u ng cha.
- Khi t chung cc ng ng k thut trong mng ngm th ng ng dn hi, dn nc
nng t bn trn ng nc lnh. ng ng dn nc cha chy khng t dc theo v ko,
dc theo ct kim loi.
- ng cp nc khng t bn trong cc ng thng gi, thng hi, thng khi.
- Cc ng ng chnh, ng nhnh, ng phn phi nc dn n cc dng c v sinh u t
c dc t 0,002 n 0,005 v pha ng ng ng hay im ly nc. Ti cc im thp
nht ca ng ng phi t phi t thit b x nc. ng chnh, ng nhnh trong nh trong
nh sn xut phi t h. Nu khng t h c cho php t ng nc cp chung vi
ng ng khc trong cng rnh nhng rnh ny khng c c cc ng dn kh, dn cht
lng d bt la hoc c cht c.
- ng nc sinh hot c th t chung vi ng nc thot trong iu kin rnh kh.
- Cc hng nc cha chy bn trong nh phi b tr gn li ra vo, trn ch ngh cu thang,
tin snh, hnh lang v nhng ni d thy, d s dng. So vi mt sn th chiu cao hng
cha chy t cao 1,25m. Mi hng cha chy phi ni vi ng mm bng bt qut cao
su bn trong c di t 10 30 m c u ni v lng phun nc t trong t ring. T
ny c cnh ca lp loi knh dy khng qu 3mm m khi v ch v vn, khng c mnh to
v sc cnh, trn mt knh sn k hiu ngn la mu v c ch cu ha.
20
 - Cc van kha nc ca h thng cp nc trong nh phi t nhng v tr sau:
+ Trn ng dn nc vo nh.
+ Trn mng li phn nhnh khp vng m bo c th ng tng on ng sa cha.
+ Trn mng vng ca h thng cp nc sn xut tnh ton m bo cp nc ti thit
b hot ng lin tc t hai pha ca mch vng.
+ Ti chn ng ng cp nc cha chy c t 5 hng cha chy v mi on cha chy.
+ Ti chn ng ng sinh hot hoc cp nc sn xut trong nh cao t 3 tng tr ln.
+ Ti ng nhnh c t 5 vi nc tr ln.
+ Ti ng nhnh vo tng cn h, ng nhnh ti vi x, bnh x trn cc ng nhnh dn
nc ti vi tm v chu ra mt.
+ Trc vi cng cng, vi nc ti cy bn ngoi.
+ Trc cc thit b my mc t bit trong trng hp cn thit.
+ Trn mng li ng ng cp nc sinh hot v nc cha chy c thit k vng kn
th c 5 hng cha chy c mt van kho cho mt tng.
Trng hp van kho trn ng cp nc t qua nh hng, nh n cng cng v cc phng
xy kt hp vi nh m khng th kim tra ban m c th nn b tr ngoi nh.
- Mi ph tng ng ng, vi nc, vi trn, cc ph tng ni ca h thng cp nc sinh
hot, h thng cha chy u tnh vi p lc lm vic l 60m. Ph tng lp cho h cp nc
sn xut theo yu cu ring ca cng ngh.
- Ti nhng a im trong thnh ph m mng li cp c p lc d cc nh nhiu tng c
th t nhng thit b iu chnh p lc nh rng en thay i tit din nc qua hay nu p
lc thay i bt thng th trang b b phn iu chnh p lc iu khin c.
- Cn thit k chng n, chng rung cho thit b v ng ng.
c. Kim tra:
- c tin hnh tng giai on khi lp t xong.
- Bm th p lc phi p ng yu cu ghi trong thit k v h s my mc hoc thit b c
cung cp. Thng thng p lc th l 12kG/cm2 v lu gi trong 30 pht, nu p lc khng
gim l chp nhn c
3. My bm cp nc:
- Khi mng li cp nc bn ngoi thng xuyn hay tng thi gian khng p lc m cn
thit a nc ln cc tng ca cng trnh cn thit k trm bm tng p. Khng c lp
my bm ht trc tip trn ng ng dn nc vo nh m phi qua b cha nc iu ho.
- Khng c t my bm trc tip di cc cn h, cc phng ca nh tr, cc lp hc ca
trng ph thng, cc phng iu tr ca bnh vin, phng hnh chnh, ging ng trng
i hc v cc phng tng t khc.
