DHT11 Humidity Temperature Sensor

May 13, 2016Arduino Tutorialsarduino, code, dht11, humidity, measurement, sensor,

temperature
May 13, 2016 Manoj R. Thakur

Definition
Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. Water vapor is the gaseous state of water and
is invisible. Humidity indicates the likelihood of precipitation, dew, or fog. Higher humidity
reduces the effectiveness of sweating in cooling the body by reducing the rate of evaporation of
moisture from the skin.

DHT11 Humidity Temperature Sensor

The DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor measures relative humidity (RH) and
temperature. Relative humidity is the ratio of water vapor in air vs. the saturation point of water
vapor in air. The saturation point of water vapor in air changes with temperature. Cold air can
hold less water vapor before it is saturated, and hot air can hold more water vapor before it is
saturated. The formula for relative humidity is as follows:

Relative Humidity = (density of water vapor / density of water vapor at saturation) x 100%

Basically, relative humidity is the amount of water in the air compared to the amount of water
that air can hold before condensation occurs. Its expressed as a percentage. For example, at
100% RH condensation (or rain) occurs, and at 0% RH, the air is completely dry.

Components Used

1. DHT11
2. Arduino Uno
3. Connecting Wires

DHT11 Sensor Pinout

 DHT11 Pin out

DHT11 Arduino Circuit Diagram

DHT11 Arduino
Circuit Diagram

Arduino Code for DHT11 Humidity Temperature

Measurement
This code requires DHT11 Library Download From: https://github.com/adafruit/DHT-sensor-
library
 Serial.println(DHT.temperature)
Serial.print("Humidity = ");
Serial.println(DHT.humidity);
delay(1000);

//Humidity and Temperature Measurement

//www.circuits4you.com
#include <dht.h>

dht DHT;
#define DHT11_PIN 2

void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
int chk = DHT.read11(DHT11_PIN);
Serial.print("Temperature = ");
Serial.println(DHT.temperature);
Serial.print("Humidity = ");
Serial.println(DHT.humidity);
delay(1000);
}

DHT11 Humidity Temperature Measurement Result

Open serial monitor and observe the readings. Blowing air on sensor will change the humidity
readings.
DHT11 Temperature Humidity Result

DHT11 Sensor Proteus Simulation

Let's continue our projects about the Digital Temperature and Humidity sensor DHT11
and see how to simulate these two sensors using Poroteus software.
Proteus version 8.1 or higher is required to do this simulation and the DHT11 library is
included in these versions and there is no need to add it manually (Proteus version 8.0
or lower will not work so you have to update your version).
First of all you have to read the DHT11 datasheet in order to understand how this device
works and also to understand the programming codes.
The DHT11 uses one-wire protocol to communicate with master device (microprocessor
or microcontroller), first the master device sends a start signal and then when this start
signal detected by the sensor it sends a response signal to the master device, after that
the sensor starts sending data which has 40-bit long, first 16 bits for humidity (byte 1
and byte 2) and the second 16 bits for temperature (byte 1 and byte 2) and the last byte
is a check-sum to know whether the data has been sent correctly or not. Note that data is
sent byte by byte and for the DHT11 humidity byte 2 and temperature byte 2 are both
zeros.

Interfacing PIC18F4550 with DHT11 digital humidity and temperature

sensor:

The following circuit schematic is the simulation of DHT11 with PIC18F4550

microcontroller using Proteus:
The internal oscillator for the microcontroller is used at 8MHz and the MCLR pin is
disabled.
The data pin of the sensor is connected to RD0 of the microcontroller and pulled up by
4.7 K Ohm resistor where this resistor must be set to DIGITAL as shown on the picture
above, it can be done easily by editing the properties of the resistor.
Interfacing PIC18F4550 with DHT11 MikroC code:

//PIC18F4550 DHT11 digital humidity and

// temperature sensor MikroC code
//Written by: BENCHEROUDA Okba
//electronnote@gmail.com
//Internal crystal used at 8MHz
//Use at your own risk

// LCD module connections

sbit LCD_RS at RB0_bit;
sbit LCD_EN at RB1_bit;
sbit LCD_D4 at RB2_bit;
sbit LCD_D5 at RB3_bit;
sbit LCD_D6 at RB4_bit;
sbit LCD_D7 at RB5_bit;
sbit LCD_RS_Direction at TRISB0_bit;
sbit LCD_EN_Direction at TRISB1_bit;
sbit LCD_D4_Direction at TRISB2_bit;
sbit LCD_D5_Direction at TRISB3_bit;
sbit LCD_D6_Direction at TRISB4_bit;
 sbit LCD_D7_Direction at TRISB5_bit;
// End LCD module connections
unsigned char Check, T_byte1, T_byte2,
RH_byte1, RH_byte2, Ch ;
unsigned Temp, RH, Sum ;
void StartSignal(){
TRISD.F0 = 0; //Configure RD0 as output
PORTD.F0 = 0; //RD0 sends 0 to the sensor
delay_ms(18);
PORTD.F0 = 1; //RD0 sends 1 to the sensor
delay_us(30);
TRISD.F0 = 1; //Configure RD0 as input
}
//////////////////////////////
void CheckResponse(){
Check = 0;
delay_us(40);
if (PORTD.F0 == 0){
delay_us(80);
if (PORTD.F0 == 1) Check = 1; delay_us(40);}
}
//////////////////////////////
char ReadData(){
char i, j;
for(j = 0; j < 8; j++){
while(!PORTD.F0); //Wait until PORTD.F0 goes HIGH
delay_us(30);
if(PORTD.F0 == 0)
i&= ~(1<<(7 - j)); //Clear bit (7-b)
else {i|= (1 << (7 - j)); //Set bit (7-b)
while(PORTD.F0);} //Wait until PORTD.F0 goes LOW
}
return i;
}
//////////////////////////////
void main() {
OSCCON = 0X70; // Set internal oscillator at 8MHz
ADCON1 = 0x0F; // Configure AN pins as digital
TRISD.F1 = 0;
Lcd_Init();
Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CURSOR_OFF); // cursor off
Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); // clear LCD
while(1){
StartSignal();
CheckResponse();
if(Check == 1){
RH_byte1 = ReadData();
RH_byte2 = ReadData();
T_byte1 = ReadData();
T_byte2 = ReadData();
Sum = ReadData();
if(Sum == ((RH_byte1+RH_byte2+T_byte1+T_byte2) & 0XFF)){
Temp = T_byte1;
RH = RH_byte1;
Lcd_Out(1, 6, "Temp: C");
Lcd_Out(2, 2, "Humidity: %");
LCD_Chr(1, 12, 48 + ((Temp / 10) % 10));
 LCD_Chr(1, 13, 48 + (Temp % 10));
LCD_Chr(2, 12, 48 + ((RH / 10) % 10));
LCD_Chr(2, 13, 48 + (RH % 10));
}
else{
Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CURSOR_OFF); // cursor off
Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); // clear LCD
Lcd_Out(1, 1, "Check sum error");}
}
else {
Lcd_Out(1, 3, "No response");
Lcd_Out(2, 1, "from the sensor");
}
delay_ms(1000);
}
}