Manik - ME 072052 Ruet

Chapter 13, Problem 1.
Manik_ME
072052
A 1000-lb satellite is placed in a circular orbit 3000 mi above the surface RUET
of the earth. At this elevation the acceleration of gravity is 8.03 ft/s 2 .
Knowing that its orbital speed is 14,000 mi/h, determine the kinetic
energy of the satellite.
Chapter 13, Solution 1.
Given: Weight of satellite, W = 1000 lb

Speed of satellite, v = 14, 000 mi/h
Find: Kinetic energy, T
h
v = (14,000 mi/h )( 5280 ft/mi ) = 20,533 ft/s
3600 s
Mass of satellite =
(1000 lb ) = 31.0559 lbs 2 /ft
(32.2 ft/s )
2
1 1 2
T = mv 2 = ( 31.0559 )( 20,533) = 6.5466 109 lb ft
2 2
T = 6.55 109 lb ft
Note: Acceleration of gravity has no effect on the mass of the satellite.
T = 6.55 109 lb ft !
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Chapter 13, Problem 2. Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 500-kg communications satellite is in a circular geosynchronous orbit
and completes one revolution about the earth in 23 h and 56 min at an
altitude of 35 800 km above the surface of the earth. Knowing that the
radius of the earth is 6370 km, determine the kinetic energy of the
satellite.
Circumference
v=
Time
v=
( 2 )( 6370 km + 35,800 km )(1000 m/km ) = 3075.2 m/s
( 23 hr )( 3600 s/hr ) + ( 56 min )( 60 s/hr )
v = 3075.2 m/s
1 1
mv 2 = ( 500 kg )( 3075.2 m/s)
2
Kinetic energy, T =
2 2
T = 2.36 GJ !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 2-kg stone is dropped from a height h and strikes the ground with a
velocity of 24 m/s. (a) Find the kinetic energy of the stone as it strikes the
ground and the height h from which it was dropped. (b) Solve part a,
assuming that the same stone is dropped on the moon. (Acceleration of
gravity on the moon = 1.62 m/s 2. )
Given: Mass of stone, m = 2 kg

Velocity of stone, v = 24 m/s
Acceleration of gravity on the moon, g m = 1.62 m/s 2

Find:
(a) Kinetic energy, T
Height h, from which the stone was dropped
(b) T and h on the Moon
1 2 1 2
(a) On the Earth T = mv = ( 2 kg )( 24 m/s ) = 576 N m T = 576 J !
2 2
( )
W = mg = ( 2 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 19.62 N
T1 = U1 2 = T2 T1 = 0 U1 2 = Wh T2 = 576 J
Wh = T2 h=
T2
=
( 576 N m ) = 29.36 m
W (19.62 N )
h = 29.4 m !
(b) On the Moon
Mass is unchanged. m = 2 kg
Thus T is unchanged. T = 576 J !
Weight on the moon is, (

Wm = mg m = ( 2 kg ) 1.62 m/s 2 )
Wm = 3.24 N
hm =
T
=
( 576 N m ) = 177.8 m
Wm 3.24 N
hm = 177.8 m !
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Manik_ME
072052
A golfer hits a 1.62-oz ball with an initial velocity of 160 ft/s at an angle
RUET
of 25 with the horizontal. Determine (a) the initial kinetic energy of the
ball, (b) the kinetic energy of the ball when it reaches its maximum
height.
1 lb 1
m = 1.6203 2
16 oz 32.2 ft/s
1 1 1.62
(a) T = m v2 = (160 ft/s)
2
2 2 16(32.2)
T = 40.2 ft-lb !
At maximum height,
v = vx = (160 ft/s) cos 25
1
(b) T = m (160cos 25)2
2
T = 33.1 ft-lb !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Packages are thrown down an incline at A with a velocity of 4 ft/s. The
packages slide along the surface ABC to a conveyor belt which moves
with a velocity of 8 ft/s. Knowing that k = 0.25 between the packages
and the surface ABC, determine the distance d if the packages are to
arrive at C with a velocity of 8 ft/s.
Use work and energy with position 1 at A and position 2 at C.

At 1
N1 mg cos 30 = 0
Fy = 0
N1 = mg cos 30
N 2 mg = 0
At 2 Fy = 0
N 2 = mg
Work and energy

T1 + V1 2 = T2 (1)
Where
1 1
T1 + m v12 = m (4 ft/s) 2 = 8 m
2 2
V1 2 = k N1 d k N 2 (20) + mg (d sin 30)
1 2 1
T2 = mv2 = m (8)2 = 32 m
2 2
Into (1)
8 m k mgd cos 30 k mg (20) + mgd sin 30 = 32 m
32 8 + k g 20 32 8 + (0.25) (32.2) (20)

Solve for d = = = 20.3 ft !
k g cos 30 + g sin 30 ( 0.25) (32.2) (0.866 + 32.2 (0.5))
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Manik_ME
A 50-lb package is projected up a 20 incline with an initial velocity 072052
of 40 ft/s. Knowing that the coefficient of kinetic friction between the RUET
package and the incline is 0.15, determine (a) the maximum distance x
that the package will move up the incline, (b) the velocity of the package
as it returns to its original position, (c) the total amount of energy
dissipated due to friction.
(a) Use work and energy from A to B. T1 + V1 2 = T2
1 1 50
T1 = mv12 = 2
(40) = 1242.24 ft lb
2 2 32.2
T2 = 0 (Stops at top)
U1 2 = Nx mg x sin 20
N is needed
Fy = 0 N = W cos 20 = (50 lb) cos 20 = 46.985 lb
So
U1 2 = 0.15(46.985) x 50sin 20 x
= 24.149 x
1242.24 24.149 x = 0
Substitute
x = 51.44 ft x = 51.4 ft !
(b) Package returns to A use work and energy from B to A

T2 + U 2 3 = T3
Where T2 = 0 (At B)
U 2 3 = W sin 20 x k Nx
= (50) sin 20 (51.44) 0.15(46.985) (51.44)
= 517.13 ft lb
1 1 50 2
T3 = mv32 = 2
v3 = 0.7764 v3
2 2 32.2
Substitute
0 + 517.13 = 0.7764 v32
v3 = 25.81 ft/s v3 = 25.8 ft/s 20 !
(c) Energy dissipated is equal to change of kinetic energy

1 1
T1 T3 = m v12 m v22
2 2
1 50 2 2
= (40 25.81 )
2 32.2
= 725 ft lb
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Energy dissipated = 725 ft lb !
Manik_ME
072052
A 2000-kg automobile starts from rest at point A on a 6o incline and
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coasts through a distance of 150 m to point B. The brakes are then
applied, causing the automobile to come to a stop at point C, 20 m from
B. Knowing that slipping is impending during the braking period and
neglecting air resistance and rolling resistance, determine (a) the speed of
the automobile at point B, (b) the coefficient of static friction between the
tires and the road.
Given: Automobile Weight W = mg = (2000 kg) (9.81)

W = 19, 620 N
Initial Velocity A, v A = 0 m/s
Incline Angle, = 6
Vehicle brakes at impending slip for 20 m from B to C
vC = 0
Find; speed of automobile at point B, vB

Coefficient of static friction,
(a) U A B = WhA B (19620 N) (150 m)sin 6

= 307.63 103 N m
1 2
U A B = TB TA = mv 0
2
1
307.63 103 N m = (2000 kg) vB2 0
2
vB = 17.54 m/s !
(b) U A C = WhA C Fd B C = TC TA = 0
d B C = 20 m F=N
Where = coefficient of static friction
U AC = (19620 N) (sin 6) (170 m) F (20 m)
F = (19620 N) cos 6
(19620 N) (sin 6) (170 m) (19620 N) (cos 6) (20 m) = 0
170
= tan 6 = 0.893 = 0.893 !
20
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 2000-kg automobile starts from rest at point A on a 6o incline and
coasts through a distance of 150 m to point B. The brakes are then fully
applied, causing the automobile to skid to a stop at point C, 20 m from B.
Knowing that the coefficient of dynamic friction between the tires and the
road is 0.75, determine the work done on the automobile by the combined
effects of air resistance and rolling resistance between points A and C.
Given: Automobile weight, W = (2000) (9.81) = 19620 N
Initial velocity at A, v A = 0 m/s
Incline Angle, = 6
Vehicle costs 150 m from A to B
Vehicle skids 20 m from B to C
Dynamic friction coefficient, = 0.75
Find: Work done on automobile by air resistance and rolling resistance between points A and C.
U AC = U R + WhAC F (20 m) = TC TA = 0
F = N = 0.75 (19620 N) cos 6
UR = Resistance work
= 0.75 (19620 N) cos 6 (20 m) (19620 N)sin 6 (170 m)
U R = 56.0 103 N m
or 56.0 103 J !
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072052
RUET
A 90-lb package is at rest on an incline when a constant force P is applied
to it. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the package and the
incline is 0.35. Knowing that the speed of the package is 2 ft/s after it has
moved 3 ft up the incline, determine the magnitude of the force P.
FN = N 90cos 20 P sin 50 = 0
N = 90 cos 20 + P sin 50
U1 2 = [ P cos 50 90sin 20 0.35 N](3 ft)
1 90 lb 2
T2 = (2 ft/s)
2 32.2 ft/s 2
( P cos 50) 3 (90sin 20) (3) 0.35 (90cos 20 + P sin 50)3 = T2
1 90 2
P (3 cos 50 0.35(3) sin 50) = 90sin 20 (3) + 0.35 (90cos 20) (3) + (2)
2 32.2
186.736
P= = 166.1 lb !
1.12402
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072052
RUET
A 3-lb model rocket is launched vertically from rest with a constant thrust
of 5.5 lb until the rocket reaches an altitude of 50 ft and the thrust ends.
Neglecting air resistance, determine (a) the speed of the rocket when the
thrust ends, (b) the maximum height reached by the rocket, (c) the speed
of the rocket when it returns to the ground.
(a) First stage: U1 2 = (5.5 3) (50) = 125 lb ft = T2

1 3 2
T2 = v2
2 32.2
v2 = 51.8 ft/s !
(b) At the top: U 2 3 = 3(h 50) = 0 125
275
h = , h = 91.7 ft !
3
1 3 2
(c) At the return: U 3 4 = + 3(91.6667) = T4 = v4
2 32.2
v4 = 76.8 ft/s !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
The 7-kg block A is released from rest in the position shown. Neglecting
the effect of friction and the masses of the pulleys, determine the velocity
of the block after it has moved 0.6 m up the incline.
Given: Block A is released from rest and moves up incline 0.6 m.
Friction and other masses are neglected

Find: Velocity of the block after 0.6 m, v
From the Law of Cosines
d 2 = (1.2) 2 + (0.6)2 2(1.2) (0.6) cos 15
d 2 = 0.4091 m 2
d = 0.63958 m
U C = WC (Distance pulley C lowered)
1
WA = 7(9.81) = 68.67 N = 140 N (1.2 0.63958) m = 39.229 N m
2
U A = 68.67 N (sin15) (0.6 m) = 10.6639 N m
U = T2 T1 = U C U A
1
mA v 2 0 = U C U A
2
1
(7 kg) v 2 = (39.229 10.6639) N m
2
v 2 = 8.1615
v = 2.857 m/s v = 2.86 m/s 15 !
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072052
RUET
The 7-kg block A is released in the position shown with a velocity of
1.5 m/s up the incline. Knowing that the velocity of the block is 3 m/s
after it has moved 0.6 m up the incline, determine the work done by the
friction force exerted on the block. Neglect the masses of the pulleys.
Given: Block A is released at the position shown at a velocity of

1.5 m/s up.
After moving 0.6 m the velocity is 3 m/s.

Find: work done by friction force on the block, Vf J
From the Law of Cosines
d 2 = (1.2) 2 + (0.6)2 2(1.2) (0.6) (cos 15)
d 2 = 0.4091m 2
d = 0.63958m
UC = 140 N (1.2 0.63958) m = 39.229 N m

1
2
WA = 7(9.81) = 68.67 N
U A = 68.67 N (sin15) (0.6 m) = 10.664 N m
1
U C + U A U friction = T2 T1 = mA [v22 v12 ]
2
1
39.229 10.664 U friction = (7 kg)[(3)2 (1.5) 2 ] m 2
2
U friction = 39.229 + 10.664 + 23.625
= 4.94 J
U friction = 4.94 J !
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Manik_ME
072052
Boxes are transported by a conveyor belt with a velocity v 0 to a fixed
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incline at A where they slide and eventually fall off at B. Knowing that
k = 0.40, determine the velocity of the conveyor belt if the boxes leave
the incline at B with a velocity of 2 m/s.
Given: At A, v = v0
For AB, k = 0.40

At B, v = 2 m/s
Find: v0
1 2 1 2 1 2
TA = mv0 TB = mvB = m ( 2 m/s )
2 2 2
TB = 2 m
U A B = (W sin15 k N ) ( 6 m )
F = 0 N Wcos15 = 0
N = W cos15
U A B = W ( sin15 0.40cos15 )( 6 m )
U A B = ( 0.76531) W = 0.76531 mg
TA + U A B = TB
1 2
mv0 0.76531 mg = 2 m
2
( (
v02 = ( 2) 2 + ( 0.76531) 9.81 m/s 2 ))
v02 = 19.0154
v0 = 4.36 m/s !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Boxes are transported by a conveyor belt with a velocity v 0 to a fixed
incline at A where they slide and eventually fall off at B. Knowing that
k = 0.40, determine the velocity of the conveyor belt if the boxes are to
have a zero velocity at B.
Given: At A, v = v0
At B, v=0
For AB, k = 0.40
Find: v0
1 2
TA = mv0 TB = 0
2
U A B = (Wsin15 k N ) ( 6 m )
F = 0 N W cos15 = 0
N = W cos15
U A B = W ( sin15 0.40cos15 )( 6 m )
U A B = ( 0.76531) W = 0.76531 mg
TA + U A B = TB
1 2
mv0 0.76531 mg = 0
2
(
v02 = ( 2 )( 0.76531) 9.81 m/s 2 )
v02 = 15.015
v0 = 3.87 m/s !
Down to the left.
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Manik_ME
072052
The subway train shown is traveling at a speed of 54 km/h when the
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brakes are fully applied on the wheels of cars B and C, causing them to
slide on the track, but are not applied on the wheels of car A. Knowing
that the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.35 between the wheels and the
track, determine (a) the distance required to bring the train to a stop,
(b) the force in each coupling.
Car C Fy 0 NC M C g = 0 NC = (35 103 kg) (9.81 m/s 2 ) = 343.35 103 N
So, FC = (0.35) (343.35 103 ) = 120.173 103 N
Car B Fy = 0 N B M B g = 0 N B = (45 103 kg) (9.81m/s 2 ) = 441.45 103 N
So, FB = 0.35(441.45 103 ) = 154.508 103 N

Also,
v1 = (54 km/h) (1h/3600s) (1000 m/km) = 15 m/s
(a) Work and energy for the train
T1 + U1 2 = T2
1
(35 103 + 45 103 + 35 103 ) (15)2 (120.173 103 + 154.508 103 ) x = 0
2
x = 47.10 m
x = 47.1 m !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
(b) Force in each coupling
Car A T1 + U1 2 = T2
1
2
( )
35 103 (15) FAB ( 47.10) = 0
2
FAB = 83.599 103 N
FAB = 83.6 kN !
Tension
T1 + U1 x = T2
Car C
1
2
( ) ( )
35 103 (15) + FBC 120.173 103 ( 47.10) = 0
2
Solve for FBC

FBC = 36.6 103 N
FBC = 36.6 kN !
Tension
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Manik_ME
072052
Solve Prob. 13.15, assuming that the brakes are applied only on the RUET
wheels of car A.
Fy = 0 N A M A g = 0
Car A
( )
NA = 35 103 ( 9.81) = 343.35 103 N
so,
( )
FA = ( 0.35) 343.35 103 = 120.173 103 N
v1 = ( 54 km/h ) = 15 m/s
(a) Work - energy for the entire train
T1 + U1 2 = T2
1
2
( ) ( ) ( )
35 103 + 45 103 + 35 103 (15 ) 120.173 103 x = 0

2
x = 107.66 m
x = 107.7 m !
(b) Force in each coupling
Car A
T1 + U1 2 = T2
1
2
( ) 2
(
35 103 (15) FAB + 120.173 103 ) (107.66) = 0
FAB = 83.60 103 N
FAB = 83.6 kN !
Compression
Car C
T1 + U1 2 = T2
1
2
( )
35 103 (15) + FBC (107.66) = 0
2
FBC = 36.57 103 N
FBC = 36.6 kN !
Compression
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Manik_ME
072052
Car B is towing car A with 15-ft cable at a constant speed of 30 ft/s on an
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uphill grade when the brakes of car B are fully applied causing it to skid
to a stop. Car A, whose driver had not observed that car B was slowing
down, then strikes the rear of car B. Neglecting air resistance and rolling
resistance and assuming a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.9, determine
the speed of car A just before the collision.
Given: Car B towing car A uphill at A constant speed of 30 ft/s

Car B:
Car B skids to a stop. k = 0.9
Car A strikes rear of car B.
Find: Speed of car A before collision, vA
Let d = Distance traveled by car B after braking.
1
U1 2 = T2 T1 m vB2 = ( mg sin 5 F ) d
2
1
m ( 30)
2
d = 2
mg sin 5+ 0.9 mg cos 5
450 450
d = =
32.2 ( sin 5+ 0.9 cos 5) ( 32.2)( 0.9837 )
d = 14.206 ft traveled by B
Car A: For car A, travel to contact

1 1
U1 C = TA T1 = mv A2 mv12
2 2
1 1
( mg sin 5)( d + 15) = mv A2 m ( 30 )
2
2 2
1 2
v A 450 = ( 32.2sin 5 )(14.206 + 15)
2
1 2
v A = 368.036
2
v A = 27.13 v A = 27.1 ft/s !
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Manik_ME
072052
Car B is towing car A at a constant speed of 30 ft/s on an uphill grade RUET
when the brakes of car A are fully applied causing all four wheels to skid.
The driver of car B does not change the throttle setting or change gears.
The weights of cars A and B are 3000 lb and 2500 lb, respectively, and
the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.8. Neglecting air resistance and
rolling resistance, determine (a) the distance traveled by the cars before
they come to a stop, (b) the tension in the cable.
Given: Car B tows car A at 30 ft/s uphill.

Car A brakes for 4 wheels skid k = 0.8
Car B continues in same gear and throttle setting.
Find: (a) distance, d, traveled to stop
(b) tension in cable
(a) F1 = Traction force (from equilibrium)
F1 = ( 3000 ) sin 5 + ( 2500 ) sin 5
NB = 2500 cos 5 = 5500sin 5

NA = 3000 cos 5
For system A + B
F = 0.8 NA
U1 2 = ( F1 3000 sin 5 2500sin 5) F d
1 1 5500
( 30)
2
T2 T1 = 0 mA + B v2 =
2 2 32.2
Since ( F1 3000 sin 5 2500 sin 5) = 0

Fd = 0.8 ( 3000 cos 5) d = 76863 ft lb
d = 32.1 ft !
(b) cable tension, T
U1 2 = (T 0.8 N A WA sin 5 )( 32.149 ) = T2 T1
3000 ( 30 )
2
(T 0.8 ( 3000 )( cos 5) 3000 sin 5 ) ( 32.149 ) = 2 ( 32.2 )
(T 2652.3) = 1304
= 1348 lb
T = 1348 lb !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
The two blocks shown are released from rest. Neglecting the masses of
the pulleys and the effect of friction in the pulleys and between the blocks
and the incline, determine (a) the velocity of block A after it has moved
1.5 ft, (b) the tension in the cable.
Given: Blocks A, B released from rest and friction and masses of pulleys
neglected.
Find: (a) Velocity of block A, vA, after moving down dA = 1.5 ft.
(b) The tension in the cable.
1
(a) constraint v A + 3 vB = 0 vB = vA
3
1
Also, dB = dA
3
U1 2 = WA ( sin 30) d A WB ( sin 30) d B
1.5
= 20 ( sin 30 )(1.5 ) 16 ( sin 30 )
3
= 11 ft lb
1 1
T1 = 0, T2 = m A v A2 + mB vB2
2 2
2
1 20 2 1 16 v A 2
= vA + = 0.33816 v A
2 32.2 2 32.2 3
U1 2 = T2 T1 ; 11 = 0.33816 v A2
v A = 5.703 v A = 5.70 ft/s 30 !

(b) For A alone
1
U1 2 = WA ( sin 30) d A T ( d A ) = mA ( v A )
2
2
1 20 2
20 ( 0.5 )(1.5 ) T (1.5 ) = ( 5.703) = 10.102
2 32.2
T = 3.265 ft lb
T = 3.27 ft lb !
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Manik_ME
072052
The system shown, consisting of a 20-kg collar A and a 10-kg RUET
counterweight B, is at rest when a constant 500-N force is applied to
collar A. (a) Determine the velocity of A just before it hits the support at
C. (b) Solve part a assuming that the counterweight B is replaced by a
98.1-N downward force. Ignore friction and the mass of the pulleys.
Given: System at rest when 500 N force is applied to collar A. No

friction. Ignore pulleys mass.
Find: (a) Velocity, v A of A just before it hits C.
(b) v A If counter weight B is replaced by a 98.1 N

downward force.
Kinematics
X B = 2X A
vB = 2v A
(a) Blocks A and B
1 1
T1 = 0 T2 = mBvB2 + mAv A2
2 2
T2 =
1
2
1
(10 kg )( 2vA )2 + ( 20 kg ) vA2
2
( )
2
T2 = ( 30 kg )( v A )
U1 2 = ( 500 ) X A + (WA )( X A ) (WB )( X B )
( )
U1 2 = ( 500 N )( 0.6 m ) + 20 kg 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.6 m )
(
10 kg 9.81 m/s 2 (1.2 m ))
U1 2 = 300 + 117.72 117.72 = 300 J
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
T1 + U1 2 = T2 0 + 300 J = ( 30 kg ) v A2
v A2 = 10
v A = 3.16 m/s !
(b) Since the 10 kg mass at B is replaced by a 98.1 N force, kinetic
energy at 2 is,
1 1
T2 = mAv A2 = ( 20 kg ) v A2 T1 = 0
2 2
The work done is the same as in part (a)
U1 2 = 300 J
T1 + U1 2 = T2 0 + 300 J = (10 kg ) v A2
v A2 = 30
v A = 5.48 m/s !
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Manik_ME
The 10-kg block A and the 4-kg block B are both at a height h = 0.5 m 072052
above the ground when the system is released from rest. After A hits the
ground without rebound it is observed that B reaches a maximum height
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of 1.18 m. Determine (a) the speed of A just before impact, (b) the
amount of energy dissipated by axle friction in the pulley.
Given: mA = 10 kg; mB = 4 kg; h = 0.5 m

System released from rest.
Block A hits the ground without rebound.
Block B reaches a height of 1.18 m.
Find: (a) v A just before block A hits the ground.
(b) Energy, EP , dissipated by the pulley friction.
(a) vB at 2 = v A at 2 just before impact.
from 2 to 3; Block B
1 1
T3 = 0 T2 = mB vB2 = ( 4 ) vB2 = 2vB2
2 2
Tension in the cord is zero, thus
( )
U 2 3 = ( 4 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.18 m ) = 7.0632 J
T2 + U 2 3 = T3; 2vB2 = 7.0632; vB2 = 3.5316

vB2 = v A2 = 3.5316 vB = v A = 1.8793 v A = 1.879 m/s !
(b) From 1 to 2 Blocks A and B,
1
T1 = 0 T2 = ( mA + mB ) v22
2
Just before impact v2 = vB = v A = 1.793 m/s
1
T2 = (10 + 4 )(1.8793)2 = 24.722 J
2
U1 2 = WA ( 0.5 ) WB ( 0.5 ) EP ;
EP = Energy dissipated by pulley
( )
U1 2 = 9.81 m/s 2 (10 4 ) kg ( 0.5 m ) EP = 29.43 EP

T1 + U1 2 = T2 ; 0 + 29.43 EP = 24.722
EP = 4.708 EP = 4.71 J !
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072052
RUET
Two blocks A and B, of mass 8 kg and 10 kg, respectively, are connected
by a cord which passes over pulleys as shown. A 6-kg collar C is placed
on block A and the system is released from rest. After the blocks move
1.8 m, collar C is removed and blocks A and B continue to move.
Determine the speed of block A just before it strikes the ground.
Given: mA = 8 kg; mB = 10 kg; mC = 6 kg

System released from rest.
Collar C removed after blocks move 1.8 m.
Find: v A , just before it strikes the ground.
Position 1 to position 2
v1 = 0 T1 = 0
At 2, before C is removed from the system
1
T2 = ( mA + mB + mC ) v22
2
1
T2 = ( 24 kg ) v22 = 12v22
2
U1 2 = ( mA + mC mB ) g (1.8 m )
U1 2 = ( 8 + 6 10 ) g (1.8 m ) = 70.632 J
T1 + U1 2 = T2 ; 0 + 70.632 = 12v22
v22 = 5.886
Position 2 to position 3
1 18
T2 = ( mA + mB ) v22 = ( 5.886 ) = 52.974
2 2
1
T3 = ( mA + mB ) v32 = 9v32
2
( )
U 2 3 = ( m A mB ) g ( 2 0.6 ) = ( 2 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 (1.4 m )
U 2 3 = 27.468 J
T2 + U 2 3 = T3 = 52.974 27.468 = 9v32

v32 = 2.834 v3 = 1.68345 v A = 1.683 m/s !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Four 3-kg packages are held in place by friction on a conveyor
which is disengaged from its drive motor. When the system is
released from rest, package 1 leaves the belt at A just as package
4 comes onto the inclined portion of the belt at B. Determine (a)
the velocity of package 2 as it leaves the belt at A, (b) the
velocity of package 3 as it leaves the belt at A. Neglect the mass
of the belt and rollers.
Given: Conveyor is disengaged, packages held by friction and system is released from rest. Neglect mass of
belt and rollers. Package 1 leaves the belt as package 4 comes onto the belt.
Find: (a) Velocity of package 2 as it leaves the belt at A.
(b) Velocity of package 3 as it leaves the belt at A.
(a) Package 1 falls off the belt, and 2, 3, 4 move down.
2.4
= 0.8 m
3
1
T2 = 3 mv22
2
3
T2 = ( 3 kg ) v22
2
T2 = 4.5v22
U1 2 = ( 3)(W )( 0.8 ) = ( 3)( 3 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.8 )
U1 2 = 70.632 J
T1 + U1 2 = T2 0 + 70.632 = 4.5v22
v22 = 15.696
v2 = 3.9618 v2 = 3.96 m/s !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
An 8-kg plunger is released from rest in the position shown and
is stopped by two nested springs; the constant of the outer spring
is k1 = 3 kN/m and the constant of the inner spring is k2 = 10
kN/m. If the maximum deflection of the outer spring is observed
to be 150 mm, determine the height h from which the plunger
was released.
Work and energy T1 + U1 2 = T2 (1)
Where T1 = 0; T2 = 0
Work
1 1 N 2
Outer spring V1 2 = k1 x 2 = 3000 (1.5 m )
2 2 m
= 33.75 J
1 1 N 2
Inner spring U1 2 = k2 x 2 = 10, 000 ( 0.06 m )
2 2 m
= 18 J
Gravity U1 2 = mg ( h + 0.15)
= (8)( 9.81)( h + 0.15) = 78.48 h + 11.722
Total work U1 2 = 33.75 18 + 78.48 h + 11.772
= 39.978 + 78.48 h
Substituting into (1)
0 39.978 + 78.48 h = 0
h = 0.5094 m
h = 509 mm !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
An 8-kg plunger is released from rest in the position shown and
is stopped by two nested springs; the constant of the outer spring
is k1 = 3 kN/m and the constant of the inner spring is k2 = 10
kN/m. If the plunger is released from a height h = 600 mm,
determine the maximum deflection of the outer spring.
Work and energy

Assume x > 0.09 m
T1 + U1 2 = T2 (1)
Where T1 = 0; T2 = 0
Work
1 1
Outer spring U1 21 = k1 x 2 = ( 3000 ) x 2 = 1500 x 2
2 2
1
k2 ( x 0.09) = 5000 ( x 0.09)
2 2
Inner spring U1 22 =
2
Gravity U1 2 = mg ( x + 0.6)
= ( 8 )( 9.81)( x + 0.6 ) = 78.48x + 47.09

Total work
2
U1 2 = 1500 x 2 5000 ( x 0.09 ) + 78.48 x + 47.09
Substitute into (1)

6500 x 2 + 978.48 x + 6.588 = 0
Solve
x = 0.1570 m or 0.00646
Reject negative solution x = 157.0 mm !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 0.7-lb block rests on top of a 0.5-lb block supported by but
not attached to a spring of constant 9 lb/ft. The upper block is
suddenly removed. Determine (a) the maximum velocity
reached by the 0.5-lb block, (b) the maximum height reached by
the 0.5-lb block.
Given: A 0.7 lb block rests on a 0.5 lb block which is not attached to a

spring of constant 9 lb/ft; upper block is suddenly removed.
Find: (a) vmax of 0.5 lb block

(b) maximum height reached by the 0.5 lb block
(a) At the initial position (1), the force in the spring equals the weight of both
blocks, i.e., 1.2 lb.
Thus at a distance x, the force in the spring is,
Fs = 1.2 kx
Fs = 1.2 9 x
Max velocity of the 0.5 lb block occurs while the spring is still in contact
with the block.
1 2 1 0.5 2 0.25 2
T1 = 0 T2 = mv = v = v
2 2 g g
9 2
U1 2 = 0 (1.2 9 x ) dx 0.5x = 0.7 x
x
x
2
9 2 0.25 2
T1 + U1 2 = T2 = 0.7 x x = v
2 g
9
v 2 = 4 g 0.7 x x 2
2
dv
Vmax when = 0 = 0.7 9 x x = 0.077778 ft
dx
9 2
2
vmax = 4 g 0.7 ( 0.077778 ) ( 0.077778 )
2
2
vmax = 3.5063
vmax = 1.87249
vmax = 1.872 ft/s !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
(b) x0 = Initial compression
1.2 lb
x0 = = 0.133333 ft
9 lb/ft
Fs = 1.2 9 x
T1 = 0, T3 = 0
x
U1 3 = 0 0 Fs dx 0.5h
U1 3 = 0 0 (1.2 9 x ) dx 0.5h
x
9 2
= 1.2 x0 x0 0.5h
2
9
= 1.2 ( 0.133333) ( 0.133333)2 0.5h
2
= 0.08 0.5h
T1 + U1 3 = T3 : 0 + ( 0.08 0.5h ) = 0
h = 0.16 ft
h = 1.920 in. !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
Chapter 13, Problem 28. 072052
RUET
Solve Prob. 13.27, assuming that the 0.5-lb block is attached to

the spring.
(a) Same as 13.25 solution for Part (a) vmax = 1.872 ft/s !
(b) With 0.5 lb block attached to the spring, refer to figure in (b) of Problem 13.27.
U1 3 = 0 (1.2 9 x ) dx 0.5h
h
T1 = 0 T3 = 0
Since the spring remains attached to the 0.5 lb block,

the integration must be carried out for the total distance, h.
9 2
T1 + U1 3 = T3 0 + 0.7h h =0
2
2
h= ( 0.7 lb ) = 0.155556 ft
9 lb/ft
h = 1.86667 in.
h = 1.867 in. !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 7.5-lb collar is released from rest in the position shown, slides
down the inclined rod, and compresses the spring. The direction
of motion is reversed and the collar slides up the rod. Knowing
that the maximum deflection of the spring is 5 in., determine (a)
the coefficient of kinetic friction between the collar and the rod,
(b) the maximum speed of the collar.
Position 1, initial condition

Position 2, spring deflected 5 inches
Position 3, initial contact of spring with collar
2
18 + 5 1 5 18 + 5
U1 2 = F ( 60 ) + 7.5 sin 30
12 2 12 12
(Friction) (Spring) (Gravity)
T1 = T2 = 0, U1 2 = 0
2
23 1 5 23
0 = ( 7.5) ( 0.866) ( 60) + 7.5 ( 0.5)
12 2 12 12
(a) = 0.1590 !
(b) Max speed occurs just before contact with the spring
18 18 1 7.5 2
U1 3 = ( 7.5) ( 0.866) + 7.5 ( 0.5) = T3 = vmax
12 12 2 32.2
vmax = 5.92 ft/s !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
A 10-kg block is attached to spring A and connected to spring B 072052
by a cord and pulley. The block is held in the position shown RUET
with both springs unstretched when the support is removed and
the block is released with no initial velocity. Knowing that the
constant of each spring is 2 kN/m, determine (a) the velocity of
the block after it has moved down 50 mm,
(b) the maximum velocity achieved by the block.
(a) W = Weight of the block = 10 ( 9.81) = 98.1 N
1
xB = xA
2
1 1
U1 2 = W ( x A ) k A ( x A ) k B ( xB )
2 2
2 2
(Gravity) (Spring A) (Spring B)
1
U1 2 = ( 98.1 N )( 0.05 m ) ( 2000 N/m )( 0.05 m )2
2
1
( 2000 N/m ) ( 0.025 m )2
2
1 1
U1 2 = ( m) v 2 = (10 kg ) v2
2 2
1
4.905 2.5 0.625 = (10) v2
2
v = 0.597 m/s !
(b) Let x = Distance moved down by the 10 kg block
2
1 1 x 1
U1 2 = W ( x ) k A ( x ) kB = ( m) v 2
2
2 2 2 2
d 1
( m) v2 = 0 = W k A ( x ) B ( 2 x)
k

dx 2 8
2000
0 = 98.1 2000 ( x ) ( 2 x ) = 98.1 ( 2000 + 250) x
8
x = 0.0436 m ( 43.6 mm )
1
For x = 0.0436, U = 4.2772 1.9010 0.4752 = (10) v 2
2
vmax = 0.6166 m/s
vmax = 0.617 m/s !

ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
RUET
A 10-kg block is attached to spring A and connected to spring B

by a cord and pulley. The block is held in the position shown
with spring A stretched 25 mm and spring B unstretched when
the support is removed and the block is released with no initial
velocity. Knowing that the constant of each spring is 2 kN/m,
determine (a) the velocity of the block after it has moved down
25 mm, (b) the maximum velocity achieved by the block.
(a) W = Weight of the block = (10)(9.81) = 98.1 N

1
xB = xA
2
Block moves down at release after spring A is stretched 25 mm
1 1
U1 2 = W ( x A ) + k A ( x A ) 2 k B ( xB ) 2
2 2
(Gravity) (Spring A) (Spring B)
1
U1 2 = (98.1 N)(0.025 m) + (2000 N/m)(0.025 m)2
2
1
(2000 N/m)(0.0125 m) 2
2
1 1
= (m)v 2 = (10 kg)v 2
2 2
1
U1 2 = 2.4525 + 0.625 0.15625 = (10)v 2
2
v = 0.764 m/s v = 0.764 m/s !
(b) Let x = Distance moved down by the 10 kg block
(for x > 25 mm)
1 1
U1 2 = Wx + k A (0.025) k A ( x 0.025) 2
2 2
2
1 x 1
k B = ( M )v 2
2 2 2
2
1 1 1 x
U1 2 = 98.1x + (2000)(0.025) 2 (2000)( x 0.025)2 (2000)
2 2 2 2
1
= (10)v 2
2
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
d 1 x
0= (10)v 2 = 98.1 2000( x 0.025) 2000
dx 2 4
= 98.1 2000 x + 50 500 x
148.1
x= = 0.05924 m ( = 59.24 mm)
2500
For x = 0.05924 m
U1 2 = 98.1(0.05924) + 0.625 1000(0.03424) 2 0.87734
1
5.8114 + 0.625 1.1724 0.87734 = (10)v 2
2
vmax = 0.937 m/s
vmax = 0.937 m/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
An uncontrolled automobile traveling at 100 km/h strikes squarely a
highway crash cushion of the type shown in which the automobile is
brought to rest by successively crushing steel barrels. The magnitude F of
the force required to crush the barrels is shown as a function of the distance
x the automobile has moved into the cushion. Knowing that the automobile
has a mass of 1000 kg and neglecting the effect of friction, determine
(a) the distance the automobile will move into the cushion before it comes
to rest, (b) the maximum deceleration of the automobile.
(a)
Assume auto stops in 1.5 < d < 4 m.

1 2 1
mv1 = (1000 kg )( 27.778 m/s )
2
v1 = 27.778 m/s T1 =
2 2
= 385809 J = 385.81 kJ
T2 = 0 v2 = 0
U1 2 = (80 kN )(1.5 m ) + (120 kN )( d 1.5 ) = 120 + 120d 180 = 120d 60
T1 + U1 2 = T2 385.81 = 120d 60 d = 3.715 m
d = 3.72 m !
Assumption that d < 4 m is O.K.
(b) Maximum deceleration occurs when F is largest.
For d = 3.3401 m, F = 120 kN, thus F = maD
(120,000 N ) = (1000 kg )( aD )
aD = 120 m/s 2
aD = 120.0 m/s 2 !
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Manik_ME
072052
A piston of mass m and cross-sectional area A is in equilibrium under the RUET
pressure p at the center of a cylinder closed at both ends. Assuming that
the piston is moved to the left a distance a/2 and released, and knowing
that the pressure on each side of the piston varies inversely with the
volume, determine the velocity of the piston as it again reaches the center
of the cylinder. Neglect friction between the piston and the cylinder and
express your answer in terms of m, a, p, and A.
Pressures vary inversely as the volume
PL Aa Pa
= PL =
P Ax x
PR Aa Pa
= PR =
P A ( 2a x ) ( 2a x )
a
Initially at 1 v=0 x=
2
T1 = 0
1 2
At 2, x = a, T2 = mv
2
1 1
u1 2 = a ( PL PR ) Adx = a PaA
a a
dx
2 2 x 2a x
a
u1 2 = paA ln x + ln ( 2a x ) a
2
a 3a
u1 2 = paA ln a + ln a ln ln
2
2
3a 2 4
u1 2 = paA ln a 2 ln = paA ln
4 3
4 1
T1 + U1 2 = T2 0 + paA ln = mv 2
3 2
4
2 paA ln
3 = 0.5754 paA paA
v2 = v = 0.759 !
m m m
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Express the acceleration of gravity g h at an altitude h above the surface
of the earth in terms of the acceleration of gravity g0 at the surface of the
earth, the altitude h, and the radius R of the earth. Determine the percent
error if the weight that an object has on the surface of the earth is used as
its weight at an altitude of (a) 1 km, (b) 1000 km.
GM E m GM E m / R 2
F = = = mg h
( h + R) ( )
2 h 2
R
+1
GM E m
At earths surface ( h = 0 ) = mg 0
R2
GM E
GM E R2
= g0 gh =
R2 ( Rh + 1)
2
g0
Thus gh =
( Rh + 1)
2
R = 6370 km
At altitude h, true weight F = mg h = WT
Assume weight W0 = mg 0
W0 WT mg0 mg h g gh
Error = E = = = 0
W0 mg0 g0
g0
g0
( )
2
g0 1+ Rh 1
gh = E = = 1
2
( Rh + 1) ( )
2
g0 1 + Rh

1
(a) h = 1 km: P = 100E = 100 1
2

1
1 + 6370 ( )
P = 0.0314% !

1
(b) h = 1000 km: P = 100E = 100 1
2
1 + 1000
6370 ( )
P = 25.3% !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A rocket is fired vertically from the surface of the moon with a speed v0.
RUET
Derive a formula for the ratio hn / hu of heights reached with a velocity
v, if Newtons law of gravitation is used to calculate hn and a uniform
gravitational field is used to calculate hu . Express your answer in terms
of the acceleration of gravity g m on the surface of the moon, the
radius Rm of the moon, and the speeds v and v0.
Newtons law of gravitation

1 2 1 2
T1 = mv0 T2 = mv
2 2
R + hn mg m R 2 m
u1 2 = R m ( Fn ) dr Fn =
m r2
R + hn dr
u1 2 = mg m R 2 m R m
m r2
1 1
u1 2 = mg m R 2 m
Rm Rm + hn
T1 + U1 2 = T2
1 2 Rm 1 2
mv0 + mg m Rm = mv
2 Rm + hn 2

hn =
(v 2
0 v2 ) Rm
(1)
2
2 gm ( v0 v )
2
R 2 gm
m
Uniform gravitational field
1 2
T1 = mv0 T2 = mv 2
2
R + hn
u1 2 = R m
m
( Fu ) dr = mg m ( Rm + hu Rm ) = mghu
1 2 1
T1 + u1 2 = T2 mv0 mg m hu = mv 2
2 2
hu =
(v 2
0 v2 ) (2)
2gm
hn 1
Divide (1) by (2) = !
hu ( v02 v2 )
1 (2g R )
m m
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A meteor starts from rest at a very great distance from the earth. Knowing
that the radius of the earth is 3960 mi and neglecting all forces except the
gravitational attraction of the earth, determine the speed of the meteor
(a) when it enters the ionosphere at an altitude of 620 mi, (b) when it
enters the stratosphere at an altitude of 30 mi, (c) when it strikes the
earths surface.
R = (3960 mi)(5280 ft/mi) = 20.9088 106 ft
GMm GMm
U1 2 = T2 T1 =
r2 r1
Since r1 is very large,
GMm
0 thus T1 0
r1
1 2 GMm v 2 R2
mv = , = g
2 r2 2 r2
( )( )
2
2 2gR 2 2 32.2 ft/s 2 20.9088 106 ft
v = =
r2 r2
(a) For r2 = 20.9088 106 ft + ((620 mi)(5280 ft/mi))
= 24.1824 106 ft
v = 34,121 ft/s v = 6.46 mi/s !
(b) For r2 = 20.9088 106 ft + ((30 mi)(5280 ft/mi))
= 21.0672 106 ft
v = 36,557 ft/s v = 6.92 mi/s !
(c) For r2 = 20.9088 106 ft/s

v = 36, 695 ft/s v = 6.95 mi/s !
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Manik_ME
072052
During a flyby of the earth, the velocity of a spacecraft is 6.5 mi/s as it
RUET
reaches its minimum altitude of 620 mi above the surface at point O. At
point B the spacecraft is observed to have an altitude of 5200 mi.
Assuming that the trajectory of the spacecraft is parabolic, determine its
speed at (a) point A, (b) point B.
r0 = 620 mi + 3960 mi = 4580 mi = 24,182, 400 ft
rB = 3960 mi + 5200 mi = 9160 mi = 48,364,800 ft
Parabola: y = Kx 2
2
At B: r0 = KrB2 24,182,400 ft = K ( 48,364,800 ft )
K = 10.3381 109 ft 1
At A: x A = rA ( sin 45 ) , y A = Kx A2 = r0 rA ( cos 45 )
2
r0 rA ( cos 45 ) = KrA2 ( sin 45 )
Kx A2 + x A r0 = 0
v0 = (6.5)(5280) = 34,320 ft/s
xA =
1
2K
(
1 + 1 + 4 Kr0 )
x A = 20.0334 106 ft, rA =14.1657 106 ft.
GMm GMm 1 1
(a) U0 A = = mv A2 mv02
rA r0 2 2
1 1
( )
2
GM = 32.2 20.9088 106 , v A2 = v02 + 2GM
rA r0
2 1 1
v A2 = ( 34320 ) + 2GM 6
6
14.1657 10 24.1824 10
v A = 44734 ft/s v A = 8.47 mi/s !
1 1
(b) vB2 = v02 + 2GM
rB r0
2 1 1
vB2 = ( 34320 ) + 2GM 6
6
48.3648 10 28.1824 10
vB = 24408 ft/s vB = 4.62 mi/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A bullet is fired straight up from the surface of the moon with an initial
velocity of 600 m/s. Determine the maximum elevation reached by the
bullet, (a) assuming a uniform gravitational field with g = 1.62 m/s2,
(b) using Newtons law of gravitation. (Radius of moon = 1740 km.)
(a) g = 1.62 m/s 2 Use work and energy T1 + U1 2 = T2 (1)
1 2 1
where T1 = mv1 = m(600)2 = 180,000 m
2 2
T2 = 0 (maximum elevation)
U1 2 = mgh
= m (1.62) h = 1.62 mh
Substituting into (1) 180,000 m 1.62 mh = 0
h = 111.11 103 m
h = 111.1 km !
GMm
(b) F = so T1 = 180, 000 m (same as above)
R2
GMm
W = = mg GM = gR 2
R2
GMm
At some elevation r F=
r2
so,
R+h GMm
U1 2 = R

r2
dr
r2
1 1 1
= GMm = gR 2m
r R r2 R
1 1
= (1.62)(1.740 106 )2 m 6
r2 1.740 10
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET

1 1
180,000 m + 4.9047 1012 m 6
=0
r2 1.74 10
Solve for r2
r2 = 1.8587 106 m
= 1858.7 km
so, h = r2 R = 1858.7 1740
= 118.7 km
h = 118.7 km !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
RUET
A 1.5-kg block A rests on a 1.5-kg block B and is attached to a spring of

constant 180 N/m. The coefficients of friction between the two blocks
are s = 0.95 and k = 0.90 and the coefficients of friction between block
B and the horizontal surface are s = 0.15 and k = 0.10. Knowing that
the blocks are released from rest when the spring is stretched 100 mm,
determine (a) the velocity of block A as it reaches the position in which
the spring is unstretched, (b) the maximum velocity of block A.
0
Assume the blocks move as one: T2 T1 = U1 2
1 1
(mA + mB )v 2 = kx 2 U1 2 friction
2 2
1 1
(3 kg)v 2 = (180 N/m)(0.1 m) 2 (3)(9.81)(0.1)(0.1 m)
2 2
v 2 = 0.4038 v = 0.63545 m/s
Check assumption at release, 18 N > s (3)(9.81) = 4.41 N
Slips at the horizontal surface
At release
Fs = 18 N Fx = max
18 2.94 = 3 a a = 5.02 m/s 2
For A alone:
Fx = max
18 F f = (1.5)(5.02)
F f = 10.47 N
F f = 18 7.53 = 10.47 N < s (1.5)(9.81) = (0.95)(14.175) = 13.98 N
A and B move as one, thus (a) v = 0.635 m/s !
(b) vmax is max at a = 0,
Fs = F f = 0 = 180 x 2.943, x = 0.01635 m
1 2 1
(mA + mB ) vmax = k ( x02 x 2 ) F f ( x0 x)
2 2
1 2 1
(3)vmax = (180)[(0.1) 2 (0.01635)2 ] 2.943(0.1 0.01635)
2 2
vmax = 0.648 m/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A 1.5-kg block A rests on a 1.5-kg block B and is attached to a spring of
constant 180 N/m. The coefficients of friction between the two blocks
are s = 0.35 and k = 0.30 and the coefficients of friction between
block B and the horizontal surface are s = 0.15 and k = 0.10.
Knowing that the blocks are released from rest when the spring is
stretched 100 mm, determine (a) the velocity of block A as it reaches the
position in which the spring is unstretched, (b) the maximum velocity of
block A.
From problem 13.39 assuming the blocks move together,

a = 5.02 m/s 2 at release.
WA = WB = (1.5 kg)(9.81 m/s 2 ) = 14.715 N
F f = 18 7.53 = 10.47 N < s (1.5)(9.81) = 0.35(14.715) = 5.15 N
Block A slides on Block B

A alone:
0 1 1
(a) T2 T1 = U1 2 , (mA )v 2 = kx U1 2 friction
2 2
1 1
(1.5)(v 2 = (180 N/m)(0.1 m 2 ) 14.175(0.3)(0.1 m)
2 2
v 2 = 0.6114 v = 0.782 m/s !
(b) v = vmax at acceleration = 0,

Fs F f = 0 = kx kWA
180 x = (0.30)(14.715) = 4.4145, x = 0.0245 m

01
T2 T1 = k ( x02 x 2 ) WAk ( x0 x)
2
1 2
(1.5)vmax = 0.84598 0.33329 = 0.51268
2
vmax = 0.827 m/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
The sphere at A is given a downward velocity v 0 and swings in a vertical RUET
circle of radius l and center O. Determine the smallest velocity v 0 for
which the sphere will reach point B as it swings about point O (a) if AO is
a rope, (b) if AO is a slender rod of negligible mass.
1 2
T1 = mv0
2
1 2
T2 = mv
2
U1 2 = mgl
1 2 1
T1 + U1 2 = T2 mv0 mgl = mv 2
2 2
v02 = v 2 + 2 gl
Newtons law at 2
(a) For minimum v, tension in the cord must be zero.
Thus v 2 = gl
v02 = v 2 + 2 gl = 3gl
v0 = 3gl !
(b) Force in the rod can support the weight so that v can be zero.
Thus v02 = 0 + 2 gl
v0 = 2 gl !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
The sphere at A is given a downward velocity v 0 of magnitude 16 ft/s and RUET
swings in a vertical plane at the end of a rope of length l = 6 ft attached to
a support at O. Determine the angle at which the rope will break,
knowing that it can withstand a maximum tension equal to twice the weight
of the sphere.
1 2 1 2
T1 = mv0 = m (16 ) = 128 m
2 2
1 2
T2 = mv
2
U1 2 = mg ( 6sin )
1 2
T1 + U1 2 = T2 : 128m + 6mg sin = mv
2
256 + 12 g sin = v 2 (a)
Newtons law
mv 2
F = man : 2mg mg sin =
6
Using (a) g (12 6sin ) = 256 + 12 g sin
18 g sin = 12 g 256
12 ( 32.2 ) 256
sin = = 0.22498 = 13.00 !
18 ( 32.2 )
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
Sphere C and block A are both moving to the left with a velocity v0 when
RUET
the block is suddenly stopped by the wall. Determine the smallest velocity
v0 for which the sphere C will swing in a full circle about the pivot B (a) if
BC is a slender rod of negligible mass, (b) if BC is a cord.
Use work - energy : position 1 is bottom and position 2 is the top

T1 + U1 2 = T2 (1)
where,
1 2
T1 = mv0
2
1 2
T2 = mv2
2
U1 2 = mgh = mg (0.5)
1 1
mv02 (0.5) mg = mv22
2 2
so
v02 = v22 + g (2)
(a) Slender rod v2 = 0 v0 = g
v0 = 3.13 m/s !
(b) Cord, so the critical condition is tension = 0 at the top
mv22
Fn = ma mg = v22 = g

v02 = g + g = 9.81(0.25 + 1)
= 12.2625
v0 = 3.502 m/s
v0 = 3.50 m/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A bag is gently pushed off the top of a wall at A and swings in a vertical
plane at the end of a rope of length l Determine the angle for which the
rope will break, knowing that it can withstand a maximum tension equal to
twice the weight of the bag.
Use work - energy : position 1 is at A, position 2 is at B.

T1 + U1 2 = T2 (1)
1 2
Where T1 = 0; U1 2 = mg l sin ; T2 = mvB
2
Substitute
1 2
0 + mg l sin = mvB
2
vB2 = 2 g l sin (2)
For T = 2 W use Newtons 2nd law.
mvB2
Fn = man 2W W sin = (3)
l
Substitute (2) into (3)
l sin
2 mg mg sin = 2 mg
l
2 = 3sin
2
or sin = = 41.81
3
= 41.8 !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A section of track for a roller coaster consists of two circular arcs AB and
CD joined by a straight portion BC. The radius of AB is 27 m and the
radius of CD is 72 m. The car and its occupants, of total mass 250 kg,
reach point A with practically no velocity and then drop freely along the
track. Determine the normal force exerted by the track on the car as the
car reaches point B. Ignore air resistance and rolling resistance.
1 2 1
vA = 0 TA = 0 TB = mvB = ( 250 kg ) vB2 = 125vB2
2 2
(
W = (1250 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 )
U A B = W ( 27 )(1 cos 40 )
( )
U A B = 250 kg 9.81 m/s 2 ( 27 m )( 0.234 )
U A B = 15495 J
TA + U A B = TA 0 + 15495 = 125vB2
vB2 =
(15495 J )
(125 kg )
vB2 = 124.0 m 2 /s 2
Newtons Law at B
mvB2
N W cos 40 = ; vB2 = 124.0 m 2 /s 2
R
( 250 kg ) (124.0 m 2/s 2 )
(
N = 250 kg 9.81 m/s 2
) ( cos 40) 27 m
N = 1879 1148 = 731 N N = 731 N !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A section of track for a roller coaster consists of two circular arcs AB and RUET
CD joined by a straight portion BC. The radius of AB is 27 m and the
radius of CD is 72 m. The car and its occupants, of total mass 250 kg,
reach point A with practically no velocity and then drop freely along the
track. Determine the maximum and minimum values of the normal force
exerted by the track on the car as the car travels from A to D. Ignore air
resistance and rolling resistance.
Normal force at B
See solution to Problem 13.45, N B = 731.0 N
Newtons Law
From B to C (car moves in a straight line)
N B W cos 40 = 0
( )
NB = 250 kg 9.81 m/s 2 cos 40 = 1878.7 N
At C and D (car in the curve at C)
At C
W vC2
N C W cos =
g R
v2
( )
NC = 250 kg 9.81 m/s 2 cos + C
gR

At D
W vD2
ND W = +
g R
continued
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
v2
N D = ( 250 9.81) 1 + D
gR
Since vD > vC and cos < 1, N D > NC

Work and energy from A to D
1 2
v A = 0, TA = 0 TD = mvD = 125vD2
2
( )
U A D = W ( 27 + 18 ) = ( 250 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 45 m ) = 110362.5
TA + U A D = TD 0 + 110362.5 = 125vD2
vD2 = 882.90
v2 882.90
N D = 250 g 1 + D = 250 ( 9.81) 1 + = 5518.1 N
72 g 72 ( 9.81)

N min = N B = 731 N; N max = N D = 5520 N !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
RUET
A 150-lb sprinter starts from rest and accelerates uniformly for 5.4 s over
a distance of 110 ft. Neglecting air resistance, determine the average
power developed by the sprinter.
1 2
Kinematics: a = constant, v = at , x= at
2
1 2
x = 110 = a ( 5.4 ) , a = 7.5446 ft/s 2
2
150 lb
F = constant = ma =
32.2 ft/s 2

( )
7.5446 ft/s 2 = 35.1456 lb
v = 7.5446 t
150
Power = Fv = mav =
32.2
( 7.5446)2 t
150 / 32.2 )( 7.5446 ) ( 5.4 )

2 2
1 5.4 (
Average power =
5.4 0
Fv dt =
5.4

2
0

Average power = 715.93 ft lb/s
Average power = 1.302 hp !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
(a) A 60-kg woman rides a 7-kg bicycle up a 3 percent slope at a constant
speed of 2 m/s. How much power must be developed by the woman?
(b) A 90-kg man on a 9-kg bicycle starts down the same slope and
maintains a constant speed of 6 m/s by braking. How much power is
dissipated by the brakes? Ignore air resistance and rolling resistance.
3
tan =
100
= 1.718
W = WB + WW = ( 7 + 60 ) kg 9.81 m/s 2
W = 657.3 N
PW = W v = (W sin )( v )
PW = ( 657.3)( sin1.718 )( 2 )
PW = 39.41 W
PW = 39.4 W !
W = WB + Wm = ( 9 + 90 ) kg 9.81 m/s 2
W = 971.2 N
Brake must dissipate the power generated by the bike and the man going
down the slope at 6 m/s.
PB = W v = (W sin )( v )
PB = ( 971.2 )( sin1.718 )( 6 ) = 174.701
PB = 174.7 W !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
It takes 16 s to raise a 2800-lb car and the supporting 650-lb hydraulic
RUET
car-lift platform to a height of 6.5 ft. Knowing that the overall conversion
efficiency from electric to mechanical power for the system is 82 percent,
determine (a) the average output power delivered by the hydraulic pump
to lift the system, (b) the average electric power required.
(a) Pp( ) A = ( F )( vA ) = (WA + WL )( vA ) = ( 2800 + 650 ) vA

6.5 ft
v A = s/t = = 0.40625 ft/s
16 s
( Pp ) A = ( 3450 lb )( 0.40625 ft/s ) = 1401.56 lb ft/s

1 hp = 550 ft lb/s, Pp ( ) A = 2.548 hp
( Pp ) A = 2.55 hp !
( Pp ) A 2.55
(b) ( PE ) A = =
0.82
( PE ) A = 3.11 hp !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A power specification formula is to be derived for electric motors which RUET
drive conveyor belts moving solid material at different rates to different
heights and distances. Denoting the efficiency of the motors by and
neglecting the power needed to drive the belt itself, derive a formula
(a) in the SI system of units, for the power P in kW, in terms of the mass
flow rate m in kg/h, the height b, and the horizontal distance l in meters,
and (b) in U.S. customary units, for the power in hp, in terms of the mass
flow rate m in tons/h, and the height b and horizontal distance l in feet.
(a) ( )
Material is lifted to a height b at a rate, ( m kg/h ) g m/s 2 = mg ( N/h )
Thus,
U mg ( N/h ) b ( m ) mgb
= = N m/s
t ( 3600 s/h ) 3600
1000 N m/s = 1 kw
Thus, including motor efficiency,
mgb ( N m/s )
P ( kw ) =
1000 N m/s
( 3600 ) ( )
kw
mgb
P ( kw ) = 0.278 106 !

U W ( tons/h )( 2000 lb/ton ) b ( ft )

(b) =
t 3600 s/h
Wb
= ft lb/s; 1hp = 550 ft lb/s
1.8
Wb 1hp 1
With , hp = ( ft lb/s )
1.8 550 ft lb/s
1.010 103Wb
hp = !

ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
The fluid transmission of a 15-Mg truck allows the engine to deliver an
essentially constant power of 50 kW to the driving wheels. Determine the
time required and the distance traveled as the speed of the truck is
increased (a) from 36 km/h to 54 km/h, (b) from 54 km/h to 72 km/h.
For constant power, P:
dv
P = Fv = mav = m v
dt
Separate variables
t v m dv m v 2 v2
0
dt = 01 t = 1 0 (1)
P v P 2 2
Distance
dv dx dv
P = mv = mv 2
dx dt dx
Separate variables
x m
v1 2 m v3 v3
0 dx = P v0 v dv x = P 3 3
1 0
(2)

with numbers
(a) v0 = 36 km/h = 10 m/s; v1 = 54 km/h = 15 m/s, so,
15 103 kg
t= (15 m/s )2 (10 m/s )2 t = 18.75 s !
( 3
2 50 10 W
)
15 103
153 103 = 237.5 m
x= x = 238 m !
(
(3) 50 10 3
)
(b) v0 = 54 km/h = 15 m/s; v1 = 72 km/h = 20 m/s
15 103 202 152 = 26.25 s

t= t = 26.2 s !
( )
2 (
50 10 3
)
15 103 203 153 = 462.5 m

x= x = 462 m !
(
(3) 50 10 3
)
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
RUET
A 60-kg runner increases her speed from 2 m/s to 4.3 m/s in 5 s.

Assuming she develops constant power during this time interval and
neglecting air resistance, determine (a) the power developed, (b) the
distance traveled.
dv
(a) P = F v = m v = constant
dt
4.3 5
m 2.0 v dv = P 0 dt
( 4.3 m/s )2 ( 20 m/s )2

60 kg = 5 P, P = 86.94 W
2

P = 86.9 W !
dv
(b) P = F v = mv v = constant
dx
4.3 x
m 2.0 v 2dv = P 0 dx
( 4.3)3 ( 2.0 )3
60 = 86.94 x
3

x = 16.45 m !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A 3000-lb automobile starts from rest and travels 1200 ft during a
performance test. The motion of the automobile is defined by the relation
x = 12,000 ln(cosh 0.03t ), where x and t are expressed in feet and
seconds, respectively. The magnitude of the aerodynamic drag is
D = 0.01v 2 , where D and v are expressed in lb and ft/s, respectively.
Determine the power dissipated by the aerodynamic drag when (a) t = 10 s,
(b) t = 15 s.
Motion is determined as a function of time as,

x = 12000 ln ( cosh 0.03t )
dx 1
Velocity v= = 12000 ( sinh 0.03 t )( 0.03)
dt cosh 0.03 t
360 sinh 0.03t
v=
cosh 0.03t
Power dissipated ( )
P = Dv = 0.01v 2 v = 0.01v3
3 3
3 sinh
0.03 t 3 e e 0.03t
0.03t
P = 0.01( 360 ) = 466.56 10
cosh 0.03 t e
0.03t
+ e 0.03t
(a) t = 10 s, P = 11534 ft lb/s P = 21.0 hp !

