11 Process heating, power and incineration (energy applications in industry)
Also, two input power-sources can be integrated into a bigger power
source via the dual energy-integration mechanism, thus resulting in
twice the output energy and obtaining the necessary tractive power. A
dynamic equation is therefore derived from this system to obtain the
flow direction for the power source. Furthermore, dynamic equations
of various system components can be established by the modularized
software Matlab/simulink, and fuzzy logic is used to control and
develop this system's dual energy-integration mechanism as a control
strategy. It can be learnt from the system simulation that, after the
engine's energy is distributed by the controller of the dual energy-
integration mechanism, subjected to a deceleration ratio of the first
pulley-set of the internal-combustion engine distribution mechanism
and added to the generator torque transmitted from the second pulley-
set, the engine can maintain an optimum state under various operating
conditions.
0502266 R&D on the power conversion system for gas
turbine high temperature reactors
Takizuka, T. et al. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2004, 233, (1 3),
329 346.
Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) is conducting R&D
on the power conversion system of the GTHTR300 plant, in parallel
with plant design work. The design of the power conversion system is
based on a regenerative, non-intercooled, closed Brayton cycle with
helium gas as the working fluid. A single-shaft, axial-flow turbo-
compressor and a directly coupled electric generator run on magnetic
bearings. Major R&D issues for the power conversion system are
aerodynamic performance of the helium gas compressor, high load
capacity magnetic bearings and performance of magnetic bearing
supported rotor, and operability and controllability of the closed-cycle
gas turbine system. Three test plans were set up to address theses
issues, aiming at verifying the design of the GTHTR300 power
conversion system and establishing key technologies of a closed-cycle
helium gas turbine system. The compressor aerodynamic performance
test is aiming at verifying the aerodynamic performance and design
method of the helium compressor. A 1/3-scale, four-stage compressor
test model and a helium gas loop were designed and fabricated. The
model was designed to simulate the repeating stage flow, and at the
same time have satisfactorily high machining precision, Reynolds
number and measurement accuracy. The helium gas operating pressure
is varied to investigate the effects of the Reynolds number on the
efficiency and surge margin. Two sets of blades were fabricated to
evaluate the effects of the end-wall over-camber angle. Test results will
provide the basis for further improvement in the GTHTR300
compressor design. The magnetic bearing development test is aiming
at developing the technology of the magnetic bearing supported rotor
system. The test rig composed of 1/3-scale turbo-compressor and
generator rotor models that are connected together by a flexible
coupling. Each rotor models are supported by two radial magnetic
bearings with a high load capacity that is about 1/10 of the GTHTR300
design. The rotor models were designed so that both the critical speeds
and vibration modes are matched to those of the actual rotors. A 1/3-
scale test model of a turbo-machine rotor system and magnetic
bearings were designed and fabrication of the test model was started.
Testing of magnetic bearing performance, unbalance response,
stability, and auxiliary bearing reliability will be carried out together
with development of advanced control method in the program. The test
will validate the design methods of the rotor system and magnetic
bearing control system. The test will verify the rotor design of
GTHTR300 and the results will identify technical issues in scaling up
of magnetic bearings. The gas-turbine system operation and control
test is aiming to demonstrate operability and controllability of the
closed-cycle gas-turbine system. Preliminary design was made for the
test facility that is an integrated scaled model of the GTHTR300 power
conversion system. Pressurized helium gas at around 1 MPa is used as
the working fluid, and an electric heater simulates the reactor. Planned
test modes are normal operation, start-up, shutdown, load change, loss
of load, and emergency shutdown. Specifications of the system
operation and control were defined to fulfil the test requirements.
