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NOV- 9, 1943. A. ca.

SCHNEIDER 2,333,681
PLANETARY TURBINE TRANSMISSION
Filed Dec. 26, 1941

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Patented Nov. 9, 1943
2,333,681

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE


2,333,681
PLANETARY TURBINE TRANSMISSION
Adolf G. Schneider, Muncie, Ind., assignor, by
mesne assignments, to Schneider Brothers
Company, a copartnership composed of Hein
rich Schneider and Viva Schneider, both of
Hamilton, Ohio, and Adolf G. Schneider and
Erna Schneider, both of Muncie, Ind.
Application December 26, 1941, Serial No. 424,463
18 Claims. (Cl. 74-1895).
This invention relates to hydraulic transmis 1 for direct drive, this clutch being provided be
sions of the Fiittlnger turbine type and is more hind the converter and serving to lock the plan
particularly concerned with a differential trans etary gear set so that the entire assembly turns
mission, the present transmission being an im as a unit with the ?ywheel.
provement on that disclosed in Patent 2,224,884 The invention is hereinafter described by refer
to Heinrich Schneider and myself, issued Decem ence to the accompanying drawing, in which
ber 17, 1940. Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section
It is the principal object of my invention to through a transmission made in accordance with
provide a transmission of the kind mentioned my invention;
of a more compact and simpli?ed construction,in 10 Fig. 2 is a cross-section through the dual plan
which the primary drive is again formed by a etary gear set, and
planetary gear set having dual planetary pinions Fig. 3 is a cross-section through the centrif
so as to turn the pump impeller and the turbine ugal clutch. ;
wheel in the same direction as the driving shaft The same reference numerals are applied to
and accordingly obviate the necessity for a re 15 corresponding parts throughout the views.
versal in the direction of ?uid flow by the reac Referring mainly to Figure 1, the reference
tion member. In accordance with my invention, numeral I 0 designates the driving shaft, as, for
the connection between the converter and the - example,_the crank-shaft of an internal combus
planetary gear set is changed so as to obtain a tion engine, and the reference numeral I I desig-_
smaller and more compact unit, the sun gear be 20 nates the driven turbine'shaft, which may be
ing keyed directly to the turbine shaft or a part connected with the propeller shaft of an auto
integral or turning therewith instead of being mobile or other, vehicle. I2 is a flywheel carried
provided in a sleeve surrounding such shaft, this on the end of the shaft l0, and i3 is a ring
change permitting the use of a sun gear of small gear rotatably mounted on the ?ywheel on plates
er diameter and permitting, proportionate reduc 25 l4 and 15, which, in turn, are suitably secured
tion in the diameter of the whole planetary gear to the ?ywheel. An automatic centrifugal
set. clutch, indicated generally by the reference nu
Other objects of the invention, 'as hereinafter meral I6, is provided between the plates l4 and
pointed out, deal with other improvements to I5 for quickly releasably gripping the ring gear
simplify the construction and further increase 30 l3 at its periphery IT to turn with the ?ywheel
the ef?ciency of operation, namely: at a certain speed of the engine. The clutch I6
(a) The provision of a shell projecting rear ,is like that disclosed in the copending appli
wardly from and turning with the ?ywheel en cation of Heinrich Schneider and myself, Serial
closing the converter, planetary gear set, and No. 196,874, ?led March 19, 1938, and is clearly
centrifugal clutch to keep the whole assembly illustrated in Fig. 3. A planetary cage i8 car
operating in oil under pressure to insure the best ries pairs of intermeshed planetary gears l9
possible lubrication for the gears and at the same and 20 on pins 2|, the gears l9 meshing with
time reduce gear noise; the ring gear 13 and the gears 20 meshing with
(b) The provision of a roller clutch between a sun gear 22. The latter is keyed, as indicated
the turbine shaft and the driving shaft to per 40 at 23, on the turbine shaft II. The cage l8 for
-mit use of the engine as a brake when coasting the planetary gears is connected, as shown at
down hill and save wear and tear on the con 24, with the pump impeller 25 of the converter
verter and centrifugal clutch in coasting against 26. The converter also includes a' turbine wheel
the engine; 21 and a reaction member 28. The turbine
(0) The provision of an oil pump behind the wheel is keyed to the shaft 1 I, as indicated at 29.