(b) t = 15 s, P = 35037 ft lb/s P = 63.7 hp !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A 3000-lb automobile starts from rest and travels 1200 ft during a
performance test. The motion of the automobile is defined by the relation
a = 11 e0.0005 x , where a and x are expressed in ft/s and feet,
2
respectively. The magnitude of the aerodynamic drag is D = 0.01v 2 , where

D and e are expressed in lb and ft/s, respectively. Determine the power
dissipated by the aerodynamic drag when (a) x = 600 ft,
(b) x = 1200 ft.
Motion is defined by the following function:

dv
a = 11 e0.0005 x = v
dx
v x 0.0005x 11 0.0005x u
0 vdv = 11 0 e dx =
0.0005 0
e du
v2
2
(
= 22000 e 0.0005 x 1 )
(
v 2 = 44000 1 e0.0005 x )
1
(
v = 209.76 1 e 0.0005 x ) 2
Power dissipated P = Dv = 0.01v3

3
P = 92295 1 e 0.0005 x 2
(a) x = 600 ft , P = 12178 ft lb/s P = 22.1 hp !

(b) x = 1200 ft, P = 27971 ft lb/s P = 50.9 hp !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A force P is slowly applied to a plate that is attached to two springs and
causes a deflection x0. In each of the two cases shown, derive an
expression for the constant ke , in terms of k1 and k2 , of the single
spring equivalent to the given system, that is, of the single spring which
will undergo the same deflection x0 when subjected to the same force P.
System is in equilibrium in deflected x0 position.
Case (a) Force in both springs is the same = P
x0 = x1 + x2
P
x0 =
ke
P P
x1 = x2 =
k1 k2
P P P
Thus = +
ke k1 k2
1 1 1
= +
ke k1 k2
k1k2
ke = !
k1 + k2
Case (b) Deflection in both springs is the same = x0
P = k1x0 + k2 x0
P = ( k1 + k2 ) x0
P = ke x0
Equating the two expressions for
P = ( k1 + k2 ) x0 = ke x0
ke = k1 + k2 !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A collar C of weight m slides without friction on a horizontal rod between
springs A and B. If the collar is pushed to the left until spring A is
compressed 0.1 m and released, determine the distance through which the
collar will travel and the maximum velocity it will reach (a) if
m = 1 kg, (b) if m = 2.5 kg.
Use conservation of energy

Let position 1 be where A is compressed 0.1 m; position 2 when B is compressed a maximum distance
So
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 (1)
1 1 2
Where T1 = 0; V1 = k A x12 = (1600 N/m )( 0.1 m ) = 8 J
2 2
1 1
T2 = 0; V2 = k B x22 = ( 2800 N/m ) x22 = 1400 x22
2 2
0 + 8 = 0 + 1400 x22 x2 = 0.07559 m
This answer is independent of mass

Distance traveled = 0.5 m 0.05 m + 0.07559 m = 0.526 m
The maximum velocity will occur when the mass is between the two springs
where T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
T1 = 0; V1 = 8 J ( same as before )
1 2
T2 = mvmax ; V2 = 0
2
1 2 2 16
0+8= mvmax + 0; vmax =
2 m
2
For m = 1 kg vmax = 16 (a) vmax = 4 m/s !
2 16
For m = 2.5 kg vmax = = 6.4 (b) vmax = 2.53 m/s !
2.5
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A 4-lb collar can slide without friction along a horizontal rod and is in
equilibrium at A when it is pushed 1 in. to the right and released from
rest. The springs are undeformed when the collar is at A and the constant
of each spring is 2800 lb/in. Determine the maximum velocity of the
collar.
l1 = 62 + 92 = 10.817 in.
l0 = ( 6 )2 + ( 8 )2 = 10 in. = 0.8333 ft
Stretch = 10.817 10 = 0.817 in.
S1 = 0.06805 ft
l2 = ( 7 )2 + ( 6 )2 = 9.215 in.
Stretch = 9.2195 10 = 0.7805 in.
S 2 = 0.06504 ft
T1 = 0, V2 = 0
1 2 1 4 2
T2 = mv2 = v2
2 2 32.2
V1 =
1
2
(
( 33,600 lb/ft ) S12 + S22 )
V1 = (16,800 )( 0.008861) = 148.86 ft lb
0 0
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
v22 = 2396.7 v2 = 49.0 ft/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 4-lb collar can slide without friction along a horizontal rod and is
released from rest at A. The undeformed lengths of springs BA and CA are
10 in. and 9 in., respectively, and the constant of each spring is
2800 lb/in. Determine the velocity of the collar when it has moved 1 in. to
the right.
k = 2800 lb/in. = 33, 600 lb/ft

2
1 2 1 1
T1 = 0 V1 = k ( l1 ) = ( 33,600 )
2 2 12
= 116.667 ft lb
l1 = 62 + 92 = 10.817 in. = 0.9014 ft
S1 = Stretch = 10.817 10 = 0.817 in. = 0.06808 ft
l 2 = 62 + 7 2 = 9.2195 in.
S 2 = Stretch = 9.2195 9 = 0.2195 in. = 0.018295 ft
1 2 1 4 2 2
T2 = mv2 = v2 = 0.0621 v2
2 2 32.2
V2 =
1
2
(
( 33,600 ) S12 + S22 )
= 16800 ( 0.06808 ) + ( 0.018295 )
2 2

= 83.489 ft lb
T1 +0V1 = T2 + V2
116.667 = 0.06211 v22 + 83.489
v2 = 23.1 ft/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 750-g collar can slide along the horizontal rod shown. It is attached to
an elastic cord with an undeformed length of 300 mm and a spring
constant of 150 N/m. Knowing that the collar is released from rest at A
and neglecting friction, determine the speed of the collar (a) at B, (b) at E.
Use conservation of energy T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 (1)

(a) Position 1 is at A and position 2 is at B
1 2
T1 = 0; V1 = kx1 where x1 = l l 0
2
1
l = 5002 + 4002 + 3502 2 = 729.726 mm
So l l 0 = 429.726 mm
1
V1 = (1500 N/m )( 0.429726 m )2 = 13.8498 J
2
1
At B l = 3502 + 4002 2 = 531.507 mm l l 0 = 231.507 mm
1 2 1
T2 = mv2 = ( 0.75 ) v22 = 0.375 v22
2 2
1 2
V2 = (150 )( 0.231507 ) = 4.01966 J
2
Substituting into (1) 0 + 13.8498 = 0.375 v22 + 4.01966
v2 = vB = 5.12 m/s !
(b) At E T1 = 0; V1 = 13.8498 ( same as before )
1
At E l = 3502 + 5002 2 = 610.328 mm l l 0 = 310.328 mm
1
T3 = mvE2 = 0.375 vE2
2
1 1 2
vE = kx 2 = (150 )( 0.310328 ) = 7.223 J
2 2
0 + 13.8498 = 0.375 vE2 + 7.223 vE = 4.20 m/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
Solve Prob. 13.59, assuming that the elastic cord has an undeformed
length of 450 mm and a spring constant of 150 N/m. Note that the cord
becomes slack during part of the motion.
Conservation of energy T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
1
At A l = 5002 + 4002 + 3502 2 = 729.726 mm l l 0 = 729.726 450 = 279.726 mm
1 2 1 2
So TA = 0; VA = kx = (150 )( 0.279726 ) = 5.8685 J
2 2
1
At B l = 3502 + 4002 2 = 531.507 l l 0 = 81.507 mm
1 2 1 2 1 2
TB = mvB = 0.375 vB2 ; VB = kx = (150 )( 0.081507 ) = 0.49825 J
2 2 2
Substituting into (1) 0 + 5.8685 = 0.375 vB2 + 0.49825
vB = 3.78 m/s !
1
l = ( 350 ) + ( 500 ) 2 = 610.328 mm l l 0 = 160.328 mm
2 2
At E

1 2 1 2 1 2
So TE = mvE = 0.375 vE2 ; VE = kx = (150 )( 0.160328 ) = 1.9279 J
2 2 2
Substituting into (1) 0 + 5.8685 = 0.375 VE2 + 1.9279
vE = 3.24 m/s !
The fact the cord becomes slack doesnt matter.
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 6-lb collar can slide without friction on a vertical rod and is resting in
equilibrium on a spring. It is pushed down, compressing the spring 6 in.,
and released. Knowing that the spring constant is k = 15 lb/in., deter-
mine (a) the maximum height h reached by the collar above its
equilibrium position, (b) the maximum velocity of the collar.
(a) Maximum height when v2 = 0
T1 = T2 = 0
V = Vg + Ve
Position 1 (Vg )1 = 0
6 lb
x1 = + 6 in. = 0.4 + 6 = 6.4 in.
15 lb/in.
1 2 1 2
(Ve )1 = kx1 = (15 lb/in.)( 6.4 in.)
2 2
= 307.2 lb in. = 25.6 lb ft
Position 2 (Vg )2 = mg 126 + h = 6 ( 0.5 + h )

(Ve )2 =0
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 : (Vg )1 + (Ve )1 = (Vg )2 + (Ve )2

25.6 = 6 ( 0.5 + h )
h = 3.767 ft h = 45.2 in. !

(b) Maximum velocity occurs when acceleration is 0, equilibrium
position
1 2 1 6 2 2
T3 = mv3 = v3 = 0.093167v3
2 2 32.2
1
( )3
V3 = Vg
2
+ (Ve )3 = 6 ( 6 ) + k ( x1 6 ) = 36 + 7.5 ( 6.4 6 )
2
2
= 37.2 lb in. = 3.1 lb ft

T1 + V1 = T3 + V3 : 25.6 = 0.093167v32 + 3.1
vmax = 15.54 ft/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 6-lb collar can slide without friction on a vertical rod and is held so it
just touches an undeformed spring. Determine the maximum deflection of
the spring (a) if the collar is slowly released until it reaches an
equilibrium position, (b) if the collar is suddenly released.
(a) Collar is in equilibrium.

F = (15 lb/in.) 6 lb
=
( 6 lb ) = 0.4 in.
( lb/in.)
15
max = 0.4 in. !

(b) Maximum compression occurs when velocity at 2 is zero.
T1 = 0 V1 = 0
1 2
T2 = 0 V2 = W max + k max
2
1
W = k max
2
2 ( 6 lb )
max = = 0.8 in.
(15 lb/in.)
max = 0.8 in. !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A thin circular rod is supported in a vertical plane by a bracket at A.
Attached to the bracket and loosely wound around the rod is a spring of
constant k = 40 N/m and undeformed length equal to the arc of circle
AB. A 200-g collar C, not attached to the spring, can slide without friction
along the rod. Knowing that the collar is released from rest when
= 30o , determine (a) the maximum height above point B reached by
the collar, (b) the maximum velocity of the collar.
(a) Maximum height

Above B is reached when the velocity at E is zero
TC = 0
TE = 0
V = Ve + Vg
Point C

LBC = ( 0.3 m ) rad
= 30 = rad 6
6

R = 0.3 m LBC = m
20
2
1 2 1
(VC )e = k ( LBC ) = ( 40 N/m ) m = 0.4935 J
2 2 20
(VC ) g ( )
= WR (1 cos ) = 0.2 kg 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.3 m )(1 cos 30 )
(VC ) g = 0.07886 J
(VE )e =0 (spring is unattached)
(VE ) g = WH = ( 0.2 9.81)( H ) = 1.962 H ( J )
TC + VC = TE + VE
0 + 0.4935 + 0.07886 = 0 + 0 + 1.962H
H = 0.292 m !
continued
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
(b) The maximum velocity is at B where the potential energy is

zero, vB = vmax
TC = 0 VC = 0.4935 + 0.07886 = 0.5724 J
1 2 1
TB = mvB = ( 0.2 kg ) vmax
2
2 2
2
TB = 0.1vmax
VB = 0
TC + VC = TB + VB 0 + 0.5724 = ( 0.1) vmax

2
2
vmax = 5.72 m 2 /s 2
vmax = 2.39 m/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A thin circular rod is supported in a vertical plane by a bracket at A. RUET
AB. A 200-g collar C, not attached to the spring, can slide without friction
along the rod. Knowing that the collar is released from rest at an angle
with respect to the vertical, determine (a) the smallest value of for
which the collar will pass through D and reach point A, (b) the velocity of
the collar as it reaches point A.
(a) Smallest angle occurs when the velocity at D is close to zero

vC = 0 vD = 0
TC = 0 TD = 0
V = Ve + Vg
Point C
LBC = ( 0.3 m ) = 0.3 m
R = 0.3 m
1 2
(VC )e = k ( LBC )
(
W = ( 0.2 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2
) 2
= 1.962 N (VC )e = 1.8 2
(VC ) g = WR (1 cos )
(VC ) g = (1.962 N )( 0.3 m )(1 cos )
VC = (VC )e + (VC ) g = 1.8 2 + 0.5886 (1 cos )
Point D
(VD )e =0 (spring is unattached)
(VD ) g = W ( 2 R ) = ( 2 )(1.962 N )( 0.3 m ) = 1.1772 J
TC + VC = TD + VD ; 0 + 1.8 2 + 0.5586 (1 cos ) = 1.1772 J
(1.8) 2 ( 0.5886 ) cos = 0.5886

By trial = 0.7522 rad
= 43.1 !
continued
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
(b) Velocity at A
Point D
VD = 0 TD = 0 VD = 1.1772 J ( see Part (a) )
Point A
1 1
TA = mv A2 = ( 0.2 kg ) v A2
2 2
TA = 0.1v A2
VA = (VA ) g = W ( R ) = (1.962 N )( 0.3 m ) = 0.5886 J
TA + VA = TD + VD
0.1v A2 + 0.5886 = 0 + 1.1772
v A2 = 5.886 m 2 /s 2
v A = 2.43 m/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A spring is used to stop a 200-lb package which is moving down a 20
incline. The spring has a constant k = 125 lb/in. and is held by cables so
that it is initially compressed 6 in. Knowing that the velocity of the
package is 8 ft/s when it is 25 ft from the spring and neglecting friction,
determine the maximum additional deformation of the spring in bringing
the package to rest.
Conservation of energy
Position (1) is at the top of the incline; position (2) is when the spring has maximum deformation
k = 1500 lb/ft
Where T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
1 2 1 200 2
At (1) T1 + mv1 = ( 8 ) = 198.76 ft lb
2 2 32.2
1 2
V1 = Vg1 + Ve1 = mgz1 = k x1 ( datum at point 2)
2
1
= 200 ( 25 x ) sin 20 + (1500)( 0.5)2
2
x = Deformation of the spring
V1 = 1710.1 + 68.404 x + 187.5
0 1 2 1 2
At (2) T2 = 0; V2 = Vg 2 + Ve2 = k x2 = (1500 )( 0.5 + x )
2 2
198.78 + 1710.1 + 68.404 x + 187.5 = 750 ( 0.5 + x )

2
Solve 750 x 2 + 681.596 x 1908.9 = 0

x = 2.11 or +1.2044 ft
x = 1.204 ft !
= 14.45 in. !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A 10-lb collar is attached to a spring and slides without friction along a
RUET
fixed rod in a vertical plane. The spring has an undeformed length of
14 in. and a constant k = 4 lb/in. Knowing that the collar is released from
rest in the position shown, determine the speed of the collar at (a) point A,
(b) point B.
Spring length = 142 + 282
= 31.305 in.
31.305 in. 14 in.

Stretch =
12 in./ft
= 1.44208 ft
1
T0 + V0 = 0 + 0 + ( 48 lb/ft )(1.44208 ft )2 = 49.910 lb ft
2
2
1 10 lb 2 1 14 2 14
(a) At A: 49.910 = v + ( 48 lb/ft )
2 A
2 32.2 ft/s 2 12
v A = 16.89 ft/s !
2
1 10 2 1 14 14
(b) At B: 49.910 = vB + ( 48) 10
2 32.2 2 12 12
vB = 13.64 ft/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Blocks A and B have masses of 4 kg and 1.5 kg, respectively, and are
connected by a cord-and-pulley system and released from rest in the
position shown with the spring undeformed. Knowing that the constant of
the spring is 300 N/m, determine (a) the velocity of block B after it has
moved 150 mm, (b) the maximum velocity of block B, (c) the maximum
displacement of block B. Ignore friction and the pulleys and spring.
T1 = 0, V1e = V1g = 0 ( )
Constraint: yB = 2 x A ( )
1 1
T2 = M A v A2 + M B vB2
2 2
2
1 v 1
= ( 4 kg ) B + (1.5 kg ) vB2 = 1.25vB2
2 2 2
1
(a) yB = 0.15 m, x A = 0.075 m, V2e = ( 300 N/m )( 0.075 m )2 = 0.84375 N m
2
V2 g = (1.5)( 9.81)( 0.15 m ) = 2.2073 J
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 ; 0 = 1.25 vB2 + 0.84375 2.20725

vB = 1.044 m/s !
(b) Maximum velocity when acceleration = 0
Fx = m ax ; k x A 2T = 0; T = Cord tensile force

2T 2 (14.715 )
xA = = ; x A = 0.0981 m; xB = 2 x A = 0.1962 m
k 300
V2 g = ( 14.715 N )( 0.1962 m ) = 2.8871
1
V2e = ( 300 N/m )( 0.0981 m )2 = 1.4435
2
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 ; 0 = 1.25 vB2 1.44354 vB = 1.075 m/s !
2
( 300) B 14.715 yB
1 y
(c) T2 = 0; V2 = 0 = yB = 0.392 m = 392 mm !
2 2
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
An 4-kg collar A can slide without friction along a vertical rod and is
released from rest in the position shown with the springs undeformed.
Knowing that the constant of each spring is 300 N/m, determine the velocity
of the collar after it has moved (a) 100 mm, (b) 190 mm.
(a) Calculate spring lengths after deflection.

Original spring length = 0.75 m, collar moved 100 mm = 0.1 m
1
T1 = V1 = 0, T2 = ( 4) v2 = 2v 2
2
( )
V2 g = ( 4 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.1 m ) = 3.924 J
1
V2e = ( 300) ( 0.8322 0.75) 2 + ( 0.6727 0.75)2
2
= 1.9098 J
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 : 0 = 2v 2 3.924 + 1.9098
v = 1.0035 m/s v = 1.004 m/s !
(b) Calculate spring lengths after deflection, collar moved190 mm = 0.19 m
( )
V2 g = ( 4 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.19 m ) = 7.4556 J
1
V2e = ( 300) ( 0.90918 0.75)2 + ( 0.60877 0.75) 2
2
= 6.7927 J
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 : 0 = 2v 2 7.4556 + 6.7927
v = 0.576 m/s v = 0.576 m/s !
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Manik_ME
072052
A thin circular rod is supported in a vertical plane by a bracket at A. RUET
AB. A 200-g collar C is unattached to the spring and can slide without
friction along the rod. Knowing that the collar is released from rest when
= 30o , determine (a) the velocity of the collar as it passes through
point B, (b) the force exerted by the rod on the collar as is passes
through B.
(a) vC = 0, TC = 0
1 2
TB = mvB
2
1
TB = ( 0.2 kg ) vB2
2
TB = 0.1vB2 VC = (VC )e + (VC ) g
arc BC = LBC = R
LBC = ( 0.3 m )( 30 )
( )
180
LBC = 0.15708 m
1 1
(VC )e k ( LBC ) = ( 40 N/m )( 0.15708 m ) = 0.49348 J
2 2
=
2 2
(VC ) g ( )
= WR (1 cos ) = ( 0.2 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.3 m )(1 cos 30 )
(VC ) g = 0.078857 J
VC = (VC )e + (VC ) g = 0.49348 J + 0.078857 J = 0.57234 J
VB = (VB )e + (VB ) g = 0 + 0 = 0
TC + VC = TB + VB ; 0 + 0.57234 = 0.1vB2
vB2 = 5.7234 m 2 /s 2 vB = 2.39 m/s !
mvB2
(b) F = FR W =
R
FR = 1.962 N + ( 0.2 kg )
(5.7234 m /s ) 2 2
( 0.3 m )
FR = 1.962 N + 3.8156 N = 5.7776 N FR = 5.78 N !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A 500-g collar can slide without friction along the semicircular rod BCD. RUET
The spring is of constant 320 N/m and its undeformed length is 200 mm.
Knowing that the collar is released from rest at B, determine (a) the speed
of the collar as it passes through C, (b) the force exerted by the rod on the
collar at C.
(a) Speed at C
LAB = ( 300 )2 + (150 )2 + ( 75)2 = 343.69318 mm
k = 320 N/m
At B vB = 0 TB = 0
VB = (VB )e + (VB ) g
LAB = 343.69318 mm 200 mm

LAB = 143.69318 mm = 0.14369318 m
1 2 1 2
(VB )e = k ( LAB ) = ( 320 N/m )( 0.1436932 m )
2 2
(VB )e = 3.303637 J
(VB ) g ( )
= Wr = ( 0.5 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.15 m ) = 0.73575 J
VB = (VB )e + (VB ) g = 3.303637 J + 0.73575 J = 4.03939 J
At C TC =
1 2
2
1
mvC = ( 0.5 kg ) vC2
2
( )
TC = 0.25vC2
1 2
(VC )e = k ( LAC )
2
LAC = 309.23 mm 200 mm = 109.23 mm = 0.10923 m
1
(VC )e = ( 320 N/m )( 0.10923 m )2 = 1.90909 J
2
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
TB + VB = TC + VC
0 + 4.0394 = 0.25vC2 + 1.90909

4.0394 1.90909
vC2 = = 8.5212 m 2 /s 2 vC = 2.92 m/s !
0.25
(b) Force of rod on collar AC
Fz = 0 (no friction)
F = Fxi + Fy j
75
= tan 1 = 14.04
300
Fe = ( k LAC ) ( cos i + sin k )
Fe = ( 320 )( 0.10923)( cos14.04i + sin14.04k )
Fe = 33.909i + 8.4797k (N)
mv 2
( )
F = ( Fx + 33.909 ) i + Fy 4.905 j + 8.4797k =
r
j + mgk
Fx + 33.909 N = 0 Fy = 4.905 N + ( 0.5 )

(8.5212 m /s )2 2
0.15 m
Fx = 33.909 N
Fy = 33.309 N
F = 33.9 N i + 33.3 N j !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A 2.5-lb collar is attached to a spring and slides without friction along a
circular rod in a vertical plane. The spring has an undeformed length of
4 in. and a constant k = 20 lb/ft. Knowing that the collar is at rest at C
and is given a slight push to get it moving, determine the velocity of the
collar and the force exerted by the rod on the collar as it passes through
(a) point A, (b) point B.
2.5 lb 1b s 2
Datum at point C. m= 2 = 0.07764
32.2 ft/s ft
1 2.5 2
TC = 0, (VC ) g = 0, (VC )e = 0, TA = vA
2 32.2
(VA ) g = ( 2.5 lb )( 7/12 ft ) = 1.4583
1
(a) (VA )C =
2
( 20 lb/ft )( 0.63465 ft 0.3333 ft )2 = 0.90812
From conservation of energy:
1
0= ( 0.07764) vA2 1.4583 + 0.90812
2
VA = 3.7646 ft/s v A = 3.76 ft/s !
At point A,
FS = k LCA = ( 20 lb/ft )( 0.63465 ft 0.3333 ft ) = 6.0263 lb
m v A2
=
( )
2.5 lb/32.2 ft/s 2 ( 3.76551 ft/s )
2
= 1.8872 lb
r ( 7 /12) ft
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
m v A2 7
F = ; ( 6.0263) N A = 1.8872
r 7.61577
N A = 3.65 lb !
(b) Datum at C.
(VB ) g = ( 2.5 lb )(14 /12 ft ) = 2.9167 ft lb
1 2 1 2
(VB )e = k ( LCB ) = ( 20 lb/ft )( 0.5 ft ) = 2.5 ft lb
2 2
From Conservation of energy:
1 2.5 2
0+ vB 2.9167 + 2.5
2 32.2
vB = 3.2762 ft/s vB = 3.28 ft/s !
FS = k ( LCB ) = ( 20)( 0.5) = 10 lb
2.5 vB2
= 1.4286 lb
32.2 ( 7 /12)
Fy = N B + 10 2.5 = 1.4286
N B = 6.07 lb !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A 2.5-lb collar is attached to a spring and slides without friction along a
RUET
circular rod in a vertical plane. The spring has an undeformed length of
4 in. and a constant k. The collar is at rest at C and is given a slight push
to get it moving, Knowing that the maximum velocity of the collar is
achieved as it passes through point A, determine (a) the spring constant k,
(b) the maximum velocity of collar.
(a) For maximum velocity,

L = 7.61577 4 = 3.61577 in. = 0.30131 ft
at = &&
s =0 sin = ( 3/ 7.61577 )
W = 2.5 lb
Fy = 0 = 0.30131 k ( 3/ 7.61577 ) 2.5 = 0

k = 21.063 lb/ft k = 21.1 lb/ft !
(b) Put datum at C
1 2.5 2
TC = (VC ) g = (VC )e = 0, TA = vA
2 32.2
(VA ) g = 2.5 ( 7 /12) = 1.4583
1
(VA )e =
2
( 21.063)( 0.30131)2 = 0.9561
1 2.5 2
Conservation of energy: 0 = v A 1.4583 + 0.9561
2 32.2
v A = 3.597 v A = 3.60 ft/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
An 8-oz package is projected upward with a velocity v 0 by a spring at A;
it moves around a frictionless loop and is deposited at C. For each of the
two loops shown, determine (a) the smallest velocity v 0 for which the
package will reach C, (b) the corresponding force exerted by the package
on the loop just before the package leaves the loop at C.
(a) The smallest velocity at B will occur when the force exerted by the
Loop 1
tube on the package is zero.
mvB2
F = 0 + mg =
r
(
vB2 = rg = 1.5 ft 32.2 ft/s2 )
vB2 = 48.30
1
At A TA = m v02
2
0.5
VA = 0 8 oz = 0.5 lb = = 0.01553
32.2
1 2 1
At B TB = mvB = m ( 48.30 ) = 24.15 m
2 2
VB = mg ( 7.5 + 1.5 ) = 9 mg = 9 ( 0.5 ) = 4.5 lb ft
1
TA + VA = TB + VB : ( 0.01553) v02 = 24.15 ( 0.01553) + 4.5
2
v02 = 627.82 v0 = 25.056 v0 = 25.1 ft/s "
At C
1 2
TC = mvC = 0.007765vC2 vC = 7.5 mg = 7.5 ( 0.5 ) = 3.75
2
TA + VA = TC + VC : 0.007765v02 = 0.007765vC2 + 3.75
2
0.007765 ( 25.056 ) 3.75 = 0.007765vC2
vC2 = 144.87
continued
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
(b)
F = man : N = 0.01553
(144.87 )
1.5
N = 1.49989
Loop 2 {Package in tube} NC = 1.500 lb "

(a) At B, tube supports the package so,
vB 0
vB = 0, TB = 0 VB = mg ( 7.5 + 1.5 )
= 4.5 lb ft
TA + VA = TB + VB
1
( 0.01553) vA2 = 4.5 v A = 24.073
2
v A = 24.1 ft/s "
(b) At C TC = 0.007765vC2 , VC = 7.5 mg = 3.75
2
TA + VA = TC + VC : 0.007765 ( 24.073) = 0.007765vC2 + 3.75
vC2 = 96.573
96.573
NC = 0.01553 = 0.99985
1.5
{Package on tube} NC = 1.000 lb "
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
If the package of Prob. 13.73 is not to hit the horizontal surface at C with
RUET
a speed greater than 10 ft/s, (a) show that this requirement can be
satisfied only by the second loop, (b) determine the largest allowable
initial velocity v0 when the second loop is used.
(a) Loop 1
From 13.75, at B
vB2 = gr = 48.3 ft 2 /s 2 vB = 6.9498 ft/s
1 2 1
TB = mvB = ( 0.01553)( 48.3) = 0.37505
2 2
VB = mg ( 7.5 + 1.5 ) = ( 0.5 )( 9 ) = 4.5 lb ft
1 2 1
TC = mvC = ( 0.01553) vC2 = 0.007765vC2
2 2
VC = 7.5 ( 0.5 ) = 3.75 lb ft
TB + VB = TC + VC : 0.37505 + 4.5 = 0.007765vC2 + 3.75
vC2 = 144.887 vC = 12.039 ft/s

12.04 ft/s > 10 ft/s Loop (1) does not work !
1
(b) Loop 2 at A TA = mv02 = 0.007765v02
2
VA = 0
At C assume vC = 10 ft/s
1 2 2
TC = mvC = 0.007765 (10 ) = 0.7765
2
vC = 7.5 ( 0.5 ) = 3.75
TA + VA = TC + VC : 0.007765v02 = 0.7765 + 3.75
v0 = 24.144 v0 = 24.1 ft/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
The pendulum shown is released from rest at A and swings through 90
before the cord touches the fixed peg B. Determine the smallest value of a
for which the pendulum bob will describe a circle about the peg.
Use conservation of energy from the point of release (A) and the top of the circle.
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 (1) (datum at lowest point)
where
T1 = 0; V1 = mg l
1
At 2 T2 = m v 2 ; V2 = mgz = mg ( 2 )( l a )
2
1
Substituting into (1) 0 + mg l = m v 2 + 2mg ( l a ) (2)
2
We need another equation use Newtons 2nd law at the top. ( Tension, T0 = 0 at top )
m v2
Fn = man m g =

v2 = g = g ( l a )

1
mg l = mg ( l a ) + 2 mg ( l a )
2
2l = l a + 4l 4a
5 a = 3l
3
a= l!
5
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 70-kg skier starts from rest at point A and skis down the slope shown.
Neglecting friction, determine the force exerted on the skier by the snow
(a) just before the skier reaches B, (b) immediately after he has passed
through B. (c) Does the skier become airborne before reaching C?
Neglect the height of the skier compared to the radii of curvature.
TA = V A = 0, TB =
1
2
( )
( 70 ) vB2 , VB = 70 kg 9.81 m/s 2 ( 40 m )(1 0.7071)
1
TC = ( 70 ) vC2 , VC = 2VB
2
Conservation of energy: TB + VB = 0, vB = 15.161 m/s
TC + VC = 0, vC = 21.441 m/s
(a) ( )
N = 70 vB2 /40 + 70 g
N = 402.26 + 686.7
,
N B1 = 1089 N !
( )
N = 70 vB2 /40 + 70 g
(b) N = 402.26 + 686.7
,
N B2 = 284 N !
N 70 kg ( 0.7071) = 70 vC2 /40
N C1 = 804.5 + 485.6 < 0

(c)
Skier airborne? Yes!
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Prove that a force F ( x, y, z ) is conservative if, and only if, the following
relations are satisfied:
Fx Fy Fy Fz Fz Fx
= = =
y x z y x z
For a conservative force, Equation (13.22) must be satisfied

V V V
Fx = Fy = Fz =
x y z
Fx 2V Fy 2V
We now write = =
y xy x yx
2V 2V Fx Fy
Since = : = !
xy yx y x
We obtain in a similar way
Fy Fz Fz Fx
= = !
z y x z
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
The force F = ( yzi + zxj + xyk ) / xyz acts on the particle P ( x, y, z ) which
072052
moves in space. (a) Using the relation derived in Prob. 13.77, show that this RUET
force is a conservative force. (b) Determine the potential function
associated with F.
yz zx
(a) Fx = Fy =
xyz xyz
Fx
=
1x ( )
=0
Fy
=
( )=0
1
y
y y x x
Fx Fy
Thus =
y x
The other two equations derived in Problem 13.80 are checked in a similar way.
v v v
(b) Recall that Fx = , Fy = , Fz =
x y z
1 v
Fx = = V = ln x + f ( y, z ) (1)
x x
1 v
Fy = = V = ln y + g ( z, x ) (2)
y y
1 v
Fz = = V = ln z + h ( x, y ) (3)
z z
Equating (1) and (2)
ln x + f ( y, z ) = ln y + g ( z, x )
Thus f ( y, z ) = ln y + k ( z ) (4)
g ( z, x ) = ln x + k ( z ) (5)
Equating (2) and (3)
ln z + h ( x, y ) = ln y + g ( z, x )
g ( z, x ) = ln z + l ( x )
From (5)
g ( z, x ) = ln x + k ( z )
Thus
k ( z ) = ln z
l ( x ) = ln x
From (4)
f ( y, z ) = ln y ln z
Substitute for f ( y, z ) in (1)
V = ln x ln y ln z
V = ln xyz "
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
( )
3/ 2
The force F = ( xi + yj + zk ) / x 2 + y 2 + z 2 acts on the particle
P ( x, y, z ) which moves in space. (a) Using the relation derived in Prob.
13.77, prove that F is a conservative force. (b) Determine the potential
function V ( x, y, z ) associated with F.
x y
(a) Fx = 3
Fy = 1
( x2 + y 2 + )
z2 2 ( x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 2
Fx
=
( )
x 32 ( 2 y ) Fy
=
( )
y 32 2 y
5 5
y x
( x2 + y 2 + z2 2 ) ( x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 2
Fx Fy
Thus =
y x
The other two equations derived in Problem 13.79 are checked in a similar fashion
V V V
(b) Recalling that Fx = , Fy = , Fz =
x y z
V x
Fx = V = 3
dx
x
(x 2
+ y +2
)
z2 2
( )

V = x2 + y 2 + z 2 2 + f ( y, z )
V V
Similarly integrating and shows that the unknown function f ( x, y ) is a constant.
y z
1
V = 1
!
(x 2 2
+ y + )
z2 2
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A force F acts on a particle P(x, y) which moves in the xy plane.
Determine whether F is a conservative force and compute the
work of F when P describes the path ABCA knowing that
(a) F = ( kx + y ) i + ( kx + y ) j, (b) F = ( kx + y ) i + ( x + ky ) j.
(a)
a a2
U AB = 0 kxdx = k
2
Fx = Fy , F is normal to BC, U BC = 0
a 2
U CA = 0 ( a u )du =
a
2
a2
U ABCA = ( k 1) , not conservative !
2
Fx Fy
(b) From Problem 13.77, =1=
y x
Conservative, U ABCA = 0 !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
Certain springs are characterized by increasing stiffness with increasing
deformation according to the relation F = k1x + k2 x3 , where F is the
force exerted by the spring, k1 and k2 are positive constants, and x is the
deflection of the spring measured from its undeformed position.
Determine (a) the potential energy Ve as a function of x, (b) the
maximum velocity of a particle of mass m attached to the spring and
released from rest with x = x0 . Neglect friction.
(a)
x x
( )
U1 2 = x 2 Fdx = x 2 k1x + k2 x3 dx
1 1
=
2
(
k1 2
)
k
(
x2 x12 2 x24 x14
4
)
U1 2 = Ve1 Ve 2
1 2 1
Ve = k1x + k2 x 4 !
2 4
1 2
(b) Conservation of energy: T1 = 0, T2 = mv
2
1 2 1
V1e = k1x0 + k2 x04 , V2e = 0
2 4
1 2 1 2 1
mv = k1x0 + k2 x04
2 2 4
k1 2 k2 4
v= x0 + x0 !
m 2m
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
Certain springs are characterized by decreasing stiffness with increasing RUET
deformation according to the relation F = k1x k2 x3 , where F is the
force exerted by the spring, k1 and k 2 are positive constants, and x is the
deflection of the spring measured from its undeformed position.
Determine (a) the potential energy Ve as a function of x, (b) the
maximum velocity of a particle of mass m attached to the spring and
released from rest with x = x0 . Neglect friction.
(a)
x x
(
U1 2 = x 2 Fdx = x 2 k1x + k2 x3 dx
1 1
)
=
2
(
k1 2
) k
(
x2 x12 + 2 x24 x14
4
)
U1 2 = Ve1 Ve2:
1 2 1
Ve = k1x k2 x 4 !
2 4
1 2
(b) Conservation of energy: T1 = 0, T2 = mv
2
1 2 1
V1e = k1x0 k2 x04 , V2e = 0
2 4
1 2 1 2 1
mv = k1x0 k2 x04
2 2 4
k1 2 k2 4
v= x0 + x0 !
m 2m
2k1
Requires x0 <
k2
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A spacecraft is describing a circular orbit at an altitude of 930 mi above
the surface of the earth. As it passes through point A, its speed is reduced
by 40 percent and it enters an elliptic crash trajectory with the apogee at
point A. Neglecting air resistance, determine the speed of the spacecraft
when it reaches the earths surface at point B.
Circular orbit velocity

