Chapter 1

1. An ideal voltage source has 7. The Thevenin voltage is the

same as the
a) Zero internal resistance
b) Infinite internal a. Shorted-load voltage
resistance b. Open-load voltage
c) A load-dependent voltage c. Ideal source voltage
d) A load-dependent current d. Norton voltage

2. A real voltage source has 8. The Thevenin resistance is

equal in value to the
a. Zero internal resistance
b. Infinite internalresistance a. Load resistance
c. A small internal resistance b. Half the load resistance
d. A large internal resistance c. Internal resistance of a
Norton circuit
3. If a load resistance is 1 d. Open-load resistance
kohm, a stiff voltage source has
a resistance of 9. To get the Thevenin voltage,
you have to
a. At least 10 ohm
b. Less than 10 ohm a. Short the load resistor
c. More than 100 kohm b. Open the load resistor
d. Less than 100 kohm c. Short the voltage source
d. Open the voltage source
4. An ideal current source has
10. To get the Norton current,
a. Zero internal resistance you have to
b. Infinite internal
resistance a. Short the load resistor
c. A load-dependent voltage b. Open the load resistor
d. A load-dependent current c. Short the voltage source
d. Open the current source
5. A real current source has
11. The Norton current is
a. Zero internal resistance sometimes called the
b. Infinite internal
resistance a. Shorted-load current
c. A small internal resistance b. Open-load current
d. A large internal resistance c. Thevenin current
d. Thevenin voltage
6. If a load resistance is 1
kohm, a stiff current source has 12. A solder bridge
a resistance of
a. may produce a short
a. At least 10 ohm b. may cause an open
b. Less than 10 ohm c. is useful in some circuits
c. More than 100 kohm d. always has high resistance
d. Less than 100 kohm
13. A cold-solder joint 19. The current out of an ideal
current source
a. shows good soldering
technique a. Is zero
b. usually produces an open b. Is constant
c. is sometimes useful c. Depends on the value of
d. always has low resistance load resistance
d. Depends on the internal
14. An open resistor has resistance

a. Infinite current through it 20. Thevenins theorem replaces

b. Zero voltage across it a complicated circuit facing a
c. Infinite voltage across it load by an
d. Zero current through it
a. Ideal voltage source and
15. A shorted resistor has parallel resistor
b. Ideal current source and
a. Infinite current through it parallel resistor
b. Zero voltage across it c. Ideal voltage source and
c. Infinite voltage across it series resistor
d. Zero current through it d. Ideal current source and
series resistor
16. An ideal voltage source and
an internal resistance is an 21. Nortons theorem replaces a
example of the complicated circuit facing a
load by an
a. Ideal approximation
b. Second approximation a. Ideal voltage source and
c. Higher approximation parallel resistor
d. Exact model b. Ideal current source and
parallel resistor
17. Treating a connecting wire c. Ideal voltage source and
as a conductor with zero series resistor
resistance is an example of the d. Ideal current source and
series resistor
a. Ideal approximation
b. Second approximation 22. One way to short a device is
c. Higher approximation
d. Exact model a. With a cold-solder joint
b. With a solder bridge
18. The voltage out of an ideal c. By disconnecting it
voltage source d. By opening it

a. Is zero 23. Derivations are

b. Is constant
c. Depends on the value of a. Discoveries
load resistance b. Inventions
d. Depends on the internal c. Produced by mathematics
resistance d. Always called theorems
 d. Impossible to say

24. Laws are proved by 5. How many valence electrons

does a silicon atom have?
a. Definition
b. Experiment a. 0
c. Mathematics b. 1
d. Formulas c. 2
d. 4
25. Definitions are
6. Which is the most widely used
a. Man made semiconductor?
b. Invented
c. Made up a. Copper
d. All of the above b. Germanium
c. Silicon
Chapter 2 d. None of the above

1. The nucleus of a copper atom 7. How many protons does the

contains how many protons? nucleus of a silicon atom
contain?
a. 1
b. 4 a. 4
c. 18 b. 14
d. 29 c. 29
d. 32
2. The net charge of a neutral
copper atom is 8. Silicon atoms combine into an
orderly pattern called a
a. 0
b. +1 a. Covalent bond
c. -1 b. Crystal
d. +4 c. Semiconductor
d. Valence orbit
3. Assume the valence electron
is removed from a copper atom. 9. An intrinsic semiconductor
The net charge of the atom has some holes in it at room
becomes temperature. What causes these
holes?
a. 0
b. + 1 a. Doping
c. -1 b. Free electrons
d. +4 c. Thermal energy
d. Valence electrons
4. The valence electron of a
copper atom experiences what 10. Each valence electron in an
kind of attraction toward the intrinsic semiconductor
nucleus? establishes a

a. None a. Covalent bond

b. Weak b. Free electron
c. Strong c. Hole
d. Recombination
17. When a voltage is applied to
11. The merging of a free a semiconductor, holes will flow
electron and a hole is called
a. Away from the negative
a. Covalent bonding potential
b. Lifetime b. Toward the positive potential
c. Recombination c. In the external circuit
d. Thermal energy d. None of the above

12. At room temperature an 18. A conductor has how many

intrinsic silicon crystal acts holes?
approximately like
a. Many
a. A battery b. None
b. A conductor c. Only those produced by
c. An insulator thermal energy
d. A piece of copper wire d. The same number as free
electrons
13. The amount of time between
the creation of a hole and its 19. In an intrinsic
disappearance is called semiconductor, the number of
free electrons
a. Doping
b. Lifetime a. Equals the number of holes
c. Recombination b. Is greater than the number of
d. Valence holes
c. Is less than the number of
14. The valence electron of a holes
conductor is also called a d. None of the above

a. Bound electron 20. Absolute zero temperature

b. Free electron equals
c. Nucleus
d. Proton a. -273 degrees C
b. 0 degrees C
15. A conductor has how many c. 25 degrees C
types of flow? d. 50 degrees C

a. 1 21. At absolute zero temperature

b, 2 an intrinsic semiconductor has
c. 3
d. 4 a. A few free electrons
b. Many holes
16. A semiconductor has how many c. Many free electrons
types of flow? d. No holes or free electrons

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
22. At room temperature an 28. If you wanted to produce a
intrinsic semiconductor has p-type semiconductor, which of
these would you use?
a. A few free electrons and
holes a. Acceptor atoms
b. Many holes b. Donor atoms
c. Many free electrons c. Pentavalent impurity
d. No holes d. Silicon

23. The number of free electrons 29. Holes are the minority
and holes in an intrinsic carriers in which type of
semiconductor increases when the semiconductor?
temperature
a. Extrinsic
a. Decreases b. Intrinsic
b. Increases c. n-type
c. Stays the same d. p-type
d. None of the above
30. How many free electrons does
24. The flow of valence a p-type semiconductor contain?
electrons to the left means that
holes are flowing to the a. Many
b. None
a. Left c. Only those produced by
b. Right thermal energy
c. Either way d. Same number as holes
d. None of the above
31. Silver is the best
25. Holes act like conductor. How many valence
electrons do you think it has?
a. Atoms
b. Crystals a. 1
c. Negative charges b. 4
d. Positive charges c. 18
d. 29
26. Trivalent atoms have how
many valence electrons? 32. Suppose an intrinsic
semiconductor has 1 billion free
a. 1 electrons at room temperature.
b. 3 If the temperature changes to
c. 4 75'C, how
d. 5 many holes are there?

27. A donor atom has how many a. Fewer than 1 billion

valence electrons? b. 1 billion
c. More than 1 billion
a. 1 d. Impossible to say
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
33. An external voltage source 38. Which of the following
is applied to a p-type describes an n-type
semiconductor. If the left end semiconductor?
of the crystal is positive,
which way do the a. Neutral
majority carriers flow? b. Positively charged
c. Negatively charged
a. Left d. Has many holes
b. Right
c. Neither 39. A p-type semiconductor
d. Impossible to say contains holes and

34. Which of the following a. Positive ions

doesn't fit in the group? b. Negative ions
c. Pentavalent atoms
a. Conductor d. Donor atoms
b. Semiconductor
c. Four valence electrons 40. Which of the following
d. Crystal structure describes a p-type
semiconductor?
35. Which of the following is
approximately equal to room a. Neutral
temperature? b. Positively charged
c. Negatively charged
a. 0 degrees C d. Has many free electrons
b. 25 degrees C
c. 50 degrees C 41. Which of the following
d. 75degrees C cannot move?

36. How many electrons are there a. Holes

in the valence orbit of a b. Free electrons
silicon atom within a crystal? C. Ions
d. Majority carriers
a. 1
b. 4 42. What causes the depletion
c. 8 layer?
d. 14
a. Doping
37. Positive ions are atoms that b. Recombination
have c. Barrier potential
d. Ions
a. Gained a proton
b. Lost a proton 43. What is the barrier
c. Gained an electron potential of a silicon diode at
d. Lost an electron room temperature?

a. 0.3 V
b. 0.7 V
C. 1 V
d. 2 mV per degree Celsius
44. To produce a large forward 50. When a diode is forward-
current in a silicon diode, the biased, the recombination of
applied voltage must be greater free electrons and holes may
than produce

a. 0 a. Heat
b. 0.3 V b. Light
c. 0.7 V c. Radiation
d. 1 V d. All of the above

45. In a silicon diode the

reverse current is usually

a. Very small
b. Very large
c. Zero
d. In the breakdown region

46. Surface-leakage current is

part of the
a. Forward current
b. Forward breakdown
c. Reverse current
d. Reverse breakdown

47. The voltage where avalanche

occurs is called the

a. Barrier potential
b. Depletion layer
c. Knee voltage
d. Breakdown voltage

48. Diffusion of free electrons

across the junction of an
unbiased diode produces

a. Forward bias
b. Reverse bias
c. Breakdown
d. The depletion layer

49. When the reverse voltage

increases from 5 to 10 V, the
depletion layer

a. Becomes smaller
b. Becomes larger
c. Is unaffected
d. Breaks down
Chapter 3 7. The reverse current consists
of minority-carrier current and
1 . When the graph of current
versus voltage is a straight a. Avalanche current
line, the device is referred to b. Forward current
as c. Surface-leakage current
d. Zener current
a. Active
b. Linear 8. How much voltage is there
c. Nonlinear across the second approximation
d. Passive of a silicon diode when it is
forward biased?
2. What kind of device is a
resistor? a. 0
b. 0.3 V
a. Unilateral c. 0.7 V
b. Linear d. 1 V
c. Nonlinear
d. Bipolar 9. How much current is there
through the second approximation
3. What kind of a device is a of a silicon diode when it is
diode? reverse biased?

a. Bilateral a. 0
b. Linear b. 1 mA
c. Nonlinear c. 300 mA
d. Unipolar d. None of the above

4. How is a nonconducting diode 10. How much forward diode

biased? voltage is there with the ideal-
diode approximation?
a. Forward
b. Inverse a. 0
c. Poorly b. 0.7 V
d. Reverse c. More than 0.7 V
d. 1 V
5. When the diode current is
large, the bias is 11. The bulk resistance of a
1N4001 is
a. Forward
b. Inverse a. 0
c. Poor b. 0.23 ohm
d. Reverse c. 10 ohm
d. 1 kohm
6. The knee voltage of a diode
is approximately equal to the

a. Applied voltage
b. Barrier potential
c. Breakdown voltage
d. Forward voltage
12. If the bulk resistance is 18. How much load current is
zero, the graph above the knee there in Fig. 3-19 with the
becomes third approximation?

a. Horizontal a. 0
b. Vertical b. 14.3 mA
c. Tilted at 450 c. 15 mA
d. None of the above d. 50 mA

13. The ideal diode is usually 19. If the diode is open in Fig.
adequate when 3-19, the load voltage is

a. Troubleshooting a. 0
b. Doing precise calculations b. 14.3 V
c. The source voltage is low c. 20 V
d. The load resistance is low d. -15 V

14. The second approximation 20. If the resistor is

works well when ungrounded in Fig. 3-19, the
voltage measured with a DMM
a. Troubleshooting between the top of the resistor
b. Load resistance is high and ground is
c. Source voltage is high closest to
d. All of the above
a. 0
15. The only time you have to b. 15 V
use the third approximation is c. 20 V
when d. -15 V

a. Load resistance is low 21. The load voltage measures

b. Source voltage is high zero in Fig. 3-19. The trouble
c. Troubleshooting may be
d. None of the above
a. A shorted diode
16. How much load current is b. An open diode
there in Fig. 3-19 (see your c. An open load resistor
textbook) with the ideal diode? d. Too much supply voltage

a. 0
b. 14.3 mA
c. 15 mA
d. 50 mA

17. How much load current is

there in Fig. 3-19 (see your
textbook) with the second
approximation?

a. 0
b. 14.3 mA
c. 15 mA
d. 50 mA
Chapter 4 6. The voltage out of a bridge
rectifier is a
1. If N1/N2 = 2, and the primary
voltage is 120 V, what is the a. Half-wave signal
secondary voltage? b. Full-wave signal
c. Bridge-rectified signal
a. 0 V d. Sine wave
b. 36 V
c. 60 V 7. If the line voltage is 115 V
d. 240 V rms, a turns ratio of 5: 1 means
the rms secondary voltage is
2. In a step-down transformer, closest to
which is larger?
a. 15 V
a. Primary voltage b. 23 V
b. Secondary voltage c. 30 V
c. Neither d. 35 V
d. No answer possible
8. What is the peak load voltage
3. A transformer has a turns in a full-wave rectifier if the
ratio of 4: 1. What is the peak secondary voltage is 20 V rms?
secondary voltage if 115 V rms
is applied to the primary a. 0 V
winding? b. 0.7 V
c. 14.1 V
a. 40.7 V d. 28.3 V
b. 64.6 V
c. 163 V 9. We want a peak load voltage
d. 650 V of 40 V out of a bridge
rectifier. What is the
4. With a half-wave rectified approximate rms value of
voltage across the load secondary voltage?
resistor, load current flows for
what part of a cycle? a. 0 V
b. 14.4 V
a. 0 degrees c. 28.3 V
b. 90 degrees d. 56.6 V
c. 180 degrees
d. 360 degrees 10. With a full-wave rectified
voltage across the load
5. Line voltage may be from 105 resistor, load current flows for
V rms to 125 rms in a half-wave what part of a cycle?
rectifier. With a 5:1 step-down
transformer, the maximum peak a. 0 degrees
load voltage is closest to b. 90 degrees
c. 180 degrees
a. 21 V d. 360 degrees
b. 25 V
c. 29.6 V
d. 35.4 V
11. What is the peak load 16. If the filtered load current
voltage out of a bridge is 10 mA, which of the following
rectifier for a secondary has a diode current of 10 mA?
voltage of 15 V rms? (Use second
approximation.) a. Half-wave rectifier
b. Full-wave rectifier
a. 9.2 V c. Bridge rectifier
b. 15 V d. Impossible to say
c. 19.8 V
d. 24.3 V 17. If the load current is 5 mA
and the filter capacitance is
12. If line frequency is 60 Hz, 1000uF, what is the peak-to-peak
the output frequency of a half- ripple out of a bridge
wave rectifier is rectifier?

a. 30 Hz a. 21.3 pV
b. 60 Hz b. 56.3 nV
c. 120 Hz c. 21.3 mV
d. 240 Hz d. 41.7 mV

13. If line frequency is 60 Hz, 18. The diodes in a bridge

the output frequency of a bridge rectifier each have a maximum dc
rectifier is current rating of 2 A. This
means the dc load current can
a. 30 Hz have a
b. 60 Hz maximum value of
c. 120 Hz
d. 240 Hz a. 1 A
b. 2 A
14. With the same secondary c. 4 A
voltage and filter, which has d. 8 A
the most ripple?
19. What is the PIV across each
a. Half-wave rectifier diode of a bridge rectifier with
b. Full-wave rectifier a secondary voltage of 20 V rms?
c. Bridge rectifier
d. Impossible to say a. 14.1 V
b. 20 V
15. With the same secondary c. 28.3 V
voltage and filter, which d. 34 V
produces the least load voltage?
20. If the secondary voltage
a. Half-wave rectifier increases in a bridge rectifier
b. Full-wave rectifier with a capacitor-input filter,
c. Bridge rectifier the load voltage will
d. Impossible to say
a. Decrease
b. Stay the same
c. Increase
d. None of these
21. If the filter capacitance is
increased, the ripple will

a. Decrease
b. Stay the same
c. Increase
d. None of these
Chapter 5 6.In the second approximation,
the total voltage across the
1. What is true about the zener diode is the sum of-the
breakdown voltage in a zener breakdown voltage and the
diode? voltage across the

a. It decreases when current a. Source

increases. b. Series resistor
b. It destroys the diode. c. Zener resistance
c. It equals the current times d. Zener diode
the resistance.
d. It is approximately constant. 7. The load voltage is
approximately constant when a
2. Which of these is the best zener diode is
description of a zener diode?
a. Forward-biased
a. It is a rectifier diode. b. Reverse-biased
b. It is a constant-voltage c. Operating in the breakdown
device. region
c. It is a constant-cuffent d. Unbiased
device.
d. It works in the forward 8. In a loaded zener regulator,
region. which has the largest current?
a. Series current
3. A zener diode b. Zener current
c. Load current
a. Is a battery d. None of these
b. Has a constant voltage in the
breakdown region 9. If the load resistance
c. Has a barrier potential of 1 decreases in a zener regulator,
V the zener current
d. Is forward-biased
a. Decreases
4. The voltage across the zener b. Stays the same
resistance is usually c. Increases
d. Equals the source voltage
a. Small divided by the series resistance
b. Large
c. Measured in volts 10. If the load resistance
d. Subtracted from the breakdown decreases in a zener regulator,
voltage the series current

5. If the series resistance a. Decreases

decreases in an unloaded zener b. Stays the same
regulator, the zener current c. Increases
d. Equals the source voltage
a. Decreases divided by the series resistance
b. Stays the same
c. Increases
d. Equals the voltage divided by
the resistance
11. When the source voltage 16. To display the digit 8 in a
increases in a zener regulator, seven-segment indicator,
which of these currents remains a. C must be lighted
approximately constant? b. G must be off
c. F must be on
a. Series current d. All segments must be on
b. Zener current
c. Load current 17. A photodiode is normally
d. Total current a. Forward-biased
b. Reverse-biased
12. If the zener diode in a c. Neither forward- nor reverse-
zener regulator is connected biased
with the wrong polarity, the d. Emitting light
load voltage will be closest to
18. When the light increases,
a. 0.7 V the reverse minority carrier
b. 10 V current in a photodiode
c. 14 V
d. 18 V a. Decreases
b. Increases
13. At high frequencies, c. Is unaffected
ordinary diodes don't work d. Reverses direction
properly because of
19. The device associated with
a. Forward bias voltage-controlled capacitance
b. Reverse bias is a
c. Breakdown
d. Charge storage a. Light-emitting diode
b. Photodiode
14. The capacitance of a c. Varactor diode
varactor diode increases when d. Zener diode
the reverse voltage across it
20. If the depletion layer gets
a. Decreases wider, the capacitance
b. Increases
c. Breaks down a. Decreases
d. Stores charges b. Stays the same
c. Increases
15. Breakdown does not destroy a d. Is variable
zener diode provided the zener
current is less than the 21. When the reverse voltage
increases, the capacitance
a. Breakdown voltage
b. Zener test current a. Decreases
c. Maximum zener current rating b. Stays the same
d. Banier potential c. Increases
d. Has more bandwidth
22. The varactor is usually 28. For typical operation, you
need to use reverse bias with a
a. Forward-biased
b. Reverse-biased a. Zener diode
c. Unbiased b. Photodiode
d. Operated in the breakdown c. Varactor
region d. All of the above

23. The device to use for

rectifying a weak ac signal is a

a. Zener diode
b. Light-emitting diode
c. Varistor
d. Back diode

24. Which of the following has a

negative-resistance region?

a. Tunnel diode
b. Step-recovery diode
c. Schottky diode
d. Optocoupler

25. A blown-fuse indicator uses

a

a. Zener diode
b. Constant-current diode
c. Light-emitting diode
d. Back diode

26. To isolate an output circuit

from an input circuit, which is
the device to use?

a. Back diode
b. Optocoupler
c. Seven-segment indicator
d. Tunnel diode

27. The diode with a forward

voltage drop of approximately
0.25 V is the

a. Step-recovery diode
b. Schottky diode
c. Back diode
d. Constant-current diode
Chapter 6 7. For normal operation of the
transistor, the collector diode
1. A transistor has how many has to be
doped regions?
a. Forward-biased
a. 1 b. Reverse-biased
b. 2 c. Nonconducting
c. 3 d. Operating in the breakdown
d. 4 region

2. What is one important thing 8. The base of an npn transistor

transistors do? is thin and

a. Amplify weak signals a. Heavily doped

b. Rectify line voltage b. Lightly doped
C. Regulate voltage c. Metallic
d. Emit light d. Doped by a pentavalent
material
3. Who invented the first
junction transistor? 9. Most of the electrons in the
base of an npn transistor flow
a. Bell
b. Faraday a. Out of the base lead
c. Marconi b. Into the collector
d. Schockley c. Into the emitter
d. Into the base supply
4. In an npn transistor, the
majority carriers in the base 10. Most of the electrons in the
are base of an npn transistor do not
recombine because they
a. Free electrons
b. Holes a. Have a long lifetime
c. Neither b. Have a negative charge
d. Both c. Must flow a long way through
the base
5. The barrier potential across d. Flow out of the base
each silicon depletion layer is
11. Most of the electrons that
a. 0 flow through the base will
b. 0.3 V
c. 0.7 V a. Flow into the collector
d. 1 V b. Flow out of the base lead
c. Recombine with base holes
6. The emitter diode is usually d. Recombine with collector
holes
a. Forward-biased
b. Reverse-biased
c. Nonconducting
d. Operating in the breakdown
region
12. The current gain of a 17. What is the most important
transistor is the ratio of the fact about the collector
current?
a. Collector current to emitter
current a. It is measured in
b. Collector current to base milliamperes.
current b. It equals the base current
c. Base current to collector divided by the current gain.
current c. It is small.
d. Emitter current to collector d. It approximately equals the
current emitter current.

13. Increasing the collector 18. If the current gain is 200

supply voltage will increase and the collector current is 100
mA, the base current is
a. Base current
b. Collector current a. 0.5 mA
c. Emitter current b. 2 mA
d. None of the above c. 2 A
d. 20 A
14. The fact that only a few
holes are in the base region 19. The base-emitter voltage is
means the base is usually

a. Lightly doped a. Less than the base supply

b. Heavily doped voltage
c. Undoped b. Equal to the base supply
d. None of the above voltage
c. More than the base supply
15. In a normally biased npn voltage
transistor, the electrons in the d. Cannot answer
emitter have enough energy to
overcome the barrier potential 20. The collector-emitter
of the voltage is usually

a. Base-emitter junction a. Less than the collector

b. Base-collector junction supply voltage
c. Collector-base junction b. Equal to the collector supply
d. Recombination path voltage
c. More than the collector
16. When a free electron supply voltage
recombines with a hole in the d. Cannot answer
base region, the free electron
becomes 21. The power dissipated by a
transistor approximately equals
a. Another free electron the collector current times
b. A valence electron
c. A conduction-band electron a. Base-emitter voltage
d. A majority carrier b. Collector-emitter voltage
c. Base supply voltage
d. 0.7 V
22. A small collector current 28. The base-emitter voltage of
with zero base current is caused the second approximation is
by the leakage current of the
a. 0
a. Emitter diode b. 0.3 V
b. Collector diode c. 0.7 V
c. Base diode d. 1 V
d. Transistor
29. If the base resistor is
23. A transistor acts like a open, what is the collector
diode and a cuffent?

a. Voltage source a. 0
b. Current source b. 1 mA
c. Resistance c. 2 mA
d. Power supply d. 10 mA

24. If the base current is 100

mA and the current gain is 30,
the collector current is

a. 300 mA
b. 3 A
c. 3.33 A
d. 10 A

25. The base-emitter voltage of

an ideal transistor is

a. 0
b. 0.3 V
c. 0.7 V
d. 1 V

26. If you recalculate the

collector-emitter voltage with
the second approximation, the
answer will usually be

a. Smaller than the ideal value

b.. The same as the ideal value
c. Larger than the ideal value
d. Inaccurate

27. In the active region, the

collector current is not changed
significantly by

a. Base supply voltage

b. Base current
c. Current gain
d. Collector resistance
Chapter 7 6. If the base resistor is very
small, the transistor will
1. The current gain of a operate in the
transistor is defined as the
ratio of the collector current a. Cutoff region
to the b. Active region
c. Saturation region
a. Base current d. Breakdown region
b. Emitter current
c. Supply current 7. Ignoring the bulk resistance
d. Collector current of the collector diode, the
collector-emitter saturation
2. The graph of current gain voltage is
versus collector-current
indicates that the current gain a. 0
b. A few tenths of a volt
a. Is constant C. 1 V
b. Varies slightly d. Supply voltage
c. Varies significantly
d. Equals the collector current 8. Three different Q points are
divided by the base current shown on a load line. The upper
Q point represents the
3. When the collector current
increases, what does the current a. Minimum current gain
gain do? b. Intermediate current gain
c. Maximum current gain
a. Decreases d. Cutoff point
b. Stays the same
c. Increases 9. If a transistor operates at
d. Any of the above the middle of the load line, an
increase in the base resistance
4. As the temperature increases, will move the Q point
the current gain
a. Down
a. Decreases b. Up
b. Remains the same c. Nowhere
c. Increases d. Off the load line
d. Can be any of the above
10. If a transistor operates at
5. When the base resistor the middle of the load line, an
decreases, the collector voltage increase in the current gain
will probably will move the Q point

a. Decrease a. Down
b. Stay the same b. Up
c. Increase c. Nowhere
d. Do all of the above d. Off the load line
11. If the base supply voltage 16. The collector current is 10
increases, the Q point moves mA. If the current gain is 100,
the base current is
a. Down
b. Up a. 1 microamp
c. Nowhere b. 10 microamp
d. Off the load line c. 100 microamp
d. 1 mA
12. Suppose the base resistor is
open. The Q point will be 17. The base current is 50
microamp. If the current gain is
a. In the middle of the load 125, the collector current is
line closest in value to
b. At the upper end of the load
line a. 40 microamp
c. At the lower end of the load b. 500 microamp
line c. 1 mA
d. Off the load line d. 6 mA

13. If the base supply voltage 18. When the Q point moves along
is disconnected, the collector- the load line, the voltage
emitter voltage will equal increases when the collector
current
a. 0 V
b. 6 V a. Decreases
c. 10.5 V b. Stays the same
d. Collector supply voltage c. Increases
d. Does none of the above
14. If the base resistor is
shorted, the transistor will 19. When there is no base
probably be current in a transistor switch,
the output voltage from the
a. Saturated transistor is
b. In cutoff
c. Destroved a. Low
d. None of the above b. High
c. Unchanged
15. If the collector resistor d. Unknown
decreases to zero in a base-
biased circuit, the load line 20. A circuit with a fixed
will become emitter current is called

a. Horizontal a. Base bias

b. Vertical b. Emitter bias
c. Useless c. Transistor bias
d. Flat d. Two-supply bias
21. The first step in analyzing 27. If the emitter resistance
emitter-based circuits is to decreases, the
find the
a. Q point moves up
a. Base current b. Collector current decreases
b. Emitter voltage c. Q point stays where it is
c. Emitter current d. Current gain increases
d. Collector current

22. If the current gain is

unknown in an emitter-biased
circuit, you cannot calculate
the

a. Emitter voltage
b. Emitter current
c. Collector current
d. Base current

23. If the emitter resistor is

open, the collector voltage is

a. Low
b. High
c. Unchanged
d. Unknown

24. If the collector resistor is

open, the collector voltage is

a. Low
b. High
c. Unchanged
d. Unknown

25. When the current gain

increases from 50 to 300 in an
emitter-biased circuit, the
collector current

a. Remains almost the same

b. Decreases by a factor of 6
c. Increases by a factor of 6
d. Is zero

26. If the emitter resistance

decreases, the collector voltage

a. Decreases
b. Stays the same
c. Increases
d. Breaks down the transistor
Chapter 8 6. VDB has a stable Q point like

1. For emitter bias, the voltage a. Base bias

across the emitter resistor is b. Emitter bias
the same as the voltage between c. Collector-feedback bias
the emitter and the d. Emitter-feedback bias
b
a. Base
b. Collector 7. VDB needs
c. Emitter
d. Ground a. Only three resistors
b. Only one supply
2. For emitter bias, the voltage c. Precision resistors
at the emitter is 0.7 V less d. More resistors to work better
than the b

a. Base voltage 8. VDB normally operates in the

b. Emitter voltage
c. Collector voltage a. Active region
d. Ground voltage b. Cutoff region
c. Saturation region
3. With voltage-divider bias, d. Breakdown region
the base voltage is a

a. Less than the base supply 9. The collector voltage of a

voltage VDB circuit is not sensitive to
b. Equal to the base supply changes in the
voltage
c. Greater than the base supply a. Supply voltage
voltage b. Emitter resistance
d. Greater than the collector c. Current gain
supply voltage d. Collector resistance
c
4. VDB is noted for its

a. Unstable collector voltage 10. If the emitter resistance

b. Varying emitter current increases in a VDB circuit, the
c. Large base current collector voltage
d. Stable Q point
a. Decreases
5. With VDB, an increase in b. Stays the same
emitter resistance will c. Increases
d. Doubles
a. Decrease the emitter voltage c
b. Decrease the collector
voltage 11. Base bias is associated with
c. Increase the emitter voltage
d. Decrease the emitter current a. Amplifiers
b. Switching circuits
c. Stable Q point
d. Fixed emitter current
b
12. If the emitter resistance 17. If a splash of solder shorts
doubles in a VDB circuit, the the collector resistor of TSEB,
collector current will the collector voltage will

a. Double a. Drop to zero

b. Drop in half b. Equal the collector supply
c. Remain the same voltage
d. Increase C. Stay the same
b d. Double
b
13. If the collector resistance 18. If the emitter resistance
increases in a VDB circuit, the increases with TSEB, the
collector voltage will collector voltage will

a. Decrease a. Decrease
b. Stay the same b. Stay the same
c. Increase C. Increase
d. Double d. Equal the collector supply
a voltage
c
14. The Q point of a VDB circuit
is 19. If the emitter resistor
opens with TSEB, the collector
a. Hypersensitive to changes in voltage will
current gain
b. Somewhat sensitive to changes a. Decrease
in current gain b. Stay the same
c. Almost totally insensitive to c. Increase slightly
changes in current gain d. Equal the collector supply
d. Greatly affected by voltage
temperature changes d
c 20. In TSEB, the base current
must be very
15. The base voltage of two-
supply emitter bias (TSEB) is a. Small
b. Large
a. 0.7 V c. Unstable
b. Very large d. Stable
c. Near 0 V a
d. 1.3 V
c 21. The Q point of TSEB does not
depend on the
16. If the emitter resistance
doubles with TSEB, the collector a. Emitter resistance
current will b. Collector resistance
c. Current gain
a. Drop in half d. Emitter voltage
b. Stay the same c
c. Double
d. Increase 22. The majority carriers in the
a emitter of a pnp transistor are
a. Holes
b. Free electrons
c. Trivalent atoms
d. Pentavalent atoms
a

23. The current gain of a pnp

transistor is
Chapter 9
a. The negative of the npn
current gain 1. For dc, the current in a
b. The collector current divided coupling circuit is
by the emitter current
c. Near zero a. Zero
d. The ratio of collector b. Maximum
current to base current c. Minimum
d d. Average
a. Zero
24. Which is the largest current
in a pnp transistor? 2. The current in a coupling
circuit for high frequencies is
a. Base current
b. Emitter current a. Zero
c. Collector current b. Maximum
d. None of these c. Minimum
b d. Average
b. Maximum
25. The currents of a pnp
transistor are 3. A coupling capacitor is

a. Usually smaller than npn a. A dc short

currents b. An ac open
b. Opposite npn currents c. A dc open and an ac short
c. Usually larger than npn d. A dc short and an ac open
currents c. A dc open and an ac short
d. Negative
b 4. In a bypass circuit, the top
of a capacitor is

a. An open
b. A short
26. With pnp voltage-divider c. An ac ground
bias, you must use d. A mechanical ground
c. An ac ground
a. Negative power supplies
b. Positive power supplies 5. The capacitor that produces
c. Resistors an ac ground is called a
d. Grounds
c a. Bypass capacitor
b. Coupling capacitor
c. Dc open
d. Ac open c. Larger than the negative half
a. Bypass capacitor cycle
d. Equal to the negative half
6. The capacitors of a CE cycle
amplifier appear c. Larger than the negative half
cycle
a. Open to ac
b. Shorted to dc 11. Ac emitter resistance
c. Open to supply voltage equals 25 mV divided by the
d. Shorted to ac
d. Shorted to ac a. Quiescent base current
7. Reducing all dc sources to b. DC emitter current
zero is one of the steps in c. AC emitter current
getting the d. Change in collector current
b. DC emitter current
a. DC equivalent circuit
b. AC equivalent circuit 12. To reduce the distortion in
c. Complete amplifier circuit a CE amplifier, reduce the
d. Voltage-divider biased
circuit a. DC emitter current
b. AC equivalent circuit b. Base-emitter voltage
c. Collector current
8. The ac equivalent circuit is d. AC base voltage
derived from the original d. AC base voltage
circuit by shorting all
13. If the ac voltage across
a. Resistors the emitter diode is 1 mV and
b. Capacitors the ac emitter current is 0.1
c. Inductors mA, the ac resistance of the
d. Transistors emitter diode is
b. Capacitors
a. 1 ohm
9. When the ac base voltage is b. 10 ohm
too large, the ac emitter c. 100 ohm
current is d. 1 kohm
b. 10 ohm
a. Sinusoidal
b. Constant
c. Distorted
d. Alternating
c. Distorted

10. In a CE amplifier with a 14. A graph of ac emitter

large input signal, the positive current versus ac base-emitter
half cycle of the ac emitter voltage applies to the
current is
a. Transistor
a. Equal to the negative half b. Emitter diode
cycle c. Collector diode
b. Smaller than the negative d. Power supply
half cycle b. Emitter diode
15. The output voltage of a CE a. AC collector resistance
amplifier is b. DC current gain
c. AC current gain
a. Amplified d. Generator voltage
b. Inverted c. AC current gain
c. 180 degrees out of phase with
the input
d. All of the above
d. All of the above

16. The emitter of a CE

amplifier has no ac voltage
because of the

a. DC voltage on it Chapter 10
b. Bypass capacitor
c. Coupling capacitor 1. The emitter is at ac ground
d. Load resistor in a
b. Bypass capacitor
a. CB stage
17. The voltage across the load b. CC stage
resistor of a CE amplifier is c. CE stage
d. None of these
a. Dc and ac c
b. DC only
c. AC only 2. The output voltage of a CE
d. Neither dc nor ac stage is usually
c. AC only
a. Constant
18. The ac collector current is b. Dependent on re'
approximately equal to the c. Small
d. Less the one
a. AC base current b
b. AC emitter current
c. AC source current 3. The voltage gain equals the
d. AC bypass current output voltage divided by the
b. AC emitter current
a. Input voltage
19. The ac emitter current times b. AC emitter resistance
the ac emitter resistance equals c. AC collector resistance
the d. Generator voltage
a
a. Dc emitter voltage
b. AC base voltage 4. The input impedance of the
c. AC collector voltage base increases when
d. Supply voltage
b. AC base voltage a. Beta increases
b. Supply voltage increases
20. The ac collector current c. Beta decreases
equals the ac base current times d. AC collector resistance
the increases
a a. Base bias
b. Positive feedback
5. Voltage gain is directly c. Negative feedback
proportional to d. A grounded emitter
c
a. Beta
b. Ac emitter resistance 11. In a swamped amplifier, the
c. DC collector voltage effects of the emitter diode
d. AC collector resistance become
d
a. Important to voltage gain
6. Compared to the ac resistance b. Critical to input impedance
of the emitter diode, the c. Significant to the analysis
feedback resistance of a swamped d. Unimportant
amplifier should be d

a. Small 12. The feedback resistor

b. Equal
c. Large a. Increases voltage gain
d. Zero b. Reduces distortion
c c. Decreases collector
resistance
7. Compared to a CE stage, a d. Decreases input impedance
swamped amplifier has an input b
impedance that is
13. The feedback resistor
a. Smaller
b. Equal a. Stabilizes voltage gain
c. Larger b. Increases distortion
d. Zero c. Increases collector
c resistance
d. Decreases input impedance
8. To reduce the distortion of a
an amplified signal, you can
increase the 14. The ac collector resistance
of the first stage includes the
a. Collector resistance
b. Emitter feedback resistance a. Load resistance
c. Generator resistance b. Input impedance of first
d. Load resistance stage
b c. Emitter resistance of first
9. The emitter of a swamped stage
amplifier d. Input impedance of second
stage
a. Is grounded d
b. Has no de voltage
c. Has an ac voltage 15. If the emitter bypass
d. Has no ac voltage capacitor opens, the ac output
c voltage will

10. A swamped amplifier uses a. Decrease

b. Increase
c. Remain the same
d. Equal zero 21. If the output coupling
a capacitor is open, the ac input
voltage will
16. If the collector resistor is
shorted, the ac output voltage a. Decrease
will b. Increase
c. Remain the same
a. Decrease d. Equal zero
b. Increase c
c. Remain the same
d. Equal zero 22. If the emitter resistor is
d open, the ac input voltage will

a. Decrease
b. Increase
17. If the load resistance is c. Remain the same
open, the ac output voltage will d. Equal zero
b
a. Decrease
b. Increase 23. If the collector resistor is
c. Remain the same open, the ac input voltage will
d. Equal zero
b a. Decrease
b. Increase
18. If any capacitor is open, c. Remain the same
the ac output voltage will d. Equal approximately zero
a
a. Decrease
b. Increase 24. If the emitter bypass
c. Remain the same capacitor is shorted, the ac
d. Equal zero input voltage will
a
a. Decrease
19. If the input coupling b. Increase
capacitor is open, the ac input c. Remain the same
voltage will d. Equal zero
a
a. Decrease
b. Increase
c. Remain the same
d. Equal zero Chapter 11
d
1. For class B operation, the
20. If the bypass capacitor is collector current flows
open, the ac input voltage will
a. The whole cycle
a. Decrease b. Half the cycle
b. Increase c. Less than half a cycle
c. Remainthe same d. Less than a quarter of a
d. Equal zero cycle
b b
 a. It has ac and dc collector
2. Transformer coupling is an resistances
example of b. It has two equivalent
circuits
a. Direct coupling c. DC acts one way and ac acts
b. AC coupling another
c. DC coupling d. All of the above
d. Impedance coupling d
b
8. When the Q point is at the
3. An audio amplifier operates center of the ac load line, the
in the frequency range of maximum peak-to-peak output
voltage equals
a. 0 to 20 Hz
b. 20 Hz to 20 kHz a. VCEQ
c. 20 to 200 kHz b. 2VCEQ
d. Above 20 kHz c. ICQ
b d. 2IcQ
b
4. A tuned RF amplifier is
9. Push-pull is almost always
a. Narrowband used with
b. Wideband
c. Direct coupled a. Class A
d. Impedance coupled b. Class B
a c. Class C
d. All of the above
5. The first stage of a preamp b
is
10. One advantage of a class B
a. A tuned RF stage push-pull amplifier is
b. Large signal
c. Small signal a. Very small quiescent current
d. A dc amplifier drain
c b. Maximum efficiency of 78.5
percent
6. For maximum peak-to-peak c. Greater efficiency than class
output voltage, the Q point A
should be d. All of the above
d
a. Near saturation
b. Near cutoff 11. Class C amplifiers are
c. At the center of the dc load almost always
line
d. At the center of the ac load a. Transformer-coupled between
line stages
d b. Operated at audio frequencies
c. Tuned RF amplifiers
7. An amplifier has two load d. Wideband
lines because c
12. The input signal of a class
C amplifier
a. Is negatively clamped at the
base
b. Is amplified and inverted
c. Produces brief pulses of
collector current
d. All of the above
d c
17. The ac load line is the same
as the dc load line when the ac
collector resistance equals the
a. DC emitter resistance
b. AC emitter resistance
c. DC collector resistance
d. Supply voltage divided by
collector current

13. The collector current of a 18. If RC = 3.6 kohm and RL = 10

class C amplifier kohm, the ac load resistance
equals
a. Is an amplified version of
the input voltage a. 10 kohm
b. Has harmonics b. 2.65 kohm
c. Is negatively clamped c. I kohm
d. Flows for half a cycle d. 3.6 kohm
b b

14. The bandwidth of a class C 19. The quiescent collector

amplifier decreases when the current is the same as the

a. Resonant frequency increases a. DC collector current

b. Q increases b. AC collector current
c. XL decreases c. Total collector current
d. Load resistance decreases d. Voltage-divider current
b a

15. The transistor dissipation 20. The ac load line usually

in a class C amplifier decreases
when the a. Equals the dc load line
b. Has less slope than the dc
a. Resonant frequency increases load line
b. coil Q increases c. Is steeper than the dc load
c. Load resistance decreases line
d. Capacitance increases d. Is horizontal
b c

16. The power rating of a 21. For a Q point near the

transistor can be increased by center of the dc load line,
clipping is more likely to occur
a. Raising the temperature on the
b. Using a heat sink
c. Using a derating curve a. Positive peak of input
d. Operating with no input voltage
signal b. Negative peak of output
b voltage
c. Positive peak of output
voltage
d. Negative peak of emitter a. Is the same as the voltage
voltage gain
c b. Is smaller than the voltage
gain
22. In a class A amplifier, the c. Equals output power divided
collector current flows for by input power
d. Equals load power
a. Less than half the cycle c
b. Half the cycle
c. Less than the whole cycle 27. Heat sinks reduce the
d. The entire cycle
d a. Transistor power
b. Ambient temperature
23. With class A, the output c. Junction temperature
signal should be d. Collector current
c
a. Unclipped
b. Clipped on positive voltage 28. When the ambient temperature
peak increases, the maximum
c. Clipped on negative voltage transistor power rating
peak
d. Clipped on negative current a. Decreases
peak b. Increases
a c. Remains the same
d. None of the above
24. The instantaneous operating a
point swings-along the
29. If the load power is 3 mW
a. AC load line and the dc power is 150 mW, the
b. DC load line efficiency is
c. Both load lines
d. Neither load line a. 0
a b. 2 percent
c. 3 percent
d. 20 percent
b
25. The current drain of an
amplifier is the Chapter 12

a. Total ac current from the 1. An emitter follower has a

generator voltage gain that is
b. Total dc current from the
supply a. Much less than one
c. Current gain from base to b. Approximately equal to one
collector c. Greater than one
d. Current gain from collector d. Zero
to base b
b
2. The total ac emitter
26. The power gain of an resistance of an emitter
amplifier follower equals
a. re' 7. If Beta = 200 and re = 150
b. re ohm, the input impedance of the
c. re + re' base is approximately
d. RE
c a. 30 kohm
b. 600 n
c. 3 kohm
d. 5 kohm
a

8. The input voltage to an

emitter follower is usually
3. The input impedance of the
base of an emitter follower is a. Less than the generator
usually voltage
b. Equal to the generator
a. Low voltage
b. High c. Greater than the generator
c. Shorted to ground voltage
d. Open d. Equal to the supply voltage
b. a

4. The dc emitter current for 9. The ac emitter current is

class A emitter followers is closest to

a. The same as the ac emitter a. VG divided by re

current b. vin divided by re'
b. VE divided by RE c. VG divided by re'
c. Vc divided by Rc d. vin divided by re
d. The same as the load current d
b
10. The output voltage of an
5. The ac base voltage of an emitter follower is
emitter follower is across the approximately

a. Emitter diode a. 0
b. DC emitter resistor b. VG
c. Load resistor c. vin
d. Emitter diode and external ac d. Vcc
emitter resistance c
d

6. The output voltage of an

emitter follower is across the 11. The ac load line of an
emitter follower is usually
a. Emitter diode
b. DC collector resistor a. The same as the dc load line
c. Load resistor b. More horizontal than the dc
d. Emitter diode and external ac load line
emitter resistance c. Steeper than the dc load line
c d. Vertical
c
 c
12. If the input voltage to an 17. A square wave out of an
emitter follower is too large, emitter follower implies
the output voltage will be
a. No clipping
a. Smaller b. Clipping at saturation
b. Larger c. Clipping at cutoff
c. Equal d. Clipping on both peaks
d. Clipped d
d
18. A Darlington transistor has
13. If the Q point is at the
middle of the dc load line, a. A very low input impedance
clipping will first occur on the b. Three transistors
c. A very high current gain
a. Left voltage swing d. One VBE drop
b. Upward current swing c
c. Positive half cycle of input
d. Negative half cycle of input 19. The ac load line of the
d emitter follower is

14. If an emitter follower has a. The same as the dc load line

VCEQ = 5 V, ICQ = 1 mA, and re = b. Different from the dc load
1 kohm, the maximum peak-to-peak line
unclipped output is c. Horizontal
d. Vertical
a. 1 V b
b. 2 V
c. 5 V 20. If the generator voltage is
d. 10 V 5 mV in an emitter follower, the
b output voltage across the load
is closest to
15. If the load resistance of
an emitter follower is very a. 5 mV
large, the external ac emitter b. 150 mV
resistance equals c. 0.25 V
d. 0.5 V
a. Generator resistance a
b. Impedance of the base
c. DC emitter resistance 21. If the load resistor of Fig.
d. DC collector resistance 12-la in your textbook is
c shorted, which of the following
are different from their normal
16. If an emitter follower has values:
re' = 10 ohm and re = 90 ohm,
the voltage gain is a. Only ac voltages
approximately b. Only dc voltages
c. Both dc and ac voltages
a. 0 d. Neither dc nor ac voltages
b. 0.5 a
c. 0.9
d. 1
22. If R1 is open in an emitter 27. The transistors of a class B
follower, which of these is push-pull emitter follower are
true? biased at or near

a. DC base voltage is Vcc a. Cutoff

b. DC collector voltage is zero b. The center of the dc load
c. Output voltage is normal line
d. DC base voltage is zero c. Saturation
d d. The center of the ac load
line
23. Usually, the distortion in a
an emitter follower is
28. Thermal runaway is
a. Very low
b. Very high a. Good for transistors
c. Large b. Always desirable
d. Not acceptable c. Useful at times
a d. Usually destructive
d
24. The distortion in an emitter
follower is 29. The ac resistance of
compensating diodes
a. Seldom low
b. Often high a. Must be included
c. Always low b. Is usually small enough to
d. High when clipping occurs ignore
d c. Compensates for temperature
changes
25. If a CE stage is direct d. Is very high
coupled to an emitter follower, b
how many coupling capacitors are
there between the two stages? 30. A small quiescent current is
necessary with a class B push-
a. 0 pull amplifier to avoid
b. 1
c. 2 a. Thermal runaway
d. 3 b. Destroying the compensating
a diodes
c. Crossover distortion
26. A Darlington transistor has d. Excessive current drain
a Beta of 8000. If RE = 1 kohm c
and RL = 100 ohm, the input
impedance of the base is closest 31. The zener current in a zener
to follower is

a. 8 kohm a. Equal to the output current

b. 80 kohm b. Smaller than the output
c. 800 kohm current
d. 8 Mohm c. Larger than the output
c current
d. Prone to thermal runaway
b
 1. A JFET
32. In the two-transistor
voltage regulator, the output a. Is a voltage-controlled
voltage device
b. Is a current-controlled
a. Is regulated device
b. Has much smaller ripple than c. Has a low input resistance
the input voltage d. Has a very large voltage gain
c. Is larger than the zener a. Is a voltage-controlled
voltage device
d. All of the above
d 2. A unipolar transistor uses

33. For a class B push-pull a. Both free electrons and holes

emitter follower to work b. Only free electrons
properly, the emitter diodes c. Only holes
must d. Either one or the other, but
not both
a. Be able to control the d. Either one or the other, but
quiescent current not both
b. Have a power rating greater
than the output power 3. The input impedance of a JFET
c. Have a voltage gain of I
d. Match the compensating diodes a. Approaches zero
d b. Approaches one
c. Approaches infinity
34. The maximum efficiency of a d. Is impossible to predict
class B push-pull amplifier is c. Approaches infinity

a. 25 percent 4. The gate controls

b. 50 percent
c. 78.5 percent a. The width of the channel
d. 100 percent b. The drain current
c c. The proportional pinchoff
voltage
d. All the above
35. The ac emitter resistance of d. All the above
an emitter follower
5. The gate-source diode of a
a. Equals the dc emitter JFET should be
resistance
b. Is larger than the load a. Forward-biased
resistance b. Reverse-biased
c. Has no effect on MPP c. Either forward- or reverse-
d. Is usually less than the load biased
resistance d. None of the above
d b. Reverse-biased
6. Compared to a bipolar
transistor, the JFET has a much
higher
Chapter 13
a. Voltage gain
b. Input resistance d. IS
c. Supply voltage c. IDSS
d. Current
b. Input resistance 12. A CS amplifier has a voltage
gain of
7. The pinchoff voltage has the
same magnitude as the a. gmrd
b. gmrs
a. Gate voltage c. gmrs/(l + gmrs)
b. Drain-source voltage d. gmrd/(l + gmrd)
c. Gate-source voltage a. gmrd
d. Gate-source cutoff voltage
d. Gate-source cutoff voltage 13. A source follower has a
voltage gain of
8. When the drain saturation
current is less than IDSS, a a. gmrd
JFET acts like a b. gmrs
c. gmrs/(l + gmrs)
a. Bipolar transistor d. gmrd/(l + gmrd)
b. Current source c. gmrs/(l + gmrs)
c. Resistor
d. Battery
c. Resistor
14. When the input signal is
9. RDS equals pinchoff voltage large, a source follower has
divided by the
a. A voltage gain of less than
a. Drain current one
b. Gate current b. A small distortion
c. Ideal drain current c. A high input resistance
d. Drain current for zero gate d. All of these
voltage d. All of these
d. Drain current for zero gate
voltage 15. The input signal used with a
JFET analog switch should be
10. The transconductance curve
is a. Small
b. Large
a. Linear c. A square wave
b. Similar to the graph of a d. Chopped
resistor a. Small
c. Nonlinear
d. Like a single drain curve 16. A cascode amplifier has the
c. Nonlinear advantage of

11. The transconductance a. Large voltage gain

increases when the drain current b. Low input capacitance
approaches c. Low input impedance
d. Higher gm
a. 0 b. Low input capacitance
b. ID(sat)
c. IDSS
17. VHF stands for frequencies b. Negative feedback
from c. Forward feedback
d. Reverse feedback
a. 300 kHz to 3 MHz b. Negative feedback
b. 3 to 30 MHz
c. 30 to 300 MHz 23. To get a negative gate-
d. 300 MHz to 3 GHz source voltage in a self-biased
c. 30 to 300 MHz JFET circuit, you must have a

18. When a JFET is cut off, the a. Voltage divider

depletion layers are b. Source resistor
c. Ground
a. Far apart d. Negative gate supply voltage
b. Close together b. Source resistor
c. Touching 24. Transconductance is measured
d. Conducting in
c. Touching
a. Ohms
19. When the gate voltage b. Amperes
becomes more negative in an n- c. Volts
channel JFET, the channel d. Mhos or Siemens
between the depletion layers d. Mhos

a. Shrinks 25. Transconductance indicates

b. Expand how effectively the input
c. Conduct voltage controls the
d. Stop conducting
a. Shrinks a. Voltage gain
b. Input resistance
20. If a JFET has IDSS = 10 mA c. Supply voltage
and VP = 2 V, then RDS equals d. Output current
d. Output current
a. 200 ohm
b. 400 ohm
c. 1 kohm
d. 5 kohm
a. 200 ohm
21. The easiest way to bias a
JFET in the ohmic region is with Chapter 14

a. Voltage-divider bias 1. Which of the following

b. Self-bias devices revolutionized the
c. Gate bias computer industry?
d. Source bias
a. Voltage-divider bias a. JFET
b. D-MOSFET
c. E-MOSFET
d. Power FET
c. E-MOSFET
22. Self-bias produces
2. The voltage that turns on an
a. Positive feedback EMOS device is the
 b. An active load
a. Gate-source cutoff voltage c. A passive load
b. Pinchoff voltage d. A switching device
c. Threshold voltage d. A switching device
d. Knee voltage
c. Threshold voltage 8. CMOS stands for
3. Which of these may appear on
the data sheet of an a. Common MOS
enhancement-mode MOSFET? b. Active-load switching
c. p-channel and n-channel
a. VGS(th) devices
b. ID(on) d. Complementary MOS
c. VGS(on) d. Complementary MOS
d. All of the above
d. All of the above 9. VGS(on) is always

4. The VGS(on) of an n-channel a. Less than VGS(th)

E-MOSFET is b. Equal to VDS(on)
c. Greater than VGS(th)
a. Less than the threshold d. Negative
voltage c. Greater than VGS(th)
b. Equal to the gate-source
cutoff voltage 10. With active-load switching,
c. Greater than VDS(on) the upper E-MOSFET is a
d. Greater than VGS(th)
d. Greater than VGS(th) a. Two-terminal device
b. Three-terminal device
5. An ordinary resistor is an c. Switch
example of d. Small resistance
a. Two-terminal device
a. A three-terminal device
b. An active load 11. CMOS devices use
c. A passive load
d. A switching device a. Bipolar transistors
c. A passive load b. Complementary E-MOSFETs
c. Class A operation
d. DMOS devices
b. Complementary E-MOSFETs
6. An E-MOSFET with its gate
connected to its drain is an 12. The main advantage of CMOS
example of is its

a. A three-terminal device a. High power rating

b. An active load b. Small-signal operation
c. A passive load c. Switching capability
d. A switching device d. Low power consumption
b. An active load d. Low power consumption
7. An E-MOSFET that operates at
cutoff or in the ohmic region is 13. Power FETs are
an example of
a. Integrated circuits
a. A current source b. Small-signal devices
c. Used mostly with analog b. An active load
signals c. Nonconducting
d. Used to switch large d. Complementary
currents d. Complementary
d. Used to switch large
currents 19. The high output of a CMOS
inverter is

a. VDD/2
b. VGS
14. When the internal c. VDS
temperature increases in a power d. VDD
FET, the d. VDD

a. Threshold voltage increases 20. The RDS(on) of a power FET

b. Gate current decreases
c. Drain current decreases a. Is always large
d. Saturation current increases b. Has a negative temperature
c. Drain current decreases coefficient
c. Has a positive temperature
15. Most small-signal E-MOSFETs coefficient
are found in d. Is an active load
c. Has a positive temperature
a. Heavy-current applications coefficient
b. Discrete circuits
c. Disk drives
d. Integrated circuits
d. Integrated circuits
Chapter 15
16. Most power FETS are
1. A thyristor can be used as
a. Used in high-current
applications a. A resistor
b. Digital computers b. An amplifier
c. RF stages c. A switch
d. Integrated circuits d. A power source
a. Used in high-current c. A switch
applications 2. Positive feedback means the
returning signal
17. An n-channel E-MOSFET
conducts when it has a. Opposes the original change
b. Aids the original change
a. VGS > VP c. Is equivalent to negative
b. An n-type inversion layer feedback
c. VDS > 0 d. Is amplified
d. Depletion layers b. Aids the original change
b. An n-type inversion layer
3. A latch always uses
18. With CMOS, the upper MOSFET
is a. Transistors
b. Feedback
a. A passive load c. Current
d. Positive feedback b. A gate trigger
d. Positive feedback c. Breakdown
d. Holding current
4. To turn on a four-layer b. A gate trigger
diode, you need

a. A positive trigger
b. low-current drop out
c. Breakover 10. SCRs are
d. Reverse-bias triggering
c. Breakover a. Low-power devices
b. Four-layer diodes
5. The minimum input current c. High-current devices
that can turn on a thyristor is d. Bidirectional
called the c. High-current devices

a. Holding current 11. The usual way to protect a

b. Trigger current load from excessive supply
c. Breakover current voltage is with a
d. Low-current drop out
b. Trigger current a. Crowbar
b. Zener diode
6. The only way to stop a four- c. Four-layer diode
layer diode that is conducting d. Thyristor
is by a. Crowbar

a. A positive trigger 12. An RC snubber protects an

b. Low-current drop out SCR against
c. Breakover
d. Reverse-bias triggering a. Supply overvoltages
b. Low-current drop out b. False triggering
c. Breakover
7. The minimum anode current d. Crowbarring
that keeps a thyristor turned on b. False triggering
is called the
13. When a crowbar is used with
a. Holding current a power supply, the supply needs
b. Trigger current to have a fuse or
c. Breakover current
d. Low-current drop out a. Adequate trigger current
a. Holding current b. Holding current
8. A silicon controlled c. Filtering
rectifier has d. Current limiting
a. Two external leads d. Current limiting
b. Three external leads 14. The photo-SCR responds to
c. Four external leads
d. Three doped regions a. Current
b. Three external leads b. Voltage
c. Humidity
9. A SCR is usually turned on by d. Light
d. Light
a. Breakover
15. The diac is a d. Breakover voltage
a. Transistor b
b. Unidirectional device
c. Three-layer device 21. Any thyristor can be turned
d. Bidirectional device off with
d. Light
a. Breakover
16. The triac is equivalent to b. Forward-bias triggering
c. Low-current drop out
a. A four-layer diode d. Reverse-bias triggering
b. Two diacs in parallel c
c. A thyristor with a gate lead
d. Two SCRs in parallel 22. Exceeding the critical rate
d of rise produces

17. The unijunction transistor a. Excessive power dissipation

acts as a b. False triggering
c. Low-current drop out
a. Four-layer diode d. Reverse-bias triggering
b. Diac b
c. Triac
d. Latch 23. A four-layer diode is
d sometimes called a

a. Unijunction transistor
b. Diac
c. pnpn diode
d. Switch
18. Any thyristor can be turned c
on with
24. A latch is based on
a. Breakover
b. Forward-bias triggering a. Negative feedback
c. Low-current dropout b. Positive feedback
d. Reverse-bias triggering c. The four-layer diode
a d. SCR action
b
19. A Shockley diode is the same
as a

a. four-layer diode
b. SCR
c. diac
d. triac
a

20. The trigger voltage of an

SCR is closest to

a. 0
b. 0.7 V Chapter 16
c. 4 V
1. Frequency response is a graph b. 3 dB
of voltage gain versus c. 6 dB
d. 10 dB
a. Frequency c
b. Power gain
c. Input voltage 7. If the voltage gain is 10,
d. Output voltage the decibel voltage gain is
a
a. 6 dB
2. At low frequencies, the b. 20 dB
coupling capacitors produce a c. 40 dB
decrease in d. 60 dB
b
a. Input resistance
b. Voltage gain 8. If the voltage gain is 100,
c. Generator resistance the decibel voltage gain is
d. Generator voltage
b a. 6 dB
b. 20 dB
3. The stray-wiring capacitance c. 40 dB
has an effect on the d. 60 dB
c
a. Lower cutoff frequency
b. Midband voltage gain 9. If the voltage gain is 2000,
c. Upper cutoff frequency the decibel voltage gain is
d. Input resistance
c a. 40 dB
b. 46 dB
4. At the lower or upper cutoff c. 66 dB
frequency, the voltage gain is d. 86 dB
c
a. 0.35Amid
b. 0.5Amid 10. Two stages have decibel
c. 0.707Amid voltage gains of 20 and 40 dB.
d. 0.995Amid The total ordinary voltage gain
c is

5. If the power gain doubles, a.1

the decibel power gain increases b. 10
by c. 100
d. 1000
a. A factor of 2 d
b. 3 dB
c. 6 dB 11. Two stages have voltage
d. 10 dB gains of 100 and 200. The total
b decibel voltage gain is

6. If the voltage gain doubles, a. 46 dB

the decibel voltage gain b. 66 dB
increases by c. 86 dB
d. 106 dB
a. A factor of 2 c
12. One frequency is 8 times 16. The voltage gain of an
another frequency. How many amplifier decreases 20 dB per
octaves apart are the two decade above 20 kHz. If the
frequencies? midband voltage gain is 86 dB,
what is the
a. 1 ordinary voltage gain at 20 MHz?
b. 2
c. 3 a. 20
d. 4 b. 200
c c. 2000
d. 20,000
13. If f = 1 MHz, and f2 = 10 a
Hz, the ratio f/f2 represents
how many decades?

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4 Chapter 17
d. 5
d 1. Monolithic ICs are

14. Semilogarithmic paper means a. Forms of discrete circuits

b. On a single chip
a. One axis is linear, and the c. Combinations of thin-film and
other is logarithmic thick-film circuits
b. One axis is linear, and the d. Also called hybrid ICs
other is semilogarithmic b
c. Both axes are semilogarithmic
d. Neither axis is linear 2. The op amp can amplify
a
a. AC signals only
15. If you want to improve the b. DC signals only
high-frequency response of an c. Both ac and dc signals
amplifier, which of these would d. Neither ac nor dc signals
you try? c

a. Decrease the coupling 3. Components are soldered

capacitances. together in
b. Increase the emitter bypass
capacitance. a. Discrete circuits
c. Shorten leads as much as b. Integrated circuits
possible. c. SSI
d. Increase the generator d. Monolithic ICs
resistance. a
c
4. The tail current of a diff
amp is

a. Half of either collector

current
b. Equal to either collector c. 2re'
current d. RE
c. Two times either collector a
current
d. Equal to the difference in 9. The input impedance of a diff
base currents amp equals re' times
c
a. 0
5. The node voltage at the top b. RC
of the tail resistor is closest c. RE
to d. 2 times Beta
d
a. Collector supply voltage
b. Zero 10. A dc signal has a frequency
c. Emitter supply voltage of
d. Tail current times base
resistance a. 0
b b. 60 Hz
c. 0 to over 1 MHz
6. The input offset current d. 1 MHz
equals the a

a. Difference between two base 11. When the two input terminals
currents of a diff amp are grounded,
b. Average of two base currents
c. Collector current divided by a. The base currents are equal
current gain b. The collector currents are
d. Difference between two base- equal
emitter voltages c. An output error voltage
a usually exists
d. The ac output voltage is zero
c

12. One source of output error

voltage is
7. The tail current equals the
a. Input bias current
a. Difference between two b. Difference in collector
emitter currents resistors
b. Sum of two emitter currents c. Tail current
c. Collector current divided by d. Common-mode voltage gain
current gain b
d. Collector voltage divided by
collector resistance 13. A common-mode signal is
b applied to

8.The voltage gain of a diff amp a. The noninverting input

with a differential output is b. The inverting input
equal to RC divided by c. Both inputs
d. Top of the tail resistor
a. re' c
b. re'/2
14. The common-mode voltage gain 19. The common-mode rejection
is ratio is

a. Smaller than voltage gain a. Very low

b. Equal to voltage gain b. Often expressed in decibels
c. Greater than voltage gain c. Equal to the voltage gain
d. None of the above d. Equal to the common-mode
a voltage gain
b

20. The typical input stage of

an op amp has a
15. The input stage of an op amp
is usually a a. Single-ended input and
single-ended output
a. Diff amp b. Single-ended input and
b. Class B push-pull amplifier differential output
c. CE amplifier c. Differential input and
d. Swamped amplifier single-ended output
a d. Differential input and
differential output
16. The tail of a diff amp acts c
like a
21. The input offset current is
a. Battery usually
b. Current source
c. Transistor a. Less than the input bias
d. Diode current
b b. Equal to zero
c. Less than the input offset
17. The common-mode voltage gain voltage
of a diff amp is equal to RC d. Unimportant when a base
divided by resistor is used
a
a. re'
b. re'/2 22. With both bases grounded,
c. 2re' the only offset that produces an
d. 2RE error is the
d
a. Input offset current
18. When the two bases are b. Input bias current
grounded in a diff amp, the c. Input offset voltage
voltage across each emitter d. Beta
diode is c

a. Zero
b. 0.7 V
c. The same Chapter 18
d. High
c 1. What usually controls the
open-loop cutoff frequency of an
op amp?
 b. 1 MHz
a. Stray-wiring capacitance c. 1.5 MHz
b. Base-emitter capacitance d. 15 MHz
c. Collector-base capacitance a
d. Compensating capacitance
d 7. The initial slope of a sine
wave is directly proportional to
2. A compensating capacitor
prevents a. Slew rate
b. Frequency
a. Voltage gain c. Voltage gain
b. Oscillations d. Capacitance
c. Input offset current b
d. Power bandwidth
b

3. At the unity-gain frequency,

the open-loop voltage gain is
8. When the initial slope of a
a. 1 sine wave is greater than the
b. Amid slew rate,
c. Zero
d. Very large a. Distortion occurs
a b. Linear operation occurs
c. Voltage gain is maximum
4. The cutoff frequency of an op d. The op amp works best
amp equals the unity-gain a
frequency divided by
9. The power bandwidth increases
a. the cutoff frequency when
b. Closed-loop voltage gain
c. Unity a. Frequency decreases
d. Common-mode voltage gain b. Peak value decreases
b c. Initial slope decreases
d. Voltage gain increases
5. If the cutoff frequency is 15 b
Hz and the midband open-loop
voltage gain is 1,000,000, the 10. A 741C uses
unity-gain frequency is
a. Discrete resistors
a. 25 Hz b. Inductors
b. 1 MHz c. Active-load resistors
c. 1.5 MHz d. A large coupling capacitor
d. 15 MHz c
d
11. A 741C cannot work without
6. If the unity-gain frequency
is 5 MHz and the midband open- a. Discrete resistors
loop voltage gain is 200,000, b. Passive loading
the cutoff frequency is c. Dc return paths on the two
bases
a. 25 Hz d. A small coupling capacitor
c 17. The unity-gain frequency
equals the product of closed-
12. The input impedance of a loop voltage gain and the
BIFET op amp is
a. Compensating capacitance
a. Low b. Tail current
b. Medium c. Closed-loop cutoff frequency
c. High d. Load resistance
d. Extremely high c
d
18. If the unity frequency is 10
13. An LF157A is a MHz and midband open-loop
voltage gain is 1,000,000, then
a. Diff amp the open-loop cutoff frequency
b. Source follower of the op amp is
c. Bipolar op amp
d. BIFET op amp a. 10 Hz
d b. 20 Hz
c. 50 Hz
14. If the two supply voltages d. 100 Hz
are plus and minus 15 V, the MPP a
value of an op amp is closest to
19. The initial slope of a sine
a. 0 wave increases when
b. +15V
c. -15 V a. Frequency decreases
d. 30 V b. Peak value increases
d c. Cc increases
d. Slew rate decreases
15. The open-loop cutoff b
frequency of a 741C is
controlled by 20. If the frequency is greater
than the power bandwidth,
a. A coupling capacitor
b. The output short circuit a. Slew-rate distortion occurs
current b. A normal output signal occurs
c. The power bandwidth c. Output offset voltage
d. A compensating capacitor increases
d d. Distortion may occur
a

21. An op amp has an open base

16. The 741C has a unity-gain resistor. The output voltage
frequency of will be

a. 10 Hz a. Zero
b. 20 kHz b. Slightly different from zero
c. 1 MHz c. Maximum positive or negative
d. 15 MHz d. An amplified sine wave
c c
22. An op amp has a voltage gain b. An input impedance of 2 Mohm
of 500,000. If the output c. An output impedance of 75 ohm
voltage is 1 V, the input d. All of the above
voltage is d

a. 2 microvolts 28. The closed-loop voltage gain

b. 5 mV of an inverting amplifier equals
c. 10 mV
d. 1 V a. The ratio of the input
a resistance to the feedback
resistance
23. A 741C has supply voltages b. The open-loop voltage gain
of plus and minus 15 V. If the c. The feedback resistance
load resistance is large, the divided by the input resistance
MPP value is d. The input resistance
c
a. 0
b. +15 V 29. The noninverting amplifier
c. 27 V has a
d. 30 V
c a. Large closed-loop voltage
24. Above the cutoff frequency, gain
the voltage gain of a 741C b. Small open-loop voltage gain
decreases approximately c. Large closed-loop input
impedance
a. 10 dB per decade d. Large closed-loop output
b. 20 dB per octave impedance
c. 10 dB per octave c
d. 20 dB per decade
d 30. The voltage follower has a

25. The voltage gain of an op a. Closed-loop voltage gain of

amp is unity at the unity
b. Small open-loop voltage gain
a. Cutoff frequency c. Closed-loop bandwidth of zero
b. Unity-gain frequency d. Large closed-loop output
c. Generator frequency impedance
d. Power bandwidth a
b
31. A summing amplifier can have
26. When slew-rate distortion of
a sine wave occurs, the output a. No more than two input
signals
a. Is larger b. Two or more input signals
b. Appears triangular c. A closed-loop input impedance
c. Is normal of infinity
d. Has no offset d. A small open-loop voltage
b gain
b
27. A 741C has

a. A voltage gain of 100,000

 6. The feedback fraction B
Chapter 19
a. Is always less than 1
1. With negative feedback, the b. Is usually greater than 1
returning signal c. May equal 1
d. May not equal 1
a. Aids the input signal c
b. Opposes the input signal
c. Is proportional to output 7. An ICVS amplifier has no
current output voltage. A possible
d. Is proportional to trouble is
differential voltage gain
b a. No negative supply voltage
b. Shorted feedback resistor
2. How many types of negative c. No feedback voltage
feedback are there? d. Open load resistor
b
a. One
b. Two 8. In a VCVS amplifier, any
c. Three decrease in open-loop voltage
d. Four gain produces an increase in
d a. Output voltage
b. Error voltage
3. A VCVS amplifier approximates c. Feedback voltage
an ideal d. Input voltage
b
a. Voltage amplifier
b. Current-to-voltage converter 9. The open-loop voltage gain
c. Voltage-to-current converter equals the
d. Current amplifier
a a. Gain with negative feedback
b. Differential voltage gain of
4. The voltage between the input the op amp
terminals of an ideal op amp is c. Gain when B is 1
d. Gain at funity
a. Zero b
b. Very small
c. Very large 10. The loop gain AOLB
d. Equal to the input voltage
a a. Is usually much smaller than
1
5. When an op amp is not b. Is usually much greater than
saturated, the voltages at the 1
noninverting and inverting c. May not equal 1
inputs are d. Is between 0 and 1
b
a. Almost equal
b. Much different 11. The closed-loop input
c. Equal to the output voltage impedance with an ICVS amplifier
d. Equal to +15 V is
a
a. Usually larger than the open- b. Input voltage to output
loop input impedance current
b. Equal to the open-loop input c. Output voltage to input
impedance voltage
c. Sometimes less than the open- d. Output voltage to input
loop impedance current
d. Ideally zero d
d

12. With an ICVS amplifier, the

circuit approximates an ideal
17. Current cannot flow to
a. Voltage amplifier ground through
b. Current-to-voltage converter
c. Voltage-to-current converter a. A mechanical ground
d. Current amplifier b. An ac ground
b c. A virtual ground
d. An ordinary ground
13. Negative feedback reduces c
the
18. In a current-to-voltage
a. Feedback fraction converter, the input current
b. Distortion flows
c. Input offset voltage
d. Loop gain a. Through the input impedance
b of the op amp
b. Through the feedback resistor
14. A voltage follower has a c. To ground
voltage gain of d. Through the load resistor
b
a. Much less than 1
b. 1 19. The input impedance of a
c. More than 1 current-to-voltage converter is
d. A
b a. Small
b. Large
15. The voltage between the c. Ideally zero
input terminals of a real op amp d. Ideally infinite
is c

a. Zero 20. The open-loop bandwidth

b. Very small equals
c. Very large
d. Equal to the input voltage a. funity
b b. f2(OL)
c. funity/ACL
16. The transresistance of an d. fmax
amplifier is the ratio of its b

a. Output current to input 21. The closed-loop bandwidth

voltage equals
a. funity b. R2 is open
b. f2(OL) c. No input voltage
c. funity/ACL d. Open load resistor
d. fmax b
c
27. An ICVS amplifier has no
22. For a given op amp, which of output voltage. A possible
these is constant? trouble is

a. f2(CL) a. No positive supply voltage

b. Feedback voltage b. Open feedback resistor
c. ACL c. No feedback voltage
d. ACLf2(CL) d. Shorted load resistor
d d

23. Negative feedback does not 28. The closed-loop input

improve impedance in a VCVS amplifier is

a. Stability of voltage gain a. Usually larger than the open-

b. Nonlinear distortion in later loop input impedance
stages b. Equal to the open-loop input
c. Output offset voltage impedance
d. Power bandwidth c. Sometimes less than the open-
d loop input impedance
d. Ideally zero
24. An ICVS amplifier is a
saturated. A possible trouble is

a. No supply voltages
b. Open feedback resistor
c. No input voltage
d. Open load resistor
b

Chapter 20

1. In a linear op-amp circuit,

25. A VCVS amplifier has no the
output voltage. A possible
trouble is a. Signals are always sine waves
b. Op amp does not go into
a. Shorted load resistor saturation
b. Open feedback resistor c. Input impedance is ideally
c. Excessive input voltage infinite
d. Open load resistor d. Gain-bandwidth product is
a constant
b
26. An ICIS amplifier is
saturated. A possible trouble is 2. In an ac amplifier using an
op amp with coupling and bypass
a. Shorted load resistor
capacitors, the output offset b. Noninverting amplifier
voltage is c. Differential amplifier
d. Instrumentation amplifier
a. Zero b
b. Minimum
c. Maximum 8. In a differential amplifier,
d. Unchanged the CMRR is limited mostly by
b
a. CMRR of the op amp
3. To use an op amp, you need at b. Gain-bandwidth product
least c. Supply voltages
d. Tolerance of resistors
a. One supply voltage d
b. Two supply voltages
c. One coupling capacitor 9. The input signal for an
d. One bypass capacitor instrumentation amplifier
a usually comes from
4. In a controlled current
source with op amps, the circuit a. An inverting amplifier
acts like a b. A transducer
c. A differential amplifier
a. Voltage amplifier d. A Wheatstone bridge
b. Current-to-voltage converter d
c. Voltage-to-current converter
d. Current amplifier 10. In the classic three op-amp
c instrumentation amplifier, the
differential voltage gain is
5. An instrumentation amplifier usually produced by the
has a high
a. First stage
a. Output impedance b. Second stage
b. Power gain c. Mismatched resistors
c. CMRR d. Output op amp
d. Supply voltage a
c
11. Guard driving reduces the
6. A current booster on the
output of an op amp will a. CMRR of an instrumentation
increase the short-circuit amplifier
current by b. Leakage current in the
shielded cable
a. ACL c. Voltage gain of the first
b. Beta dc stage
c. funity d. Common-mode input voltage
d. Av b
b 12. In an averaging circuit, the
input resistances are
7. Given a voltage reference of
+2.5 V, we can get a voltage a. Equal to the feedback
reference of +15 V by using a resistance
b. Less than the feedback
a. Inverting amplifier resistance
c. Greater than the feedback b. 0.01%
resistance c. 0.001%
d. Unequal to each other d. 0.0001%
c d

13. A D/A converter is an 18. An input transducer converts

application of the
a. Voltage to current
a. Adjustable bandwidth circuit b. Current to voltage
b. Noninverting amplifier c. An electrical quantity to a
c. Voltage-to-current converter nonelectrical quantity
d. Summing amplifier d. A nonelectrical quantity to
d an electrical quantity
d
14. In a voltage-controlled
current source, 19. A thermistor converts

a. A current booster is never a. Light to resistance

used b. Temperature to resistance
b. The load is always floated c. Voltage to sound
c. A stiff current source drives d. Current to voltage
the load b
d. The load current equals ISC
c

15. The Howland current source

produces a
20. When we trim a resistor, we
a. Unidirectional floating load are
current
b. Bidirectional single-ended a. Making a fine adjustment
load current a. Reducing its value
c. Unidirectional single-ended b. Increasing its value
load current d. Making a coarse adjustment
d. Bidirectional floating load a
current
b 21. A D/A converter with four
inputs has
16. The purpose of AGC is to
a. Two outputs
a. Increase the voltage gain b. Four outputs
when the input signal increases c. Eight outputs
b. Convert voltage to current d. Sixteen outputs
c. Keep the output voltage d
almost constant
d. Reduce the CMRR of the 22. An op amp with a rail-to-
circuit rail output
c
a. Has a current-boosted output
17. 1 ppm is equivalent to b. Can swing all the way to
either supply voltage
a. 0.1% c. Has a high output impedance
d. Cannot be less than 0 V.
b
3. The Q of a narrowband filter
23. When a JFET is used in an is always
AGC circuit, it acts like a
a. small
a. Switch b. equal to BW divided by f0
b. Voltage-controlled current c. less than 1
source d. greater than 1
c. Voltage-controlled resistance d
d. Capacitance
c 4. A bandstop filter is
sometimes called a
24. If an op amp has only a
positive supply voltage, its a. Snubber
output cannot b. Phase shifter
c. Notch filter
a. Be negative d. Time-delay circuit
b. Be zero c
c. Equal the supply voltage
d. Be ac coupled 5. The all-pass filter has
a
a. No passband
b. One stopband
c. the same gain at all
frequencies
d. a fast rolloff above cutoff
Chapter 21 c

1. The region between the 6. The approximation with a

passband and the stopband is maximally-flat passband is
called the
a. Chebyshev
a. Attenuation b. Inverse Chebyshev
b. Center c. Elliptic
c. Transition d. Bessel
d. Ripple b
c
7. The approximation with a
2. The center frequency of a rippled passband is
bandpass filter is always equal
to a. Butterworth
b. Inverse Chebyshev
a. The bandwidth c. Elliptic
b. Geometric average of the d. Bessel
cutoff frequencies c
c. Bandwidth divided by Q
d. 3-dB frequency 8. The approximation that
b distorts digital signals the
least is the

a. Butterworth
b. Chebyshev d. Rippled passband
c. Elliptic c
d. Bessel
d 14. The filter with the slowest
rolloff rate is the
9. If a filter has six second-
order stages and one first-order a. Butterworth
stage, the order is b. Chebyshev
c. Elliptic
a. 2 d. Bessel
b. 6 d
c. 7
d. 13
d 15. A first-order active-filter
stage has
10. If a Butterworth filter has
9 second-order stages, its a. One capacitor
rolloff rate is b. Two op amps
c. Three resistors
a. 20 dB per decade d. a high Q
b. 40 dB per decade a
c. 180 dB per decade
d. 360 dB per decade 16. A first-order stage cannot
d have a

a. Butterworth response
11. If n = 10, the approximation b. Chebyshev response
with the fastest rolloff in the c. Maximally-flat passband
transition region is d. Rolloff rate of 20 dB per
decade
a. Butterworth b
b. Chebyshev
c. Inverse Chebyshev 17. Sallen-Key filters are also
d. Elliptic called
d
a. VCVS filters
12. The elliptic approximation b. MFB filters
has a c. Biquadratic filters
d. State-variable filters
a. Slow rolloff rate compared to a
the Cauer
b. Rippled stopband 18. To build a 10th-order
c. Maximally-flat passband filter, we should cascade
d. Monotonic stopband
b a. 10 first-stage stages
b. 5 second-order stages
13. Linear phase shift is c. 3 third-order stages
equivalent to d. 2 fourth-order stages
b
a. Q = 0.707
b. Maximally-flat stopband
c. Constant time delay
19. To get a Butterworth 24. When Q is greater than 1, a
response with an 8th-order bandpass filter should be built
filter, the stages need to have with

a. Equal Q's a. Low-pass and high-pass stages

b. Unequal center frequencies b. MFB stages
c. Inductors c. Notch stages
d. Staggered Q's d. All-pass stages
d b

20. To get a Chebyshev response 25. The all-pass filter is used

with a 12th-order filter, the when
stages need to have
a. High rolloff rates are needed
a. Equal Q's b. Phase shift is important
b. Equal center frequencies c. A maximally-flat passband is
c. Staggered bandwidths needed
d. Staggered center frequencies d. A rippled stopband is
and Q's important
d b

21. The Q of a Sallen-Key 26. A second-order all-pass

second-order stage depends on filter can vary the output phase
the from

a. Voltage gain a. 90 degrees to -90 degrees

b. Center frequency b. 0 degrees to -180 degrees
c. Bandwidth c. 0 degrees to -360 degrees
d. GBW of the op amp d. 0 degrees to -720 degrees
a c
27. The all-pass filter is
22. With Sallen-Key high-pass sometimes called a
filters, the pole frequency must
be a. Tow-Thomas filter
b. Delay equalizer
a. Added to the K values c. KHN filter
b. Subtracted from the K values d. State-variable filter
c. Multiplied by the K values b
d. Divided by the K values
d 28. The biquadratic filter

a. Has low component sensitivity

23. If BW increases, the b. Uses three or more op amps
c. Is also called Tow-Thomas
a. Center frequency decreases filter
b. Q decreases d. All of the above
c. Rolloff rate increases d
d. Ripples appear in the
stopband 29. The state-variable filter
b
a. Has a low-pass, high-pass,
and bandpass output
b. Is difficult to tune b. A high voltage
c. Has high component c. Either a low or a high
sensitivity voltage
d. Uses less than three op amps d. A sine wave
a c
4. Hysteresis prevents false
30. If GBW is limited, the Q of triggering associated with
the stage will
a. A sinusoidal input
a. Remain the same b. Noise voltages
b. Double c. Stray capacitances
c. Decrease d. Trip points
d. Increase b
d
5. If the input is a rectangular
31. To correct for limited GBW, pulse, the output of an
a designer may use integrator is a

a. A constant time delay a. Sine wave

b. Predistortion b. Square wave
c. Linear phase shift c. Ramp
d. A rippled passband d. Rectangular pulse
b c

6. When a large sine wave drives

a Schmitt trigger, the output is
a

Chapter 22 a. Rectangular wave

b. Triangular wave
1. In a nonlinear op-amp c. Rectified sine wave
circuit, the d. Series of ramps
a. Op amp never saturates a
b. Feedback loop is never opened
c. Output shape is the same as 7.If pulse width decreases and
the input shape the period stays the same, the
d. Op amp may saturate duty cycle
d
a. Decreases
2. To detect when the input is b. Stays the same
greater than a particular value, c. Increases
use a d. Is zero
a
a. Comparator
b. Clamper 8. The output of a relaxation
c. Limiter oscillator is a
d. Relaxation oscillator
a a. Sine wave
b. Square wave
3. The voltage out of a Schmitt c. Ramp
trigger is d. Spike
a. A low voltage b
9. If AOL = 200,000, the closed- 13. A comparator with a trip
loop knee voltage of a silicon point of zero is sometimes
diode is called a

a. 1 uV a. Threshold detector
b. 3.5 uV b. Zero-crossing detector
c. 7 uV c. Positive limit detector
d. 14 uV d. Half-wave detector
b b

10. The input to a peak detector 14. To work properly, many IC

is a triangular wave with a comparators need an external
peak-to-peak value of 8 V and an
average value of 0. The output a. Compensating capacitor
is b. Pullup resistor
c. Bypass circuit
a. 0 d. Output stage
b. 4 V b
c. 8 V
d. 16 V 15. A Schmitt trigger uses
b
a. Positive feedback
b. Negative feedback
c. Compensating capacitors
d. Pullup resistors
a

16. A Schmitt trigger

11. The input voltage to a
positive limiter is a triangular a. Is a zero-crossing detector
wave of 8 V pp and an average b. Has two trip points
value of 0. If the reference c. Produces triangular output
level is 2 V, waves
the output is d. Is designed to trigger on
noise voltage
a. 0 b
b. 2 Vpp
c. 6 Vpp 17. A relaxation oscillator
d. 8 Vpp depends on the charging of a
c capacitor through a

12. The discharging time a. Resistor

constant of a peak detector is b. Inductor
10 ms. The lowest frequency you c. Capacitor
should use is d. Noninverting input
a
a.10 Hz
b.100 Hz 18. A ramp of voltage
c. 1 kHz
d. 10 kHz a. Always increases
c b. Is a rectangular pulse
c. Increases or decreases at a a
linear rate
d. Is produced by hysteresis 24. If the reference voltage is
c zero, the output of an active
positive limiter is
19. The op-amp integrator uses
a. Positive
a. Inductors b. Negative
b. The Miller effect c. Either positive or negative
c. Sinusoidal inputs d. A ramp
d. Hysteresis b
b
25. The output of an active
20. The trip point of a positive clamper is
comparator is the input voltage
that causes a. Positive
b. Negative
a. The circuit to oscillate c. Either positive or negative
b. Peak detection of the input d. A ramp
signal a
c. The output to switch states
d. Clamping to occur 26. The positive clamper adds
c
a. A positive dc voltage to the
21. In an op-amp integrator, the input
current through the input b. A negative dc voltage to the
resistor flows into the input
c. An ac signal to the output
a. Inverting input d. A trip point to the input
b. Noninverting input a
c. Bypass capacitor
d. Feedback capacitor 27. A window comparator
d
a. Has only one usable threshold
b. Uses hysteresis to speed up
22. An active half-wave response
rectifier has a knee voltage of c. Clamps the input positively
d. Detects an input voltage
a. VK between two limits
b. 0.7 V d
c. More than 0.7 V
d. Much less than 0.7 V
d
Chapter 23
23. In an active peak detector,
the discharging time constant is 1 . An oscillator always needs
an amplifier with
a. Much longer than the period
b. Much shorter than the period a. Positive feedback
c. Equal to the period b. Negative feedback
d. The same as the charging time c. Both types of feedback
constant d. An LC tank circuit
a c

2. The voltage that starts an

oscillator is caused by 8. Initially, the loop gain of a
Wien-bridge oscillator is
a. Ripple from the power supply
b. Noise voltage in resistors a. 0
c. The input signal from a b. 1
generator c. Low
d. Positive feedback d. High
b d
3. The Wien-bridge oscillator is
useful 9. A Wien bridge is sometimes
called a
a. At low frequencies
b. At high frequencies a. Notch filter
c. With LC tank circuits b. Twin-T oscillator
d. At small input signals c. Phase shifter
a d. Wheatstone bridge
a
4. A lag circuit has a phase
angle that is 10. To vary the frequency of a
Wien bridge, you can vary
a. Between 0 and +90 degrees
b. Greater than 90 degrees a. One resistor
c. Between 0 and -90 degrees b. Two resistors
d. The same as the input voltage c. Three resistors
c d. One capacitor
b
5. A coupling circuit is a
11. The phase-shift oscillator
a. Lag circuit usually has
b. Lead circuit
c. Lead-lag circuit a. Two lead or lag circuits
d. Resonant circuit b. Three lead or fag circuits
b c. A lead-lag circuit
d. A twin-T filter
6. A lead circuit has a phase b
angle that is
12. For oscillations to start in
a. Between 0 and +90 degrees a circuit, the loop gain must be
b. Greater than 90 degrees greater than 1 when the phase
c. Between 0 and -90 degrees shift around the loop is
d. The same as the input voltage
a a. 90 degrees
b. 180 degrees
7. A Wien-bridge oscillator uses c. 270 degrees
d. 360 degrees
a. Positive feedback d
b. Negative feedback
c. Both types of feedback 13. The most widely used LC
d. An LC tank circuit oscillator is the
 d. One capacitor
a. Armstrong d
b. Clapp
C. Colpitts
d. Hartley 19. Of the following, the one
c with the most stable frequency
is the
14. Heavy feedback in an LC
oscillator a. Armstrong
b. Clapp
a. Prevents the circuit from c. Colpitts
starting d. Hartley
b. Causes saturation and cutoff b
c. Produces maximum output
voltage 20. The material with the
d. Means B is small piezoelectric effect is
b
a. Quartz
15. When Q decreases in a b. Rochelle salts
Colpitts oscillator, the c. Tourmaline
frequency of oscillation d. All the above
d
a. Decreases
b. Remains the same 21. Crystals have a very
c. Increases
d. Becomes erratic a. Low Q
a b. High Q
c. Small inductance
d. Large resistance
b
16. Link coupling refers to
22. The series and parallel
a. Capacitive coupling resonant frequencies of a
b. Transformer coupling crystal are
c. Resistive coupling
d. Power coupling a. