2017 Metrobank-MTAP-DepEd Math Challenge Grade 10 Elimination Round

ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS

1. Arrange the following from least to 7. If the point (-2,11) lies on the line = +
3
greatest: 15%, 0.1, 25. 3, what is m?
11 = (2) + 3
Transform all quantities into the same 11 3
numerical notation. =
3 2
15% = 0.15, 0.1, = 0.12 ANSWER: -4
25

ANSWER: . , , % 8. The exterior angle of an equiangular
polygon is 40. How many sides does the
2. A box contains red, blue, and yellow balls. If polygon have?
the ratio of red to blue to yellow balls is
3:6:10, and there are 42 blue balls, how The sum of the exterior angles of a polygon
many are yellow? is 360. If the polygon is equiangular, it is
Assume that each part (or unit) in the ratio regular and all its exterior angles are equal.
is x.
6 = 42 = 7 Hence, divide 360 by 40.
10 = 10(7) = 70 ANSWER: 9
ANSWER: 70
9. What is the equation of the line (in slope-
3. If 3% of a number is 18, what is 20% of intercept form) that is parallel to 2 + 3 =
twice the number? 1 and passes through (1, -2)?
Let x be the number,
0.03 = 18 = 600 2
The slope of 2 + 3 = 1 is . This is also
0.2(2 ) = 0.2(2(600)) 3
the slope of the line whose equation is being
ANSWER: 240
asked.
2
4. If = 1, find the value of + . Solve for its y-intercept using,
2
(1)1 + (1)(1) = +
1 + (1) 2 4
ANSWER: -2 2 = (1) + =
3 3
2 4
=
5. What is () in ( + 2)() + (4 + 2) = 3 3

3 + 5 2 + 9? ANSWER: =
() represents the quotient when 3 +
5 2 + 9 is divided by + 2 and with a 10. If 11 6 35, what is the largest
remainder of 4 + 2. value of ?
( + 2)() + (4 + 2) = 3 + 5 2 + 9 11 6 35
( 3 + 5 2 + 9) (4 + 2) 6 35 + 11
() =
+2 1 1
3 + 5 2 + 5 2) (6 35 + 11)
() = 6 6
+2 4
ANSWER: 4
By synthetic division,
-2 1 5 5 -2 11. The average of two radical expressions is
-2 -6 2 3 2. If one of them is 3 + 2, what is
1 3 -1 0 the other radical expression?
ANSWER: +

(3 + 2) +
= 3 2
2
6. Which is greater, 25 or 33? = 2(3 2) (3 + 2)
25 = 20, 33 = 27 = 23 22 3 2
ANSWER: = 3 32
ANSWER: =
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2017 Metrobank-MTAP-DepEd Math Challenge Grade 10 Elimination Round
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS

12. If () = 1 + 5 2 2 , what is (1 + ) 15. If = (1)+1 2 + 2, what is 4 ?

(1)? By substitution,
(1 + ) (1) 4 = (1)4+1 24 + 2(4)
= [1 + 5(1 + ) 2(1 + )2 ] 4 = (1) 16 + 8
[1 + 5(1) 2(1)2 ] 4 = 9
= 1 + 5 + 5 2(1 + 2 + 2 ) ANSWER: -9
(1 + 5 2)
= 2 2 + 16. If the numbers is 15, 2 , 3 , 4 , 21 form an
ANSWER: arithmetic sequence, what is 4 ?
There are three arithmetic means between -
13. Find the least value of k for the equation 15 and 21 and 4 times the common
2 = 2( 1)2 + 5 to have a real root. difference.
Use the discriminant, transform to standard 21 (15)
form: = =9
4
2( 2 2 + 1) + 5 2 = 0 4 = 5 = 21 9
2 2 4 + (7 2) = 0
= 2 4 ANSWER: 12
0 for the equation to have real roots.
(4)2 4(2)(7 2) 0 17. If the third and ninth terms of an arithmetic
16 56 + 16 0 sequence are 13 and 37, respectively, what
5 is the sum of the first six terms of the

2 sequence?