R = 3960 mi = 20.9088 106 ft
rAo = 930 mi = 4.9104 106 ft
vC2 GM
= 2 , GM = gR 2
r r
( )
2
GM gR 2 ( 32.2 ft/s ) 20.9088 106 ft
vC2 = = =
r r (
20.9088 106 ft + 4.9104 106 ft )
vC2 = 545.22 106 ft 2 /s 2
vC = 23350 ft/s
Velocity reduced to 60% of vC = 14010 ft/s

Conservation of energy:
TA + VA = TB + VB
1 GMm 1 GMm
mv A2 = mvB2
2 rA 2 rB
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 32.2 20.9088 106 vB2 32.2 20.9088 10
6
(14010 ) =
2 (
25.819 106 ) 2 (20.9088 106)
vB = 21269 ft/s vB = 4.03 mi/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A satellite describes an elliptic orbit of minimum altitude 376 mi above RUET
the surface of the earth. The semimajor and semiminor axes are 10840 mi
and 8670 mi, respectively. Knowing that the speed of the satellite at point
C is 2.97 mi/s, determine (a) the speed at point A, the perigee, (b) the
speed at point B, the apogee.
Distance OA = 3960 mi + 376 mi = 4336 mi = 22.894 106 ft
Distance OO E = 10,840 mi 4336 mi = 6504 mi = 34.341 106 ft

2 2
rC2 = ( 8670 ) + ( 6504 )
rC = 10,838.4 mi = 57.2268 106 ft
1 2 gR 2m
T +V = m (15681.6 )
2 rC
1
constant = (T + V ) = 123.032 106 ft 2/s2
m
R = 3960 mi = 20.9088 106 ft; vC = 2.97 mi/s = 15681.6 ft/s
T +V 1 gR 2
(a) At point A, = v A2
m 2 22.894 106 ft
( )( )
2
32.2 ft/s 2 20.9088 106 ft
( 123.032 10 ) 6 1 2
= vA
2 (
22.894 106 ft )
v A = 31364 ft/s v A = 5.94 mi/s !
(b) At point B, rB = 2 (10,840 mi ) ( 4336 mi )
= 17344 mi = 91.5763 106 ft
( )
2
1 2 ( 32.2 ) 20.9088 10
6
( 123.032 10 )
6
= vB
2 (
91.5763 106 )
vB = 7834.3 ft/s vB = 1.484 mi/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
Knowing that the velocity of an experimental space probe fired from the RUET
earth has a magnitude v A = 32.5 Mm/h at point A, determine the velocity
of the probe as it passes through point B.
rA = hA + R = 4.3 Mm + 6.37 Mm
rA = 10 67 Mm
rB = hB + R = 72.7 Mm + 6.37 Mm
rB = 19.07 Mm
-
At A, v A = 32.5 Mm/h = 9028 m/s
1 2
TA = m ( 9028 m/s ) = 40.752 106 m
2
GMm gR 2m
VA = =
rA rA
rA = 10.67 Mm = 10.67 106 m
R = 6370 km = 6.37 106 m
(9.81 m/s )(6.37 10 m)

2 6 2
VA = m = 37.306 106 m
(10.67 10 m) 6
1 2 GMm gR 2m
At B TB = mvB ; VB = =
2 rB rB
rB = 19.07 Mm = 19.07 106 m
(9.81 m/s )(6.37 10 m)

2 6 2
m
VB = = 20.874 106 m
(19.07 10 m) 6
1 2
TA + VA = TB + VB ; 40.752 106 m 37.306 106 m = mvB 20.874 106 m
2
vB2 = 2 40.752 106 37.306 106 + 20.874 106
vB2 = 48.64 106 m 2 /s 2

vB = 6.9742 103 m/s = 25.107 Mm/h vB = 25.1 Mm/h !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A lunar excursion module (LEM) was used in the Apollo moon-landing
missions to save fuel by making it unnecessary to launch the entire
Apollo spacecraft from the moons surface on its return trip to earth.
Check the effectiveness of this approach by computing the energy per
kilogram required for a spacecraft to escape the moons gravitational field
if the spacecraft starts from (a) the moons surface, (b) a circular orbit
80 km above the moons surface. Neglect the effect of the earths
gravitational field. (The radius of the moon is 1740 km and its mass is
0.0123 times the mass of the earth.)
Note: GM moon = 0.0123GM earth
By Equation 12.30 GM moon = 0.0123gRE2

At distance from moon: r2 = , assume v2 = 0
GM m mlem
E2 = T2 + V2 = 0 =00=0

(a) On surface of moon: RM = 1740 km = 1.74 106 m
v1 = 0, T1 = 0 RE = 6370 km = 6.37 106 m
GM m mlem 0.0123 gRE2 mlem
V1 = E1 = T1 + V1 = 0
RM Rm
( 0.0123) ( 9.81 m/s2 )( 6.37 106 m )

2
mlem
E1 =
(1.740 10 m )
6
Where mlem = mass of the lem
(
E1 = 2.814 106 m 2 /s 2 mlem )
(
E = E2 E1 = 0 + 2.814 106 m 2 /s 2 mlem )
E
Energy per kilogram: = 2810 kj/kg !
mlem
(b) r1 = Rm + 80 km
r1 = (1740 km + 80 km ) = 1820 km = 1.82 106 m
Newtons second law:
GM m mlem mlemv12
F = mlem alem: =
r12 r1
GM m 1 1 mlemGM m
v12 = T1 = mlemv12 =
r1 2 2 r1
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
GM mmlem 1 GM m mlem GM m mlem

V1 = E1 = T1 + V1 =
r1 2 r1 r1
1 ( 0.0123) gRE mlem

2
1 GM m mlem
E1 = =
2 r1 2 r1
E1 =
( )(
1 ( 0.0123) 9.81 m/s 6.37 10 m mlem
2 3
)
2 1.82 106 m
( )
E1 = 1.345 106 m 2 /s 2 mlem
( )
E = E2 E1 = 0 + 1.345 106 m 2 /s 2 mlem
E
Energy per kilogram: = 1345 kJ/kg !
mlem
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A satellite is placed into an elliptic orbit about the earth. Knowing that the RUET
ratio v A / vP of the velocity at the apogee A to the velocity at the perigee
P is equal to the ratio rP / rA of the distance to the center of the earth at P
to that at A, and that the distance between A and P is 50,000 mi,
determine the energy per unit weight required to place the satellite in its
orbit by launching it from the surface of the earth. Exclude the additional
energy needed to overcome the weight of the booster rocket, air
resistance, and maneuvering.
Total energy per unit weight
1 2 GMm 1 2 GMm
E0 = TA + VA = Tp + V p ; E0 = mv A = mv p
2 rA 2 rp
Unit weightW = mg
W 2 W GM W 2 W GM
E0 = vA = vp
2g g rA 2g g rp
E0 v2 GM v 2p GM
= A = (1)
W 2g grA 2g grp
v A2 v 2 GM 1 1
1 2p =
2 g v A g rA rp
v 2p rp rA
v A2 1 2 = 2GM
v A rArp

vA rp
= ( given )
vp rA
r2 rp rA
v A2 1 A2 = 2GM
rp rArp

rp2 rA2 r rA
v A2 = 2GM p
rp 2
rArp
rp 1
v A2 = 2GM (2)
rA rp + rA
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Substitute v A from (2) into (1)
E0 1 r 1 GM GM rp 1 1
= 2GM p =
W 2g rA rp + rA grA g rA rp + rA rA

=
GM rp

GM
1 =
(
rp rp + rA )
rA g rp + rA rA g rp + rA

GM
=
g ( rA + rB )
E0 RE2
GM = gRE2 =
W rA + rp
2
E0
=
( 3960 mi 5280 ft/mi ) = 1.65598 106 ft lb/lb
W ( 50,000 mi 5280 ft/mi )
WGM
On earth: EE = TE + VE , VE = 0, TE = 0, VE =
gRE
EE GM gR 2
= = E = RE = 20.9088 106 ft lb/lb
W gRE gRE
Ep E0 EE
For propulsion: =
W W W
(
= 1.65598 106 20.9088 106 )
Ep
= 19.25 106 ft lb/lb "
W
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
While describing a circular orbit 200 mi above the earth a space vehicle
launches a 6000-lb communications satellite. Determine (a) the additional
energy required to place the satellite in a geosynchronous orbit at an
altitude of 22,000 mi above the surface of the earth, (b) the energy
required to place the satellite in the same orbit by launching it from the
surface of the earth, excluding the energy needed to overcome air
resistance. (A geosynchronous orbit is a circular orbit in which the
satellite appears stationary with respect to the ground.)
Geosynchronous orbit
r1 = 3960 + 200 = 4160 mi = 21.965 106 ft
r2 = 3960 + 22,000 = 25,960 mi = 137.07 106 ft

1 2 GMm
Total energy E = T +V = mv
2 r
M = mass of earth
m = mass of satellite
GMm mv 2 GM
Newtons second law F = man ; = v2 =
r2 r r
1 2 GM GMm
T = mv = m V =
2 2r r
1 GMm GMm 1 GMm
E = T +V = =
2 r r 2 r
1 gRE2 m 1 RE2W
GM = gRE2 E = = where (W = mg )
2 r 2 r
( )
2
1 ( 6000 ) 20.9088 10 ft
6
1.3115 1018
E = = lb ft
2 r r
Geosynchronous orbit at r2 = 137.07 106 ft
1.3115 1018
EGs = = 9.5681 109 lb ft
137.07 106
(a) At 200 mi, r1 = 21.965 106 ft
1.3115 1018
E200 = = 5.9709 1010
21.965 106
E300 = EGs E200 = 5.0141 1010
E300 = 50.1 109 ft lb !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
(b) Launch from earth

GMm gRE2 m
At launch pad EE = = = WRE
RE RE
EE = 6000 ( 3960 5280 ) = 1.25453 1011
EE = EGs EE = 9.5681 109 + 125.453 109
E E = 115.9 109 ft lb !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A space shuttle ejects two communication satellites while describing a
circular orbit, 296 km above the surface of the earth. Knowing that one
of these satellites had a mass of 3600 kg, determine (a) the additional
energy required to place the satellite in a geosynchronous orbit (see Prob.
12.81) at an altitude of 35 780 km above the surface of the earth, (b) the
energy required to place it in the same orbit by launching it from the
surface of the earth.
We know
Geosynchronous orbit: r2 = 35780 + 6370 = 42,150 km
Orbit of shuttle: r1 = 6370 km + 296 km = 6666 km
Radius of Earth: R = 6370 km also = GM = gR 2
For any circular orbit
GMm mv 2 GM
F = man 2
= v2 =
r r r
Energy
1 2 1 GMm GMm
T = mv = ; v=
2 2 r r
1 GMm GMm 1 GMm 1 gR 2m
E =T +V = = =
2 r r 2 r 2 r
For Geosynchronous orbit
( )( )
2
1 9.81 m/s 6.370 10 m
2 6
( 3600 kg )
E2 = = 16.999 109 J
2 42.150 106 m
For orbit of shuttle
( )
2
1 ( 9.81) 6.370 10 ( 3600 )
6
E1 = = 107.487 106 J
2 6.666 106
On the launching pad vo = 0
Eo =
GMm
R
( )
= mgR = ( 3600 )( 9.81) 6.370 106 = 224.963 109 J
(a) From shuttle to orbit
(
E = E2 E1 = 16.999 109 J 107.487 109 J )
E = 90.5 109 J "
(b) From surface to orbit
(
E = E2 E0 = 16.999 109 J 224.963 109 J )
E = 208 109 J "
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A satellite of mass m describes a circular orbit of radius r about the earth.
Express as a function of r (a) the potential energy of the satellite, (b) its
kinetic energy, (c) its total energy. Denote the radius of the earth by R and
the acceleration of gravity at the surface of the earth by g, and assume that
the potential energy of the satellite is zero on its launching pad.
GMm gR 2m
(a) Potential energy V = = + constant
r r
(cf. Equation 13.17)
Choosing the constant so that V = 0 for r = R :
R
V = mgR 1 !
r
(b) Kinetic energy
GMm v2
Newtons second law F = man : = m
r2 r
GM gR 2
v2 = =
r r
1 2 1 mgR 2
T = mv T = !
2 2 r
Energy
(c) Total energy
1 gR 2 R
E = T +V = m + mg 1
2 r r
R
E = mgR 1 !
2r
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
The orbit of the planet Venus is nearly circular with an orbital velocity of
78.3 103 mi/h. Knowing that the mean distance from the center of the
sun to the center of Venus is 67.2 106 mi and that the mass of the sun is
407 103 times the mass of Venus, determine (a) the mass of the sun,
(b) the total energy of Venus.
mv 2 GMm
In a circular orbit, FN = =
r r2
m = mass of Venus, M = mass of Sun
GM 1 2 GMm
v2 = , T = mv =
r 2 2r
GMm GMm
V = , T +V =
r 2r
2
88
2 (78.3 103 ) (67.2 106 )(5280)
v r 60
(a) M = =
G 34.4 1019
M = 136.0 1027 lb s 2 /ft !
GMm 1
(b) T +V = = mv 2
2r 2
2
1 136.029 1027 88
T +V = 78.3 103
2 407 10 3
60
T + V = 2.20 1033 lb ft !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
(a) Show that, by setting r = R + y in the right-hand member of
Eq. (13.17) and expanding that member in a power series in y / R, the
expression in Eq. (13.16) for the potential energy Vg due to gravity is a
first-order approximation for the expression given in Eq. (13.17).
(b) Using the same expansion, derive a second-order approximation
for Vg .
WR 2 WR 2 WR
Vg = setting r = R + y : Vg = =
r R+ y 1 + Ry
y
1 ( 1) y ( 1)( 2 ) y
2
Vg = WR 1 + = WR 1 + + + !
R 1 R 1 2 R
We add the constant WR, which is equivalent to changing the datum from r = to r = R :
y y 2
Vg = WR + !
R R
(a) First order approximation:
y
Vg = WR = Wy !
R
[ Equation 13.16]
y y 2
(b) Second order approximation: Vg = WR
R R
Wy 2
Vg = Wy !
R
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
Collar B has a mass of 4 kg and is attached to a spring of
constant 1500 N/m and of undeformed length of 0.4 m. The
system is set in motion with r = 0.2 m, v = 6 m/s, and vr = 0.
Neglecting the mass of the rod and the effect of friction,
determine the radial and transverse components of the velocity
of the collar when r = 0.5 m.
Use Conservation of energy and Conservation of angular momentum.
Conservation of angular momentum.
r1v 1 ( 0.2 )( 6 )
r1mv1 = r2mv2 v 2 = =
r2 0.5
v 2 = 2.4 m/s !
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 (1)
1 2 1
mv1 = ( 4 kg )( 6 m/s ) = 72 J
2
At 1 T1 =
2 2
1 2 1 2
V1 = kx1 = (1500 N/m )( 0.2 m 0.4 m ) = 72 J
2 2
1 1 1 2 1
At 2 T2 = mv22 + mv22r = ( 4 )( 2.4 ) + ( 4 ) v22r
2 2 2 2
= 11.52 + 2v22r
1 2 1 2
V2 = kx2 = (1500 N/m )( 0.5 m 0.4 m ) = 7.5 J
2 2
Substituting into (1) 72 + 30 = 11.52 + 2v22r + 7.5
2v22r = 82.98
v2r = 6.44 m/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
For the motion described in Prob. 13.93, determine (a) the
maximum distance between the origin and the collar, (b) the
corresponding velocity. (Hint. Solve by trial and error the
equation obtained for r.)
Conservation of angular momentum.
r1 m v1 = rmax m v2
so
v2 =
r1v1
=
( 0.2 )( 6 ) = 1.2
rmax rmax rmax
Energy
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 (1)
where,
1 2 1
mv1 = ( 4 kg )( 6 m/s ) = 72 J
2
At 1 T1 =
2 2
1 2 1 2
V1 = kx1 = (1500 )( 0.2 0.4 ) = 30 J
2 2
0 2
1 1 1 1.2 288
At 2 T2 = mv22 + mv22r = ( 4 ) = 2
2 2 2 rmax rmax
1 2 1 2
V2 = kx2 = (1500 ) ( rmax 0.4 )
2 2
2.88 2
Substituting into (1) 72 + 30 = 2
+ 750 ( rmax 0.4 )
rmax
Solve by trial for rmax rmax = 0.760 m !
Solve for v2
1.2 1.2
v2 = = v2 = 1.580 m/s !
rmax 0.760
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
Two identical 4-lb collars, A and B, are attached to a spring of
RUET
constant 7 lb/ft and can slide on a horizontal rod which is free to
rotate about a vertical shaft. Collar B is initially prevented from
sliding by a stop as the rod rotates at a constant rate 0 = 5 rad/s
and the spring is in compression with rA = 3 ft and rB = 7.5 ft.
After the stop is removed both collars move out along the rod.
At the instant when rB = 9 ft, determine (a) rA, (b) , (c) the
total kinetic energy. Neglect friction and the mass of the rod.
Initial state
F = ma
mrA! 2
kx0 = mrA! 2 , x0 =
k
x0 =
( 4 / 32.2 )( 3 ft )( 5 rad/s )2 = 1.331 ft
7 lb/ft
Unstretched length = 4.5 ft + 1.331 ft = 5.831 ft
Conservation of angular momentum
hA = rA2! = ( 3) ( 5 ) = 45
2
(A) (1)
2 2
(B) hB = rB2! = ( 9 ) ! = ( 7.5 ) ( 5 ) , ! = 3.4722 (2)
(a) Substitute into (1) gives rA = 3.6 ft !
(b) ! = 3.47 rad/s !
1
Conservation of energy T0 + V0 = T + V , V0 = ( 7 lb/ft )(1.331 ft )2 = 6.200 ft lb
2
1 4 2 1 4 2
T0 = 5 ( 3) + 5 ( 7.5 ) = 101.320 ft lb
2 32.2 2 32.2
1 2
V = ( 7 ) ( 9 3.6 ) 5.831 = 0.6501 ft lb
2
T = T0 + V0 V
= 101.32 + 6.200 0.6501
(c) T = 106.9 ft lb!
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
Two identical 4-lb collars, A and B, are attached to a spring of RUET
constant 7 lb/ft and can slide on a horizontal rod which is free to
rotate about a vertical shaft. Collar B is initially prevented from
sliding by a stop as the rod rotates at a constant rate 0 = 5 rad/s
and the spring is in compression with rA = 3 ft and rB = 7.5 ft.
After the stop is removed both collars move along the rod. At
the instant when the spring is in compression and the total
kinetic energy is 100 ft lb, determine (a) rA , (b) rB , (c) .
Neglect friction and the mass of the rod.
Initial state
F = ma
kx0 = mrA! 2
mr ! 2 ( 4 / 32.2)( 3)( 5)
2
x0 = A = = 1.331 ft
k 7
Unstretched length = 4.5 + 1.331 = 5.831 ft
1 4 2 1 4 2
T0 = 5 ( 3) + 5 ( 7.5)
2 32.2 2 32.2
= 101.320 ft lb
1
V0 = ( 7 )(1.331)2 = 6.200 ft lb
2
1
T + V = 100 + ( 7 ) x12 = 101.32 + 6.200
2
x1 = 1.4658 ft
For compression:
( rB rA ) 5.831 = 1.4658
2
(A) hA = rA2! = ( 3) ( 5 ) = 45
hB = rB2! = ( 7.5 ) ( 5 ) = 281.25

2
(B)
continued
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
2
rB2 = ( 2.5 ) rA2 , rB = 2.5rA
rB rA 5.831 = 2.5rA rA 5.831 = 1.5rA 5.831
(a) 1.5rA 5.831 = 1.4658 rA = 2.91 ft !
(b) rB = 2.5rA = 7.2753 ft rB = 7.28 ft !
(c) rA2! = 45, ! = 5.31 rad/s ! = 5.31 rad/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Using the principles of conservation of energy and conservation of

angular momentum, solve part a of Sample Prob. 13.9.
R = 6370 km
r0 = 500 km + 6370 km
r0 = 6870 km
= 6.87 106 m
v0 = 36,900 km/h
36.9 106 m
=
3.6 103 s
= 10.25 103 m/s

r0mv0 = r1mv A , r0 = rmin , r1 = rmax
r 6.870 106
VA = 0 v0 =
r1 r
(
10.25 10
3
)
1
70.418 109
VA = (1)
r1
Point A
v0 = 10.25 103 m/s
1 2 1
( )
2
TA = mv0 = m 10.25 103
2 2
(
TA = ( m ) 52.53 106 ( J ) )
GMm
( )( )
2
VA = GM = gR 2 = 9.81 m/s 2 6.37 106 m
r0
GM = 398 1012 m3/s 2
r0 = 6.87 106 m
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
VA =
(398 10 m /s ) m = 57.93 10
12 3 2
6
m (J)
( 6.87 10 m )
6
Point A
1 2
TA = mv A
2
GMm 398 1012 m

VA = = (J)
r1 r1
TA + VA = TA + VA
1 398 1012 m
52.53 106 m 57.93 106 m = m v A2
2 r1
Substituting for v A from (1)
( 70.418 10 )
2
9
398 1012
5.402 106 =
( 2 )( r1 )2 r1
5.402 106 =
( 2.4793 10 ) 398 10
21 12
r12 r1
(5.402 10 ) r (398 10 ) r + 2.4793 10

6
1
2 12
1
21
=0
r1 = 66.7 106 m, 6.87 106 m
rmax = 66,700 km !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A 0.7-kg ball that can slide on a horizontal frictionless surface is attached RUET
to a fixed point O by means of an elastic cord of constant k = 150 N/m
and undeformed length 600 mm. The ball is placed at point A, 800 mm
from O, and given an initial velocity v 0 perpendicular to OA. Determine
(a) the smallest allowable value of the initial speed v0 if the cord is not to
become slack, (b) the closest distance d that the ball will come to point O
if it is given half the initial speed found in part a.
The cord will not go slack if v2 is perpendicular to the undeformed cord

length, L0 , at 2
0.8
0.8v1 = 0.6v2 v2 = v1 = 1.333v0
0.6
1 2
Point 1 v1 = v0 T1 = mv0 = 0.35v02
2
1 2 1 2
V1 = k ( L L0 ) = (150 N/m )( 0.8 m 0.6 m )
2 2
V1 = 3J
1 2
Point 2 T2 = mv2 = 0.35v22
2
L = 0 V =0 T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 : 0.35vB2 + 3 = 0.35v22 + 0
From conservation of angular momentum v2 = 1.3158vB
0.35v02 (1.3158 ) 1 = 3
2

v02 =
( 3J ) = 11.72 m 2 /s 2
( 0.35 kg )( 0.7313)
v0 = 3.42 m/s "
continued
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
The ball travels in a straight line after the cord goes slack.
( 0.8)(1.71) = dv
1.368
d =
v
v1 = 1.71 m/s
Point 1
1 2 1 2
T1 = mv1 = ( 0.7 kg )(1.71 m/s ) = 1.0234 J
2 2
1 2 1 2
V1 = k ( L L0 ) = (150 N/m )( 0.8 m 0.6 m ) = 3J
2 2
1 2
Point 3 T3 = mv3 = 0.35v 2
2
V3 = 0
T1 + V1 = T3 + V3 : 1.0234 + 3 = 0.35v 2 + 0
v = 3.39 m/s
From conservation of momentum
1.368 1.368
d = = = 404 mm
v 3.39
d = 404 mm "
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A 0.7-kg ball that can slide on a horizontal frictionless surface is attached RUET
to a fixed point O by means of an elastic cord of constant k = 150 N/m
and undeformed length 600 mm. The ball is placed at point A, 800 mm
from O, and given an initial velocity v 0 perpendicular to OA, allowing
the ball to come within a distance d = 270 mm of point O after the cord
has become slack. Determine (a) the initial speed v0 of the ball, (b) its
maximum speed.
(a) Conservation of angular momentum: About O

0.8v0 = 0.27v
v = 2.963v0
1 2
Point 1 v1 = v0 T1 = mv0 = 0.35v02
2
1 1
k ( L1 L0 ) = (150 N/m )( 0.8 m 0.6 m )
2 2
V1 =
2 2
V1 = 3 J
1 2
Point 2 v2 = v T2 = mv = 0.35v 2
2
V2 = 0 ( cord is slack )
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 : 0.35v02 + 3 = 0.35v 2 + 0
From conservation of angular momentum, v = 3.125v0
0.35v02 ( 3.125 ) 1 = 3
2

v02 =
( 3J )
( 0.35 kg )(8.7656 )
v02 = 0.9779 m2 /s 2
v0 = 0.989 m/s "

(b) Maximum velocity occurs when the ball is at its minimum distance
from O, (when d = 0.27 m)
vm = 3.125v0 = ( 3.125 )( 0.9889 ) = 3.09 m/s
vm = 3.09 m/s "
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
After completing their moon-exploration mission, the two RUET
astronauts forming the crew of an Apollo lunar excursion
module (LEM) would prepare to rejoin the command module
which was orbiting the moon at an altitude of 140 km. They
would fire the LEMs engine, bring it along a curved path to a
point A, 8 km above the moons surface, and shut off the engine.
Knowing that the LEM was moving at that time in a direction
parallel to the moons surface and that it then coasted along an
elliptic path to a rendezvous at B with the command module,
determine (a) the speed of the LEM at engine shutoff, (b) the
relative velocity with which the command module approached
the LEM at B. (The radius of the moon is 1740 km and its mass
is 0.01230 times the mass of the earth.)

rA
mrAv A = mrBvB vB = vA (1)
rB
1 2 GMm 1 2 GMm
mv A = mvB (2)
2 rA 2 rB
Put (1) into (2) and solve for v A

2GMrB
v A2 = (3)
rA ( rB + rA )
Given data rA = R + hA = 1740 + 8 = 1748 km = 1.748 103 m
At B rB = R + hB = 1740 + 140 = 1880 km = 1.880 103 m
M moon = 0.0123 M earth
( GM )moon = 0.0123 ( GM )earth = 0.0123 gR 2
( )
2
= 0.0123 ( 9.81) 6.370 106 = 4.8961 1012 m3/s 2
(a) Speed at A
v A2 =
( )(
2 4.8961 1012 1.88 106 ) = 2.9029
1.748 10 6
(1.880 10 6
+ 1.748 106 )
v A = 1703.8 m/s v A = 1704 m/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
(b) At B
rA 1748
vB = vA = (1703.8) = 1584.2 m/s
rB 1880
The command module is in a circular orbit
At rB = 1.880 106 m
1
GM 4.8961 1012 2
vcirc = = 6
= 1613.8 m/s
rB 1.880 10
Relative velocity = vcirc vB = (1613.8 1584.2 ) = 29.6 m/s
Relative velocity = 29.6 m/s
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
RUET
While describing a circular orbit, 264 km above the surface of the earth, a
space shuttle ejects at point A an inertial upper stage (IUS) carrying a
communication satellite to be placed in a geosynchronous orbit (see
Prob. 12.81) at an altitude of 35 780 km above the surface of the earth.
Determine (a) the velocity of the IUS relative to the shuttle after its
engine has been fired at A, (b) the increase in velocity required at B to
place the satellite in its final orbit.
rA 2GMrB
From 13.100 vB = v A (1) and v A2 = (2)
rB rA (rA + rB )
Given data hA = 264 km; rA = 6370 km + 264 km = 6634 km
= 6.634 106 m
hB = 35780 km; rB = 6370 km + 35780 km = 42,150 km
= 42.150 106 m
( ) = 398.06 10
2
GM = gR 2 = ( 9.81) 6.37 106 12
Substitute into (2) v A2 =

(
2 398.06 1012 )( 42.150 10 )6
(6.634 10 )( 42.150 10
6 6
+ 6.634 106 )
= 103.69 106 m 2 /s 2
v A = 10,183 m/s
6634
Substitute into (1) vB =
42,150
(10,183) = 1602.7 m/s
At A we have a circular orbit
GM 398.06 1012
vcirc = = = 7746.2 m/s
rA 6.634 106
Relative velocity v A vcirc = (10,183 7746.2)
Relative velocity = 2.44 km/s "
1
GM 398.06 1012 2
At B vcirc = = 6
= 3073.1 m/s
rB 42.15 10
Increase in velocity = vcirc vB = 3073.1 1602.7 = 1470 m/s
Increase in v = 1.470 km/s "
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
As a first approximation to the analysis of a space flight from the earth to RUET
Mars, it is assumed that the orbits of the earth and Mars are circular and
coplanar. The mean distances from the sun to the earth and to Mars are
93.0 106 mi and 141.5 106 mi, respectively. To place the spacecraft
into an elliptical transfer orbit at point A, its speed is increased over a
short interval of time to v A which is faster than the earths orbital speed.
When the spacecraft reaches point B on the elliptical transfer orbit, its
speed vB is increased to the orbital speed of Mars. Knowing that the
mass of the sun is 332.8 103 times the mass of the earth, determine the
increase in velocity required (a) at A, (b) at B.
M = Mass of the sun; GM E = gR 2 ; R = 3960 mi = 20.9088 106 ft
( )( )
2
GM = 332.8 (10) 32.2 ft/s 2 20.9088 106 ft
2
= 4.6849 1021 ft 3/s 2
GM
Circular orbits Earth vE = = 97,677 ft/s
(93 106 )(5280)
GM
Mars vM = = 79187 ft/s
(141.5 106 )(5280)

Elliptical orbit v A ( 93) = vB (141.5)
1 2 GM 1 GM
vA = vB2
2 (
93 10 ( 5280)
6 2 ) (
141.5 106 ( 5280) )
141.5
v A = vB = 1.5215vB
93
1 4.6849 1021 1 2 4.6849 1021

(1.5215)2 vB2 = v
2 (
93 106 ( 5280) 2 ) B
(
141.5 106 ( 5280) )
0.6575vB2 = 3.270 109
vB = 70524 ft/s; v A = 107,303 ft/s
(a) Increase at A, v A vE = 107303 97677 = 9626 ft/s = 1.823 mi/s !
(b) Increase at B, vB vM = 79187 70524 = 8663 ft/s = 1.641 mi/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A spacecraft describing an elliptic orbit about a planet has a maximum
speed v A = 5 mi/s at its minimum altitude hA = 1200 mi above the
surface of the planet and a minimum speed vB = 1.2 mi/s at its maximum
altitude hB = 16,300 mi. Determine (a) the radius of the planet, (b) the
mass of the planet.
R = planet radius
rA = R + hA; rB = R + hB
v A ( R + hA ) = vB ( R + hB )
5 ( R + 1200 mi ) = 1.2 ( R + 16300 mi )
5R + 6000 = 1.2 R + 19560; 3.8R = 13560

(a) R = 3568.4 mi R = 3570 mi !
Conservation of energy ms = mass of spacecraft
1 GMms 1 msGM
TA + VA = TB + VB ; msv A2 = ms vB2
2 ( R + hA ) 2 ( R + hB )
( 5 ( 5280 ) ) (1.2 ( 5280 ) )
2 2
GM GM
=
2 ( 3568.4 + 1200 ) 5280 2 ( 3568.4 + 16300 )( 5280 )
GM GM
348.48 106 = 20.072 106
25.177 10 6
104.905 106
GM = 10.879 1015 ft 3/s 2
Using G = 34.4 109 ft 4 /lb s 4
(b) M = 316.26 1021 slugs M = 316 1021 slugs !