- Khong cch cho php nh nht gia cc thit b t trong phng my bm nh sau:
- T mp bin ca my bm n tng nh t nht phi cch nhau 70mm. Khong cch gia
cc mng cng phi cch nhau ln hn 70mm.
- T cnh ca my bm pha ng ht n mt tng nh i din t nht l 1000mm, t cnh
my bm pha c ng c in phi cch tng mt khong cho khi tho roto m khng
cn tho c ng c in.
- My bm c lp ng v tr quy nh trong bn v.
- Khi lp my phi kim tra m bo my c lp cn bng. Trc ngang ca ng c phi
nm t th ngang bng, sai s ngang khng qu 0,1mm. Sau khi sit cht bulng neo
my vo b phi kim tra v nghim thu v cn bng ca my, sau chn kn phn di
b my bng va xi mng ct 1:2 v mt trn lp chn c nh mu xi mng to sch
s cho my.
- i vi cc b cha trc khi lp t cc trang thit b ca h thng cp nc phi kim tra
cng tc xy dng nh kn chng thm ca b, kch thc v v tr cc l ch cho ng qua.
Sau khi lp t trang b, mi khe h gia ng gia ng v vch l xuyn phi nhi vt liu

21
 chng thm nh si ay tm nha ri trt kn ph bn ngoi bng va xi mng hay bt p
bng mt bch kim loi m bo khng cho nc r r qua.
VI. GIM ST THI CNG V NGHIM THU H THNG THOT NC BN TRONG
NH
H thng thot nuc bn trong gm: thit b v sinh nh phu thu, chu ra, chu git, chu x,
chu tiu,, ng ng nhnh thot nc, ng ng ng, ng x nc, ng thot chnh, van,
kho, ng thng tc, ng kim tra, cc dng ng dn nc thot khc.
1. H thot nc bn trong:
- Tu tnh hnh cng trnh vi nhng cng nng c th m c th c h thot nc thi sinh
hot, sn xut, hn hp, v thot nc ma trn mi dn xung.
- Cc ng ng v ph kin phi bn, m bo cht lng v sinh, chng c cc tc ng
ca nhit , tc ng n mn, d lm sch s.
- Nu cc ph kin bng gang khng trng men th trc khi thi cng lp t phi qut sn
chng g cho c hai mt trong v ngoi. Mt trong ca cc dng c v sinh bng gang phi
c trng men v mt ngoi sn chu nc hoc trng men lt ri sn chu nc.
- B mt dng c v sinh bng thp phi trng men knh c hai mt trong v ngoi.
- B mt dng c v sinh bng gm s phi c lp men ph.
- Mt trong v mt ngoi ca cc thit b v sinh bng gch hay bng b tng th lp ph lp
ph ngoi phi l va xi mng nh mu.
- Khng nn dng thit b v sinh bng granite v xi mng thu nc thi sinh hot, phn, nc
tiu.
- Cc thit b v sinh ni vi ng ng u qua ng xiphng t ngay di hay trong dng c
v sinh ny.
- Chu x phi c thit b bnh x hay vi sc ra. Bnh x c t cao t mt sn ln y
bnh l 1,8m. on ng ni t bnh x n b x c ng knh l 32mm, bng thp, thp
trng km v cng c th lm bng ng nha c ng knh 25mm.
- Cn kim tra kch thc t mt sn n mp trn ca chu x bt t 0,4 0,42m. i vi cc
khu v sinh ca trng tiu hc, chiu cao t mt sn n mt trn ca x bt l 0,33m. Nh
tr, trng mu gio th kch thc ny l 0,26m.
- Mt trn ca x xmt 33 40cm so vi mt sn phng x.
- ng knh phu thu nc thi c ng knh 50, 75, 100 mm thu nc thi trn sn.
- Vi phng tm,ng knh phu thu nc nh sau:
+ Nu c 2 vi hng sen tr xung th ng knh phu thu l 75mm.
+ Nu c 3 - 4 vi hng sen th ng knh phu thu nn l 100mm.
- dc ca sn phng tm hng sen phi bng 0,01 0,02. Rnh thot nc h trong phng
tm hng sen phi rng t nht l 0,1m v c chiu su khi thu l 0,05m v c dc
0,01 v pha phu thu.
- Trong cc nh sn xut, cc phng th nghim m quy trnh s dng c kh nng gy
bc la ln o qun hoc gy bng ho cht cn t vi tm s c, chu ra d phng hay b
nc d tr ti nhng v tr ngi i li nhiu. Phng x t 3 chu x tr ln, phng ra mt
c 5 chu ra tr ln cn t vi ra.