converter for supplying oil to the converter, The reaction member 28 is rotatably mounted
driven from the pump impeller so that at start on the front end of a sleeve 30 which is sup
ing the oil pump is turned at a higher R. P. M. ported at its rear end in a housing 3| and keyed,
than the engine, but at high car speed the oil as indicated at 32, against rotation. Bearings
pump is turned at approximately the same speed 50 33 and 34 in the opposite ends of the sleeve re
as the engine, thus permitting a reduction in the ceive the shaft II, and there is a pilot bearing
size of the oil pump and requiring minimum 35 for the reduced front end of the shaft H
power to drive it, and in the rear end of the shaft l0.
(d) The provision of a clutch for detachably Facets 31 are provided on the front end of
connecting the pump impeller with the flywheel 55 the shaft II to cooperate with rollers 38 in the
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smooth cylindrical bore 39 in the center of the The clutch I8 as described in the copending
flywheel l2 to provide a roller clutch between application previously mentioned comprises
the turbine shaft H and the driving shaft III. weights 80 pivoted on pins 8| to swing outwardly
which engages when the shaft H turns at a under centrifugal force toward the rim of the
higher speed and in the same direction as the 5 ?ywheel against the action of compression
shaft ID, as, for example, when the vehicle is springs 62 seating in holes provided therefor in
coasting down hill, whereby to permit use of the rim. Each weight has directly under but in
- the engine as a brake. There are other rollers slightly offset relation to its pivoted end a roller
40 between the reaction member 28 and sleeve /63 set in a slot 64 in a shoe 65, which, in turn,
30 forming part of another over-running brake 10 is arranged to force a friction shoe 66 against
allowing rotation of the reaction member 28 in the periphery ll of the ring gear I 3. The springs
the direction of rotation of the pump impeller 61 hold the rollers 63 slightly offset in a counter
25 when the turbine wheel 21 attains approxi clockwise direction in relation to the pivots 6|,
mately the same speed as the pump-impeller, so as not to transmit drive when the engine is
but which otherwise prevents rotation of the re turning at idling speed. However, when the
action member 28 in the opposite direction. A weights 60 swing outwardly in the speeding up
bearing 28' supports the reaction member 28 of the engine, the rollers 63 are moved in a clock
for rotation on the sleeve 30. wise direction against the action of the springs
A generally cylindrical shell 4| connected by 61 and the shoes 56 are pressed with considerable
its peripheral ?ange 42 to the flywheel and 20 force against the periphery I! of the ring gear l3
therefore turning with said ?ywheel serves to to transmit drive thereto. The springs 61 allow.
enclose the converter 26 and cooperating plane slight movement of the rollers 63 from a retracted
tary gear set |8--22 and centrifugal clutch l6 position at one end of the slots 64 to an operative
as well as the two over-running devices at 38 position at the other end of the slots.
and 40 so as to keep the whole assembly op 25 In operation, the clutch it remains disengaged
erating in oil under pressure for good lubrica so long as the car is standing at a curb with the
tion of all of the gears and other working parts engine idling, thus relieving the engine of the
and to reduce transmission noises to a minimum. hydraulic drag that would otherwise be imposed
The shell 4| has a tubular hub portion 43 of thereon, such drag having caused uneven running
reduced diameter surrounding a tubular hub 30 at idling speed and a tendency for the car to
portion 44 provided on the pump impeller 25. A creep, which sometimes "necessitated holding it
hearing 45 supports hub 44 on the sleeve 30, and with the foot brake or emergency brake. To get
another bearing 45 supports the hub 43 on the the car under way the driver simply depresses the
hub 44. A seal 41 is provided between the wall accelerator pedal, and as the engine speeds up
48 of the stationary housing 3| and the hub 43 35 the centrifugal clutch I6 engages at a predeter
to prevent leakage of oil from the rear housing mined speed so as to transmit drive to the ring
chamber 49 into the ?ywheel housing cham gear l3. In that way drive is transmitted through
ber 50. the planetary gearing to the torque converter 26
A gear 5| is suitably provided on the hub 44 and shaft H for the transmission of drive to the
meshing with a gear 52 on the driving shaft 53 40 propeller shaft usually through drive gearing in
of an oil pump 54 for supplying oil under pres a change speed gear box. The planetary gear
sure to the converter, only one gear 55 of the ' set, numbered I3 and |8-22, constitutes the pri