(planet is Venus)
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
The optimal way of transferring a space vehicle from an inner circular
orbit to an outer coplanar orbit is to fire its engines as it passes through A
to increase its speed and place it in an elliptic transfer orbit. Another
increase in speed as it passes through B will place it in the desired circular
orbit. For a vehicle in a circular orbit about the earth at an altitude
h1 = 320 km, which is to be transferred to a circular orbit at an altitude
h2 = 800 km, determine (a) the required increase in speed at A and B,
(b) the total energy per unit mass required to execute the transfer.
Elliptical orbit between A and B

mrAv A = mrBvB
rB 7.170
vA = vB = vB
rA 6.690
rA = 6370 km + 320 km = 6690 km, rA = 6.690 106 m
v A = 1.0718vB (1)
rB = 6370 km + 800 km = 7170 km, rB = 7.170 106 m
R = ( 6370 km ) = 6.37 106 m
( )( )
2
GM = gR 2 = 9.81 m/s 2 6.37 106 m = 398.060 1012 m3/s 2
Point A
TA =
1 2
mv A VA =
GMm
=
(
398.060 1012 m )
2 rA (
6.690 106 )
VA = 59.501 106 m
Point B
1
TB = mvB2 VB =
GMm
=
(
398.060 1012 m )
2 rB 7.170 106 ( )
VB = 55.5 106 m
TA + VA = TB + VB
continued
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
1 2 1
mv A 59.501 106 m = mvB2 55.5 106 m
2 2
v A2 vB2 = 8.002 106
vB2 (1.0718 ) 1 = 8.002 106

2
From (1) v A = 1.0718vB

vB2 = 53.79 106 m 2 /s 2 , vB = 7334 m/s
v A = (1.0718 )( 7334 m/s ) = 7861 m/s
Circular orbit at A and B

(Equation 12.44)
GM 398.060 1012
( vA )C = = = 7714 m/s
rA 6.690 106
GM 398.060 1012
( vB )C = = = 7451 m/s
rB 7.170 106
(a) Increases in speed at A and B

v A = v A ( v A )C = 7861 7714 = 147 m/s !
vB = ( vB )C vB = 7451 7334 = 117 m/s !
(b) Total energy per unit mass

1
v A ) ( v A )C + ( vB )C ( vB )
2 2 2 2
E/m = (
2
1
E/m =

( 7861)2 ( 7714 )2 + ( 7451)2 ( 7334 )2
2
E/m = 2.01 106 J/kg !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A spacecraft approaching the planet Saturn reaches point A with a RUET
velocity v A of magnitude 21 km/s. It is placed in an elliptic orbit about
Saturn so that it will be able to periodically examine Tethys, one of
Saturns moons. Tethys is in a circular orbit of radius 295 103 km
about the center of Saturn, traveling at a speed of 11.3 km/s. Determine
(a) the decrease in speed required by the spacecraft at A to achieve the
desired orbit, (b) the speed of the spacecraft when it reaches the orbit of
Tethys at B.
(a) rA = 185 106 m
rB = 295 106 m
vA = Speed of spacecraft in the elliptical orbit after its speed

has been decreased
Elliptical orbit between A and B conservation of energy
1 2 GM sat m
Point A TA = mv A , VA =
2 rA
M sat = mass of saturn
Determine GM sat from the speed of Tethys in its circular orbit.
GM sat 2
(Equation 12.44) vcirc = GM sat = rBvcirc
r
( )( )
2
GM sat = 295 106 m 11.3 103 m/s = 37.67 1015 m3/s 2
VA =
( 37.67 10 m /s ) m = 0.2036 10 m
15 3 2
9
(185 10 m ) 6
Point B
1
TB = mvB2 VB =
GM sat m
=
(
37.67 1015 m3/s 2 m )
2 rB 295 106m ( )
VB = 0.1277 109
TA + VA = TB + VB ;
1 1
mv A2 0.2036 109 m = mvB2 0.1277 109 m
2 2
vA2 vB2 = 0.1518 109
continued
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET

rA 185 106
rAmvA = rB mvB vB = vA = vA = 0.6271vA
rB 295 106
vA2 1 ( 0.6271) = 0.1518 109 ,

2
vA = 15817 m/s

v A = v A vA = 21000 15817 = 5183 m/s = 5.18 km/s !
rA
(b) vB = vA = ( 0.6271)(15817 ) = 9919 m/s,
rB
vB = 9.92 km/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A space shuttle is to rendezvous with an orbiting laboratory which circles
RUET
the earth at a constant altitude of 360 km. The shuttle has reached an
altitude of 60 km when its engine is shut off, and its velocity v0 forms an
angle 0 = 50 with the vertical OB at that time. What magnitude should
v0 have if the shuttles trajectory is to be tangent at A to the orbit of the
laboratory?
1 2 GMm 1 2 GMm
mv0 = mv A
2 rB 2 rA
2GM rB
So v A2 = v02 1 (1)
rB rA
Given
R = 6370 km = 6.37 106 m
( )
2
GM = gR 2 = ( 9.81) 6.37 106 = 398 1012
rA = 6370 + 360 = 6730 km = 6.73 106 m
rB = 6370 + 60 = 6430 km = 6.43 106 m

Substitute into (1)
v A2 = v02
(
2 398 1012

)1
6.43 106

6.43 106 6.73 106
v A2 = v02 5.518 106 (2)
We need another equation conservation of angular momentum

rB mv sin = rA m v A
rB v0 sin 6.43 106
vA = = v0 sin 50
6
rA 6.73 10
v A = 0.7319 v0
Substitute into (2)
( 0.7319 v0 )2 = v02 5.518 106
0.46433 v02 = 5.518 106
v0 = 3477 m/s
v0 = 3450 m/s "
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
An experimental space probe is launched from the earth and enters a
highly eccentric elliptic orbit as it reaches point A. Knowing that its
velocity there is observed to be v A = 30,000 km/h at an angle of 60 with
the vertical, determine the minimum altitude of the orbit.
T +V 1 GM
Let E = = constant = v A2
m 2 rA
km m 1
v A = 30,000 1000
hr km 3600 s/hr
v A = 8333.33 m/s
( )( )
2
GM = gR 2 = 9.81 m/s 2 6.37 106 m
GM = 398.059 1012 m3/s 2
rA = 4.3 106 m + R = 4.3 106 m + 6.37 106 m
rA = 10.67 106 m
1 398.059 1012
E = (8333.3)2
2 10.67 106
E = 2584.19 103 m 2 /s 2
h/m = constant = v A rA sin 60
(
h/m = (8333.33 m/s ) 10.67 106 m )( 3/2 )
h/m = 77.0041 109 m 2 /s
h/m
At min or max altitude, h/m = r v, v =
r
Eliminate
2
h/m 1 2 GM 1 h/m GM
v= :E= v =
r 2 R 2 r r
2
2 2 1 h
Multiply by r : Er = GMr
2m
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
2
1 h
And rearrange Er 2 + ( GM ) r =0
2m
GM + ( GM )2 + 2E ( h/m )2
Quadratic formula for minimum r: rmin =
2E
398.06 1012 + ( 398.06 )2 1024 + 2 ( 2584.2 103 ) ( 77.004 )2 1018

rmin =
(
2 2584.2 103 )
398.06 1012 + 357.50 1012

rmin =
(
2 2584.2 103 )
rmin = 7.848 106 m
Minimum altitude = 7.848 106 R
= 7.848 106 m 6.37 106 m
= 1.478 106 m
Minimum altitude = 1478 km !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
During a flyby of the earth the velocity of a spacecraft is 6.5 mi/s as it RUET
reaches its minimum altitude of 567 mi above the surface at point A. At
point B the spacecraft is observed to have an altitude of 5190 mi.
Determine (a) the magnitude of the velocity at point B, (b) the angle B.
At A: hA = v r = ( 6.5 )( 5280 ) ( 3960 mi + 567 mi )( 5280 ft/mi )
hA = 820.336 109 ft 2 /s
R = ( 3960 mi )( 5280 ft/mi ) = 20.9088 106 ft

1 1 GM
( TA + V A ) = v 2
m 2 r
2
1 ( 32.2 ) 20.9088 106
= ( 6.5 )( 5280 )
2
0
2 ( 3960 + 567 )( 5280 )
Parabolic orbit
1 1 GM
At B: (TB + VB ) = vB2 =0
m 2 rB
2
1 2 32.2 20.9088 106
vB =
2 ( 3960 + 5190 )( 5280 )
vB2 = 582.76 106; vB = 24140 ft/s
(a) vB = 4.57 mi/s !
hB = vB sin B rB = 820.336 109
820.336 109
sin B =
24140 ( 3960 + 5190 )( 5280 )
= 0.7034
(b) B = 44.7 !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A satellite describes an elliptic orbit of minimum altitude 377 mi above
the surface of the earth and semimajor axis 10,840 mi. Knowing that the
speed of the satellite at point C is 2.97 mi/s, apply the principles of
conservation of energy and conservation of angular momentum to
determine (a) the speed at point A, the perigee, (b) the semiminor axis b.
hA = v A rA , rA = 3960 mi + 377 mi = 4337 mi = 22.8994 106 ft

vC = ( 2.97 mi/s )( 5280 ft/mi ) = 15681.6 ft/s
R = ( 3960 )( 5280 ) = 20.9088 106 ft
hC = vC b = 15681.6 b = v A 22.8994 106 (1)
1 v2 GM
(TA + VA ) = A
m 2 22.8994 106
2
GM = 32.2 20.9088 106
v A2 GM
= (2)
2 22.8994 106
Two equations in two unknowns: v A , b.

Solve ;
v A = 31361 ft/s
b = 45.8 106 ft
(a) v A = 5.94 mi/s "
(b) b = 8670 mi "
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
When the lunar excursion module (LEM) was set adrift after returning
two of the Apollo astronauts to the command module, which was orbiting
the moon at an altitude of 87 mi, its speed was reduced to let it crash on
the moons surface. Determine (a) the smallest amount by which the
speed of the LEM should have been reduced to make sure that it would
crash on the moons surface, (b) the amount by which its speed should
have been reduced to cause it to hit the moons surface at a 45 angle.
(Hint: Point A is at the apogee of the elliptic crash trajectory. Recall also
that the mass of the moon is 0.0123 times the mass of the earth.)
rA = 1080 + 87 = 1167 mi = 6.1618 106 ft

rC = R = 1080 mi = 5.7024 106 ft
GM moon = 0.0123 GM E = 0.0123gRE2
= 0.0123 ( 32.2 )( 3960 5280 )

2
= 1.7315 1014 ft 3/s 2
GM moon
At 87 mi: vcirc = = 5301.0 ft/s
rA
(a) An elliptic trajectory between A and C, where the lem is just tangent
to the surface of the moon, will give the smallest reduction of speed
at A which will cause impact.
1 2 GM m m
TA = mv A VA = = 28.101 106 m
2 rA
1 2 GM mm
TC = mvC VC = = 30.364 106 m
2 rC
1 2
TA + VA = TC + VC : mv A 28.101 106 m
2
1 2
= mvC 30.364 106 m
2
v A2 = vC2 4.526 106 (1)
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Conservation of angular momentum: rAmv A = rC mvC

rA 6.1618
vC = vA = v A = 1.0806v A
rC 5.7024
v A2 = (1.0806v A ) 4.526 106 v A = 5195.1 ft/s

2
v A = ( v A )circ v A = 5343.9 5195.1 = 148.8
v A = 148.8 ft/s !
(b) Conservation of energy (A and B)
Since rB = rC conservation of energy is the same as between
A and C
Conservation of angular momentum:
rAmv A = rB mvB sin ; = 45
rA v A 6.1618 VA
vB = = = 1.5281v A
rB sin 45 5.7024 0.70711
From (1)
v A2 = (1.5281v A ) 4.526 106 v A = 1841.4 ft/s

2
v A = ( v A )circ v A = 5343.9 1841.4 = 3487.3
v A = 3503 ft/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A satellite is projected into space with a velocity v 0 at a distance r0 RUET
from the center of the earth by the last stage of its launching rocket. The
velocity v0 was designed to send the satellite into a circular orbit of
radius r0. However, owing to a malfunction of control, the satellite is not
projected horizontally but at an angle with the horizontal and, as a
result, is propelled into an elliptic orbit. Determine the maximum and
minimum values of the distance from the center of the earth to the
satellite.
For circular orbit of radius r0

GMm v02
F = man = m
r02 r0
GM
v02 =
r0
But v0 forms an angle with the intended circular path
For elliptic orbit
r0mv0 cos = rAmv A
r
v A = 0 cos v0 (1)
rA
1 2 GMm 1 2 GMm
mv0 = = mv A =
2 r0 2 rA
2GM r0
v02 v A2 = 1
r0 rA
Substitute for v A from (1)
r 2 2GM r0
v02 1 0 cos 2 = 1
rA r0 rA

2
GM r r
But v02 = thus 1 0 cos 2 = 2 1 0
r0 rA rA
2
2 r r
cos 0 2 0 + 1 = 0
rA rA
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
r0
Solving for
rA
r0 + 2 4 4 cos 2 1 sin
= 2
=
rA 2 cos 1 sin 2
rA =
(1 + sin )(1 sin ) r = (1 sin ) r0
0
1 sin
also valid for point A
Thus
rmax = (1 + sin ) r0 rmin = (1 sin ) r0 !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A space vehicle is in a circular orbit at an altitude of 362 km above the
earth. To return to earth, it decreases its speed as it passes through A by
firing its engine for a short interval of time in a direction opposite to the
direction of its motion. Knowing that the velocity of the space vehicle
should form an angle B = 60 with the vertical as it reaches point B at
an altitude of 64.4 km, determine (a) the required speed of the vehicle as
it leaves its circular orbit at A, (b) its speed at point B.
rA = 6370 km + 362 km = 6732 km
rA = 6.732 106 m
rB = 6370 km + 64.4 km = 6434.4 km
rB = 6.4344 106 m
R = 6370 km = 6.37 106 m
( )( )
2
GM = gR 2 = 9.81 m/s 2 6.37 106 m
GM = 398.06 109 m3/s 2

1 2 GMm 398.06 109 m
TA = mv A VA = = = 59.130 106 m
2 rA 6.732 106
1 2 GMm 398.06 109 m
TB = mvB VB = = = 61.86 106 m
2 rB 6.4344 106
1 1
TA + VA = TB + VB : mv A2 59.130 106 m = mvB2 61.86 106 m
2 2
v A2 = vB2 5.4609 106 (1)
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
rAmv A = rB mvB sin B
vB =
( rA ) vA =
6732 1
vB = 1.208v A
vA (2)
( rB )( sin B ) 6434.4 sin 60
Substitute vB from (2) in (1)
v A2 = (1.208v A ) 5.4609 106 ; v A2 (1.208 ) 1 = 5.4609 106

2 2

v A2 = 11.8905 106 m 2 /s 2
v A = 3.448 km/s
(a) v A = 3.45 km/s !
From (2) vB = 1.208v A = 1.208 ( 3.45 km/s ) = 4.1655 km/s
(b) vB = 4.17 km/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
In Prob. 13.112, the speed of the space vehicle was decreased as it passed RUET
through A by firing its engine in a direction opposite to the direction of
motion. An alternative strategy for taking the space vehicle out of its
circular orbit would be to turn it around so that its engine would point
away from the earth and then give it an incremental velocity vA toward
the center O of the earth. This would likely require a smaller expenditure
of energy when firing the engine at A, but might result in too fast a
descent at B. Assuming this strategy is used with only 50 percent of the
energy expenditure used in Prob. 13.112, determine the resulting values
of B and vB .
rA = 6370 km + 362 km
= 6732 km
rB = 6370 km + 64.4 km
= 6434.4 km
( )
2
GM = gR 2 = 9.81 m/s2 6.37 106 m
GM = 0.39806 1015 m3/s 2

Velocity in circular orbit at 362 km altitude
GMm
F =
rA2
m ( v A )circ
2
an =
rA2
Newtons second law
GMm m ( v A )circ
2
F = man =
rA2 rA
GM 0.39806 1015
( vA )circ = = = 7.69 103 m/s
rA 6.732 106
Energy expenditure
From Problem 13.112, v A = 3.448 103 m/s
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
1 1
m ( v A )circ mv A2
2
Energy, E112 =
2 2
1
( ) 1
( )
2 2
E112 = m 7.690 103 m 3.448 103
2 2
E112 = 23.624 106 m J
E113 = 0.50E112 =
( 23.624 10 m ) J 6
2
Thus, additional kinetic energy at A is,
1
m ( v A ) = E113 =
2 (
23.624 106 m ) (1)
2 2
Conservation of energy between A and B
1 GMm
m ( v A )circ + ( v A )
2 2
TA = VA =
2 rA
1 2 GMm
TB = mvB VB =
2 rB
TA + VA = TB + VB
23.624 106 m 0.3980 1015 m

1
( )
2
m 7.690 103 +
2 2 6.732 106
1 2 0.39806 1015 m
= mvB
2 6.434 106
vB2 = 59.136 106 + 23.624 106 118.26 106 + 123.74 106
vB2 = 88.240 106
vB = 9.39 km/s !
Conservation of angular momentum between A and B
rAm ( v A )circ = rB mvB sin B
r ( v A )circ
sin B = A =
(
( 6732 ) 7.690 10 = 0.8565
3
)
rB ( vB ) (
( 6434.4 ) 9.394 103 )
B = 58.9 !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Show that the values v A and vP of the speed of an earth satellite at the
apogee A and perigee P of an elliptic orbit are defined by the relations
2GM rP 2GM rA
v A2 = vP2 =
rA + rP rA rA + rP rP
where M is the mass of the earth, and rA and rP represent, respectively,
the maximum and minimum distances of the orbit to the center of the
earth.

rAmv A = rP mvP
rP
vA = vP (1)
rA
1 2 GMm 1 2 GMm
mvP = mv A (2)
2 rP 2 rA
Substituting for v A from (1) into (2)

2
2GM r 2GM
vP2 = P vP2
rP rA rA

2

1 rP vP2 = 2GM 1 1
rA rP rA

rA2 rP2 2 r rP
vP = 2GM A
rA2 rArP
With rA2 rP2 = ( rA rP )( rA + rP )
2GM rA
vP2 = (3) !
rA + rP rP
Exchanging subscripts P and A
2GM rP
v A2 = ( QED ) !
rA + rP rA
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Show that the total energy E of an earth satellite of mass m describing an
elliptic orbit is E = GMm / ( rA + rP ) , where M is the mass of the earth,
and rA and rP represent, respectively, the maximum and minimum
distances of the orbit to the center of the earth. (Recall that the
gravitational potential energy of a satellite was defined as being zero at an
infinite distance from the earth.)
See solution to Problem 13.113 (above) for derivation of Equation (3)
2GM rA
vP2 =
( rA + rP ) rP
Total energy at point P is
1 2 GMm
E = TP + VP = mvP
2 rP
1 2GMm rA GMm
=
2 ( rA + r0 ) rP rP
rA 1
= GMm
rP ( rA + rP ) rP
= GMm
( rA rA rP )
rP ( rA + rP )
GMm
E = "
rA + rP
Note: Recall that gravitational potential of a satellite is defined as being

zero at an infinite distance from the earth.
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A spacecraft of mass m describes a circular orbit of radius r1 around the
earth. (a) Show that the additional energy E which must be imparted to
the spacecraft to transfer it to a circular orbit of larger radius r2 is
GMm ( r2 r1 )
E =
2r1r2
where M is the mass of the earth. (b) Further show that if the transfer
from one circular orbit to the other circular orbit is executed by placing
the spacecraft on a transitional semielliptic path AB, the amounts of
energy E A and EB which must be imparted at A and B are,
respectively, proportional to r1 and r2 :
r2 r1
E A = E EB = E
r1 + r2 r1 + r2
(a) For a circular orbit of radius r

GMm v2
F = man : = m
r2 r
GM
v2 =
r
1 2 GMm 1 GMm
E = T +V = mv = (1)
2 r 2 r
Thus E required to pass from circular orbit of radius r1 to circular
orbit of radius r2 is
1 GMm 1 GMm
E = E1 E2 = +
2 r1 2 r2
GMm ( r2 r1 )
E = (2) (Q.E.D.)
2r1r2
(b) For an elliptic orbit we recall Equation (3) derived in
Problem 13.113 ( with vP = v1 )
2Gm r2
v12 =
( r1 + r2 ) r1
At point A: Initially spacecraft is in a circular orbit of radius r1
2 GM
vcirc =
r1
1 2 1 GM
Tcirc = mvcirc = m
2 2 r1
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
After the spacecraft engines are fired and it is placed on a

semi-elliptic path AB, we recall
2GM r
v12 = 2
( 1 2 ) r1
r + r
1 2 1 2GMr2
And T1 = mv1 = m
2 2 r1 ( r1 + r2 )
At point A, the increase in energy is

1 2GMr2 1 GM
E A = T1 Tcirc = m m
2 r1 ( r1 + r2 ) 2 r1
GMm ( 2r2 r1 r2 ) GMm ( r2 r1 )

E A = =
2r1 ( r1 + r2 ) 2r1 ( r1 + r2 )
r2 GMm ( r2 r1 )
E A =
r1 + r2 2r1r2
r2
Recall Equation (2): E A = E ( Q.E.D )
( r1 + r2 )
A similar derivation at point B yields,
r1
EB = E ( Q.E.D )
( 1 r2 )
r +
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
Using the answers obtained in Prob. 13.111, show that the intended
circular orbit and the resulting elliptic orbit intersect at the ends of the RUET
minor axis of the elliptic orbit.
If the point of intersection P0 of the circular and elliptic orbits is at an

end of the minor axis, then v0 is parallel to the major axis. This will be
the case only if + 90 = 0 , that is if cos 0 = sin we must
therefore prove that
cos 0 = sin (1)
We recall from Equation (12.39):
1 GM
= 2 + C cos (2)
r h
When = 0, r = rmin and rmin = r0 (1 sin )
1 GM
= 2 +C (3)
r0 (1 sin ) h
For = 180, r = rmax = r0 (1 + sin )
1 GM
= 2 C (4)
r0 (1 + sin ) h
Adding (3) and (4) and dividing by 2:

GM 1 1 1 1
= + =
h2 2r0 1 sin 1 + sin r0 cos 2
Subtracting (4) from (3) and dividing by 2:
1 1 1 1 2sin
C = =
2r0 1 sin 1 + sin 2r0 1 sin 2
sin
C =
r0 cos 2
GM
Substitute for and C into Equation (2)
h2
1 1
= (1 + sin cos ) (5)
r r0 cos 2
Letting r = r0 and = 0 in Equation (5), we have
cos 2 = 1 + sin cos 0
cos 2 1 sin 2
cos 0 = = = sin
sin sin
This proves the validity of Equation (1) and thus P0 is an end of the
minor axis of the elliptic orbit.
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A missile is fired from the ground with an initial velocity v0 forming an
angle 0 with the vertical. If the missile is to reach a maximum altitude
equal to R, where R is the radius of the earth, (a) show that the required
angle 0 is defined by the relation
2
vesc
sin 0 = (1 + ) 1
1 + v0
where vesc is the escape velocity, (b) determine the range of allowable
values of v0 .
(a) rA = R
Rmv0 sin 0 = rB mvB
rB = R + R = (1 + ) R
Rv0 sin 0 v sin 0
vB = = 0 (1)
(1 + ) R (1 + )
Conservation of Energy
1 2 GMm 1 2 GMm
TA + VA = TB + VB mv0 = mvB
2 R 2 (1 + ) R
2GMm 1 2GMm
v02 vB2 = 1 =
R 1+ R 1 +
Substitute for vB from (1)

sin 2 0 2GMm
v02 1 =

(1 + ) 2

R 1 +
2 2GM
From Equation (12.43): vesc =
R
sin 2 0 2
v02 1 = vesc

(1 + )
2
1 +
2
sin 2 0 v
= 1 esc (2)
(1 + )2 v0 1 +
2
vesc
sin 0 = (1 + ) 1 Q.E.D.
1 + v0
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
(b) Allowable values of v0 ( for which maximum altitude = R )
0 sin 2 0 1
For sin 0 = 0, from (2)

2
v
0 = 1 esc
v0 1 +

v0 = vesc
1+
For sin 0 = 1, from (2)
2
1 v
= 1 esc
(1 + )2 v0 1 +
2
vesc 1 1 1 + 2 + 2 1 2 +
= 1 + = =
v0 1+ (1 + ) 1+
1+
v0 = vesc
2+
1+
vesc v0 vesc !
1+ 2+
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A 3-lb particle is acted upon by a force F = ( 20sin 2t ) i + ( 24 cos 2t ) j,
where F is expressed in pounds and t in seconds. Determine the
magnitude and direction of the velocity of the particle at t = 6s knowing
that its velocity is zero at t = 0.
6
mv 0 + 0 Fdt = mv 6
3
0 + 0 ( 20sin 2t ) i + ( 24 cos 2t ) j dt =
6
v6
32.2
3
0 + [ 10 cos 2t i + 12sin 2t j]0 =
6
v6
32.2
10 [ cos12 cos 0] i + 12 [sin12 sin 0] j = 0.09317 v 6
1.5615i 6.4389 j = 0.09317 v 6
v 6 = [16.759i 69.109 j] ft/s
v6 = 71.1 ft/s !
76.4 !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 4-kg particle is acted upon by a force F = (4t 8)i 2j where F is
expressed in newtons and t in seconds. Knowing that the velocity of the
particle is zero at t = 0, determine its maximum speed in the interval
0 t 3 s.
0
Fdt = mv m v 0
t
( ( 4t 8) i 2 j) dt = 4v = ( 2t 8t ) i 2tj
2
( )
v = 0.5t 2 2t i 0.5 t j m/s
( )
2 2 2 2
v = ( speed ) = 0.5t 2 2t + ( 0.5t )
= 0.25t 4 2t 3 + 4t 2 + 0.25 t 2
= t 2 0.25t 2 2t + 4.25
d
dt
( )
speed 2 = 2 t 0.25 t 2 2 t + 4.25 + t 2 [ 0.5 t 2]
= t 3 6 t 2 + 8.5 t = 0
6 36 4 ( 8.5 )
Roots: t = 0, v = 0, t =
2
6 2
t= = 2.2929 s, 3.7071 s ( outside interval)
2
At t = 2.2929 s, v = 1.9571i 1.1464 j
v = 2.27 m/s, max "
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 440-kg sailboat with its occupants is running downwind at 12 km/h
when its spinnaker is raised to increase its speed. Determine the net force
provided by the spinnaker over the 10-s interval that it takes for the boat
to reach a speed of 18 km/h.
v1 = 12 km/h = 3.33 m/s t1 2 = 10 s
v2 = 18 km/h = 5.00 m/s
mv1 + impulse1 2 = mv2
m ( 333 m/s ) + FN (10 s ) = m ( 5.00 m/s )
FN =
( 440 kg )( 5.00 m/s 3.3333 m/s ) = 73.33 N
10 s
FN = 73.3 N !
Note: FN is the net force provided by the sails. The force on the sails is actually greater and includes the force
needed to overcome the water resistance of the hull.
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
The initial velocity of the block in position A is 9 m/s. Knowing that the
coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the plane is
k = 0.30, determine the time it takes for the block to reach B with zero
velocity, if (a) = 0, (b) = 20.
(a) = 0
Ft = kWt = k mgt
mv A k mgt = mvB
9 0.30 ( 9.81) t = 0
t = 3.06 s !
(b) = 20
Nt = Wtcos 20 = mgtcos 20
Ft = k Nt
mv A k mgcos 20t mgtsin 20 = 0
9 0.65 ( 9.81) cos 20 + 9.81sin 20 t = 0
9 9.81( 0.9528 ) t = 0
t = 0.963 s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
Steep safety ramps are built beside mountain highways to enable vehicles RUET
with defective brakes to stop. A 10-ton truck enters a 15 ramp at a high
speed v0 = 108 ft/s and travels for 6 s before its speed is reduced to
36 ft/s. Assuming constant deceleration, determine (a) the magnitude of
the braking force, (b) the additional time required for the truck to stop.
Neglect air resistance and rolling resistance.
W = 20, 000 lb
20, 000
m= = 621.118 lb s 2 ft
32.2
Momentum in the x direction
x: mv0 ( F + mg sin15 ) t = mv1
621.118 (108 ) ( F + mg sin15 ) 6 = ( 621.118 )( 36 )
F + mg sin15 = 7453.4
(a) F = 7453.4 20,000 sin15 = 2277 lb
F = 2280 lb !
(b) mv0 ( F + mg sin15 ) t = 0 t = total time
621.118 (108 ) 7453.4 t = 0; t = 9.00 s
Additional time = 9 6 = 3 s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 10-ton truck enters a 15 safety ramp at a high speed v0 and travels 540 ft
in 5.5 s before its speed is reduced to v0 /2 . Assuming constant
deceleration determine (a) the initial speed v0, (b) the magnitude of the
braking force. Neglect air resistance and rolling resistance.
W = 20, 000 lb
20, 000
m= = 621.118 lb s 2 ft
32.2
Momentum, x: mv0 ( F + mg sin15 ) t = mv1
v
621.118 ( v0 ) ( F + mg sin15 )( 5.5 ) = 621.118 0
2
310.559 v0 = ( F + mg sin15 )( 5.5 ) (1)
1 1
mv02 ( F + mg sin15) x = mv12
2 2
310.559 v02
310.559 v02 ( F + mg sin15)( 540) =
4
(
3 310.559 v02 ) = ( F + mg sin15)(540)
4
Using (1) eliminate ( F + mg sin15) :
310.559 v0 =
( )
3 310.559 v02 5.5

4 180
(a) v0 =
( 4 )( 540 ) = 130.909 ft s = 89.3 mi h !
3 ( 5.5 )
310.559 v0 ( 310.559 )(130.909 )

(b) ( F + mg sin15) = = = 7391.8
5.5 5.5
F = ( 7391.8 20000 sin15) = 2215 lb

F = 2220 lb !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
In anticipation of a long 6 upgrade, a bus driver accelerates at a
constant rate from 80 km/h to 100 km/h in 8 s while still on a level
section of the highway. Knowing that the speed of the bus is 100 km/h as
it begins to climb the grade at time t = 0 and that the driver does not
change the setting of the throttle or shift gears, determine (a) the speed of
the bus when t = 10 s, (b) the time when the speed is 60 km/h.
v2 = 100 km h = 27.777 m s
v1 = 80 km h = 22.222 m s

1000
0 F dt = F ( 8) = m ( v2 v1 ) = m (100 80 ) 3600
8
(a)

F = 0.69444 m on the level
on the up grade
x : 0 ( F mg sin 6) dt = m ( v10 27.777 )

10
0.69444 m (10) m ( 9.81) sin 6 (10) = m ( v10 27.777 )
(a) v10 27.777 = 3.3098, v10 = 24.468 m s

F = 0.69444 m
v10 = 88.1 km h !