- Ch cc thnh kim loi ca bn tm, khay tm phi ni vi ng cp nc cn bng
in th.
2. Mng li ng ng thot nc bn trong:
- Vic thot nc thi sinh hot v nc ma bn trong phi dng ng gang thot nc, ng
cht do, ng xi mng hay ng snh trng men hai mt. Nc thi sn xut c th dng ng
gang, ng snh trng men hai mt, ng b tng, ng xi mng, ng thu tinh, ng cht do v
ng thp.
- Nhng ng thot nc t chu ra n ng ng c php dng ng thp hay ng thp m
km. Khi dng ng snh phi tun theo TCVN 3786-1994 ng snh thot nc v ph tng
s dng thot nc thi sinh hot v nc ma bn trong nh dn dng c tiu chun thp.
22
 - Vi nh cao tng, vic t ng thng tc phi b tr c 3 tng li c 1 ng dc theo ng ng.
3. Trm bm thot nc v cng trnh lm sch cc b:
- Nu nc thi khng t chy ra ng thot cng cng c th phi b tr trm bm thot
nc. Cp in cho trm bm nc thi phi s dng hai ngun. Khi khng thit k c hai
ngun, phi c ng x d phng.
- Khi nuc thy cha cc cht d chy, cc cht l lng, du, m, axit, cc cht c hi lm
ph hu mng ng ng phi c gn lng lm sch trc. Phi ch m bo cc b
phn c nhng chc nng khc nhau trong vic lm sch cc b nc thi nh song chn rc,
b lng ct, b lng cn, b thu m ni, b thu hi cht lng chy nh xng, du, m, b
trung ho axit hay kim v cc cng trnh khc. Ho cht c trong nc thi phi c kh
c trc khi dn ra dng nc thi cng cng.
- Cht thi c kh nng gy ly nhim do vi khun nh nc thi bnh vin cn kh dit trc
khi a vo h thot nc cng cng.
- Cn da vo tnh cht ca tng trang b, cc yu cu s dng m nu cc yu cu kim tra v
nu cn, cn th nghim trc khi cho lp kn lm cc phn khc.

VII. CNG TC THI CNG V NGHIM THU VIC LP T CC THIT B

1. Cc yu cu ca cng tc lp t my mc, thit b:
- Cn kim tra my mc cn thn trc khi m hm my, m bo y cc b phn, chi tit,
ng chng loi nh thit k ch nh.
- Mt bng t my phi ng v tr v m bo s trng khp v tng tc gia cc b phn
v cc my vi nhau.
- Mt bng t my phi thng bng qu trnh vn hnh khng gy lc ph tc ng vo cc
chi tit my ngoi mong mun.
- Mng my phi tho mn cc iu kin v chng rung, chng thm, chng dch chuyn qua
qu trnh vn hnh.
2. Chun b thi cng lp t my:
2.1. Giao nhn h s v thit k v ch dn lp t my:
Bn nh thu lp t cn nhn y h s v my, ch dn lp t ca ngi ch to my t
pha ch u t. Kim tra cc h s, giy t v nghin cu trc h s lp t my.
2.2. i chiu gia h s v thc a:
- Pht hin nhng sai lch nu c v yu cu tin hnh chnh sa cc sai lch cho t khp vi
h s.
- Mi sai lch v cch x l khc phc sai lch cn lp vn bn c xc nhn ca bn ch u t,
i din bn cung cp my, nh thu my v nh thu lp my.
2.3. Thi cng mng my:
- Ph hp vi s sp t mng my trong bn v thi cng lp t. Cu to lp nn mng
my phi ph hp vi thit k.
- Cn c cc cc nh ng di y mng xc nh ng chiu cao lp ct cn lt di
mng my. Ct lt phi l ct ht trung sch. Phi ti nc vi lng nc va phi cho
ct m v m cht. Trc khi t khun cho mng my cn t lp chng thm bo v
mng my.
- Nu v tr mng my khng lm nh hng n cht lng nc ngm khu vc, c th s
dng lp chng thm bng PVC.
- Nu t my c th nh hng n cht lng nc ngm, nn dng mng chng thm h
VOLCLAY nh voltex, voltex DC, swelltite
- Bn ngoi lp chng thm khi cn chng rung cho my v mng my s t cc lp thch
hp v chng loi vt liu, chiu dy lp do ngi thit k ch nh trc khi lp t quanh
mng my.