ANSWER: =


37 13 24
14. A liquid mixture is 4% pesticide. Some = = =4
93 6
amount of this mixture and some amount of
water are mixed to make 500 L of new 1 = ( 1)
mixture. Find the amount of water needed 1 = 3 (3 1)
so that the new mixture is 1% pesticide. 1 = 13 (3 1)4
1 = 5
Let x be the amount of the 4% pesticide
mixture in the new mixture; y be the
amount of pure water in the new mixture. = 1 + ( 1)
2
+ = 500 6
6 = 5(6) + (6 1)4
The 4% pesticide mixture is 96% water so 2
the amount of water in the mixture is .96 6 = 90
times the volume. When the water content ANSWER: 90
from this mixture is added to some amount
of pure water and the sum is divided by the 18. How many three-digit numbers from 100 to
total volume of 500 L, we must get a 99% 500 are divisible by 12?
water content in the new mixture.
Hence, The least multiple of 12 between the given
0.96 + interval is 108.
= 0.99
500
By substitution, The difference between 500 and 108 is 392.
0.96(500 ) +
= 0.99 The quotient (plus 1 for 108) between 392
500
480 + 0.04 495 480 and 12 is the number of three-digit
= 0.99 =
500 0.04 numbers divisible by 12 within the interval.
= 375
ANSWER: 33
ANSWER: 375 L
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2017 Metrobank-MTAP-DepEd Math Challenge Grade 10 Elimination Round
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS
1 1
19. If the numbers 10 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 320 form a 21. Find the sum of the infinite geometric series
3 3 3
geometric sequence, what is 4 ? 2
8 + 32 .
= 1 1 An infinite geometric series may be
1 1 computed as
= ( ) 61 1
320 10 =
1 1
1 3
5 = 320 = ( ) (10) ( )
8
1 320 =
10 3
1 ( )
2
5 = 1
32 =
4
5 1 1 3
= =
32 2 = 2
1
1 ( 4)
1 1 41 6
4 = ( ) =
10 2 5
1 ANSWER:

4 =
80

ANSWER:
in the form where p and q
22. Express 2. 24
are positive integers with gcf(. ) = 1.
20. If the second and fourth terms of a
geometric sequence are 250 and 10,
respectively, what is the sum of the first five Repeating, non-terminating decimals can all
terms of the sequence? be expressed as a fraction by regarding it as
1 an infinite geometric series.
= 1 ( ) 0. 24
= 0.24 + 0.0024 + 0.000024 +
1 24 24 24
10 0. 24
= + + +
= = 42 100 10000 1000000
250 24
= 10000
1 1 24
= =
25 5 100
1 1
Case 1: when = 5 =
100
250 24
1 = = 1250 100
1 =
5 1
1
1 5 100
1( ) 8
5 = 1250 ( 5 ) =
1 33
15 8 74
= 2 +
2. 24 =
5 = 1562 33 33

Case 2: when = 5
1 ANSWER:
250
1 =
1
= 1250 23. When the polynomial () is divided by
5 2 2 , the quotient is 2 + 1 and the
1 5 remainder is + 2. What is ()?
1 ( )
5 = 1250 ( 5 )
1 () = () () + ()
1 ( 5)
() = ( 2 + 1)(2 2 ) + ( + 2)
5 = 1042 () = 2 4 3 + 2 2 + 2

ANSWER: 1562 or -1042 ANSWER: + +

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2017 Metrobank-MTAP-DepEd Math Challenge Grade 10 Elimination Round
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS

24. What is the remainder when () = 2 4 28. In a circle, chord AB is bisected by chord CD
7 2 4 + 2 is divided by + 2? at M. If = 8 and = 18, find
AB.
By the remainder theorem,
(2) = 2(2)4 7(2)2 + 4(2) + 2 If two chords intersect A
(2) = 2 in the interior of a
ANSWER: -2 circle, then the C
D M
(Answer Key: 14) product of the
B
segment lengths of one
25. Find the value of k so that + 1 is a factor chord is equal to the
of () = 2 4 + 4 3 + 2 3. product of the segment
lengths of the other chord.
By the factor theorem,
(1) must be 0. =
2
2(1)4 + 4(1)3 + (1)2 (1) 3 1
8 18 = ( )
=0 2
=2 = 4(144 2 ) = 24
ANSWER: ANSWER: 24 cm.