1000
0 ( F mg sin 6 ) dt = m ( 60 100 ) 3600
t
(b)

0.69444 m m ( 9.81) sin 6 t = m ( 11.111)

t = 33.6 s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A 20-kg block is at rest on an incline when a constant horizontal force P RUET
is applied to it. The static and kinetic coefficients of friction between the
block and the incline are 0.4 and 0.3, respectively. Knowing that the
speed of the block is 15 m/s after 6 s, determine the magnitude of P.
W = (20)(9.81) = 196.2 N
Impulse diagonally (assume sliding)
x : [ P cos 20 196.2 sin 20 0.3 N ] ( 6) = 20 (15)
y : [ N 196.2 cos 20 P sin 20] ( 6) = 0
15
P cos 20 196.2 sin 20 0.3[196.2 cos 20 + P sin 20] = 20 = 50
6
P ( cos 20 0.3 sin 20 ) = 50 + 67.104 + 55.310
P = 205.97 N P = 206 N !
Check s
Static value 0.4 N = 0.4 (196.2 cos 20 + P sin 20 )
P cos 20 196.2 sin 20 0.4 N = 0
P ( cos 20 0.4 sin 20) = 196.2 sin 20 + 78.48 cos 20 = 140.85
Pstatic = 175.4 N < 206 N
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
The coefficients of friction between the load and the flatbed trailer shown
are s = 0.40 and k = 0.35. Knowing that the speed of the rig is
55 mi/h, determine the shortest time in which the rig can be brought to a
stop if the load is not to shift.
Use impulse momentum v1 = 55mi h = 80.667 ft s
x-Direction
m v1 s m gt = 0
v1 80.667 ft s
t= =
(
s g ( 0.4 ) 32.2 ft s 2 )
t = 6.26 s !
Since this is the shortest time the load can be brought to rest and the load does not slide it is also the shortest
time the rig can be brought to rest.
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
The 40-lb block is moving downward with a speed of 3 ft/s at t = 0 when
RUET
constant forces P and 2P are applied through the ropes. Knowing that the
block is moving upward with a speed of 2 ft/s when t = 4 s, determine
(a) the magnitude of P, (b) the time at which the speed is zero. Neglect
the effect of friction and the masses of the pulleys.
t =4
t = 0 F dt = m ( v2 v1 )
0 ( 5P 40 ) dt = ( 40 32.2 ) ( 2 ( 3) )
4
20P 40 ( 4 ) = ( 40 32.2 )( 5 )
(a) P = ( 6.2112 + 160 ) 20
P = 8.31 lb !
0 ( 5P 40 ) dt = ( 40 32.2 ) ( 0 ( 3) )
t
(b)
5 Pt 40 t = ( 40 32.2 )( 3)
t = 2.4 s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A tractor-trailer rig with a 2000-kg tractor, a 4500-kg trailer, and a
3600-kg trailer is traveling on a level road at 90 km/h. The brakes on the
rear trailer fail and the antiskid system of the tractor and front trailer
provide the largest possible force which will not cause the wheels to
slide. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction is 0.75, determine
(a) the shortest time for the rig to a come to a stop, (b) the force in the
coupling between the two trailers during that time. Assume that the force
exerted by the coupling on each of the two trailers is horizontal.
(a) Combined
v = 90 km h = 25 m s
W1 = ( 6500 )( 9.81) = 63765 N; W2 = ( 3600 )( 9.81) = 35316 N
N1 = W1; N 2 = W2 F = 0.75 N1
+

Impulse = 0 mv0
0.75 N1t = 10,100 kg ( 25 m s )

10,100 ( 25 )
t= = 5.2798 s t = 5.28 s !
( 0.75)( 63765)
(b) Second trailer alone
+

Impulse = C t = m2v
C ( 5.2798 ) = 3600 kg ( 25 m s )
C = 17046 N
C = 17.05 kN !
Compression
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A light train made of two cars travels at 72 km/h. The mass of car A is
18 Mg and the mass of car B is 13 Mg. When the brakes are suddenly
applied, a constant braking force of 19 kN is applied to each car.
Determine (a) the time required for the train to stop after the brakes are
applied, (b) the force in the coupling between the cars while the train is
slowing down.
(a) Entire train v1 = 72 km/h = 20 m/s
mA + mB = 18 + 13 = 31 Mg = 31 103 kg
( )
0 = (19000 N + 19000 N ) t1 2 + 31 103 kg ( 20 m/s )
t1 2 =
( 31 10 kg ) ( 20 m/s ) = 16.3158 s
3
38000 N
t1 2 = 16.32 s !
(b) Car A mA = 18 Mg = 18 103 kg; t1 2 = 16.32 s
0 = (19000 N ) + FC [16.32 s ] + (18000 kg )( 20 m/s )
FC = 3058.8 N
FC = 3.06 kN T !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
Solve Prob. 13.130, assuming that a constant braking force of 19 kN is
applied to car B but the brakes on car A are not applied.
(a) Entire train v1 = 72 km/h = 20 m/s
mA + mB = 18 + 13 = 31 Mg = 31000 kg
0 = (19000 N ) t1 2 + ( 31000 kg )( 20 m/s )
t1 2 = 32.63 s
t1 2 = 32.6 s !
(b) Car A
0 = FC t1 2 + mAv1; t1 2 = 32.63 s
FC =
(18000 kg )( 20 m/s ) = 11033 N
( 32.63 s )
FC = 11.03 kN T !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
The two blocks shown are released from rest at time t = 0. Neglecting the
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masses of the pulleys and the effect of friction in the pulleys and between
the blocks and the incline, determine (a) the velocity of block A at t = 0.5 s,
(b) the tension in the cable.
Constraint: v A = 3 vB
20
A: x 20 ( 0.5 ) sin 30 T ( 0.5 ) = vA
32.2
16 16 v A
B: x 3T ( 0.5 ) 16 ( 0.5 ) sin 30 = vB =
32.2 32.2 ( 3)
Substituting for T(0.5) from the equation for A into the equation for B
From A:
Impulse diagrams
T ( 0.5 ) = 5 0.62112 v A
0.4969 v A
15 1.8634 vA 4 =
3
2.029 v A = 11
vA = 5.4214
(a) v A = 5.42 ft/s 30 !
T ( 0.5 ) = 5 0.62112 ( 5.4214 )
T = 3.2653 lb
(b) T = 3.27 lb !
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072052
RUET
The coefficients of friction between the three blocks and the horizontal
surfaces are s = 0.25 and k = 0.20 . The weights of the blocks are
WA = WC = 20 lb, and WB = 10 lb. The velocities of blocks A and C at time
t = 0 are vA = 9 ft/s and vC = 15 ft/s, both to the right. Determine (a) the
velocity of each block at t = 0.5 s, (b) the tension in the cable.
l 3 ( xC x A ) + ( xC xB ) + ( d xB )
Constraint: 4 vC 2 vB 3 v A = 0 (1)
For v A , vB and vC +
At t = 0, 4 (15ft/s ) 2 vB 3 ( 9 ft/s ) = 0, vB = 16.5 ft/s
20 20 10
(2) 3Tt 4t =
32.2
( vA 9 ) (3) 4Tt 4t =
32.2
( vC 15) (4) 2Tt 2t =
32.2
( vB 16.5)
Given t = 0.5 s 4 Equations in T, vA, vB, vC
3 v A 2vB + 4 vC = 0 (1)
1.5 T 0.6211 v A = 3.5901 (2)
2T 0.6211 vC = 7.3168 (3)
T 0.31056 vB = 4.1242 (4)
From the solution of the above equations.
(a) v A = 6.07 ft/s "
vB = 13.7 ft/s "
vC = 11.4 ft/s "
(b) T = 0.1212 lb "
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Manik_ME
072052
The system shown is released from rest. Determine the time it takes for
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the velocity of A to reach 0.6 m/s. Neglect friction and the mass of the
pulleys.
Kinematics
Length of cable is constant.
L = 2X A + X B
dL
= 2v A + vB = 0
dt
vB = 2v A
( v A )2 = 0.6 m/s
Collar A
mA = 15 kg
( mAvA )1 + ( 2T )( t1 2 ) WAt1 2 = m ( v A )2
0 + 2T (15 9.81) t1 2 = (15 )( 0.6 )
(T 73.575 ) t1 2 = 4.5 (1)
Collar B
mB = 10 kg
( vB ) 2 = 2 ( v A )2 = 1.2 m/s
( mBvA )1 T ( t1 2 ) + WB ( t1 2 ) = ( mBvB )2
0 + (10 9.81) T ( t1 2 ) = 10 (1.2 ) (2)
Add Equation (1) and Equation (2) (eliminating T)
( 98.1 73.575) t1 2 = 4.5 + 12
16.5
t1 2 = = 0.673 s t = 0.673 s !
24.52
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Two packages are placed on an incline as shown. The coefficients of
friction are s = 0.30 and k = 0.25 between the incline and package A,
and s = 0.20 and k = 0.15 between the incline and package B. Knowing
that the packages are in contact when released, determine (a) the velocity
of each package after 3 s, (b) the force exerted by package A on package
B.
Lets find out if they slide assume they dont slide and find the required angle for impending motion
Fy = 0; N A mA g cos i = 0; N A = mA g cos i
Fx = 0; s N A mA g sin i = 0
s m A g cos i = m A g sin i
tan i = s = 0.3
so i = 16.7 so they slide
Assume they slide at the same velocity (remain in contact)

impulse momentum
x - dir
0 + ( mA g + mB g ) t sin ( kA N A + kB N B ) t = ( mA + mB ) v
(a) Solve for v
v=
( mA g + mB g ) t sin [ k A mA g cos + k B mB g cos ] t
m A + mB
( 6 + 9 )( 9.81)( 3) sin 20 ( 0.25)( 6 ) + 0.15 ( 9 ) 9.81 cos 20 ( 3)

=
6+9
v = 4.811 m/s v A = vB = 4.81 m/s !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
(b) Just look at AB
x 0 + mB gt sin FABt k N Bt = mBvB
mB gt sin k ( mB g cos ) t mBvB

So FAB =
t
=
( 9 )( 9.81)( 3) sin 20 0.15 ( 9 )( 9.81) cos 20 ( 3) ( 4.81)( 9 )
3
= 3.319 N
F AB = 3.32 N !
Since this is positive our assumption that the blocks stay in contact is correct
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 2-kg collar which can slide on a frictionless vertical rod is acted upon
by a force P which varies in magnitude as shown. Knowing that the collar
is initially at rest, determine its velocity at (a) t = 2 s, (b) t = 3 s.
The block does not move until P = 2 kg 9.81 m/s 2 = 19.62 N
From t = 0 to t = 2 s P = 20t
19.62
Thus, the block starts to move when t = = 0.981 s
20
(a) For 0 < t < 2s
P = 20t
t1 = 0.981 s t2 = 2 s, v1 = 0
mv1 + t 2 Pdt W ( t2 t1 ) = mv2

t
1
0 + 0.981 20t dt ( 2 9.81)( 2 0.981) = 2v2

2
1 20 N
( 2 s ) ( 0.981 s ) (19.62 N )( 2 s 0.981 s )
2 2
v2 =
2 kg 2 s
v2 = 5.1918 m/s
v2 = 5.19 m/s !
(b) From t = 2 s to t = 3 s
v2 = 5.19 m/s, from (a)

P = 40 N 2 s t 3s
t2 = 2 s t3 = 3 s
mv2 + t 3 Pdt W ( t3 t2 ) = mv3

t
2
2 ( 5.1918 ) + 2 40dt (19.62 )( 3 2 ) = 2v3

3
1
v3 = ( 5.1918 m/s ) + ( 20.38 N )(1 s )
( 2 kg )
v3 = 5.1918 + 10.19 = 15.3818 m/s
v3 = 15.38 m/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A 2-kg collar which can slide on a frictionless vertical rod is acted upon
by a force P which varies in magnitude as shown. Knowing that the collar
is initially at rest, determine (a) the maximum velocity of the collar,
(b) the time when the velocity is zero.
(a) Determine time at which collar starts to move.

P = 20t , 0 < t < 2 s
Collar moves when
P 19.62
P = 2 kg 9.81 m/s 2 , or t = = = 0.981 s
20 20
t t
mv1 + 0.981 Pdt 0.981Wdt = mv2
For t < 2s P = 20t ( N )
2s < t < 3s P = 40 N
t > 3s P=0
For t < 3s W = 2 kg 9.81 m/s 2

The maximum velocity occurs when the total impulse is maximum.
area ABCD = maximum impulse
1
= ( 20.38 N )(1.019 s ) + ( 20.38 N )(1 s )
2
area ABCD = 30.76 N s
0 + 30.76 N s = ( 2 kg ) vmax
vmax = 15.38 m/s !

(b) Velocity is zero when total impulse is zero at t + t.
For 0.981 s < t < 3 s, impulse = 19.62t ( N s )
Thus, total impulse = 0 = 30.76 19.62t

t = 1.57 s
Time to zero velocity t = 3 s + 1.57 s = 4.57 s !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 12-lb block which can slide on a frictionless inclined surface is acted
upon by a force P which varies in magnitude as shown. Knowing that the
block is initially at rest, determine (a) the velocity of the block at t = 5 s,
(b) the time at which the velocity of the block is zero.
(a)
P = 20 4t
t
mv1 W sin 30t + Pdt = mv2
0
0
5
12
12sin 30 ( 5 ) + ( 20 4t ) dt = v2
0 32.2
5
30 + 20t 2t 2 = 0.37267v2
0
v2 = 53.7 ft/s !
(b) After t = 5 s, P=0 v5 = 53.7 ft/s, t is time after 5 s
mv5 12sin 30t = 0
12
( 53.7 ) = 6t t = 3.34 s; t = 5 + t
32.2
t = 8.34 s !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A simplified model consisting of a single straight line is to be obtained
for the variation of pressure inside the 0.4-in.-diameter barrel of a rifle as
a 0.7-oz bullet is fired. Knowing that it takes 1.6 ms for the bullet to
travel the length of the barrel and that the velocity of the bullet upon exit
is 2100 ft/s, determine the value of p0.
p0
p = C1 C2t , where C1 = p0 , C2 =
1.6 103
0.70 oz
16 oz
m=
1 lb 0.04375
=
g g

A= ( 0.4 )2 = 0.12566 m 2
4
1.6103 0.04375 ( 2100 ft/s )

0.12566 0 ( C1 C2t ) dt = = 2.85326
(32.2 ft/s ) 2
1.6103
1 2
C1t C2t = 22.706
2 0
(1.6 10 s )
2
3
p0
1.6 10 3
s( p ) = 22.706
1.6 103 s
0
2
(1.6 10 s ) p
3
0
= 22.706
2
p0 = 28.383 lb/in 2
p0 = 28.4 ksi !
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072052
RUET
A player hits a 2-oz tennis ball with a horizontal initial velocity of 54 ft/s
at a height of 4.5 ft. The ball bounces at point A and rises to a maximum
height of 3 ft where the velocity is 30 ft/s. Knowing that the duration of
the impact is 0.004 s, determine the impulsive force exerted on the ball at
point A.
1
m = 2 oz (1 lb/16 oz ) 2
= 0.003882 lb s 2 /ft
32.2 ft/s
Conservation of energy (before impact)
1
2
1
(
m v12 + mgh1 = m v12 + v Ay
2
2
)
1
2
1
(
m ( 54) + m ( 32.2) ( 4.5) = m 542 + v Ay
2
2
2
)
v Ay = 17.0235 ft/s (Just before impact)
Conservation of energy (after impact)

1
2
( ) 1
m vAy2 + v22 = m ( v2 ) + mg h2
2
2
1 1
m vAy2 + ( 30) = m ( 30) + m ( 32.2)( 3)
2 2
2 2
vAy = 13.8996 ft/s (Just after impact)
x : 0.003882 ( 54) FH ( 0.004) = 0.003882 ( 30) , FH = 23.292 lb
y : 0.003882 (17.0235) + Fv ( 0.004) = 0.003882 (13.8996) , Fv = 30.011 lb
FI = impulsive force
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
FI = 38.0 lb 52.2 !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
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The triple jump is a track-and-field event in which an athlete gets a
running start and tries to leap as far as he can with a hop, step, and jump.
Shown in the figure is the initial hop of the athlete. Assuming that he
approaches the takeoff line from the left with a horizontal velocity of
30 ft/s, remains in contact with the ground for 0.18 s, and takes off at a
50 angle with a velocity of 36 ft/s, determine the vertical component of
the average impulsive force exerted by the ground on his foot. Give your
answer in terms of the weight W of the athlete.
v1 = 30 ft/s v2 = 36 ft/s t = 0.18 s
mv1 + ( P W ) t = mv2
Vertical components
W
0 + ( PV W ) ( 0.18 ) = ( 36sin 50)
g
PV W = 4.758 W
PV = 5.76 W !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 28-g steel-jacketed bullet is fired with a velocity of 650 m/s toward a
steel plate and ricochets along path CD with a velocity 500 m/s. Knowing
that the bullet leaves a 50-mm scratch on the surface of the plate and
assuming that it has an average speed of 600 m/s while in contact with the
plate, determine the magnitude and direction of the impulsive force
exerted by the plate on the bullet.
Use impulsemomentum for bullet

Knowns: m = 0.028 kg, v1 = 650 m/s, v2 = 500 m/s,
x-dir
mv1 cos 20 Fx t = mv2 cos10
So, Fx t = mv1 cos 20 mv2 cos10
= 0.028 ( 650) cos 20 0.028 ( 500) cos10 = 3.3151 N s
y -dir
mv1 sin 20+ Fy t = mv2 sin10
So, Fy t = mv2 sin10 + mv1 sin 20
= 0.028 ( 500 ) sin10 + 0.028 ( 650 ) sin 20 = 8.6558 N s
We need t. The average velocity is 600 m/s

x 0.05 m
x = vave t; t = = = 83.33 106 s
vave 600 m/s
So
3.3151
Fx = 6
= 39.78 kN
83.33 10
F = 111.2 kN !
Fy =
8.6558
= 103.87 kN
83.33 106
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072052
RUET
A 1.5-kg collar can slide on a horizontal rod which is free to rotate about
a vertical shaft. The collar is initially held at A by a cord attached to the
shaft. As the rod rotates at a rate = 18 rad/s, the cord is cut and the
collar moves out along the rod and strikes the stop at B without
rebounding. Neglecting friction and the mass of the rod, determine the
magnitude of the impulse of the force exerted by the stop on the collar.
m ( 0.15 ) (18) ( 0.15 ) = m ( 0.5 )&2 ( 0.5 )

&2 = 1.62 rad/s
1 1
2 2
(
m 0.15 (18) = m 0.5 (1.62) + R& 2
2 2
)

R& = 2.5756 m/s

Motion relative to the rod:
(1.5) ( 2.5756) F t = 0
F t = 3.86 N s !
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072052
RUET
A 45-g golf ball is hit with a golf club and leaves it with a velocity of
38 m/s. Assume that for 0 t t0 , where t0 is the duration of the
impact, the magnitude F of the force exerted on the ball can be expressed
as F = Fm sin ( t / t0 ) . Knowing that t 0 = 0.5 ms, determine the
maximum value Fm of the force exerted on the ball.
v2 = 38 m/s
t0
mv1 + 0 Fdt = mv2
0.5 103 t
0 + 0 Fm sin dt = ( 0.045 kg )( 38 m/s )
0.5 103
Fm = 5.37 kN !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
An estimate of the expected load on over-the-shoulder seat belts is made
before designing prototype belts that will be evaluated in automobile
crash tests. Assuming that an automobile traveling at 72 km/h is brought
to a stop in 110 ms, determine (a) the average impulsive force exerted by
a 100-kg man on the belt, (b) the maximum force Fm exerted on the belt
if the force-time diagram has the shape shown.
(a) Force on the belt is opposite to the direction shown.
v1 = 72 km/h = 20 m/s, m = 100 kg

mv1 Fdt = mv2 Fdt = Favet
(100 kg )( 20 m/s ) Fave ( 0.110 s ) = 0 t = 0.110 s
Fave =
(100 )( 20 ) = 18182 N
( 0.110 )
Fave = 18.18 kN !
(b) Impulse = area under F t diagram
1
= Fm ( 0.110 s )
2
From (a) Impulse = Fave t

= (18182 N )( 0.110 s )
1
Fm ( 0.110 ) = 18182 ( 0.110 )
2
Fm = 36.4 kN !
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072052
RUET
A 120-ton tugboat is moving at 6 ft/s with a slack towing cable attached
to a 100-ton barge which is at rest. The cable is being unwound from a
drum on the tugboat at a constant rate of 5.4 ft/s and that rate is
maintained after the cable becomes taut. Neglecting the resistance of the
water, determine (a) the velocity of the tugboat after the cable becomes
taut, (b) the impulse exerted on the barge as the cable becomes taut.
1
mB = (100) ( 2000) = 6211.18 lb s 2 /ft
32.2
1
mT = (120) ( 2000) = 7453.42 lb s 2 /ft
32.2
0 + F t = mB vB = ( 6211.18) vB
mT ( 6) F t = mT vT
( 7453.42 ) ( 6 ) F t = ( 7453.42 ) vT
constraint: vT /B = vT vB = 5.4 ft/s
Solving; 7453.42 ( 6 ) = ( 6211.18 ) [ vT 5.4] + 7453.42 vT
(13664.6) vT = 78260.9
vT = 5.7273 ft/s
(a) vT = 5.73 ft/s !
vB = 5.7273 ft/s 5.4 ft/s = 0.3273 ft/s
F t = mB vB = ( 6211.18) ( 0.3273) = 2032 lb s
(b) F t = 2030 lb s !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A 1-oz bullet is fired into an 8-lb wooden block and becomes embedded
in it. Knowing that the block and bullet then move up the smooth incline
for 1.2 s before they come to a stop, determine (a) the magnitude of the
initial velocity of the bullet, (b) the magnitude of the impulse of the force
exerted by the bullet on the block.
1 1 1 2
WB = lb = 0.0625 lb; mB = = 0.001941 lb s /ft
16 16 32.2
Wblock = 8 lb; mB = 0.248447 lb s 2/ft
Initial impact (Bullet + Block)
x : mB v0 cos 30+ 0 = ( mB + mblock ) v (1)
y : mB v0 sin 30+ F t = 0 (2)

After impact
x : ( mB + mblock ) v ( mB + mblock ) ( 32.2 ) (1.2 ) sin15 = 0
v gt sin15 = 10.001 ft/s
(WB + Wblock )
v
From (1) v0 = g = (8.0625) (10.001)
WB 0.0625cos 30
g cos 30

(a) v0 = 1489.7 ft/s v0 = 1490 ft/s !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
(b) Bullet alone
mB v0 = ( 0.001941) (1489.7 ) = 2.8915; mB v = ( 0.001941) (10.001) = 0.01941
x : mB v0 cos15 + Fx t = mB v cos15
y : mB v0 sin15 + Fy t = mB v sin15
Solve: Fx t = 2.7742
Fy t = 0.7534 F t = 2.87 lb s !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A 2-kg block A can slide without friction down a slot in a 10-kg block B
which can slide without friction on a horizontal surface. Both blocks are
at rest when block A is released in the position shown. Just before block A
reaches the end of the slot its speed relative to block B is 3.59 m/s.
Neglecting friction and knowing that the blocks stick together after block
A strikes the end of the slot, determine (a) the impulse exerted by block B
on block A, (b) the energy lost in the impact.
30
v A = v A/B + v B : v A = + vB
3.59 m/s
m A v Ax + mB vBx = 0 2 [3.59 cos 30 vB ] + 10 ( vB ) = 0
vB = 0.518 m/s Just before impact
After impact, v A = vB = 0
(a) F t = mA v A =
"
(b) Loss = T , just before impact =

1
2
( )
2 v A2 +
1
2
(
10 vB2 )
2
6.3038
+ 5 ( 0.51817 ) = 11.28 J "
2
T =
2
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Two swimmers A and B, of mass 75 kg and 50 kg, respectively, dive off
the end of a 200-kg boat. Each swimmer has a relative horizontal velocity
of 3 m/s when leaving the boat. If the boat is initially at rest, determine its
final velocity, assuming that (a) the two swimmers dive simultaneously,
(b) swimmer A dives first, (c) swimmer B dives first.
mA = 75 kg, mB = 50 kg, mC = 200 kg ( Boat )

(a) Swimmers dive simultaneously
mC vC
0 = mC vC + ( mA + mB ) v2 (1)
Relative velocity of swimmers with respect to the boat is 3 m/s

v2 vC = 3 m/s v2 = vC + 3
Substitute into (1)
0 = mC vC + ( m A + mB ) ( vC + 3)
Solve
3 ( mA + mB ) 3 ( 75 + 50)
vC = =
mA + mB + mC ( 75 + 50 + 200)
vC = 1.154 m/s !
(b) A dives first and then B
x-dir
0 = ( mC + mB ) vC2 mA v2 (2)
continued
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Relative velocity vC vC2 = 3 v2 = vC2 + 3

Substitute into (2)
( )
0 = ( mC + mB ) vC2 m A vC2 + 3
Solve for vC2
3mA
vC2 = (3)
mA + mB + mC
Now look at C and B.
x-dir. ( mC + mB ) vC2 = mC vC3 + mB v3 (4)
Relative velocity
v3 vC2 = 3 v3 = vC3 + 3
Substitute into (4)
( mC + mB ) vC2 = mC vC3 + mB ( vC2 + 3)

mC + mB 3mB
so vC3 = vC (5)
mC + mB 2 mC + mB
Substituting (3) into (5)

3m A 3mB
vC3 = (6)
m A + mB + mC mC + mB
with numbers
75 50
vC3 = 3 + = 1.2923
75 + 50 + 200 200 + 50
vC3 = 1.292 m/s !

(c) Swimmer B dives first solution is the same as for (b) except switch mA and mB
3mB 3m A
vC3 =
m A + mB + mC mC + m A
50 75
= 3 + = 1.280
75 + 50 + 200 200 + 75
vC3 = 1.280 m/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A 3-oz ball is projected from a height of 4.8 ft with a horizontal velocity
RUET
of 6 ft/s and bounces from a 14-oz smooth plate supported by springs.
Knowing that the height of the rebound is 1.8 ft, determine (a) the
velocity of the plate immediately after the impact, (b) the energy lost due
to the impact.
3 1
mball = = 0.005823
16 32.2
14 1
mplate = = 0.027174
16 32.2
v y = 2 g ( 4.8) = 17.582 ft/s vy = 2 g (1.8) = 10.7666 ft/s
(a) Conservation of momentum
mball v y + 0 = mball vy + mplate vplate

( 0.005823) (17.582) + 0 = ( 0.005823) (10.7666) + ( 0.027174) vplate

= 6.0747 ft/s
vplate = 6.07 ft/s
vplate !
(b) Energy loss

1
Initial energy (T + V )1 = ( 0.005823) ( 6)2 + ( 0.005823) g ( 4.8) = 1.0048
2
1 1
Final energy (T + V )2 = ( 0.005823) ( 6)2 + ( 0.005823) g (1.8) + ( 0.027174) ( 6.0747) 2
2 2
= 0.9437
Energy lost = (1.0048 0.9437 ) ft lb = 0.0611 ft lb !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
In order to test the resistance of a chain to impact, the chain is suspended
from a 120-kg rigid beam supported by two columns. A rod attached to
the last link is then hit by a 30-kg block dropped from a 2-m height.
Determine the initial impulse exerted on the chain and the energy
absorbed by the chain, assuming that the block does not rebound from the
rod and that the columns supporting the beam are (a) perfectly rigid,
(b) equivalent to two perfectly elastic springs.
Before impact
( )
T1 = 0, V1 = mgh = ( 30 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 2 m ) = 588.6 N
1 2
T2 = mv , V2 = 0
2
1
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 : 588.6 = ( 30 ) v 2 v = 6.2642 m/s
2
(a) Rigid columns
mv + F t = 0
30 ( 6.2642 ) = F t
F t = 187.93 N s on the block

F t = 187.9 N s !
All of the kinetic energy of the block is absorbed by the chain.
1
T = ( 30 )( 6.2642 )2 = 588.6 J
2
E = 589 J !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
(b) Elastic columns
Momentum of system of block and beam is conserved

m 30
mv = ( M + m ) v v = v= ( 6.2642 ) = 1.2528 m/s
m+M 150
Referring to figure in Part (a) mv + F t = mv
F t = m ( v v ) = 30 ( 6.2642 1.2528 ) = 150.34
F t = 150.3 N s !
1 2 1 30 120
E = mv mv2 = ( 6.2642 )2 (1.2528)2 (1.2528)2
2 2 2 2
= 565.06 94.170 = 470.89
E = 471J !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A small rivet connecting two pieces of sheet metal is being clinched by
hammering. Determine the impulse exerted on the rivet and the energy
absorbed by the rivet under each blow, knowing that the head of the
hammer has a mass of 750 g and that it strikes the rivet with a velocity of
6 m/s. Assume that the hammer does not rebound and that the anvil is
supported by springs and (a) has an infinite mass (rigid support), (b) has a
mass of 4 kg.
1 1
Before impact T = mH vH2 = (0.75) (6) 2 = 13.5 J
2 2
(a) For mA = , T2 = 0 So,
Energy absorbed = 13.5 J!
0
Impulse = mH (vH v2 ) = (0.75) (6) = 4.5 N s !
(b) mA = 4 kg
y-dir : mH vH = (m A + mH ) v2
mH vH (0.75) (6)
v2 = = = 0.9474 m/s
mA + mH (4 + 0.75)
1 1
So T2 = (mA + mH ) v22 = (4 + 0.75) (0.9474) 2 = 2.1316 J
2 2
Energy absorbed = T1 T2 = 13.5 2.1316
E = 11.37 J !
System = hammer
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
y-dir : mH vH F t = mH v2
So F t = mH (vH v2 )
= 0.75(6 0.9474)
= 3.79 F t = 3.79 N s !
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Manik_ME
072052
A baseball player catching a ball can soften the impact by pulling his
RUET
hand back. Assuming that a 5-oz ball reaches his glove at 96 mi/h and
that the player pulls his hand back during the impact at an average speed
of 25 ft/s over a distance of 8 in., bringing the ball to a stop, determine the
average impulsive force exerted on the players hand.
v = 96 mi/h = 140.8 ft/s
5
m= /g = 0.3125/g
16
8
d
t = = 12 = 0.02667 s
vAVE 25
0.3125
+ (140.8) FAVE ( 0.02667 ) = 0
g
FAVE = 51.2 lb !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 4-lb sphere A is connected to a fixed point O by an inextensible cord of
length 3.6 ft. The sphere is resting on a frictionless horizontal surface at a
distance of 1.5 ft from O when it is given a velocity v 0 in a direction
perpendicular to line OA. It moves freely until it reaches position A,
when the cord becomes taut. Determine the maximum allowable velocity
v 0 if the impulse of the force exerted on the cord is not to
exceed 0.8 lb s.
For the sphere at A immediately before and after the cord becomes taut
mv0 + F t = mv A
mv0 sin F t = 0 F t = 0.8 lb s
4
m=
g
4
( sin 65.38) v0 = 0.8
g
v0 = 7.08 ft/s !
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072052
RUET
Collars A and B, of the same mass m, are moving toward each other with
the velocities shown. Knowing that the coefficient of restitution between
the collars is 0 (plastic impact), show that after impact (a) the common
velocity of the collars is equal to half the difference in their speeds before
1
impact, (b) the loss in kinetic energy is m ( v A + vB ) .
2
4
(a)
Conservation of total momentum
mv A mvB = 2mv
1
v = ( v A vB ) !
2
(b) Energy loss
EL = TA + TB (TA + TB )
EL =
1
2
( 1
) (
m v A2 + vB2 m v2 + v2
2
)
From (a)
1
v = ( v A vB )
2
1 1 2
EL =
1
2
( )
m v A2 + vB2 m ( v A vB )
2 2
EL =
1
2
( 1
) (
m v A2 + vB2 m v A2 2v AvB + vB2
4
)
1 2 1 2
EL = m v A + 2v AvB + vB2 = m ( v A + vB ) !
4 4
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072052
RUET
Collars A and B, of the same mass m, are moving in the same direction
with v A > vB . Neglecting friction and knowing that the coefficient of
restitution is 0.5, determine (a) the velocity of each collar after impact,
(b) the energy loss during impact.
Before impact After impact

m v A + m vB = m vA + m vB (1)
vB vA = e (v A vB ) (2)
(v A vB ) 0.5 (v A vB )
From (1) and (2) solve for vA , vB vA =
2
(v A + vB ) + 0.5(v A vB )
vB =
2
(a) vA = (v A + 3vB ) / 4 !
vB = (3 v A + vB ) / 4 !
m 2 m 2
(b) Loss of energy = (v A + vB2 ) (vA + vB2 )
2 2
m 2 1 2 2
v A + vB 16 (v A + 6 v A vB + 9 vB + 9 v A + 6 v A vB + vB )
2 2 2
Loss of energy =
2
3m
Loss of energy = (v A vB ) 2 !
16
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Two steel blocks slide without friction on a horizontal surface;
immediately before impact their velocities are as shown. Knowing that
e = 0.75, determine (a) their velocities after impact, (b) the energy loss
during impact.
System = A + B
(a) x-dir
m A v A mB vB = m A vA + mB vB (1)
Unknowns vB , vA
Coefficient of restitution
vBr vAr = e (v Ar vBr )
For our problem
vB vA = e (v A + vB ) (2)
With numbers m A = 0.6; mB = 0.9; v A = 4 m/s; vB = 2 m/s
Solve 2 equations and 2 unknowns
vA = 2.3 m/s; vB = 2.2 m/s vA = 2.3 m/s !
vB = 2.2 m/s !
(b) Energy lost

1 1 1 1
T1 = m A v A2 + mB vB2 = (0.6) (4) 2 + (0.9) (2) 2 = 6.6 J
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
mA ( vA ) + mB ( vB ) = (0.6) (2.3) 2 + (0.9) (2.2) 2 = 3.765 J
2 2
T2 =
2 2 2 2
E = T1 T2 = 2.835J
E = 2.84 J !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
The velocities of two steel blocks before impact are as shown. If after
impact the velocity of block B is observed to be 2.5 m/s to the right,
determine the coefficient of restitution between the two blocks.
System = A + B
x-dir
m A v A mB vB = m A vA + mB vB (1)
Unknowns e, vA
vB vA = e (v A + vB ) (2)
Where, v A = 4 m/s; vB = 2 m/s; vB = 2.5 m/s

m A = 0.6 kg; mB = 0.9 kg
Solve 2 equations and 2 unknowns
vA = 2.75 m/s; e = 0.875
e = 0.875 !
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Manik_ME
072052
A 1.2-lb ball A is moving with a velocity v A when it is struck by a 2.4-lb
RUET
ball B which has a velocity v B of magnitude vB = 18 ft/s. Knowing that
the velocity of ball B is zero after impact and that the coefficient of
restitution is 0.8, determine the velocity of ball A (a) before impact,
(b) after impact.

mA v A + mB vB = mA vA + mB vB
1.2 2.4 1.2

= +0 gs cancel (1)
gv A g gvA
From restitution
vA
0.8 = , vA = 0.8 v A + 14.4 (2)
v A + 18
(a) Velocity of A before impact from equations (1) and (2)
1.2 v A 43.2 = 1.2(0.8 v A + 14.4) = 0.96 v A 17.28
2.16 v A = 25.92
v A = 12 ft/s !
(b) Velocity of A after impact
vA = 0.8(12) + 14.4
vA = 24 ft/s !
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Manik_ME
072052
A 1.2-lb ball A is moving with a velocity v A of magnitude v A = 24 ft/s
RUET
when it is struck by a 2.4-lb ball B which has a velocity v B . Knowing
that the velocity of ball A is zero after impact and that the coefficient of
restitution is 0.2, determine the velocity of ball B (a) before impact,
(b) after impact.

m A v A + mB vB = mA vB + mB vB gs cancel
1.2 2.4 2.4

(24 ft/s) vB = 0 + vB (1)
g g g
From restitution
vB
0.2 = , vB = 4.8 + 0.2vB (2)
24 + vB
(a) Velocity of B before impact from equations (1) and (2)
28.8 2.4vB = 2.4 (4.8 + 0.2vB ) = 11.52 + 0.48vB
2.88 vB = 17.28 vB = 6 ft/s !
(b) Velocity of B after impact
vB = 4.8 + 0.2 (6) vB = 6 ft/s !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Two disks sliding on a frictionless horizontal plane with opposite
velocities of the same magnitude v0 hit each other squarely. Disk A is
known to have a mass of 6 kg and is observed to have zero velocity after
impact. Determine (a) the mass of disk B, knowing that the coefficient of
restitution between the two disks is 0.5, (b) the range of possible values of
the mass of disk B if the coefficient of restitution between the two disks is
unknown.
(a) Total momentum conserved

mAv A + mBvB = mAvA + mBv
6
( 6 kg ) v0 + mB ( v0 ) = 0 + mBv v = v0 (1)
mB 1
Relative velocities
( vA vB ) e = vB vA v = 2v0e (2)
From equations (1) and (2)

6 6
2v0e = v0 2v0 ( 0.5 ) = v0
mB 1 mB 1
mB = 3 kg !
6
(b) Using 2v0e = v0
mB 1
6 6
Gives, 2e + 1 = mB =
mB 2e + 1
e = 0, mB = 6 kg
e = 1, mB = 2 kg
2 kg mB 6 kg !
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Manik_ME
072052
Three steel spheres of equal mass are suspended from the ceiling by cords RUET
of equal length which are spaced at a distance slightly greater than the
diameter of the spheres. After being pulled back and released, sphere A
hits sphere B, which then hits sphere C. Denoting by e the coefficient of
restitution between the spheres and by v 0 the velocity of A just before it
hits B, determine (a) the velocities of A and B immediately after the first
collision, (b) the velocities of B and C immediately after the second
collision. (c) Assuming now that n spheres are suspended from the ceiling
and that the first sphere is pulled back and released as described above,
determine the velocity of the last sphere after it is hit for the first time.
(d) Use the result of part c to obtain the velocity of the last sphere when
n = 8 and e = 0.9.
(a) First collision (between A and B)

The total momentum is conserved
mv A + mvB = mvA + mvB
v0 = vA + vB (1)
Relative velocities
( vA vB ) e = ( vB vA )
v0e = vB vA (2)
Solving equations (1) and (2) simultaneously
v0 (1 e )
vA = !
2
v0 (1 + e )
vB = !
2
(b) Second collision (Between B and C)
The total momentum is conserved.
mvB + mvC = mvB + mvC
Using the result from (a) for vB
v0 (1 + e )
+ 0 = vB + vC (3)
2
Relative velocities
( vB 0 ) e = vC vB
Substituting again for vB from (a)
(1 + e )
v0 ( e ) = vC vB (4)
2
continued
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Solving equations (3) and (4) simultaneously
1 v0 (1 + e ) (e)
vC = + v0 (1 + e )
2 2 2
2
v0 (1 + e )
vC = !
4
2
v (1 e )
vB = 0 !
4
(c) For n spheres
n Balls
n 1th collision
We note from the answer to part (b), with n = 3
2
v0 (1 + e )
vn = v3 = vC =
4
( 3 1)
v0 (1 + e )
or v3 =
2(
3 1)
Thus for n balls

( n 1)
v0 (1 + e )
vn = !
2(
n 1)
(d) For n = 8, e = 0.90

From the answer to part (c) with n = 8
(8 1) 7
v0 (1 + 0.9 ) v0 (1.9 )
vB = =
2(
8 1)
( 2 )7
v8 = 0.698v0 !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Packages in an automobile parts supply house are transported to the
loading dock by pushing them along a roller track with very little friction.
At the instant shown packages B and C are at rest and package A has a
velocity of 6 ft/s. Knowing that the coefficient of restitution between the
packages is 0.3, determine (a) the velocity of package C after A hits B and
B hits C, (b) the velocity of A after it hits B for the second time.
(a) Packages A and B
Total momentum conserved

mAv A + mBvB = mAvA + mBvB
16 16 8
( 6 ) = vA + vB 16vA + 8vB = 96
g g g
2vA + vB = 12 (1)
Relative velocities
( vA vB ) e = vB vA vB vA = 0.3 ( 6 ) = 1.8 (2)
Solving Equations (1) and (2) simultaneously

vA = 3.4 ft/s
vB = 5.2 ft/s
Packages B and C
mBvB + mC vC = mBvB + mC vC
8 8 12
( 5.2 ) = vB + vC 4vB + 6vC = 20.8 (3)
g g g
Relative velocities
( vB vC ) e = vC vB vC vB = 0.3 ( 5.2 ) = 1.56 (4)
continued
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Solving (3) and (4) simultaneously

vC = 2.70 ft/s !
vB = 1.144 ft/s
(b) Packages A and B (second time)
mAvA + mBvB = mAvA + mBvB
16 8 16 8
( 3.4 ) + (1.144 ) = vA + vB ; 2vA + vB = 7.944 (5)
g g g g
( vA vB ) e = vB vA
( 3.4 1.144 )( 0.3) = 0.6768 = vB vA; v A + vB = 0.6768 (6)

vA = 2.42 ft/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A 1.1-kg ball A is falling vertically with a velocity of magnitude vA = 2.5 m/s
when it is hit as shown by a 0.7-kg ball B which has a velocity of
magnitude vB = 2 m/s. Knowing that the coefficient of restitution between
the two balls is e = 0.75 and assuming no friction, determine the velocity
of each ball immediately after impact.
Impact
v An = 2.5 cos 40 = 1.915 m/s
v At = 2.5 sin 40 = 1.607 m/s
vBn = 2 m/s
vBt = 0
Impulse-momentum
Unknowns vAn , vBn , vAt , vBt

System A+B n-dir
mA v An + mBvBn = mAvAn + mBvBn (1)
vBn vAn = e ( v An vBn ) (2)
Solve (1) and (2) for vAn + vBn
vAn = 0.7493 m/s; vBn = 2.1870 m/s
System A t-dir
mA v At = m A vAt vAt = 1.607 m/s
continued
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
System B t-dir
mB vBt = mB vBt vBt = 0 m/s
Resolve into components
Ball A
vA = (0.7493) 2 + (1.607) 2 = 1.773 m/s
0.7493
= tan 1 = 25.0
1.607
= 40 25 = 15.0
So vA = 1.773 m/s !
Ball B
vB = 2.19 m/s !
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Two identical billiard balls can move freely on a horizontal table. Ball A
has a velocity v0 as shown and hits ball B, which is at rest, at a point C
defined by = 45. Knowing that the coefficient of restitution between
the two balls is e = 0.8 and assuming no friction, determine the velocity
of each ball after impact.
Ball A t-dir mv0 sin = mvAt vAt = v0 sin

Ball B t-dir
0 = mB vBt vBt = 0
Ball A + B n-dir
mv0 cos + 0 = m vAn + m vBn (1)
vAn = e (v An vBn )
vBn
vBn vAn = e (v0 cos 0) (2)

Solve (1) and (2)
1 e 1 + e
vAn = v0 cos ; vBn = v0 cos
2 2
With numbers
e = 0.8; = 45
vAt = v0 sin 45 = 0.707 v0
1 0.8
vAn = v0 cos 45 = 0.0707 v0
2
vBt = 0
1 + 0.8
vBn = v0 cos 45 = 0.6364 v0
2
continued
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
(A)
1
v" A = (0.707 v0 )2 + (0.0707v0 ) 2 2
= 0.711v0
0.0707
= tan 1 = 5.7106
0.707
So = 45 5.7106 = 39.3
(B)
vA = 0.711v0 "
vB = 0.636 v0 "
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Manik_ME
072052
A 17.5-lb sphere A of radius 4.5 in. moving with a velocity v 0 of
RUET
magnitude v0 = 6 ft/s strikes a 1.6-lb sphere B of radius 2 in. which was
at rest. Both spheres are hanging from identical light flexible cords.
Knowing that the coefficient of restitution is 0.8, determine the velocity
of each sphere immediately after impact.
Angle of impulse force from geometry
6
= cos 1 = 22.62
6.5

Ball A:
x : mAv A F t ( cos ) + 0 = mAvA (1)

Ball B:
F t = mBvB
Restitution ( v A = v0 )
continued
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Approach Separation
vB vA cos = e ( v0 cos ) ; vB = ( vA + ev0 ) cos
Using equations (1) and (2) x : mAv A = mBvB cos + mAvA
(17.5 /g )( 6 ft/s ) = (1.6 /g ) vB

6
+ (17.5 / g ) vA gs cancel
6.5
6 6 6
Substituting for vB ; 105 = 1.6 4.8 + vA + 17.5 vA
6.5 6.5 6.5
vA = 5.22 ft/s !
vB = 9.25 ft/s 22.6!
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
Solve Prob. 13.166, assuming that the flexible cords from which the
spheres are hanging are replaced by light rigid rods.
Angle of impulse force from geometry
6
= cos 1 = 22.62
6.5
Ball A:
x : mAv A F t ( cos ) + 0 = mAvA (1)
Ball B:
x : F t cos = mBvB (2)
Restitution ( vA v0 )
continued
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Approach Separation
vB cos vA cos = e ( v A cos ) ; vB vA = 4.8 (3)
Using Equations (1) and (2) x : mAv A = mBvB + m AvA
(17.5 /g )( 6 ) = (1.6 /g ) vB + (17.5 /g ) vA gs cancel
Substituting for vB from (3) 105 = 1.6 ( 4.8 + vA ) + 17.5 vA
vA = 5.10 ft/s !
vB = 9.90 ft/s !
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Manik_ME
072052
A 58-lb sphere A of radius 4.5 in. moving with a velocity of magnitude RUET
v0 = 6 ft/s strikes a 5.3-lb sphere B of radius 2 in. which is initially at
rest. All surfaces of contact are frictionless. Assuming perfectly elastic
impact (e = 1) and no friction, determine the velocity of each sphere
immediately after impact.
Angle of impulse force from geometry of A and B
6
= cos 1 = 22.62
6.5
Ball A:
Ball B:
Restitution
Approach Separation
6
vA cos ( + 22.6 ) + vB
v vAn 6.5
e = Bn e =1= (1)
v An vBn 6
6
6.5
A: mAv A sin = m AvA sin ( + 22.6 )
2.5
6 = vA sin ( + 22.6 ) (2)
6.5
continued
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A + B: m Av A = mAvA cos + mB vB
( 58 /g )( 6 ) = ( 58 /g ) vA cos + ( 5.3 /g ) vB gs cancel

Equations (1), (2), and (3) in vA , vB and
vA = 5.027 ft/s; vB = 10.838 ft/s; = 0.08218 rad = 4.71
vA = 5.03 ft/s 4.71 !
vB = 10.84 ft/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
(a) Show that when two identical spheres A and B with coefficient of
restitution e = 1 collide while moving with velocities v A and v B which
are perpendicular to each other they will rebound with velocities v'A and
v' B which are also perpendicular to each other. (b) To verify this
property, solve Sample Prob. 13.15, assuming e = 1, and determine the
angle formed by v'A and v' B .
(a)
mA = mB = m
Before After
t-Direction
Momentum of A is conserved.
mv A sin = m ( vA )t
( vA )t = v A sin
Momentum of B is conserved.
mvB cos = m ( vB )t
( vB )t = vB cos
n-Direction
Total momentum is conserved.
mv A cos mvB sin = m ( vA )n + m ( vB )n
( vA )n + ( vB )n = v A cos vB sin (1)
Relative velocities (coefficient of restitution)

e =1 ( vB )n ( vA )n = (1)( v A cos + vB sin ) (2)
Adding Equation (1) and (2)
( vB )n = v A cos
(1) (2) ( vA )n = vB sin
continued
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Thus, after impact
vA vA
tan = tan Thus = and vA vB !
vB vB
(b) Using the results from (a)
vA = ( vA )t2 + ( vA )2n = v A2 sin 2 + vB2 sin 2
vA = sin 30 ( 30 )2 + ( 40 )2 = 25 ft/s !
vB = ( vB )t2 + ( vB )2n = vB2 cos 2 + v A2 cos 2
vB = cos 30 ( 40 )2 + ( 30 )2 = 43.3 ft/s !
vA 30
= = tan 1 = tan 1 = 36.9
vB 40
= 180 ( + 90 ) = 90 !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
The coefficient of restitution is 0.9 between the two 60-mm-diameter
billiard balls A and B. Ball A is moving in the direction shown with a
velocity of 1 m/s when it strikes ball B, which is at rest. Knowing that
after impact B is moving in the x direction, determine (a) the angle ,
(b) the velocity of B after impact.
(a) Since vB is in the x-direction and (assuming no friction), the

common tangent between A and B at impact must be parallel to the
y-axis
250
Thus tan =
150 D
250
= tan 1 = 70.20
150 60
= 70.2 !
(b) Conservation of momentum in x(n) direction
mv A cos + m ( vB )n = m ( vA )n + mvB
(1) cos ( 70.20 ) + 0 = ( vA )n + vB

0.3387 = ( vA )n + ( vB ) (1)
Relative velocities in the n direction
e = 0.9 ( vA cos ( vB )n ) e = vB ( vA )n
( 0.3387 0 )( 0.9 ) = vB ( vA )n (2)
(1) + (2)
2vB = 0.3387 (1.9 ) vB = 0.322 m/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
In Prob. 13.170, determine (a) the velocity of ball A after impact, (b) the
fraction of the initial energy lost during impact.
Momentum: v A cos + 0 = v Ax + vB
Restitution: vB vAx = 0.9 v A cos
( v A cos vAx ) vAx = 0.9 v A cos
1
vAx = 0.1(1) cos 70.2 = 0.016936 m/s
2
vAy = (1) sin 70.2 = 0.94089, vB = 0.32178
(a) vA = 0.941 m/s !
(b) Fraction of Initial Energy loss = F. L.
1 1 1
m (1) m ( vB ) m ( vA )
2 2 2
2 2 2
F. L. =
1
m (1)
2
2
F. L. = 1 0.1035 0.8856 = 0.01090 !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A sphere rebounds as shown after striking an inclined plane with a
vertical velocity v 0 of magnitude v0 = 5 m/s. Knowing that = 30
and e = 0.8 between the sphere and the plane, determine the height h
reached by the sphere.
Rebound at A Conservation of momentum t-direction
mv0 sin 30 = m ( vA )t ( vA )t = 5sin 30
( vA )t = 2.5 m/s
Relative velocities in the n-direction
( v0 cos 30 0 ) e = 0 ( vA )n ( vA )n = ( 5cos 30 )( 0.8)
( vA )n = 3.464 m/s
Projectile motion between A and B

After rebound ( v x )0 = ( vA )t cos 30 + ( vA )n sin 30
= 2.5cos 30 + 3.464sin 30
( v x )0 = 3.897 m/s
( v y )0 = ( vA )t sin 30 + ( vA )n cos 30
= 2.5sin 30 + 3.464 cos 30
( v y )0 = 1.75 m/s
x-direction: x = ( vx )0 t = 3.897t , vx = ( vx )0 = 3.897 m/s
y-direction: y = vy( )0 t 12 gt 2 = 1.75t 4.905t 2

vy = vy( )0 gt = 1.75 9.81t
At B: v y = 0 = 1.75 9.81t A B t A B = 0.17839 s
y = h = vy ( )0 t A B 4.905t A2 B = 1.75 ( 0.17839) 4.905 ( 0.17839)2

h = 0.15609 m
h = 156.1 mm !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A boy releases a ball with an initial horizontal velocity at a height of
RUET
0.6 m. The ball bounces off the ground at point A, bounces off the wall at
point B, and hits the ground again at point C. Neglecting friction,
determine (a) the coefficient of restitution at point A, (b) the coefficient of
restitution at point B.
gt A2 9.81
x A = v0t A = 7.5 m, = 0.6 m, m/s 2 t A2 = 0.6 m t A = 0.34975 s
2 2
v0 = 21.444 m/s
(a) First bounce:
v0t B = 1.5 m, t B = 0.06995 s

9.81 m/s 2 2
0.12 m = eA ( 3.431 m ) t B tB
2
2
0.12 = eA ( 3.431)( 0.06995 ) ( 4.905 )( 0.06995 )
= 0.24 eA 0.024
eA = 0.600 !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
(b) Second bounce:
Before
After
vBy = 0.6 ( 3.431) 9.81t B

= 1.3724 m/s
eBv0 = eB ( 21.444 m/s )
yC = 0.12 + vBytC 4.905 tC2 = 0 = 0.12 + 1.3724 tC 4.905 tC2
tC = 0.3497 s
xC = 6.75 = eB v0 tC = eB ( 21.444 )( 0.3497 )
eB = 0.900 !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
Chapter 13, Problem 174. RUET
A girl throws a ball at an inclined wall from a height of 3 ft, hitting the
wall at A with a horizontal velocity v0 of magnitude 25 ft/s. Knowing
that the coefficient of restitution between the ball and the wall is 0.9 and
neglecting friction, determine the distance d from the foot of the wall to
the point B where the ball will hit the ground after bouncing off the wall.
Momentum in t direction is conserved

mv sin 30 = mvt
( 25)( sin 30) = vt

vt = 12.5 ft/s
Coefficient of restitution in n-direction
( v cos30) e = vn
( 25)( cos30 )( 0.9 ) = vn vn = 19.49 ft/s
Write v in terms of x and y components
( vx )0 = vn ( cos30 ) vt ( sin 30 ) = 19.49 ( cos30 ) 12.5 ( sin 30 )
= 10.63 ft/s
( vy )0 = vn ( sin 30) + vt ( cos30) = 19.49 ( sin 30) + 12.5 ( cos 30)

= 20.57 ft/s
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Projectile motion
t2
( )0
y = y0 + vy t
1 2
2
(
gt = 3 ft + ( 20.57 ft/s ) t 32.2 ft/s 2
2
)
At B, y = 0 = 3 + 20.57t B 16.1t B2 ; t B = 1.4098 s
xB = x0 + ( vx )0 t B = 0 + 10.63 (1.4098 ) ; xB = 14.986 ft
d = xB 3cos 60 = (14.986 ft ) ( 3 ft ) cot 60 = 13.254 ft
d = 13.25 ft !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A ball is thrown into a 90 corner with an initial velocity v. Denoting the
coefficient of restitution by e, show that the final velocity is of magnitude
ev and that the initial and final paths AB and CD are parallel.
Find x and y components of v
v = vx i v y j
After the first impact x component is multiplied by e and the y component is unchanged
v = evxi v y j
After rebound at C the y component is multiplied by e and the x component is unchanged
( )
v = e vxi + e v y j = e vxi v y j
so v = ev And the final velocity is parallel to the original velocity !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A 2.5-lb block B is moving with a velocity v 0 of magnitude v0 = 6 ft/s RUET
as it hits the 1.5-lb sphere A, which is at rest and hanging from a cord
attached at O. Knowing that k = 0.6 between the block and the
horizontal surface and e = 0.8 between the block and the sphere,
determine after impact (a) the maximum height h reached by the sphere,
(b) the distance x traveled by the block.
Velocities just after impact
Total momentum in the horizontal direction is conserved

1.5 2.5 1.5 2.5
mAv A + mBvB = mAvA + mBvB ; ( 0 ) + ( 6 ) = vA + vB
g g g g
15 = 1.5vA + 2.5vB (1)
Relative velocities
( vA vB ) e = vB vA : ( 0 6 )( 0.8) = vB vA vB vA = 4.8 (2)
vA = 6.75 ft/s vB = 1.95 ft/s
(a)
1
T1 = mAv A2 V1 = 0
2
2
1 (1.5 lb )( 6.75 ft/s )
T1 = = 1.06124
2 32.2 ft/s 2
continued
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
T2 = 0
V2 = mA gh = 1.5h
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 : 1.06124 = 1.5h
h = 0.70749 ft = 8.9899 in.
h = 8.49 in. !
(b) Work and energy
T2 = 0
1 1 2.5 2
T = mBvB 2 = (1.95 ) = 0.14761
2 2 g
U1 2 = F f x = kWB x = 0.6 ( 2.5 ) x = 1.5x
T1 + U1 2 = T2 : 0.14761 1.5x = 0
x = 0.0984 ft = 1.1808 in.
x = 1.181 in. !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
After having been pushed by an airline employee, an empty 80-lb luggage
carrier A hits with a velocity of 15 ft/s an identical carrier B containing a
30-lb suitcase equipped with rollers. The impact causes the suitcase to
roll into the left wall of carrier B. Knowing that the coefficient of
restitution between the two carriers is 0.80 and the coefficient of
restitution between the suitcase and the wall of the carrier is 0.30,
determine (a) the velocity of carrier B after the suitcase hits the wall for
the first time, (b) the total energy lost in the impact.
(a) Impact between A and B

80
m A = mB =
g
30
mC =
g
m Av A + mB vB = m AvA + mB vB vA + vB = 15 (1)
Relative velocities
( v A vB ) eAB = vB vA (15 0 )( 0.8 ) = vB vA : vB vA = 12 (2)
Solving (1) & (2) vB = 13.5 ft/s

Impact between B and C (after A hits B)
80 30 80 30
mB vB + mC vC = mB vB + mC vC : (13.5) + ( 0 ) = vB + vC
g g g g
1080 = 80vB + 30vC (3)
continued
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Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Relative velocities
( vB vC ) eBC = vC vB : (13.5 0 )( 0.3) = vC vB
4.05 = vC vB (4)
Solving (3) and (4) vB = 8.7136 ft/s vC = 12.7636 ft/s
vB = 8.71 ft/s !
(b) TL = (TB + TC ) (TB + TC)
1 1 80 lb
mB ( vB ) = 2 (
13.5 ft/s ) = 226.39 lb ft
2 2
TB =
2 2 32.2 ft/s
TC = 0
1 1 80 lb
mB ( vB ) = 2 (
8.7136 ft/s ) = 94.319 lb ft
2 2
TB =
2 2 32.2 ft/s
1 1 30 lb
mC ( vC ) = 2 (
12.764 ft/s ) = 75.894 lb ft
2 2
TC =
2 2 32.2 ft/s
TL = ( 226.39 + 0 ) ( 94.319 + 75.894 ) = 56.177
TL = 56.2 lb ft !
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Manik_ME
RUET
Two cars of the same mass run head-on into each other at C. After the
collision, the cars skid with their brakes locked and come to a stop in the
position shown in the lower part of the figure. Knowing that the speed of
car A just before impact was 5 km/h and that the coefficient of kinetic
friction between the pavement and the tires of both cars is 0.30, determine
(a) the speed of car B just before impact, (b) the effective coefficient of
restitution between the two cars.
(a)
Before After
mA = mB = m
5 km/h = 1.3889 m/s
Conservation of total momentum
mAv A + mBvB = mAvA + mBvB
1.3889 vB = vA vB vA + vB = vB 1.3889 (1)
Work and energy car A (after impact)
1
T1 = mAvA2
2
T2 = 0
U1 2 = F f ( 4 )
= k mA g ( 4 )
1
T1 + U1 2 = T2 ; mAvA2 4k mA g = 0
2
continued
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
( )
vA2 = 2 ( 4 m )( 0.3) 9.81 m/s 2 = 23.544 m 2 /s 2
vA = 4.852 m/s
Car B (after impact)
1
T1 = mBvB2 , T2 = 0
2
U1 2 = k mB g (1)
1
T1 + U1 2 = T2 : mBvB2 k mB g (1) = 0
2
( )
vB2 = 2 ( 0.3)(1 m ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 5.886 m 2 /s 2 ; vB = 2.426 m/s
From (1) vB = vA + vB + 1.3889 = 4.852 + 2.426 + 1.38
vB = 31.2 km/h !
(b) Relative velocities
( v A vB ) e = vB vA
( 1.3889 8.667 ) e = 2.426 4.852
( 10.0559 ) e = 2.426
e = 0.241 !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
Blocks A and B each have a mass of 0.4 kg and block C has a mass of
1.2 kg. The coefficient of friction between the blocks and the plane is
k = 0.30. Initially block A is moving at a speed v0 = 3 m/s and blocks
B and C are at rest (Fig. 1). After A strikes B and B strikes C, all three
blocks come to a stop in the positions shown (Fig. 2). Determine
(a) the coefficients of restitution between A and B and between B and C,
(b) the displacement x of block C.
(a) Work and energy

Velocity of A just before impact with B
T1 =
1
2
m Av02 T2 =
1
2
( )
m A v 2A
2
U1 2 = k m A g ( 0.3 m )
F f = k N = k mA g
T1 + U1 2 = T2 :
1
2
( 1
) ( )
( 0.4 kg )( 3 m/s )2 0.3 ( 0.4 kg ) 9.81 m/s2 ( 0.3 m ) = ( 0.4 kg ) vA2
2 2
(v )
2
A
2
= 7.2342 ( v A )2 = 2.6896 m/s
Velocity of A after impact with B ( vA )2
T2 =
1
2
( )
m A vA2
2
T3 = 0
U 2 3 = k mA g ( 0.075 m )
continued
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
T2 + U 2 3 = T3
1
2
( )
( 0.4 kg ) vA2 2
( )
0.3 ( 0.4 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.075 m ) = 0
( vA )2 = 0.6644 m/s
Conservation of momentum as A hits B
( v A )2 = 2.6896 m/s
( vA )2 = 0.6644 m/s
m A ( v A )2 + mB ( vB ) = mA ( vA )2 + mB ( vB ) m A = mB
2.6896 + 0 = 0.6644 + vB vB = 2.0252 m/s

Relative velocities (A and B)
( v A ) vB eAB = vB ( vA )
2 2
( 2.6896 0 ) eAB = 2.0252 0.6644 eAB = 0.506 !

Work and energy
Velocity of B just before impact with C
1 0.4
mB ( vB )2 = ( 2.0252 )2 = 0.8203
2
T2 =
2 2
1 0.4
mB ( vB )4 = ( vB )24
2
T4 =
2 2
U 2 4 = k mB g ( 0.30 ) = 0.35316
T1 + U 2 4 = T4 : 0.8203 0.35316 = 0.2 ( vB )4

2
( vB )4 = 1.5283 m/s
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Conservation of momentum as B hits C
mC = 1.2 kg, mB = 0.4 kg
mB ( vB )4 + mC vC = mB ( vB )4 + mC vC
0.4 (1.5283) + 0 = 0.4 ( vB )4 + 1.2vC
Velocity of B after B hits C, ( vB )4 = 0
With ( vB )4 = 0; 0.61132 = 1.2vC vC = 0.5094 m/s

Relative velocities (B and C)
( vB ) vC eBC = vC ( vB ) ; (1.5283 0 ) eBC = 0.5094 0
4 4
eBC = 0.333 !
(b) Work and energy Block C
T5 = 0
1
T4 = (1.2 )( 0.5094 )2 = 0.15569
2
U 4 5 = k mgx = 0.3 (1.2 )( 9.81) x = 3.5316 x
T4 + U 4 5 = T5 : 0.15569 3.5361x = 0 x = 0.044 m
x = 44.0 mm !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
An 8-kg cylinder C is released from rest in the position shown and drops
onto a 5-kg platform A which is at rest and is supported by an
inextensible cord attached to a 5-kg counterweight B. Knowing that the
coefficient of restitution between cylinder C and platform A is 0.8,
determine (a) the velocities of C and A immediately after the first impact,
(b) the impulse of the force exerted on platform A by the cord during the
first impact.
Conservation of energy before impact
( )
T + V = 0 + 8 kg 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.15 m ) =
1
2
(8 kg ) v02
v0 = 1.7155 m/s
Cylinder C: 8v0 F1 dt = vC

Platform A: 0 + F1 dt F2 dt = 5 vA
4 unknowns
Counterweight B: 0 + F2 dt = 5 vA
vA vC = 0.8 v0
Restitution:
Simultaneous solution 4 Equations and 4 unknowns
( a ) v0 = 0, vA = 1.372 m/s !
( b ) F2 dt = 6.86 N s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
An 8-kg cylinder C is released from rest in the position shown and drops RUET
onto a 5-kg platform A which is at rest and is supported by an
inextensible cord attached to a 5-kg counterweight B. Knowing that the
coefficient of restitution between cylinder C and platform A is 0.8 and
that the velocity of C is zero immediately after the first impact, determine
(a) the velocities of C and A immediately before the second impact,
(b) the velocities of C and A immediately after the second impact.
1 1
T1 = 2 (5 kg)(1.372 m/s) + 2 (5 kg)(1.372 m/s)
2 2

(a) A and B after the first impact T2 = (5)v22 + (5)v22
1 1
2 2

1 2
U = + Td Td = 0

v2 = v A
v A = 1.372 m/s !
d = v1 t = 1.372 t
C after the first impact
t2
d = 0 + 9.81 , t = 0.2798 s
2
At which time vC = 9.81t vC = 2.74 m/s !
(b) Second impact: (As before)
C: 8(2.7448) F1 dt = 8vC
A: 5(1.3724) + F1 dt F2 dt = 5v A
B: 5(1.3724) + F2 dt = 5vA
Restitution: v A vC = 0.8[2.7448 1.3724]

With 4 unknowns and four equations, solve for
v A = 2.47 m/s !
vC = 1.372 m/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A 0.6-lb collar A is released from rest, slides down a frictionless rod, and
RUET
strikes a 1.8-lb collar B which is at rest and supported by a spring of
constant 34 lb/ft. Knowing that the coefficient of restitution between the
two collars is 0.9, determine (a) the maximum distance collar A moves up
the rod after impact, (b) the maximum distance collar B moves down the
rod after impact.
Velocity of A just before impact, v0
v0 = 2 gh = ( )
2 32.2 ft/s 2 ( 3.6 ft ) sin 30
After impact
= 2 ( 32.2)( 3.6)( 0.5) = 10.7666 ft/s
Conservation of momentum
mAvB = mBvB mAv A
0.6 0.6
v0 = (1.8 g )vB vA (1)
g g
gs cancel
Restitution
( vA + vB ) = e ( v0 + 0) = 0.9 v0 (2)
Substituting for vB from (2) in (1)

0.6 v0 = 1.8(0.9 v0 v A ) 0.6 v A; 2.4 v A = 1.02 vB
(a) A moves up the distance d where,
1 1
mAv A2 = mA gd sin 30; (4.5758 ft/s)2 = (32.2 ft/s 2 ) d (0.5)
2 2
d A = 0.65025 ft = 7.80 m !
(b) Static deflection = x0 , B moves down

Conservation of energy (1) to (2)
Position (1) spring deflected, x0
kx0 = mB g sin 30
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
1
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 ; T1 = mBvB2 , T2 = 0
2
1 2
V1 = Ve + Vg = kx0 + mB gd B sin 30
2
x + dB
V2 = Ve + Vg = 0 0 kxdx =
1
2
(
k d B2 + 2d B x0 + x02 )
1 2
2
1
2
1
(
kx0 + mgd B sin 30 + mBvB2 = k d B2 + 2d B x0 + x02 + 0 + 0
2
)
1.8
kd B2 = mBvB2 ; 34 d B2 = (5.1141)2
32.2
d B = 0.20737 ft
d B = 2.49 in. !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 0.6-lb collar A is released from rest, slides down a frictionless rod, and
strikes a 1.8-lb collar B which is at rest and supported by a spring of
constant 34 lb/ft. Knowing that the velocity of collar A is zero
immediately after impact, determine (a) the coefficient of restitution
between the two collars, (b) the energy lost in the impact, (c) the
maximum distance collar B moves down the rod after impact.
Velocity of A just before impact, v0
v0 = 2 gh = ( )
2 32.2 ft/s 2 ( 3.6 ft ) sin 30
After impact v0 = 2(32.2)(3.6)(0.5) = 10.7666 ft/s

Conservation of momentum
0.6 1.8
mAv0 = mBvB mAv A ; v0 = vB (1)
g g
gs cancel
Restitution
( vA + vB ) = e ( v0 + 0 ) ; vB = ev0 (2)
0.6 0.6
From (1) vB = v0 = (10.7666 ft/s ) = 3.5889 ft/s
1.8 1.8
1
From (2) e = ( vB /v0 ) , e=
3
(a) e = 0.333 !
(b) Energy loss
1
Energy = mA g ( 3.6 ) sin 30 mBvB 2
2
1 1.8 2
= ( 0.6 lb )( 3.6 ft )( 0.5 ) ( 3.5889 ft/s )
2 32.2
= 1.08 0.36 = 0.72 ft lb
Loss = 0.720 ft lb !
(c) Static deflection = x0 , B moves down

Conservation of energy 1 to 2
Position 1-spring deflected, x0
kx0 = mB g sin 30
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
1
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 ; T1 = mBvB2 , T2 = 0
2
1 2
V1 = Ve + Vg = kx0 + mB gd B sin 30
2
x + dB
V2 = Ve + Vg = 0 0 kxdx =
1
2
(
k d B2 + 2d B x0 + x02 )
1 2
2
1
2
1
(
kx0 + mgd B sin 30 + mBvB2 = k d B2 + 2d B x0 + x02 + 0 + 0
2
)
1.8
kd B2 = mBvB2 ; 34 d B2 = (3.5889)2
32.2
d B = 0.1455 ft
d B = 1.746 in. !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
Ball B is hanging from an inextensible cord. An identical ball A is
released from rest when it is just touching the cord and drops through the
vertical distance hA = 200 mm before striking ball B. Assuming perfectly
elastic impact (e = 1) and no friction, determine the resulting maximum
vertical displacement hB of ball B.
Ball A falls 0 0
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 (Put datum at 2)
1 2
mgh = mv A v A = 2 gh
2
= (2)(9.81)(0.2) = 1.9809 m/s
Impact
r
= sin 1 = 30
2r
ImpulseMomentum
Unknowns vB , vAt , vAn

x-dir
0 + 0 = mBvB + m AvAn sin 30 + mAvAt cos 30 (1)
We need more equations
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
vBn vAn = e(v An vBn )
For our problem
vB sin 30 vAn = e(v A cos30 0) (2)
System = A
t-dir mA (v A sin 30) = mAvAt (3)
Solve 3 equations and 3 unknowns (maple) using mA = mB = m
vB = 1.3724 m/s
vAn = 1.029 m/s
vAt = 0.9905 m/s
Now lets look at B after impact. 0
0
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
1
m(vB )2 = mghB
2
(vB )2 (1.3724)2
So hB = =
2g (2)(9.81)
= 0.0960 m
hB = 96.0 mm !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A 2-kg sphere moving to the right with a velocity of 5 m/s strikes at A the RUET
surface of a 9-kg quarter cylinder which is initially at rest and in contact
with a spring of constant 20 kN/m. The spring is held by cables so that it
is initially compressed 50 mm. Neglecting friction and knowing that the
coefficient of restitution is 0.6, determine (a) the velocity of the sphere
immediately after impact, (b) the maximum compressive force in the
spring.
Momentum: mv1n + 0 = mv1n + Mv2 (0.7071)
(2 kg)(5 m/s)(0.7071) = 2 kg v1n + 9 kg v2 (0.7071)
Restitution: v2 (0.7071) v1n = 0.6 v1n = 0.6(5)(0.7071)
16 17
Solve for v2 = m/s, v1n = (0.7071)
11 11
v1n = 1.092801 m/s
"
(b) Conservation of energy cylinder + spring:

1 2 1 1
kx0 + M (v2 ) 2 = kx22
2 2 2
2
20, 000 1 16 20, 000 2
(0.05) 2 + (9) = x2 = 34.52
2 2 11 2
N
x2 = 0.05875 m, F = kx2 = 20,000 (0.0587 m) = 1175 N "
m
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 50-lb sphere A of radius 4.5 in. moving with a velocity of magnitude
v0 = 6 ft/s strikes a 4.6-lb sphere B of radius 2 in. which is hanging from
an inextensible cord and is initially at rest. Knowing that sphere B swings
to a maximum height h = 0.75 ft, determine the coefficient of restitution
between the two spheres.
6
= cos 1 = 22.62
6.5
Ball A:
Ball B:
(1)
Restitution
vB cos ( vA ) x cos + ( vA ) y sin

e= v A = v0 = 6 ft/s
v A cos
e=
vB ( vA ) x + ( vA ) y tan
=
vB ( vA ) x + ( vA ) y ( 256 )
vA 2
continued
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A: mAv A sin = mA ( vA ) x ( sin ) + mA ( vA ) y ( cos )
2.5 2.5
v A tan = (vA ) x tan + (vA ) y ; 6 = (vA ) x + (vA ) y
6 6
15 = 2.5 ( vA ) x + 6 ( vA ) y (2)
50 50 4.6
A + B : m Av A = mA ( vA ) x + mBvB ; (6 ft/s) = (vA ) x + vB (3)
g g g
gs cancel
From equation (1) vB = 2(32.2 ft/s 2 )(0.75 ft) = 6.9498 ft/s
From equation (3) (50)(6) = 50(vA ) x + 4.6(6.9498)
(vA ) x = 5.3606 ft/s
From equation (2) 15 = 2.5(5.3606) + 6(vA ) y
(vA ) y = 0.2664 ft/s
2.5
6.9498 5.3606 + 0.2664
e= 6 = 0.2834
6
e = 0.283 !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A 20-lb sphere A of radius 4.5 in. moving with a velocity of magnitude RUET
v0 = 6 ft/s strikes a 2-lb sphere B of radius 2 in. which is hanging from an
inextensible cord and is initially at rest. Sphere B swings to a maximum
height h after the impact. Determine the range of values of h for values of
the coefficient of restitution e between zero and one.
6
= cos 1 = 22.62
6.5
Momentum consideration
Ball A:
Ball B:
mBvB = mB 2 gh (1)
Restitution
Approach Separation
vB cos ( vA ) x cos + ( vA ) y sin

e= v A = v0 = 6 ft/s
v A cos
e=
vB ( vA ) x + ( vA ) y tan
=
vB ( vA ) x + ( vA ) y ( 2.56 )
vA 6
continued
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A: mAv A sin = m A ( vA ) x ( sin ) + mA ( vA ) y ( cos )
2 2
v A tan = (vA ) x tan + (vA ) y ; 6 = (vA ) x + (vA ) y
6 6
12 = 2.5 ( vA ) x + 6 ( vA ) y (2)
20 20 2
A + B : mAv A = mA ( vA ) x + mBvB ; (6) = (vA ) x + vB
g g g
vB
6 = (vA ) x + (3)
10
From the equation for e
2.5
e = 0; vB (vA ) x + (vA ) y =0 (4)
6
2.5
e = 1; vB (vA ) x + (vA ) y =6 (5)
6
Simultaneous solution of equations (2), (3) and (4) for e = 0 and equations (2), (3) and (5) for e = 1 yields
e = 0 : (vA ) x = 5.463 ft/s, (vA ) y = 0.224 ft/s, vB = 5.370 ft/s
e =1: (vA ) x = 4.926 ft/s, (vA ) y = 0.4475 ft/s, vB = 10.740 ft/s
(vB )2
h= = 0.4478 ft, 1.791 ft
2(32.2)
5.37 in. h 21.5 in. !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 340-g ball B is hanging from an inextensible cord attached to a support
C. A 170-g ball A strikes B with a velocity v0 of magnitude 1.5 m/s at an
angle of 60 with the vertical. Assuming perfectly elastic impact ( e = 1 )
and no friction, determine the height h reached by ball B.
Ball A alone
Momentum in t-direction conserved
mA ( v A )t = mA ( vA )t
( vA )t = 0 = ( vA )t
Thus ( vA )n = vA 60
Total momentum in the x-direction is conserved.
mAv A sin 60 + mB ( vB ) x = mA ( vA ) sin 60 + mBvB
v A = v0 = 1.5 m/s ( vB ) x =0
0.17 (1.5 )( sin 60 ) + 0 = ( 0.17 )( vA )( sin 60 ) + ( 0.34 ) vB
0.2208 = 0.1472vA + 0.34vB (1)

Relative velocity in the n-direction
v A ( vB ) e = vB cos30 vA;
n
( 1.5 0 )(1) = 0.866vB vA (2)

vB = 0.9446 m/s, vA = 0.6820 m/s
Conservation of energy ball B
1 2
T1 = mB ( vB )
2
1 WB
T1 = ( 3.0232 )2 T2 = 0
2 g
continued
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
V1 = 0 V2 = WB h
1 WB
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 ; ( 0.9446 )2 = 0 + WB h;
2 g
h=
( 0.9446 )2 = 0.0455 m
( 2 )( 9.81)
h = 45.5 mm !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A 2-kg sphere A strikes the frictionless inclined surface of a 6-kg wedge
B at a 90 angle with a velocity of magnitude 4 m/s. The wedge can roll
freely on the ground and is initially at rest. Knowing that the coefficient
of restitution between the wedge and the sphere is 0.50 and that the
inclined surface of the wedge forms an angle = 40 with the
horizontal, determine (a) the velocities of the sphere and of the wedge
immediately after impact, (b) the energy lost due to the impact.
(a) Momentum of the sphere A alone is conserved in the t-direction.

mA ( v A )t = mA ( vA )t ( vA )t =0
( vA )t =0 ( vA )n = vA 50
Total momentum is conserved in the x-direction.

mAv A cos 50 + mBvB = mA ( vA ) cos 50 + mBvB
vB = 0 v A = 4 m/s
2 ( 4 ) cos 50 + 0 = 2 ( vA ) cos 50 + 6vB
5.1423 = 1.2855vA + 6vB (1)

( vA vB ) e = ( vB cos 50 + vA ) ; vB = 0, v A = 4 m/s
4 ( 0.5) = 0.6428vB + vA; 2 = 0.6428vB + vA (2)
Solving Equation (1) and Equation (2) simultaneously

vA = 1.2736 m/s; vB = 1.1299 m/s
vA = 1.274 m/s 50 !
vB = 1.130 m/s !
1 1
mAv A2 mA ( vA ) + mB ( vB )
2 2
(b) T lost =
2 2
1 2 2
= ( 2 kg )( 4 m/s ) ( 2 kg )(1.274 m/s )
2
( 6 kg )(1.130 m/s ) = 10.546 J
2

Tlost = 10.55 J !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
Skid marks on a drag race track indicate that the rear (drive) wheels of a
car skid for the first 18 m and roll with slipping impending during the
remaining 382 m. The front wheels of the car are just off the ground for
the first 18 m, and for the remainder of the race 75 percent of the weight
of the car is on the rear wheels. Knowing that the speed of the car is
58 km/h at the end of the first 18 m and that the coefficient of kinetic
friction is 80 percent of the coefficient of static friction, determine the
speed of the car at the end of the 400-m track. Ignore air resistance and
rolling resistance.
First 18 m: Since all the cars weight is on the rear wheels which skid, the
force on the car is
F = k N = ( k )W
1 hr
v18 = ( 58 km/h )(1000 m/km )
3600 s
= 16.1 m/s
1 1 W 2 W
T1 = 0 T2 = 2
mv18 = (16.1 m/s ) = (129.6 )
2 2 g g
U1 2 = ( F )(18 m ) = k (W )(18 m )
T1 + U1 2 = T2
W
0 + 18kW = (129.6 )
g
129.6
k = = 0.73395
(18)( 9.81)
For 400 m: Force moving the car is for the first 18 m,
F1 = ( k ) (W ) = ( 0.73395 )W
For the remaining 382 m, with 75% of weight on rear drive wheels and
impending sliding,
F2 = ( s ) ( 0.75 )W s = k ( 0.80 ) = ( 0.73395)( 0.80 ) = 0.91744
F2 = ( 0.91744 )( 0.75 )(W ) = 0.68808

1 W 2
T1 = 0 T2 = ( v400 )
2 g
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
U1 2 = F1 (18 m ) + F2 ( 382 m )
= ( 0.73395 )(W )(18 m ) + ( 0.68808 )(W )( 328 m )
= 13.21W + 262.8W = 276.01W
1 W 2
T1 + U1 2 = T2 0 + 276.01W = ( v400 )
2 g
2
v 400 ( )
= ( 2 g ) 276.01 = ( 2 ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 276.01)
2
v400 = 5415.3 v400 = 73.6 m/s
v400 = 265 km/h !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A 3-kg collar C slides on a frictionless vertical rod. It is pushed
RUET
up into the position shown, compressing the upper spring by 50
mm and released. Determine (a) the maximum deflection of the
lower spring, (b) the maximum velocity of the collar.
(a) Spring constants 3 N/mm = 3000 N/m

2 N/mm = 2000 N/m
Max deflection at 2 when velocity of C = 0
v1 = 0, T1 = 0, v2 = 0, T2 = 0
U1 2 = U e + U g
U1 2 = 0
0.05
( Fe )1 dx 0ym ( Fe )2 dx + WC ( 0.15 + ym )
( 3000 N/m ) ( 2000 N/m )
U1 2 = ( 0.05 m )2 ( ym ) 2
2 2
( )
+ ( 3 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ( 0.15 + ym )
= 3.750 1000 ( ym ) + 4.4145 + 29.43 ( ym )

2
T1 + U1 2 = T2 : 0 1000 ( ym ) + 29.43 ( ym ) + 8.1645 = 0

2
ym = 0.10626 m ym = 106.3 mm !
(b) Maximum velocity occurs as the lower spring is compressed a
distance y
1 1
T1 = 0; T2 = mC v 2 = ( 3 kg ) v 2 = (1.5 ) v 2
2 2
0 (1000)( y ) + 29.43 ( y ) + 8.1645 = (1.5) v 2
2
T1 + U1 2 = T2 ;
Substitute y = 0.014715 m
dv 2
=0 2000 ( y ) + 29.43 = 0; y = 0.014715 m
dy
0.21653 + 0.43306 + 8.1645 = 1.5v 2
v 2 = 5.5873 m/s v = 2.36 m/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A small block slides at a speed v = 3 m/s on a horizontal surface at a RUET
height h = 1 m above the ground. Determine (a) the angle at which it
will leave the cylindrical surface BCD, (b) the distance x at which it will
hit the ground. Neglect friction and air resistance.
(a)
Block leaves surface at C when the normal force N = 0

mg cos = man
vC2
g cos = (1)
h
vC2 = gh cos = gy
Work-energy principle
1 2
TB = mvC U B C = W ( h y ) = mg ( h yC )
2
TB + U B C = TC
1 2
Use Equation (1) 4.5m + mg ( h y ) = mvC
2
1
4.5 + g ( h y ) = gyC (2)
2
3
4.5 + gh = gyC
2
yC =
( 4.5 + gh )
3
g
2
y =
( 4.5 + (9.81)(1) ) 2
3
( 9.81)
2
y = 0.97248 m (3)
continued
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
yC 0.97248
yC = h cos cos = = = 0.97248
h 1m
= cos 1 0.97248 = 13.473 = 13.47 !

(b)
From Equations (1) and (3)
vC = gy = 9.81( 0.97248 ) = 3.0887 m/s
At C; ( vC ) x = vC cos = 3.0887 cos13.47
= 3.0037 m/s
( vC ) y = vC sin = 3.0887 sin13.47
= 0.71947 m/s
1 2 1
y = yC + ( vC ) y t gt = 0.97248 0.71947t ( 9.81) t 2
2 2
At E: yE = 0: 4.905t 2 + 0.7194t 0.97248 = 0

t = 0.37793 s
At E: x = h cos + ( vC ) x t = 1( sin13.47 ) + 3.0037 ( 0.37793)
= 0.23294 + 1.3519 = 1.3681 m

x = 1.368 m !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
The system shown is in equilibrium when = 0. Knowing that initially
= 90 and that block C is given a slight nudge when the system is in
that position, determine the velocity of the block as it passes through the
equilibrium position = 0. Neglect the mass of the rod.
Find unstretched length of the spring

0.3
= tan 1 = 71.565
0.1
LBD = ( 0.3)2 + ( 0.1)2 = 0.3162 m
= length at equilibrium
Equilibrium: M A = 0.1Fs sin 0.6 (10 g ) = 0
Fs = 63.25 g
Fs = k LBD : 63.25 g = ( 8000 N/m )( LBD ) LBD = 0.07756 m
Unstretched length L0 = LBD LBD = 0.3162 0.07756
= 0.23864 m
when = 90
Spring elongation, LBD
= ( 0.3 m + 0.1 m ) L0 = 0.4 0.23864

LBD
= 0.16136 m
At 1 = 90 V1 = 0, T1 = 0
V1 = (V1 )e + (V1 ) g
1 8000
(V1 )e = k ( LBD
) =
2
( 0.16136 )2
2 2
= 104.15 N m
continued
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
(V1 ) g = 10g ( 0.6 ) = 58.86 N m
V1 = 104.15 58.86 = 45.29 N m
1 8000
At 2 =0 (V2 )e = k ( LBD ) =
2
N/m ( 0.07756 m )
2
2 2
= 24.06 N m
1 2 10 kg 2 2
T2 = mv2 = v2 = 5v2
2 2
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 : 0 + 45.29 = 5v22 + 24.06
v22 = 4.246 v2 = 2.06 m/s "
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
A spacecraft is describing an elliptic orbit of minimum altitude
hA = 1500 mi and maximum altitude hB = 6000 mi above the surface
of the earth. Determine the speed of the spacecraft at A.
rA = 3960 + 1500 = 5460 mi = 28.829 106 ft
rB = 3960 + 6000 = 9960 mi = 52.589 106 ft
Conservation of momentum rAmv A = rB mvB
r 28.829
vB = A v A = v A = 0.54819v A (1)
rB 52.589
1 2 GMm 1 2 GMm
TA = mv A , VA = , TB = mvB , VB =
2 rA 2 rB
( )
GM = gR 2 = 32.2 ft/s 2 ( 3960 mi 5280 ft/mi )
2
= 140.77 1014 ft 3/s 2
140.77 1014 m
VA = = 488.29 106 m
28.829 106
140.77 1014 m
VB = = 267.68 106 m
52.589 106
1 2
TA + TB = TB + VB : mv A 488.29 106 m
2
1 2
= mvB 267.68 106 m
2
1 2 1
v A 220.61 106 = vB2
2 2
1 2 1 2
Using (1) v A 220.61 106 = ( 0.54819v A )
2 2
0.34974v A2 = 220.61 106
v A = 25115.39
v A = 25.1 103 ft/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A truck is traveling on a level road at a speed of 60 mi/h when its brakes
are applied to slow it down to 20 mi/h. An antiskid braking system limits
the braking force to a value at which the wheels of the truck are just about
to slide. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between the road
and the wheels is 0.65, determine the shortest time needed for the truck to
slow down.
Ft = s Nt = s mgt
v1 = 60 mi/h = 88 ft/s v2 = 20 mi/h = 29.333 ft/s
mv1 s mgt = mv2 s = 0.65
88 0.65 ( 32.2 ) t = 29.333 t = 2.803
t = 2.80 s !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
The last segment of the triple jump track-and-field event is the jump, in RUET
which the athlete makes a final leap, landing in a sand-filled pit.
Assuming that the velocity of an 84-kg athlete just before landing is
9.14 m/s at an angle of 35 with the horizontal and that the athlete comes
to a complete stop in 0.22 s after landing, determine the horizontal
component of the average impulsive force exerted on his feet during
landing.
t = 0.22
mv1 + ( P W ) t = mv2
Horizontal components
84 ( 9.14cos 35 ) PH ( 0.22 ) = 0
PH = 2858.69 kg m/s 2
PH = 2.86 kN !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
At an intersection car B was traveling south and car A was traveling 30
north of east when they slammed into each other. Upon investigation it
was found that after the crash the two cars got stuck and skidded off at an
angle of 10 north of east. Each driver claimed that he was going at the
speed limit of 30 mi/h and that he tried to slow down but couldnt avoid
the crash because the other driver was going a lot faster. Knowing that the
weights of cars A and B were 3600 lb and 2800 lb, respectively,
determine (a) which car was going faster, (b) the speed of the faster of the
two cars if the slower car was traveling at the speed limit.
(a) Total momentum of the two cars is conserved.
mv, x : mAv A cos 30 = ( mA + m A ) v cos10 (1)
mv, y : m Av A sin 30 mB vB = ( m A + mB ) v sin10 (2)
Dividing (1) into (2)

sin 30 mBvB sin10
=
cos 30 m Av A cos 30 cos10
vB
=
( tan 30 tan10)( mA cos 30 )
vA mB
vB m 3600 2800
= 0.3473 A mA = mB =
vA mB g g
mA 3600
= = 1.2857
mB 2800
vB = ( 0.3473)(1.2857 ) = 0.4465v A
Car A was going faster !

(b) Since B was the slower car, vB = 30 mi/h
v A = 2.2396vB
v A = 67.2 mi/h !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Two identical cars A and B are at rest on a loading dock with brakes
released. Car C, of a slightly different style but of the same weight, has
been pushed by dockworkers and hits car B with a velocity of 4.5 ft/s.
Knowing that the coefficient of restitution is 0.8 between B and C and 0.5
between A and B, determine the velocity of each car after all collisions
have taken place.
mA = mB = mC = m
Collision between B and C
The total momentum is conserved.
mvB + mvC = mvB + mvC vB + vC = 4.5 (1)

Relative velocities
vC vB = e ( vB vC ) = 0.8 ( 4.5 ) vB vC = 3.6 (2)

vB = 4.05 ft/s !
vC = 0.450 ft/s !
Since vB > vC , Car B collides with Car A

Collision between A and B
v A + vB = 4.05 (3)
Relative velocities
( vA vB ) e = vB vA vB vA = 0.5 ( 4.05) ; vA vB = 2.025 (4)

vB = 1.013 ft/s !
vA = 3.04 ft/s !
vC < vB < vA No more collisions
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A 1.5-lb ball A is moving with a velocity of magnitude 18 ft/s when it is
hit by a 2.5-lb ball B which has a velocity of magnitude 12 ft/s. Knowing
that the coefficient of restitution is 0.8 and assuming no friction,
determine the velocity of each ball after impact.
After
Before
v A = 18 ft/s; ( v A )n = 18cos 40 = 13.79 ft/s; ( v A )t = 18sin 40 = 11.57 ft/s
vB = ( vB )n = 12 ft/s; ( vB )t = 0
t-direction
mA ( v A )t + mB ( vB )t = mA ( vA )t + mB ( vB )t
(1.5 lb ) (1.5 lb ) ( 2.5 lb )

( 11.57 ft/s ) + 0 = ( vA )t + ( vA )t
g g g
17.36 = 1.5 ( vA )t + 2.5 ( vB )t (1)
Ball A alone momentum conserved

mA ( v A )t = mA ( vA )t ( vA )t = 11.57 ft/s (2)
Replace ( vA )t in (2) in equation (1)
17.36 = 1.5 ( 11.57 ) + 2.5 ( vB )t ; ( vB )t = 0
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
n-Direction Relative velocities
( v A ) n ( vB ) n e = ( vB ) ( v A ) n

13.79 ( 12 ) 0.8 = ( vB )n ( vA )n
( vB )n ( vA )n = 20.632 (3)

mA ( v A )n + mB ( vB )n = mA ( vA )n + mB ( vB )n
(1.5 lb ) ( 2.5 lb ) (1.5 lb ) ( 2.5 lb )

(13.79 ft/s ) + ( 12 ft/s ) = ( vA )n + ( vB )n
g g g g
1.5 ( vA )n + 2.5 ( vB )n = 9.315 (4)
Solve (3) and (4): 4 ( vB )n = 21.633
( vB )n = 5.408 ft/s
( vA )n = 15.224 ft/s
vA = (15.224 )2 + (11.57 )2 = 19.12 ft/s, = 37.23
v A = 19.12 ft/s 72.2 !
vB = 5.41 ft/s 40 !
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
A ball hits the ground at A with a velocity v0 of 6 m/s at an angle of 60 RUET
with the horizontal. Knowing that e = 0.6 between the ball and the
ground and that after rebounding the ball reaches point B with a
horizontal velocity, determine (a) the distances h and d, (b) the velocity
of the ball as it reaches B.
(a) Rebound at A Conservation of momentum t direction

mv0 cos 60 = m ( vA )t ( vA )t = 6 cos
( vA )t = 3 m/s
Coefficient of restitution in the n direction
( ( vA )n 0 ) e = 0 ( vA )n : ( 6sin 60)( 0.6 ) = ( vA )n

( vA )n = 3.12 m/s
After rebound ( v x )0 = ( vA )t = 3 m/s

Projectile motion between A and B
( v y )0 = ( vA )n = 3.12 m/s
x = ( vx )0 t = 3t , vx = 3 m/s
y = vy( )0 t 12 gt 2 = 3.12t 4.905t 2;

vy = vy( )0 gt = 3.12 9.81t
At B, v y = 0: 3.12 9.81t A B = 0 t A B = 0.318 s
yB = h : h = 3.12t A B 4.905t A2 B = 0.496 m

xB = d = 3t A B
h = 0.496 m !
d = 0.953 m !
(b) vB = ( vx )0 = 3 m/s
vB = 3.00 m/s !
ruhulpm@live.com
072052
RUET
A 1.5-lb sphere A moving with a velocity v 0 parallel to the ground
strikes the inclined face of a 4.5-lb wedge B which can roll freely on the
ground and is initially at rest. After impact the sphere is observed from
the ground to be moving straight up. Knowing that the coefficient of
restitution between the sphere and the wedge is e = 0.6, determine
(a) the angle that the inclined face of the wedge makes with the
horizontal, (b) the energy lost due to the impact.
(a) Momentum of sphere A alone is conserved in the t-direction.

mAv0 cos = mAvA sin
v0 = vA tan (1)
Total momentum is conserved in the x-direction.
mBvB + mAv0 = mBvB + mA ( vA ) x vB = 0, ( vA ) x = 0
1.5 4.5
0+ v0 = vB + 0
g g
v0
vB = (2)
3
( v0 sin 0 ) e = vB sin vA cos
( v0 ) ( 0.6 ) = vB + vA cot (3)
Substituting vB from (2) into (3)
0.6v0 = 0.333v0 + vA cot
0.267v0 = vA cot (4)
Divide (4) into (1)

1 tan
= = tan 2
0.267 cot
tan = 1.935 = 62.7 !
(b) From (1) v0 = vA tan = vA (1.935 )
v0
vA = 0.5168v0 , vB = (2)
3
continued
ruhulpm@live.com
Manik_ME
072052
RUET
Tlost =
1
2
1
2
( 2
mAv A2 mA ( vA ) + mBvB2 )
1 1.5 4.5 v0
2
1 1.5 2 2
T lost = ( v0 ) ( 0.5168v0 ) +
2 g 2 2 g 3
v02 0.3v02
=
2g
[1.5 0.40 0.50] =
g
Tlost = 0.00932v02 ft lb !
(For v0 in ft/s).
ruhulpm@live.com

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Chapter 13, Problem 1.

Chapter 13, Solution 1.

Given: Weight of satellite, W = 1000 lb

Chapter 13, Solution 2.

Chapter 13, Solution 3.

Given: Mass of stone, m = 2 kg

Acceleration of gravity on the moon, g m = 1.62 m/s 2

Weight on the moon is, (

Chapter 13, Solution 4.

Chapter 13, Solution 5.

Use work and energy with position 1 at A and position 2 at C.

Work and energy

32 8 + k g 20 32 8 + (0.25) (32.2) (20)

(a) Use work and energy from A to B. T1 + V1 2 = T2

(b) Package returns to A use work and energy from B to A

v3 = 25.81 ft/s v3 = 25.8 ft/s 20 !

(c) Energy dissipated is equal to change of kinetic energy

Chapter 13, Solution 7.

Given: Automobile Weight W = mg = (2000 kg) (9.81)

Initial Velocity A, v A = 0 m/s

Find; speed of automobile at point B, vB

(a) U A B = WhA B (19620 N) (150 m)sin 6

Chapter 13, Solution 8.

Given: Automobile weight, W = (2000) (9.81) = 19620 N

Initial velocity at A, v A = 0 m/s

F = N = 0.75 (19620 N) cos 6

Chapter 13, Solution 9.

U1 2 = [ P cos 50 90sin 20 0.35 N](3 ft)

( P cos 50) 3 (90sin 20) (3) 0.35 (90cos 20 + P sin 50)3 = T2

Chapter 13, Solution 10.

(a) First stage: U1 2 = (5.5 3) (50) = 125 lb ft = T2

Chapter 13, Solution 11.

Given: Block A is released from rest and moves up incline 0.6 m.

Friction and other masses are neglected

Chapter 13, Solution 12.

Given: Block A is released at the position shown at a velocity of

After moving 0.6 m the velocity is 3 m/s.

UC = 140 N (1.2 0.63958) m = 39.229 N m

Chapter 13, Solution 13.

For AB, k = 0.40

Chapter 13, Solution 14.

Chapter 13, Solution 15.

Car C Fy 0 NC M C g = 0 NC = (35 103 kg) (9.81 m/s 2 ) = 343.35 103 N

So, FC = (0.35) (343.35 103 ) = 120.173 103 N

Car B Fy = 0 N B M B g = 0 N B = (45 103 kg) (9.81m/s 2 ) = 441.45 103 N

So, FB = 0.35(441.45 103 ) = 154.508 103 N

(b) Force in each coupling

FAB = 83.599 103 N

Solve for FBC

Chapter 13, Solution 16.

FBC = 36.57 103 N

Chapter 13, Solution 17.

Given: Car B towing car A uphill at A constant speed of 30 ft/s

Car A: For car A, travel to contact

Chapter 13, Solution 18.

Given: Car B tows car A at 30 ft/s uphill.

F1 = ( 3000 ) sin 5 + ( 2500 ) sin 5

NB = 2500 cos 5 = 5500sin 5

Since ( F1 3000 sin 5 2500 sin 5) = 0

(T 0.8 ( 3000 )( cos 5) 3000 sin 5 ) ( 32.149 ) = 2 ( 32.2 )

Chapter 13, Solution 19.

v A = 5.703 v A = 5.70 ft/s 30 !

Chapter 13, Solution 21.