- Cc gc mng my cn vung vc nu khng c ch nh khc. Kim tra cc chiu di cnh,
chiu di ng cho nu mun hnh dng mt bng vung vc hay hnh ch nht.
23
- V tr l chn bulng gi my vo mng my cn m bo chnh xc. Tt nht l dp ly
mu mt bng my xc nh l bulng, sau lm dng cm bulng trc khi
btng.
- Kim tra v tr bulng cn o nhiu cch khc nhau khng c sai lch dn truyn v bin
dng v tr.
- Nu my cha sn sng m phi lm mng my trc, l bulng c cha bng cc l c
su theo quy nh v nn l l vung c kch thc tit din ngang 100x10mm. Lm
khun cho l ny nn lm c vut hi nh khi xung su d rt ln. xong btng
nn rt khun ny sau 4 -5h.
- Khi chun b a my ra hin trng, cn chnh sa mt trn cng ca mng my. Cn kim
tra cao trnh t my, chnh xc n 2mm. Vi nhng mng my chnh xc, yu cu cn
chnh ngang bng n sai s nh hn 1/10mm. Lp va mng hon thin mt mng my
nn sau khi lp my xong s hon thin.
- Btng nhi l chn bulng ch thc hin sau khi lp xong bulng v chn my. B tng ny
c cht lng cao hn b tng lm mng my t nht 15% v pha thm ph gia lm cho xi
mng khng co ngt v trng n nh trong qu trnh ng rn ca ximng nh Sikagrout,
bt tro l than, bt cc loi alit.
- Khi kim tra mng my, v tr v chiu su l t bulng neo my, lp h s ghi nhn s
kim tra ny v cc cch x l khi cn chnh, mi a my n gn ni sp lp t m
hm my.
2.4. Vn chuyn my n gn ni thi cng:
- Cn ht sc cn thn, trnh va p hoc lm v thng bao b bo v. Phi vn chuyn cc
hm my trong tnh trng nguyn hm.
- Khi cn nng ct, phi s dng cn trc c sc trc, cao nng v tay vi p ng yu cu
ca vic nng ct. Cn mc vo tm y ton b hm my vi lng mc cu sao cho
nng c ton b my nh ch dn ca nh ch to my thit v bn cung ng my quy nh.
- Cn quan st bn ngoi bao b v theo ch dn v v tr im cu.
- Khi im cu trn 3, phi ch cho chiu di dy cu cn bng trnh b lch hm my trong
qu trnh nng ct.
- Nn m hm my gn ni lp nht v ch m hm my khi thi tit khng ma.
- Nu khng c phng tin c gii trong phm vi ngn c th dng ti, palng xch ko
chuyn trn mt trt. Mt trt nn l nhng mt ghp g rng phn b c p
lc ca my xung nn vi p lc khng qu ln (nn nh hn 2kG/cm2). Cn b tr k lt
di bn trt cho m bo sc chu ca nn vi trng lng my m khng gy ln lch
my trong qu trnh dch chuyn. Nn di mt trt phi cng my khng b ln
trong qu trnh trt, nu qu yu, nn gia cng bng lp ct trn vi hay gch v vi t
l c u hay gch v khng t hn 30%, chiu dy khng nh hn 250mm.
- Cc im mc, im ko phi m bo cho khng vng vo my m ko chuyn c ton
b y di chuyn. lt thng my cn song vi hng dch chuyn.
- H con ln phi nm trn v s lng con ln cho my dch chuyn u m khng
b chuyn hng do thiu con ln.
- Qu trnh ln chuyn m gp ma, phi ngng cng vic v che y cn thn hm my.
- Khng c buc ngang thn hm my ti, ko. Ch c buc im ti ko vo thanh
tm sn y gn vi hm my.
- S dng ti hay palng xch ko th qu trnh ko ch c dch chuyn vi tc khng
khng qu 0,2m/s. Khi cho trt xung dc phi c ti hm khng ch tc v k chn.
- Trc khi tin hnh ti trt lm my dch chuyn, phi kim tra an ton. Phi chun b con
nm chng s trt vt qu tc cho php.
- Kim tra s ton vn ca dy cu, cp ti. Nu dy cp t 5% s si trong mt bc cp th
khng c dng si cp ny.

