Target Vocabulary : education

1 Types of education :

there are many types of education but the most frequent ones are : Formal , Non-formal, and informal education

Formal education : refers to the types of learning that are taking place in an educational institution ,
where there is a syllabus , a teacher and is usually recognised in a qualification or a certificate .
Non-formal education : it refers to a learning through programs (like formal education ) but it is not
usually evaluated and it does not lead to certification .
Informal education : it refers to any learning resulted from activities related to our daily life .
Vocational education: Prepares learners for careers or professions related to a specific trade,
occupation or vacation
Special education: Describes an educational alternative that focuses on the teaching of students with
special (behavioural, health academic or physical) needs that can not be met using traditional programs
or techniques.
Inclusive education: It is the one that addresses the learning needs of children, youth and adults
especially those who vulnerable to marginalization and exclusion
Gifted education: is a broad term for special practices, procedures and theories used in the education of
children who have been identified as gifted or talented
Basic education: The whole range of educational activities taking place in various settings (formal,
nonformal and informal) that aim t meet the basic learning needs such as reading, writing and arithmetic

Examples of Education:

Formal education : Secondary school vocational training workshop-university studies.

Non-formal education : Evening classes ,literacy classes.
Informal education : Theater, television, daily life in general .

2 Collocations
A collocation is a pair of words that generally goes or occurs together .Here are some that are related to
education.

Collocation related to
education
system
Education goals
background
subject
School year
uniform
lessons
Private
institution
 school
opportunities
Equal rights
status

Other collocation :

higher education
university graduate
free classes
learning needs
mixed classes
cultural background
adult illiteracy

Unit 2 gateway 2 (Cultural issues and values): Vocabulary

Value Meaning
1.culture 1. The arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively.

2. Altruism 2. Selflessness, generosity and kindness.

3.Citizenship 3. The set of rights and duties.

4. Initiative 4. The ability or opportunity to act before others do.

5. Tolerance 5. The ability to accept and respect the opinions and beliefs of others.

6. Intolerance 6. Unwillingness to accept views, beliefs, or behaviour that differ from ones own.

7.Coexistence 7. The ability to live together in harmony.

8.Cooperation 8. Participating and working together towards the same end or objective.

9. Equity 9. Equal treatment to anyone.

10. Diversity 10. Showing a great deal of variety; very different.

11. stereotype 11. A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person.

Compound adjectives
Compound adjectives are adjectives made up of two or more words usually with hyphens (-) between them. In
general we put a hyphen between two or more words (before a noun) when we want them to act as a single idea
(adjective) that describes something.

a well-known writer
 a brightly-lit room
deeply-rooted traditions
a good-looking boy
a free-standing tower
a tongue-tied boy
a sun-dried fruit
a short-sighted man
a long-haired lady
a world-famous singer
a last-minute solution
deep-sea diving
a part-time job

Vocabulary: Qualities of youth

adventure: willingness to take risk.
imagination: the mental ability of forming new ideas.
passion: intense enjoyment, interest, or excitement.
ambition: a strong desire to do or achieve something.
vigour: physical strength or good health.
creativity: the ability to generate new methods or innovative ideas.
vitality: the state of being strong and active
talent: natural aptitude, ability or skill.
audacity: courage, fearless, disposition to do something.

Noun Adjective Noun Adjective

Vitality Vital vigor Vigorous
imagination Imaginative adventure Adventurous
Passion Passionate creativity Creative
Talent Talented motivation Motivated
Audacity Audacious Courage courageous
Enthusiasm Enthusiastic Ambition ambitious
Skill Skilful Gift Gifted

Idiomatic expressions

an Idiom is an expression that can not be understood from the meanings of its separate words but that has a
separate meaning of its own. here are some examples:

Rain cats and dogs: to rain heavily. Its raining cats and dogs.
In the bag: Certain or extremely likely to occur. Dont worry about the final exam. Its in the bag.
Dead loss : something described as a dead loss is absolutely unsuccessful or useless (a complete
failure) When it comes to maths, my sister is a dead loss.
With flying colours : easily and excellently. They had their exam with flying colours.
Be a cold fish : be a person who is distant and unfeeling. He rarely talks to his colleagues. Hes a cold
fish.