pair of gears of this pumpbeing shown together mary drive and the torque converter 25 the
with the face plate 56 of the pump. It will secondary drive. The primary drive exerts a
suffice to state that in the operation of the pump substantially direct torque reaction upon the
54 oil is continuously delivered under pressure driven shaft II by reason of the thrust imposed
from the chamber 49 to the inside of the shell 4| through the planetary gears I9 and 20 to the sun
through the sleeve 30 to keep the converter ?lled gear 22. This reaction by virtue of the dual
with operating ?uid and keep the whole unit planetary gears Ill-20 is in the same direction
inside the shell operating in oil under pressure,v 60 as the additional torque reaction imposed upon
as previously indicated. In view of the fact the shaft II by the turbine wheel 21 of the sec-
that the pump is driven by the pump impeller, ondary drive. The turbine wheel derives its
it should be clear that in starting the car the torque by the circulation of ?uid by the blades
oil pump will be turned with the impeller at a of the pump impeller 25 through the blades of the
higher R. P. M. than the engine, but at higher turbine wheel 21 and blades of the reaction
car speeds the oil pump will be driven at ap member 28. The fact that the impeller 25 turns
proximately the same speed as the engine, and, in the same direction with the driving and driven
therefore, an oil pump of relatively small size shafts I0 and H avoids the necessity for any re
can be used and one requiring little power to versal in the direction of fluid ?ow by the blades
drive. 60 of the reaction member 28. The stationary re
A manually shiftable clutch collar 51 has a action member is, of course, responsible for
sliding driving connection with the hub 43 on the torque increase, in the usual way. When the im
hub 58 thereof and is adapted to be meshed with peller and turbine wheel rotate at approximately
a clutch member 59 ?xed on the end of the hub the same speed, the converter operates substan
44, whereby to provide a positive driving connec 65 tially as a coupling, and under those conditions
tion between the flywheel l2 and pump impeller the reaction member 28 is arranged to overrun
25 for direct drive, the planetary gear set being the rollers 40 of the freewheeling device so that
locked when the collar 51 is meshed with the gear vit does not offer resistance to the easy turning
59 to cause all of the independently rotatable of the converter, and hydraulic losses are there
elements to turn together as aunit with the fly 70 fore negligible. Close to direct drive operation
wheel. In passing, it should of course be clear the gears of the planetary set rotate as a unit
that while I have shown a positive drive involving and gear noise and wear are substantially elim
the meshing of clutching teeth, a friction clutch inated and high ei?ciency is therefore obtained
could be used instead for selective engagement in the gear set also. Engagement of the clutch
or disengagement of the direct drive. collar 51with the gear 59 for positive direct drive '
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locks the planetary gear setby reason of the fact driven shaft, and planetary gears independent of
that the impeller 25 is locked to the ?ywheel I2 the driving and driven shafts interposed between
and in that way the shaft H is positively con the ring gear and sun gear to drive the latter, a
nected to turn with the shaft ill. The fact that centrifugal clutch for automatically connecting
the sun gear 22 is carried directly on the shaft the ring gear with the ?ywheel when the latter
II and can therefore be provided of a much attains a certain speed, a torque converter com
smaller diameter than has been possible in other prising a rotary housing on which the aforesaid
transmissions of the planetary turbine type, planetary gears are mounted to revolve, a rotary
where the sun gear was invariably provided on pump impeller turning with said housing, a ro
a sleeve surrounding the driven shaft, enables 10 tary turbine wheel mounted on and connected to
reduction in diameter of the whole planetary gear the driven shaft to drive the-same, and a sta
set, and transmissions designed in accordance tionary reaction member in said housing, and
with the present invention can accordingly be a rotary outer shell on the ?ywheel adapted to
made'much smaller and more compact than has contain a fluid lubricant suitable for the oper
heretofore been possible. ating ?uid for the converter and enclosing the
It is believed the foregoing description conveys converter, planetary gears, and centrifugal
a good understanding of the objects and advan clutch. '
tages of my invention. The appended claims 5. In a mechanical-hydraulic transmission, the
have been drawn to cover all legitimate modifica combination of coaxially arranged driving and