24
- Dy cp b loi, khng c ti hin trng thi cng. Dy cp phi bi du, m theo
ng quy ch vn hnh.
2.5. M hm, m bao b my:
- Trc khi m hm my phi lp bin bn ghi nhn tnh trng bn ngoi ca hm trc khi
m v lp bin bn c ba bn xc nhn: ch u t, nh cung ng my, v bn nh thu thi
cng.
- G nh nhn, ny nh tng tm vn hay tho tng mng. Nu nh ch to dng inh ng
hm my, cn s dng nhng loi x beng chuyn dng nh inh, nu bt vt phi tho vt
nh nhng. Nu s dng bulng hay inh tn th phi c bin php tho vi cng c chun b
trc m bin php ny phi c s ph duyt ca cn b t vn m bo cht lng bn ch
u t bng vn bn.
- Khi bc l phn my bn trong cng cn ghi nhn bng vn bn tnh trng chung trc khi
kim chi tit.
- Nhng im cn lu trong bin bn tnh trng chung: s gn gi ca my ln x ca
thng, bao b chng m, s bao ph cc lp chng g, s lng bao, ti cha ph kin, tnh
trang nguyn vn ca bao ti, ti ng catalogues v ch dn lp t km trong hm my.
- Khi kim tra chi tit phi xem xt k tnh trng nguyn vn ca chi tit vi va chm c hc,
st g. Cn i chiu vi danh mc cc chi tit trong catalogues ghi chp y cc yu t
cht lng, s lng. Cn bo qun c ngn np v ghi tn, ghi y s lng cc chi tit.
2.6. Thi cng mng my:
- Phi kim tra vic chun b trc khi b tng mng my. Nhng im cn c ghi chp
trong bin bn nghim thu cho php b tng bao gm:
+ V tr mng my so vi cc trc chnh ca nh.
+ Cao trnh mt mng theo thit k v ca cp pha hin trng.
+ Cao trnh y mng my ti v tng lp chun b ca nn.
+ Chiu dy cc lp chun b di y mng my
+ Kch thc hnh hc ca phn thng thu ca cppha.
+ Tnh trng chng, vng v k m ca cppha.
+ Tnh trng lp chng m y mng v s chun b cho chng thm thnh mng my bao
gm vt liu, cch thi cng v tnh trng thc t.
+ Tnh trng lp chng dnh cho cppha (nu c)
+ Cc chi tit t sn bng thp hoc bng vt liu khc trong mng my theo thit k.
+ V tr cc chi tit khun cho bulng hoc bulng neo gia my cn c kim tra ht sc
chnh xc. Dng cch xc nh theo nhiu to khc nhau loi tr s sai s.
- Vi nhng mng my ln, phi thit k bin php chng nt do b tng to nhit qua qu
trnh ng rn: phn chia thnh khi nh, s dng qut gi, nc , ct liu lnh v phng
n bo v trc khi a xi mng n cng trng.
- Nu chiu cao mng my khng qu 1,2m, chiu rng cnh ln nh hn 4m, s dng xi
mng Poolng ph thng th khng cn c bin php chng hiu ng to nhit. Vi loi
mng ny, cho php xoa trn mt chng vt nt li ti sau khi b tng 4h v chm nht trc
5h phi xoa xong.
- Khi b tng em n hin trng, cn kim tra st, c mu kim tra cng mi c
s dng. Mu c cn c gn nhn ghi r s hiu mu, ngy gi ly mu v kt cu c
s dng.
- B tng thnh tng lp khp y mng, mi lp dy 250 300mm m k d dng.
Lp trn c ph ln lp di khi lp b tng di cn ti.
- S dng m chn ng su (m li) m khi lp trn mi m phi ngp trong lp di
t nht 50mm)
- Nu phi s dng cc bin php h nhit trong qu trnh b tng ng rn th cn tun th
nghim ngt quy trnh bo v v c duyt.
- Sau khi b tng 6h phi tin hnh bo dng nh Tiu chun quy nh.
25
3. Qu trnh lp t my:
- Tin hnh khu lm v sinh, ty ra nhng du, m s dng bo qun chng g trong qu
trnh vn chuyn v ct gi.
- Nhng chi tit c lm v sinh, ty ra phi sch phi sp xp c th t trn nn sch s.
c lt ming vi nha PVC chng lm, bi.
