A presentation on

Selection of Quality Assurance

Methods in Process Planning
Presented by:
Bharat Pathak (073MEDM05)
Mahesh Neupane (073MEDM10)
Reewaj Bhandari (073MEDM15)
Suman Acharya (073MEDM20)
Quality Assurance
The planned and systematic activities implemented in a quality
system so that quality requirements for a product or service will be
fulfilled.
Covers everything from raw materials and GMP verification
through finished-product release
It increases customer confidence and a company's credibility, to
improve work processes and efficiency, and to enable a company to
better compete with others.
QA is the heart and soul of quality control
5 Ms of quality
Man
Material
Machinery
Methodology
Motivation
Fig: Process planning
Fig: Steps of Product development
 Process planning
It is defined as the systematic determination of method or
process by which the product is to be manufactured
economically and competitively within the limits of design
specifications laid down.

it starts at the release of working drawings from the product

design department

The act of preparing detailed work instructions to produce a

part.
Process planning
Purpose of process planning is to translate design requirement to
manufacturing process detail.

Process planning acts as a bridge between design & manufacturing.

The process starts with selection of raw material & ends with the
completion of the part.
Quality Assurance and Process Planning
process planning is a key enabler for robust product realization from
design through manufacturing
every process and operation must be designed in the best possible
way to ensure that the overall process chain leads to the right product
quality
during the last two decades a shift from inspection of manufactured
products to a more holistic approach with quality assurance as an
integrated activity throughout the product realization process has
emerged in manufacturing industry
Decisions made in process planning determine the conditions for
manufacturing the right quality.
Quality Assurance and Process Planning
way of preventing mistakes or defects in manufactured products and
avoiding problems when delivering solutions or services to
customers; which ISO 9000 defines as "part of quality management
focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be
fulfilled".
comprises administrative and procedural activities implemented in
a quality system so that requirements and goals for a product, service
or activity will be fulfilled.
Systematic measurement, comparison with a standard, monitoring of
processes and an associated feedback loop that confers error
prevention.
ISO 9000 defines as "part of quality management focused on
providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled"
Fine quality input only can give you a fine output
Stages of quality assurance
Aspects of Quality
Shape
Tolerance
Surface finish
Size
Material type
Cost
Time
manufacturing process
Fig: Relation between cost and quality
Approaches

Failure testing
Statistical control
Total quality management
Company quality
 These approach places an emphasis on three aspects:
Elements such as controls, job management, defined and well
managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and
identification of records
Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications
Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence,
organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality
relationships.
 Company quality
The company-wide quality approach places an emphasis on four
aspects
Elements such as controls, job management, adequate processes,
performance and integrity criteria and identification of records
Competence such as knowledge, skills, experiences, qualifications
Soft elements, such as personnel integrity, confidence, organizational
culture, motivation , team spirit and quality relationships.
Infrastructure (as it enhances or limits functionality)
 Cause and effect diagram
When identifying
The resulting diagram possible causes for a
illustrates the main causes problem.
and subcases leading to an Especially when a
effect (symptom). teams thinking tends
to fall into ruts.

Fig: Fish bone diagram

Check sheet
Used to collect
data(qualitative and
quantitative) at the
point of generation.
Who, what, where,
when and why is
answered.
Control charts

1. Choose the appropriate control chart

for your data
2. Determine appropriate time period for
collecting and plotting data
3. Collect data, construct your chart and
analyze the data.
4. Look for out of control signals.
(document how, what and its correction
method)

Fig: X-chart
Histogram(Continuous data)
Divide the entire range of values
into a series of intervals and then
count how many values fall into
each interval.
Histogram give a rough sense of
the density of the underlying
distribution of the data, and
often used for density
estimation.
 Pareto chart
Type of chart with both bar and line graph where individual
values are represented in descending order by bars, and
the cumulative total is represented by the line.
Purpose is to highlight the most important factor among a
large set of factors. In quality control the most common
sources of defects.
Scatter plot
Used to display values for typically
two variables for a set of data.
It shows the correlation between
two.
Stratification
When data from a variety of sources have been lumped together
the meaning of the data is very hard to find.
Separation of the data so their relationship can be seen.
Stratification Procedure
Before collecting data, consider which information about the
sources of the data might have an effect on the results. Set up Here are examples of
the data collection so that you collect that information as well. different sources that might
When plotting or graphing the collected data on a scatter require data to be stratified:
diagram, control chart, histogram or other analysis tool, use Equipment
different marks or colors to distinguish data from various Shifts
sources. Data that are distinguished in this way are said to be Departments
stratified. Materials
Analyze the subsets of stratified data separately. For example, on Suppliers
a scatter diagram where data are stratified into data from source Day of the week
1 and data from source 2, draw quadrants, count points and Time of day
determine the critical value only for the data from source 1,
then only for the data from source 2. Products
Techniques of quality assurance
Cost benefit analysis
Control charts
Benchmarking
Cause and effect diagram
Sampling inspection