tions and adaptations. 20 driven shafts, a ?ywheel on the driving shaft, a
I claim: '. a planetary .transmission, comprising a ring gear
1. In a mechanical-hydraulic transmission, the turning with the ?ywheel, a sun gear on the
combination of coaxially arranged driving and driven shaft, and planetary gears independent of
driven shafts, a planetary transmission, compris the driving and driven shafts interposed between
ing a ring gear turning with the driving shaft, the ring gear and sun gear to drive the latter,
a sun gear on the driven shaft, and planetary a torque converter comprising a rotary housing
gears independent of the driving and driven on which the aforesaid planetary gears are
shafts interposed between the ring gear and sun mounted to revolve, a rotary pump impeller turn
gear to drive the latter, a torque converter com ing with said housing, a rotary turbine wheel
prising a rotary housing on which the aforesaid 30 mounted on and connected to the driven shaft
planetary gears are mounted to revolve, a rotary to drive the same, and a stationary reaction
pump-impeller turning with said housing, a ro "member in said housing, a stationary housing
tary turbine wheel mounted on and connected to for the mechanical-hydraulic transmission hav
the driven shaft to drive the same, and a sta ing the driven shaft extending therethrough, a
tionary reaction member in said housing. tubular support for the reaction member sup
2. In a mechanical-hydraulic transmission, the ported by said housing and surrounding the
combination of coaxially arranged driving and driven shaft, the converter housing having a
driven shafts, a planetary transmission, compris- . tubular extension surrounding the tubular sup
ing a ring gear turning with the driving shaft, a' port and projectinginto said housing, a rotary
sun gear on the driven shaft, and one or more 4.0 outer shell on the ?ywheel enclosing the con
pairs of intermeshing planetary gears independ- . verter and planetary transmission having a tubu
ent of the driving and driven shafts interposed lar extension surrounding the last named tubular
between the ring gear and sungear to drive the extension and projecting into the aforesaid hous
latter, and a torque converter comprising a ing, an oil pump in said housing for delivering oil
rotary housing on which the aforesaid planetary - from the housing into said shell and converter.
gears are mounted to revolve, a rotary pump im and oil seal means surrounding the tubular ex
peller on said housing revolving with the plane tension of the shell to prevent leakage of oil from
tary gears, a rotary turbine'wheel mounted on the housing.
and connected to the driven shaft to drive the 6. A transmission as set forthin claim 5, in
same, and a stationary reaction member in said 50 cluding clutch means inthe stationary housing
housing. , for detachably connecting the shell extension
3. In a mechanical-hydraulic transmission, the with the converter housing extension.
combination of coaxially arranged driving and 7. A transmission as set forth in claim 5, in
driven shafts, a ?ywheel on the driving shaft, a cluding a centrifugal clutch for automatically
planetary transmission, comprising a ring gear 55 connecting the ring gear with the flywheel when
turning with the flywheel, a sun gear on the the latter attains a certain speed, said clutch
driven shaft, and planetary gears independent being enclosed in therotary outer shell with the
of the driving and driven shafts interposed be converter and planetary transmission.
tween the ring gear and sun gear to drive the , 8. A transmission comprising in combination
latter, a torque converter comprising a rotary with driving and driven elements, a turbine ring
housing on which the aforesaid planetary gears type torque converter, comprising rotatable pump
are mounted to revolve, a rotary pump impeller impeller and turbine members and a-cooperating
turning with said housing, a rotary turbine wheel stationary reaction member, vsaid turbine mem
mounted on and connected to the driven shaft ber being connected to revolve with the driven
to drive the same, and a stationary reaction element, a planetary type transmission mecha
member in said housing, and a rotary outer shell nism, comprising a ring gear'driven by the driv
on the ?ywheel adapted to contain a ?uid lubri ing element, a sun gear connected to revolve with
cant suitable for the operating ?uid for the con the driven element, and planetary gears con
verter and enclosing the converter and plane nected to revolve with and transmit drive to the
tary gears. ' 70 pump impeller, and transmitting drive between
4. In a mechanical-hydraulic transmission, the the ring gear and sun gear, and clutch means for
combination of coaxially arranged driving and detachably co necting the pump impeller with
the driving ele ent.
