||||      Pollution 

1. Air pollution
2. Water pollution
3. Noise pollution
4. Marine pollution
||||      Air Pollution 
1. Criteria air pollutants
2. Air pollution standards
3. Units of measurement
4. Numerical (ppm to stp conversion)
5. Composition of atmosphere
6. Pollutants
a. Properties CO
b. Pollution significance NO2
O3
SO2
PM
Load
7. Air pollution effects
a. Acute
b. Chronic
8. Effect on human health
a. Carbon monoxide
b. SOx
c. NOx
d. HC
e. Heavy metals
9. Greenhouse effects
a. Greenhouse gases
b. Kyoto protocol
c. Sources of greenhouse gases
d. Remedies
e. Side effects
f. Numerical
i. NOx production
ii. HC emissions
iii. SO content
10. Acid rain
a. Chemical reactions
b. Remedies
11. Ozone depletion
a. Cyclic photochemical reactions of ozone
b. Ozone destruction by CFCs
c. Implications of ozone layer depletion
d. Alternatives
i. Fire fighting
ii. Aerosols
iii. Refrigeration
12. Control devices for gaseous contaminants
a. Major gaseous pollutants
b. Major treatment processes
i. Adsorption
ii. Absorption
iii. Condensation
iv. Combustion
 c. Air pollution control equipments
i. Wet cyclone scrubbers
ii. Spray towers
iii. Gravitational settlers
iv. Centrifugal collectors
v. Bag house filters
13. Oxidations
a. Sources
b. impacts
||||      Noise pollution 
1. Traffic noise
2. Construction noise
3. Destructive effects of noise pollution
4. Control measures
a. Source-path receiver concept
b. Control of noise source by design
c. Noise control in transmission path
d. Control of noise at sources
e. Protect the receiver
5. WHO noise standards
6. Numerical
a. Combination of sounds
b. Mean sound
7. Predicting traffic noise
8. Numerical
a. Energy equivalent sound level during 1hr (dBA)
||||      Solid Waste Management 
1. Origin
2. Classification
3. Main objectives of solid waste management
4. Flow chart of waste
5. 3 basic alternatives for disposal of waste
6. On site handling, storage and processing
7. Collection
8. Transfer stations
9. Truck routing
10. Economical haul time
11. 3Rs of recycle
a. Advantages of recycling (3)
b. Useful applications of waste
i. Fuel
ii. Compost
iii. Incineration
iv. Anaerobic digestion
12. Environmentally friendly techniques for solid waste disposal
a. Controlled combustion process
b. Composting
c. Land filling sites
i. Disposal by sanitary land fills
o Site selection factors to be considered (10)
o Environmental considerations for landfill sites
||||      Hazardous waste 
1. Hazardous waste
a. Ignitable
b. Corrosive
c. Reactivity
d. Toxicity
2. Hazardous waste management
a. Management factors
3. Waste exchange
a. –
b. Chemical treatment
i. Reduction
ii. Oxidation
iii. Precipitation
c. Physical/chemical treatment
i. Carbon adsorption
ii. Distillation
o example
iii. Air stripping
o 1 numerical
iv. Ion exchange method
v. Reverse osmosis
||||      Water 
1. Uses of water
2. Treated water
a. Potable
b. Palatable
3. Classification
a. Physical
b. Chemical
c. Biological
d. Radiological
e. Turbidity
f. Colour
g. Temperature
4. Analysis
a. Chemical analysis
b. Biological analysis
i. Minimising biological activity
5. Water quality standards
a. SDWA
b. USEPA
6. Numerical
a. Molarity/normality H2SO4
b. Concentration CaCO3
c. pH water post H2SO4
7. Classification of potable water
a. Ground water
b. Surface water
||||      Water treatment 
1. Water treatment systems
a. Simple disinfection plants
b. Filter plants
c. Softening plants
2. Simple chlorination plants
a. Surface water supply
b. Screening
c. Rapid mix
d. Flocculation tank
e. Sedimentation tank
f. Rapid sand filter
g. Chlorination
h. Storage
i. Distribution system
3. Disinfection
a. Introduction
b. Characteristics required (6)
c. Disinfection kinetics
d. Chlorine reaction in water
4. Adsorption
a. Activated carbon
i. Powdered activated carbon
ii. Granular activated carbon
b. Schematic diagram
c. Adsorptive capacity
d. Carbon regeneration (5)
5. Hardness
a. Softening reaction
b. Hardness scale (soft-very hard)
c. Natural process by which water is made hard
d. Lime soda softening
e. Softening chemistry
f. Ion-exchange method of softening
g. 1 numerical
6. Water softening plant
a. Shematic diagram
i. Rapid mix
ii. Mix (reaction basin)
iii. Settling tank – sludge
iv. Recarbonation
v. Rapid sand filter
vi. Pump
vii. Storage reservoir
viii. Distribution system
7. Coagulation
a. Objective
b. Technicality
c. Coagulants
i. Alum
ii. Lime
iii. Ferric chloride
d. Jar test
e. Flocculation
8. Numerical
a. Power requirement
9. Sedimentation
a. Sedimentation types
i. Discrete
ii. Flocculant
iii. Zone settling
b. Clarifier types
i. Circular
ii. Rectangular
10. Filtration
a. Gravity filters
b. Pressure filters
c. Slow sand filter
i. Numerical: Design slow sand filter
d. Rapid gravity filter
i. 3 media