26. Solve for x in the equation 3 3 + 2 29. Chords AB and CD intersect at W such that
12 4 = 0 : = 3: 2. If = 6 and =
16 , what is the length of CD?
Use the Rational zeroes theorem to try out
possible zeroes. With the same concept as that in item 28,
2 3 1 -12 -4 =
6 14 4 3 2 = 6 16
3 7 2 0 6 2 = 96 2
= 4
3 3 + 2 12 4
= ( 2)(3 2 + 7 + 2) = +
= 3 + 2
Factor out 3 2 + 7 + 2. = 5(4 )
3 3 + 2 12 4 ANSWER: 20 cm
= ( 2)(3 + 1)( + 2)

ANSWER: = , , 30. Quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in a circle.
Given that = (2 + 12), = (3 +
18) and = (2 15), what is ?
27. Let () be a third-degree polynomial such
that (1) = (1) = (2) = 0 and (3) = In any quadrilateral inscribed in a circle, the
16. What is (2)? sum of any two opposite angles of the
quadrilateral is 180 degrees.
The factors of () are ( + 1)( 1)( + = 180
2) 2 + 12 + 3 + 18 = 180
() = ( 3 2 2 + 2) = 30
(3) = (33 2(3)2 3 + 2)
16 = 8 = 2 = 2(30) 15
= 45
() = 2 3 + 4 2 + 2 4
(2) = 2(2)3 + 4(2) + 2(2) 4 ANSWER:
(2) = 24
ANSWER: 24

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2017 Metrobank-MTAP-DepEd Math Challenge Grade 10 Elimination Round
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS

31. Find the center of the circle 35. Find all values of in the interval [0, 360]
4 2 + 4 2 + 24 = 8 + 24. that satisfy the equation sin = tan .
4 2 + 4 2 8 24 = 24 sin
tan =
2 + 2 2 6 = 6 cos
( 2 2) + ( 2 6) = 6 We want to find values for which
( 2 2 + 1) + ( 2 6 + 9) sin
sin =
= 6 + 1 + 9 cos
( 1)2 + ( 3)2 = 4 Or cos = 1 within the interval [0, 360].
ANSWER: , ,
ANSWER: (, )
5
36. If 0 < < 180 and cos = 13, what is
32. A circle with radius 4 cm is tangent to both tan ?
x and y axes. How far is its center to the
origin? cos = ; = 5; = 13

The segment joining the is in Quadrant 2, 90 < < 180
center of the circle and = 2 2
the origin is the diagonal 4 cm = 132 (5)2
of the square formed by
= 12
the radii of the circle
at the points of tan =

tangency and the 12
axes. tan =
5
ANSWER: cm ANSWER:



33. For what value of k will the line through (Answer Key: )

(2, 7) and (8,2)contain the origin? 37. If 642 = 16 , what is 42+10 ?
25

Since the line must pass through the origin, 642 = 1625
find the slope of the line passing through (43 )2 = (42 )25
(0,0) and (8,2). 46 = 4410
2 1 2 0 1 6 = 4 10; = 5
= = =
2 1 8 0 4 42+10 = 42(5)+10
The slope must be the same for (2, 7) ANSWER: 1
and (8,2). 38. If + 1 = 5, what is 2 + 2 ?
1 2 (7) 2+1
= + =
4 8 2
1 9 +
=
=
4 8 2 4 + 1
8 2 = 36
+ =
= 14 2
4
+1
ANSWER: -14 = 2 + 2 2 Add 2 (later expressed
2 2
as ) to make the
2
34. Find k so that the line 3 + 2 = 7 is + 1 4 numerator a square of
= + 2 a binomial but subtract
perpendicular to = 2 + 2. 2 2 to maintain the
3 7 + 2 2 + 1
4
original value of the
3 + 2 = 7 = + = 2 expression.
2 2 2
2 ( 2 + 1)2
= = 2
3 2
2 2 2
= 2 + 2 = + +
=( ) 2
2 2
= ; =3
3 = 2 2
= 23
ANSWER: ANSWER: 23
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2017 Metrobank-MTAP-DepEd Math Challenge Grade 10 Elimination Round
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS
2
39. If 0 < < 180 and 4sin = 2, find . Let x be the number of mango trees planted
2
(22 )sin = 2 in the hectare of land; and f(x) be the annual
1 yield.
2
2sin2 = 1; sin2 = ; sin =
2 2 f(x) is a piecewise function composed of two
ANSWER: ,
pieces: (1) if the number of trees planted is
less or equal to 42, each tree yields 480,
40. A group with 20 members plans to elect a thus 480; (2) if the number of trees is
president, a secretary, and a treasurer. If more than 42, the yield of each tree is 8
each member is eligible for each position, in times every mango tree in excess of the 42
how many ways can the group choose their less than 480.
officers? As a function,
480, 42
We consider permutation since electing () = {
480 8( 42), > 42
three members is a different case as or
electing the same three members but in 480, 42
different positions. () = {
816 8 2 , > 42
20! 20 19 18 17! The maximum yield is the x-coordinate of
320 = =
(20 3)! 17! the vertex of the parabola described in the
20
3 = 20 19 18 = 6840 second piece of the function, 816 8 2
ANSWER: 6840
= 8 2 + 816
2
41. In how many ways can the letters of the 816
=
word ISLAND be arranged on a line so that 2(8)
the vowels are together? = 51
ANSWER: 51
Taking A and I as one,
55 = 5! = 120 44. Three regular polygons fit exactly together
A and I can be arranged in 2 ways so, around a point on a plane surface. One is a
= 120 2! = 240 square and another is a hexagon. How many
ANSWER: sides does the third polygon have?

42. A fair coin is tossed five times. What is the Around a point would mean that the sum of
probability of getting exactly three heads? the angles around this common vertex (one
5! 5 4 3! per regular polygon) is 360.
35 = = = 10
(5 3)! 3! 2! 3!
There are ten ways of getting exactly three One angle of the square is 90; one angle of
heads in tossing a fair coin five times. the regular hexagon is 120. The third
Since there are 25 possible results in tossing regular polygon must therefore have an
a fair coin five times, interior angle of 360 (90 + 120) or
10 5 150.
(3 ) =
32 16
The interior angle(A) of a regular polygon is
ANSWER:
computed as
180( 2)
43. It is found that if a hectare of land is planted =

with 42 mango trees, the annual yield of Solving for n,
each tree will be 480 mangoes. For every 360
additional tree planted on the land, the =
180
yield per tree will decrease by 8 mangoes. 360
How many trees should be planted to this = = 12
150 180
hectare of land to maximize the annual ANSWER: 12
yield?

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2017 Metrobank-MTAP-DepEd Math Challenge Grade 10 Elimination Round
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS

45. How far is the line 3 4 + 15 = 0 from 4 42 2(2)(10)

the origin? =
2(2)
Look for the perpendicular distance. 1
Identify the point on the line that when = 1 6
2
connected to the origin will form part of 2
1 1
another line that is perpendicular to the ((1 + 6) + (1 6)) = 4
given line. 2 2
2
3 15 1 1
3 4 + 15 = 0 = + ((1 + 6) (1 6)) = 6
4 4 2 2
3 4
= = 2( 4)( + 6) = 0
4 3 2 2 + 4 48 = 0
Using the point-slope form,
ANSWER: + =
1 = ( 1 )
4 (Answer Key: 2 2 + 24 128 = 0)
0 = ( 0)
3
4 48. The center of a circle lies on the line 2 +
= 5 = 42. If the line = + 4 is tangent to
3
3 15 the circle at the point (4,8), find the
Find the intersection of = 4 + 4 and =
equation of the circle in center-radius form.
4
3 through substitution in systems of
linear equations,
4 3 15
= +
3 4 4
9 12
= ; =
5 5
Use the distance formula,
= (2 1 )2 + (2 1 )2
2 2
12 9
= ( 0) + ( 0)
5 5 The line that contains the center of the
=3 circle and the point of tangency is
ANSWER: 3 units perpendicular to = + 4.
= 1
46. A circle is inscribed in a triangle with
perimeter 10 cm. if the radius of the circle is Using the point-slope form,
4 cm, find the area of the triangle. 1 = ( 1 )
= 8 = 1( 4)
Where is the area of the triangle, is the = + 12
radius of the circle, and is the semi-
1
perimeter ( = 2 ( + + )) The intersection between = + 12 and
2 + 5 = 42 is the center of the circle.
= (4 )(5 ) By substitution,
= 20 2 2 + 5( + 12) = 42
ANSWER: = 6; =6
= 6; =6
47. Find the quadratic equation whose leading
coefficient is 2 and whose roots are the The radius of the circle is the distance
square of the sum and the square of the between (4,8) and the center (6,6).
difference of the roots of the equation 2 2 + Use the distance formula,
4 + 10 = 0
= (2 1 )2 + (2 1 )2
2 2 + 4 + 10 = 0 = (6 8)2 + (6 4)2
= 22

ANSWER: ( ) + ( ) = ()
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2017 Metrobank-MTAP-DepEd Math Challenge Grade 10 Elimination Round
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS

49. When a polynomial () is divided by 2 One revolution is 360 degrees. There are
4, the remainder is 3. If (1) = 6, what 360
or 30 in between 9 and 10. With this,
is the remainder when () is divided by 12
30
(2 4)( + 1)? the hour hand moves at a rate of 60 or 1
Assume that () is a third-degree degree every 2 minutes.
polynomial of the form,
() = 3 + 2 + + On the contrary, the minute hand moves
360
(1) = (1)3 + (1)2 + (1) + or 6 degrees per minute.
60
= + + 3 + 4
() 3 + 2 + +
= Hour (3 )
(4 )
2 4 2( 2) (x) =
3 () = + 2
(
) + 2 + +
3 2
= Minute (3 ) (4 )
2 4 2 4 ()
(2) = (2)3 + (2)2 + (2) + (y) = 18 = + 24

(2) = 8 + 4 + 2 +
= + + + The position of (4 ) is directly opposite
+ + = 6 (3 ).
8 + 4 + 2 + = 3 (4 ) (3 ) = 180
By elimination, + 2 ( 18) = 180
9 3 3 = 3 = 160
+ + = Assign 0 degrees to 12 in the clock. 9 on the
(2 4)( + 1) = 2 2 2 4 clock would signify 270 degrees, 10
() 3 + 2 + + represents 300 degrees.
=
2 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 () is between 270 and 300 degrees.
By synthetic division,
() must be between 110 and 140
1 2 a b c d
degrees.
2a 2a+2b
a a+b
If () is in the interval [110,140] degrees,
a a+b 3a+b+c 2a+2b+d
then this also limits () to the interval
The remainder is 1 2
(3 + + ) + 2 + 2 + [279 , 281 ] based on the following
6 3
Solve for 2 + 2 + computations:
Given that + + = 6, 110 1 140 1
= 18 ; = 23
= +6 6/ 3 6/ 3
2 + 2 + = 2 + 2 + + 6 This means that the minute hand shows
= 3 + + 6 1 1
time between 183 23 3 .
= 1 6 = 5
The position of the hour hand within this
The remainder is
interval must be
ANSWER: 1
18 min 1 1
3
2 /
= 9 6 after 270 or 279 6
50. It is now between 9 and 10 oclock. In 4 1
23 min 2 2
minutes, the hour hand of the clock will be 3
= 11 3 after 270 or 281 3
2 /
directly opposite the position occupied by
the minute hand 3 minutes ago. What time
From the interval, if we assume that () =
is it now?
280, then () = 120.
Reverting to time measurement,
280 is between 270 and 300 so it must be
sometime at 9.
120 degrees points to 4, translated into
minutes, that is 20.
Therefore, the exact time is 9:20.
ANSWER: 9:20
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