- Chng va chm mnh. lm xy xc. Nu pht hin nhng chi tit b nt, b lm hoc mi
hn thit b bong, cng nh cc khuyt tt mi pht sinh trong qu trnh vn chuyn, phi lp
bin bn c s chng kin ca ch u t, bn cung ng my mc v bn nhn thu lp my.
- Cc chi tit in v in t khng th dng gi lau chi m dng bn chi lng mn qut
nh nhng. i vi nhng linh kin mng mang c th ch dng ng xt kh thi bi.
Khng c thi bng ming.
- Vic lp my phi tin hnh t khung c bn.
- t xong khung c bn, cn cn chnh ng cao trnh, ng thng bng mi lp tip
cc chi tit khc vo khung c bn.
- Nhng b phn cn lin kt bng bulng, inh tn hay cn g, m th, khi tht chnh xc th
xit dn c cho cht dn. Cn ch khu xit i xng cc c trnh s pht sinh ng sut
ph do xit lch.
- Lp nhng chi tit quay, cn theo di qu trnh lp, lm sao bo m mi thao tc xit c
khng cn tr s quay ca chi tit, nu cn tr cn ni iu chnh cho thch hp.
- Vi nhng chi tit c qu trnh dch chuyn khi vn hnh, qu trnh xit c phi khng cn
tr s di chuyn. S dch chuyn hay s quay cng nh cng tt, nu cm thy b cn tr cn
c gii php iu chnh tc thi.
- Mi lin kt ghp ni cn ghi chp y phng php thc hin, cc tr s o c qua qu
trnh lin kt nh s ng h bo cht
- Vic u dy in v cc chi tit iu khin cn tun th ng bn ch dn lp rp, cc nt
iu khin cn vn hnh nhy v d dng.
- Du, m bi trn cn bm , ng chng loi v s lng theo ch vn hnh thng
thng.
- My lp xong cn che ph bng vi hay bt khi cha kim tra v cho chy th.
4. Kim tra v chy th my:
Cc tiu ch cn kim tra vic lp t my nh sau:
- V tr my.
- Cao trnh mt ta my ln mng my.
- Cao trnh thao tc ch yu ca cng nhn vn hnh.
- thng bng ca my.
- S tng hp vi cc my khc.
- S tng tc vi cn trc cu chuyn nguyn liu, thnh phm gia cng trn my.
- C ly, ln ca ca li i an ton ca cng nhn vn hnh khi ng thao tc lao ng v
dch chuyn trong qu trnh sn xut.
- cht ca cc bu lng hay bn ca riv, mi hn.
- S d dng ca cc chi tit c qu trnh quay hay dch chuyn.
- Mc v chng loi ca vt liu bi trn, lm mt.
- Cc b phn in v in t: u ng dy, dy thng sut. Cc thit b t ng vn hnh
bnh thng. Cc thng s ca linh kin v mch nh in dung, tr khng, cch in, s
hp b
Sau khi tp hp y theo yu cu, tin hnh chy th my theo ch do nh sn xut xut
trog catalogues. Bt u chy th my phi do hi ng nghim thu ra lnh v kt qu chy th
my phi c s k kt ca ch u t, i din nh cung ng my v i din bn nh thu lp
my.
5. Nghim thu:

26
 - Hi ng nghim thu tun theo quy nh ca ngh nh 52/1999/N-CP ngy 08/07/1999 v
Ngh nh 12/2000/N-CP ngy 05/05/2000 ca Chnh Ph quy nh trong iu 47.
- Nhng quy nh c bn v T chc nghim thu:
+ Nghim thu tin hnh vi tng phn vic trong qu trnh thi cng, lp t.
+ Vic nghim thu tng phn, chy th do ch u t t chc thc hin c s tham gia ca
bn thit k, bn nh thu lp t, bn cung ng thit b.
+ Vic lp t phc tp th th tng Chnh ph s quyt nh hi ng nghim thu Nh
nuc.
VIII. CNG TC THI CNG V NGHIM THU TRANG THIT B CHNG CHY
1. Cc yu cu chung v phng chng chy cho nh v cng trnh:
1.1. Vn bn php quy v phng, chng chy:
Khi thit k, xy dng v ci to nh v cng trnh phi tun theo cc tiu chun hin hnh v
phng chng chy:
- TCXD 218: 1998 H thng pht hin chy v bo ng chy Quy trnh chung.
- TCVN 3254: 1989 An ton chy Yu cu chung.
- TCVN 4878: 1989 Phn loi chy.
- TCVN 4879: 1989 Phng chy - Du hiu an ton.
- TCVN 2622: 1995 Phng chy chng chy cho nh v cng trnh Yu cu thit k.
- TCVN 6161: 1996 Phng chy cha chy nh cao tng- Yu cu thit k.
- TCVN 5040: 1990 Thit b phng chy v cha chy K hiu hnh v trn s phng
chy Yu cu k thut.
- TCVN 5760: 1993 H thng cha chy Yu cu chung v thit k, lp t v s dng.
- TCVN 5738: 1993 H thng bo chy Yu cu k thut.
V nhng tiu chun lin quan khc nh: TCVN 4512: 1988: Cp nc bn trong nh.
1.2. Cc yu cu chung v an ton chy:
- Phi m bo hai h thng: h thng phng chy v h thng chng chy. Bn thit k trc
khi em ra thi cng cn qua c quan phng chng chy.
- i vi h thng phng chy ch :
+ Ngn nga cc nguy c gy chy: ngn nga s hnh thnh mi trng chy, cc ngun
gy chy, khng ch nhit , p sut di mc nguy him.
+ Mi trng nguy him c th gy chy: c nng chy d chy cc th loi nh bi,
nc, kh.
+ C quy nh v vn hnh, s dng my mc thit b, vt liu c kh nng gy mt an ton
do chy. Tun th cc quy tc hn ch ngun gy chy nh st, phng in, tia la trc
tip hay tia la hnh thnh qua qu trnh khai thc, s dng nh v cng trnh.
- i vi h thng chng chy ch :
+ S dng vt liu khng chy v kh chy cho kt cu cng trnh nhng ni c nguy c
chy.
+ Li thot him hp l v c ch dn thot him khi c s c chy.
+ B tr cc phng tin cha chy ph hp gn trn kt cu nh v di chuyn c trong
nh v khu vc cn bo v.
+ C h thng pht hin chy v bo chy.
+ Hn ch cht gy chy.
+ C gii php cch ly cc mi trng nguy him chy.
+ C ngi chu trch nhim bo v an ton khi c chy v h thng cha chy phi thng
xuyn c hiu lc, c thc tp v thng trc khi c s c.
+ C quy nh v an ton chy v nim yt, hng dn ti khu vc thch hp cc ch dn v
an ton chy. Phi nim yt, sn hoc bin bo cc du hiu v an ton chy ti ni
cng cng, dc li i.
1.3. S p ng cc yu cu phng chng chy trong bn thit k v xy dng:
- Phi c gii php phng chng chy theo 5 bc chu la quy nh.
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 - Vt liu xy dng to thnh kt cu, b phn ca nh phi p ng cc yu cu v bc chu
la.
- Phi thit k cc b phn ngn chy, khng ngn la v m chy ly lan t do.
- B tr v c ch dn li thot him ph hp vi tnh cht cng trnh. Li thot phi m bo
c ly thch hp trn mt bng cng nh gii php theo khng gian v chiu ng. Li i, li
thot him phi chiu rng d dng di chuyn v v tr d thy.
- Trn mt bng, cn m bo giao thng v khong cch phng chng chy nh li i cho xe
cu ho c th tip cn ti mi v tr chy, khong cch gia nhng nh ln cn ngn mi
nguy him chy.
- Sp xp v tr cc chc nng s dng khng gian kin trc phi p ng cc yu cu v an
ton phng chng chy.
- Kho cha vt liu c kh nng chy khng c xp tng hm hay gn b phn chu lc
chnh, ton b cc tng trn.
- Khu vc c kh nng gy chy v gy c phi c s dng vt liu v ngn bng kt cu
thch hp.
- B tr cng trnh ni ly nc cha chy, cc hng cu ho v cc phng tin cha chy
c nhn di chuyn c ti ni d tm, d thy, gn u mi giao thng.
2. Kim tra h thng cha chy:
2.1. Cc h thng:
- H thng cha chy bao gm cc thit b k thut chuyn dng, ng ng v cht dp chy.
- H thng cha chy c nh c lp t trn cng trnh, cha chy bn c nh c phn
c lp c nh, c phn c lp thm khi s dng chng chy.
- H thng t ng s hot ng khng cn s iu khin ca con ngi. H thng cha chy
c nhn, di chuyn c c con ngi s dng khi c chy, c th chuyn n ni c chy
dp la.
- H thng cha chy bng bm nc c trang b cho hu ht cc cng trnh. Trn cng
trnh cn c trang b cc phng tin cha chy dng bnh, c loi bnh cha bt dp chy,
c loi cha b dp chy, c loi cha hi hay kh dp chy.
2.2. Phn loi m chy:
m chy c chia 4 loi v trong cc loi chia thnh cc nhm:
K hiu m chy c tnh ca m chy K hiu nhm m c tnh ca nhm m chy
chy
Chy cc cht rn vi qu trnh
A1 chy m (G, giy, c kh,
A Cht chy rn rm, than, vi, si)
Chy cht rn nhng khng c
A
qu trnh m (Nha, cht do)
Chy cht lng khng tan trong
B1 nc (Xng, du) cht rn ho
B Cht chy lng lng (Paraphin)
Cht lng ho tan trong nc
B2
(ru, Mtann, glyxrin)
Cht chy kh (Mtan,
C
Hydro, Propan)
Chy kim loi nhe (Nhm,
D1
manh)
D Chy kim loi Chy cc cht c kim loi nh
D2 cc hu c kim loi, hydrua kim
loi)

2.3. Kim tra b tr, lp t:

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 - Trn ni phng tin cha chy v trn phng tin cha chy phi gn biu tng ph
hp s dng ng phng tin cho tng m chy.
- Loi biu tng A, vit ch A trng trn nn tam gic en.
- Loi biu tng B, vit ch B trng trn nn hnh vung en.
- Loi biu tng C, vit ch C trng trn nn hnh trn en.
- Loi biu tng D vit ch D trng trn nn hnh thoi en.

A BB

C DD

2.4. Kim tra gii php chng chy:

- V tr li thot nn v phng tin thot nn:
+ V tr so vi cu thang.
+ Chiu rng li thot nn.
+ Thang dng thng xuyn v thang dng khn cp.
+ S lng li thot nn.
- Hng m ca ca cc phng c nhiu ngi s dng ng thi, hng m phi t trong
nh m ra li thot.
- Vic ghi bng hiu li thot.
- Phng tin tip t khn cp t cc tng cao v mi nh nh thang thot him, ng thot
him.
- S ph hp ca m chy vi phng tin dp chy.
+ Dp chy bng nc: cho loi chy A1 v A2.
+ Dp chy bng bt nh n nhiu cho A1, A2, B1.
+ Dp chy bng bt nng n t v n trung bnh cho loi chy A1, B1, B2.
+ Dp chy bng kh CO2 cho loi chy B1, B2, D1.
+ Dp chy bng bt dp chy k hiu B, C cho loi chy B1, B2, D1.
+ Dp chy bng bt dp chy k hiu A, B, C, D cho loi chy B1, B2, C, D1.
- Kim tra b phn bo ng: cc u bo chy, sch, nhy tm chy.
- Kim tra b phn iu khin, bng nhn tn hiu v pht lnh tip.
- Lng d tr cht dp chy.
- S vi nc dp chy, dy dn nc mm, lng phun nc.
- B phn ng ng dn nc cha chy.
- in cho my bm nc cha chy.
- i vi h cha chy bng nc th phi nc cho loi m chy c quy nh trong
thit k cp chng chy cho nh. Nc chng chy phi p lc u phun c th phun
ti mi im chy t cc v tr vi thch hp.
- Lp t v cc phng tin cha chy ng theo v tr thit k.
- H thng phng tin phi tt, vn hnh thun tin v d dng.
- Cht v bnh dp chy phi ni khng b thi tit v cc yu t gy h hng, tc ng.
3. Nghim thu cng tc lp t trang b cha chy:

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- Hi ng nghim thu : i din ch u t, n v thit k, n v xy lp cng trnh, n v
lp t h thng nc v n v chu trch nhim phng cha chy qun l a phng.
- n v lp t v cung ng h thng dp chy phi c vn bn hng dn s dng cc trang
thit b lp t trao cho ch u t. Bin bn th nghim h thng dp chy phi c lu
gi ti c quan ch u t v bn s dng.
- Quy nh kim tra nhy vn hnh h thng trang thit b dp chy theo chu k thch hp.
- n v s dng phn cng ngi chu trch nhim bo qun v duy tr s vn hnh ca h
thng.
- i phng chy, cu h c lch nh k hun luyn v thc tp.

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