Middle Technical University Digital Electronics Lab.

Electrical and Electronic Technical Engineering College First stage

Electrical Power Technical Engineering Department Mohammed D. Altamemi
Experiment- 1
Logic Gate I
1-1 Object:
1. To study the truth tables of main logic gates
2. To implement an OR, AND, NOT gates
3. To identify a mystery chip

1-2 Theory:
The fundamental logic operations on which the digital circuits are based on are only
three:
1. logical sum
2. logical product
3. complementation
The circuits that perform them are called logical circuits, and also digital circuits.
Normally, these two terms can be used without distinction. It can be said that digital
system, as a rule, with all the complexity and operative power that they can have, are
internally based on only three types of logical operations, which are explained below.
1-2-1 Logical gates:
The three gates that are presented here (OR, AND, NOT) are the fundamental ones,
since they are used to perform the three basic operations of Boolean algebra: logical sum,
logical product, and complementation.
1-2-1-1 OR gates:
This gate performs the operation logical sum. Its Boolean logical expression is,
then:
F=A+B
In table (1-1) we show OR operation table, know as truth table, and in the figure (1-
1) its symbols.
Table (1-1) truth table of OR gate
A B F
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

Through the gates are usually represented with two inputs, they can have more. The
output will be activated (1) as long as one of the inputs is at (1).
Middle Technical University Digital Electronics Lab.
Electrical and Electronic Technical Engineering College First stage
Electrical Power Technical Engineering Department Mohammed D. Altamemi

Figure (1-1) OR gate

1-2-1-2 AND gate:

The AND gate perform the operation logical product. Its logical expression is:
F=A.B
In the figure (1-2) it is shown its symbols and in table (1-2) shows its truth table for
this gate, the output is only activated (1) when the two inputs are both at (1).

Table (1-2) truth table of AND gate

A B F
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
Middle Technical University Digital Electronics Lab.
Electrical and Electronic Technical Engineering College First stage
Electrical Power Technical Engineering Department Mohammed D. Altamemi

Figure (1-2) AND gate

1-2-1-3 NOT Gate (Inverter):

This gate performs the operation of complementation, also known as negation or
simply inverter. It is the only logical operator that only has one input. Its logical
expression is:
F=
This means that the function F always takes the opposite state to the variable A. that
is why it is called inverter (the output state is always the inverse to the input) or Negation
(NOT).

In figure (1-3) and in table (1-3), the symbol and the truth table of the inverter gate
are shown. The small circle in the output is the general indicator of inversion.
When a small circle appears at the inputs of a circuit it also means an inverter
function.
Middle Technical University Digital Electronics Lab.
Electrical and Electronic Technical Engineering College First stage
Electrical Power Technical Engineering Department Mohammed D. Altamemi

Figure (1-3) NOT gate

A
0 1
1 0
Table (1-3) truth table of NOT gate
1-3 Procedures:
Connect the circuit shown in figure (1-4) below and then fill in tables below

Figure (1-4) connect of NOT, AND, and OR gates

1. Fill in the following table, the output status, for OR gate 7432.
Middle Technical University Digital Electronics Lab.
Electrical and Electronic Technical Engineering College First stage
Electrical Power Technical Engineering Department Mohammed D. Altamemi
A B status
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
Table (1-4)
2. Fill in table (1-5), measuring the output status, for AND gate 7408.
A B Output
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
Table (1-5)
3. Fill in table (1-6), measuring the output status, for NOT gate 7404.
A Output
0
1
Table (1-6)
1-4 Discussion:
1. comment on your results

2. give some applications for logic circuit

3. By using electronic circuit, design a circuit to produce output

a) Y= AB + C

b) Y= A + B