driven shafts, a flywheel on the drivingshaft, a
planetary transmission, comprising a ring gear 9. A transmission comprising in combination
turning with the ?ywheel, a sun gear on the 76 with driving and driven elements, a turbine ring
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type torque converter, comprisingrotatable pump the'planetary transmission elements rotate as a
impeller and turbine members and a cooperating unit. ~ '
stationary reaction member, said turbinemem 13. In a mechanical-hydraulic transmission,
her being connected to revolve with the driven the combination of coaxially arranged driving and
element, a planetary type transmission mecha driven shafts, a ?ywheel on the driving shaft, a
nism, comprising a ring gear driven by the driv
ing element, a- sun gear connected-to revolve
planetary transmission, comprising a ring gear
turning with the ?ywheel, a sun gear on the
with the driven element, and planetary gears driven shaft, and planetary gears independent of
connected to revolve with and transmit drive to the driving and'driven shafts interposed between
the pump impeller and transmitting drive be 10
tweenthe ring gear and sun gear, and an over the ring gear and sun gear to drive the latter, a
running clutch arranged with the planetary gear torque converter comprising a rotary housing on
train in front of the torque converter between the which the aforesaid planetary gears are mount
driving and driven elements to engage automati ed to revolve, a vrotary pump impeller turning
cally in the event the driven element turns faster 15 with said housing, a rotary turbine wheel mount
than the driving element. > r - -
ed on and connected to the driven shaft to drive
10. A transmission comprising in combination the same, and a stationary reaction member in
with drivingiand driven elements, a turbine ring said housing, a stationary housing for the me
type torque converter, comprising rotatable pump chanical-hydraulic transmission having the
impeller and turbine members and a cooperating 20 driven'shaft extending therethrough, a tubular
stationary reaction member, a planetary type support'for the reaction member supported by
transmission mechanism, comprising a ring gear said housing and surrounding the driven shaft,
driven by the driving element, a sun gear con the converter housing having a tubular extension
nected to revolve with the driven element, and surrounding the tubular support and projecting
planetary gears connected to revolve with and into said housing, an oil pump in said stationary
transmit drive at increased ratio to the pump housing for delivering oil from the housing into
impeller and transmitting drive between the ring said converter housing, and oil seal means be
gear and sun gear, and an oil pump for deliver tween the converter and stationary housing sur
ing oil to the converter having a driving con rounding the tubular extension of the converter
nection with the pump impeller of said con 30 housing to prevent leakage of oil from the sta
verter, whereby the pump turns at a higher ra tionary housing in the rotation of the converter
tio than the driving element at starting and with respect thereto.
approximately at the same speed as the driving 14. In a mechanical-hydraulic transmission,
element at higher speeds when the converter the combination of coaxially arranged driving and
operates as a ?uid coupling. '
35
driven shafts, a ?ywheel on the driving shaft, a
l1. A'trans'mission comprising in combination. planetary transmission, comprising a ring gear
with drivingand driven elements, a turbine ring turning with the ?ywheel, a. sun gear on the
type torque converter, comprising rotatable pump driven shaft, and planetary gears independent of
impeller and turbine members and a cooperating the driving and driven shafts interposed between
reaction member, the turbine member turning the ring gear and sun gear to drive the latter, a
with the driven element, a planetary type trans-' torque converter comprising a rotary housing on
mission mechanism, comprising a ring gear driven which the aforesaid planetary gears are mounted
by the driving element, a sun gear connected with ' to revolve, a rotary pump impeller turning with
the turbine member to turn with the driven ele _ said housing, a rotary turbine wheel mounted on
ment, and one or more pairs of intermeshing 45 and connected to the driven shaft to drive the
planetary gears connected to revolve=with and same, and a stationary reaction member in said
transmit drive to the pump impeller and trans housing, a stationary housing for the mechanical
mitting drive between the ring gear and sun gear, hydraulic transmission having the driven shaft
a stationary support for the reaction member extending therethrough, a tubular support for
with relation to which the reaction member is the reaction member supported by said housing
rotatable, and an overrunning brake between said and surrounding the driven shaft, the converter
support and reaction member preventing rota housing having a tubular extension surrounding
tion of the latter in one direction but permitting the tubular support and projecting into said hous
rotation of the reaction member in the opposite ing, a rotary outer shell on the ?ywheel enclosing
direction when the converter operates as a ?uid 55 the converter and planetary transmission having .
coupling. a . '
a tubular extension surrounding the last named
12. In a mechanical-hydraulic transmission, tubular extension and projecting into the afore
the combination of coaxially arranged driving said housing, and clutch means in the stationary
and driven shafts, a ?ywheel on the driving shaft, housing for detachably connecting the shell ex
a planetary transmission, comprising a ring gear 60 tension with the converter housing extension.
turning with the ?ywheel, a sun gear on the 15. In a mechanical-hydraulic transmission,
driven shaft, and planetary gears independent of the combination of coaxially arranged driving
the driving and driven shafts interposed between and driven shafts, a ?ywheel on the driving shaft,
the ring gear and sun gear to drive the latter, a planetary transmission, comprising a ring gear
a torque converter, comprising a rotary housing 65 turning with the ?ywheel, a sun gear on the
on which the aforesaid planetary gears are driven shaft, and planetary gears independent of
mounted to revolve, a rotary pump impeller tum the driving and driven shafts interposed between
ing with said housing, a rotary turbine wheel the ring gear and sun gear to drive the latter, a
mounted on and connected to the driven shaft torque converter comprising a rotary housing on
to drive the same, and a reaction member in said which the aforesaid planetary gears are mount
housing, a rotary outer shell on the ?ywheel en 70
ed to revolve, a rotary pump impellerturning
closing the converter and planetary transmis with said housing, a rotary turbine wheel mount
sion, and clutch means for detachably'connect
ed on and connected to the driven shaft to drive
ing the rotaryiouter shell with the converter
the same, and a stationary reaction member in
housing, whereby the converter elements and 75 said housing, a stationary tubular support for the
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reaction member surrounding the turbine shaft, having a tubular extension surrounding the con
' the converter housing having a tubular extension verter housing extension, said shell being adapt
surrounding the tubular support, a rotary outer ed also to be supplied with oil from said pump,
shell on the ?ywheel enclosing the converter and and clutch means for detachably connecting the
planetary transmission having a tubular exten shell extension with the converter housing ex
sion surrounding the last named tubular exten tension.
sion, and clutch means for detachably connecting 18. In a mechanical-hydraulic transmission,_
the shell extension with the converter housing the combination of coaxially arranged driving
extension. and driven shafts, a ?ywheel on the driving
16. In a mechanical-hydraulic transmission, 10 shaft, a planetary transmission, comprising a
the combination of coaxially arranged driving ring gear turning with the ?ywheel, a sun gear
and driven shafts, a ?ywheel on the driving on the driven shaft, and planetary gears inde
shaft, a planetary transmission, comprising a ring pendent of the driving and driven shafts inter
gear turning with the flywheel, asun gear on posed between the ring gear and sun gear to
the driven shaft, and planetary gears inde 15 drive the latter, a torque converter comprising
. pendent of the driving and driven shafts inter a rotary housing on which the aforesaid plane
posed between the ring gear and sun gear to tary gears are mounted to revolve, a rotary pump
drive the latter, a torque converter compris impeller turning with said housing, a rotary
ing a' rotary housing on which the aforesaid turbine wheel mounted on and connected to the
planetary gears are mounted to revolve, a rotary 20 driven shaft to drive the same, and a reaction
pump impeller turning with said housing, a ro member in said housing, a stationary tubular
tary turbine wheel mounted on and connected support for the reaction member surrounding
to the driven shaft to drive the same, and a. the driven shaft, an overrunning brake between
stationary reaction member in said housing, a said support and reaction member preventing
stationary tubular support for the reaction 25 rotation of the latter in one direction but per;
member surrounding the driven shaft, the con- ' mitting rotation in the opposite direction when
verter housing having atubular extension sur the converter operates as a ?uid coupling, a
rounding'the tubular support, and an oil pump rotary outer shell on the ?ywheel enclosing the
driven by the converter housing extension for converter and planetary transmission, and clutch
delivering oil from a source of oil supply into 30 means for detachably connecting the rotary
said converter housing. ' outer shell with the converter housing, whereby
1'7. A transmission as set forth in- claim 16, the converter elements and the planetary trans
including a rotary outer shell on the ?ywheel mission elements rotate as a unit.
enclosing the converter and planetary gears and ADOLF' G. SCHNEIDER.

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