The test will verify the design of the GTHTR300 control system and
establish the operation and control method. Development and
verification of a plant dynamics analysis code will be made based on
the test results. Major components of the facility, such as a turbine, a
heater, a recuperator, and a pre-cooler, were designed to meet the
specifications. Preliminary transient analyses were made for the test
facility design. It was confirmed from the results of the analyses that
the test facility can be operated to meet the requirements of the test
plan and controlled satisfactorily. A revision of the design is underway
for purposes of the reduction in the power demands and the
improvement in the control system. These scaled tests will surely
validate the GTHTR300 power conversion system design and the
results will be incorporated in the design in the upgrading stage. The
R&D program as a whole will well demonstrate the technical feasibility
of the high-efficiency gas-turbine system for high-temperature gas-
cooled reactor plants.
0502267 Three-phase induction motor operating from
single-phase supply with an electronically controlled
capacitor
Ahmed, N. A. Electric Power Systems Research, 2005, 73, (2), 121 128.
In this paper the performance of a three-phase induction motor
operating from single-phase supply with a new electronically controlled
capacitor using an electronic switch in series with a fixed capacitor to
achieve a minimum unbalance of the motor phase voltages at all
loading conditions is proposed. No mechanical or centrifugal switch is
used here. Basic system operation, theoretical analysis, simulated and
experimental results in comparison with conventional operation using
one and two fixed capacitors are presented in this paper. The optimum
effective capacitor value can be on-line adjusted at any operating speed
by periodically changing the duty cycle of the controlled switch to
achieve minimum unbalance in phase voltages to improve the motor
performance at different speeds.
0502268 Tracking control of induction motor using fuzzy
phase plane controller with improved genetic algorithm
Chiang, C. and Su, C.-T. Electric Power Systems Research, 2005, 73,
(2), 239 247.
This paper proposes a fuzzy phase plane controller (FPPC) using an
improved genetic algorithm (IGA) for the optimal position/speed
tracking control of an induction motor. The proposed optimal
algorithm (IGA) is equipped with an improved evolutionary direction
operator (IEDO) to enhance the traditional genetic algorithm (GA).
An application example was considered to compare the proposed IGA
with the GA. Computational results show that the proposed IGA is
more efficient than the GA. Fuzzy membership functions, phase plane
theory and the proposed IGA are employed to design the proposed
controller (FPPC) for the optimal position/speed tracking control of an
induction motor. The proposed FPPC has the merits of rapid response,
simple designed fuzzy logic control and an explicitly designed phase
plane theory. Simulated and experimental results reveal that the
proposed FPPC is superior in the optimal position/speed tracking
control to conventional PI controllers.
0502269 Use of turbines for simultaneous pressure
regulation and recovery in secondary cooling water systems
in deep mines
van Antwerpen, H. J. and Greyvenstein, G. P. Energy Conversion and
Management, 2005, 46, (4), 563 575.
A system is proposed that uses a reverse-running multistage pump
acting as a turbine to do simultaneous pressure regulation and pressure
recovery in secondary cooling water systems in deep mines. The turbine
drives a standard induction motor that acts as a generator. A constant
pressure drop across the system is maintained with bypass and inline
valves. For design evaluations, a simple method was developed for
calculation of turbine head/flow and efficiency relations.
11 PROCESS HEATING,
POWER A N D
iNCiNERATiON
Energy applications in industry
0502270 A kinetic study of gaseous alkali capture by
kaolin in the fixed bed reactor equipped with an alkali
detector
Tran, K.-Q. et al. Fuel, 2005, 84, (2 3), 169 175.
In this study, the interaction between gas phase potassium species and
kaolin was investigated in a fixed bed reactor equipped with a surface
ionization detector, which is capable of detecting alkali metals in gas
phase at ppb level. The effects of mass transport, space time, sorbent
temperature and concentration of KC1 on the rate of potassium
adsorption on kaolin were studied in air. Kaolin, mainly composed of
kaolinite-A12Si2Os(OH) 4, was found to be very efficient in removing
gaseous alkali species from hot flue gases at fluidized bed combustion
temperatures. The removal efficiency increased as temperature was
decreased or KC1 concentration was increased. The capture of
potassium by kaolin was irreversible with formation of both water-
soluble and water-insoluble products. Kaolin captured KOH almost as
effectively as KC1, but K2SO4 was captured much less effectively than
KC1.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts September 2005 331