7.

0 RESULTS

i. Experiment 1: Boyles Law Experiment

Before expansion (kPa) After expansion (kPa)

PT1 155.9 122.4
PT2 54 121.4

ii. Experiment 2: Gay-Lussac Law Experiment

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Pressure (kPa) Temperature (C)
Pressurized vessel Depressurizes vessel Pressurized vessel Depressurizes vessel Pressurized vessel Depressurizes vessel
103.5 25.1 24.1 23.3 22.9 24 23
113.5 24.9 25.2 23.9 23.5 24.1 24.9
123.5 25 25.9 24.4 24.6 24.4 25.5
133.5 25.7 26.5 25 25.4 25.2 25.8
143.5 26.4 26.8 26.1 25.9 26 26.4
153.5 27.3 27 27 26.1 27 26.5
160 27.9 27 27.6 26.4 27.3 26.9

iii. Experiment 3: Isentropic Expansion Experiment

Before expansion (kPa) After expansion (kPa)

PT1 (kPa) 160 103.5
TT1 (C) 27.1 22.1

iv. Experiment 5: Brief Depressurization

PT1 (kPa)
Initial After brief expansion
160 156.8
8.0 SAMPLE CALCULATION

i. Experiment 1: Boyles Law Experiment

V1 = 0.025 m3
V2 = 0.01237 m3
By using Boyles law
P1V1 = P2V2
(P1V1 + P2V2) before = (P1V1 + P2V2) after
(155.90.025) + (540.01237) = (122.40.025) + (121.40.01237)
4.565 = 4.562
The difference is only 0.003, therefore the Boyles Law is verified.

ii. Experiment 2: Gay-Lussac Law Experiment

Pressure (kPa) T average (C)

103.5 23.73333333
113.5 24.41666667
123.5 24.96666667
133.5 25.6
143.5 26.26666667
153.5 26.81666667
160 27.18333333

Graph of pressure against temperature

iii. Experiment 3: Isentropic Expansion Experiment
For isentropic process,

1
(22.1/27.1) = (103.5/160) ^ ( )

1
0.815498 = 0.646875 ^ ( )

1
ln 0.815498 = ( ) ln 0.646875

k = 1.8805
The difference is 6.35%. The expansion process is proven as isentropic.

iv. Experiment 5: Brief Depressurization

Graph of responses of pressurization vessel following of brief depressurization

9.0 DISCUSSION

Boyles Law stated that the pressure of gas inversely proportional to the volume of a
container (Bassett, B. E. and Bennett, P. B., 1977). From the results recorded, some calculation
have been made in order to know the difference value between before and after of the experiment
one. The difference obtained is 0.003. These values are very small and close with the theoretical
value. Therefore the Boyless Law is verified. According to the data tabulated, it can be said that
the pressure and volume inversely proportional. When the pressure increases, the volume start to
decreases. This is happen because if the gas of the same pressure with constant temperature
injected into small and big container which means have different volume. The gas molecule in
small container have less spacious room and will collide to the wall and with each other more
often which exert more pressure (Gijsbers V., 2004).

Gay-Lussacs Law stated that pressure is directly proportional to the temperature which
means if the pressure increase, the temperature also increases with constant volume
(Benedict, R. P., 1984). Experiment two has been conducted in order to know the relationship
between pressure and temperature. Therefore, from the data tabulated and graph plotted, it can be
said that the Gay- Lussacs Law is verified. The same concept applied here, if the temperature of
a gas in a container increase, the heat energy of the system transfer its energy into the molecule
of gas which actually increase the frequency of collision in that container which exert more
pressure.

Isentropic expansion process occurs when the system are reversible and adiabatic where
no heat will be transferred in or out and no energy transformation occurs (Kotas, T. J., 2013).
From the data recorded, a constant k is now known which is equal to 1.8805. It was obtained that
both temperature and pressure of the gas before expansion were higher compared to after the
expansion. The process is said to be isentropic since there was no change in the entropy
throughout the process.

Brief depressurization shown in the graph plotted in result section which is decrease
more linear compared to stepwise. The expansion occur when the pressure of gas increase.
Expansion of gas decrease as the gas is free to flow out time by time.
11.0 RECOMMENDATION

i. Before starts the experiment, each of the experiment must do the start-up and shut-down
step in order to make sure there is no gas left in the chamber that will affect the data.
ii. Most important during recording data, keep eye on the (pressure and temperature) sensor
while monitoring the board because the parameter can increase and decrease really fast
and read the procedure carefully.
iii. Get an average reading by repeating the experiment normally three times in order to
reduce amount of deviation.
iv. Handle the valve carefully and do not make mistake by choosing the valve because it will
affect the data.
v. The place where the experiment is conducted also must be at stable and no vibration.
vi. All the equipment must be handle carefully in order to avoid explosion because over-
pressure in the tank would cause an explosion.
Bassett, B. E., & Bennett, P. B. (1977). Introduction to the physical and physiological
bases of hyperbaric therapy. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, 11-14.

Gijsbers, V. (2004). The contingent law: A tale of Maxwell's Demon.

Benedict, R. P. (1984). Fundamentals of temperature, pressure and flow measurements.

John Wiley & Sons.

Kotas, T. J. (2013). The exergy method of thermal plant analysis. Elsevier.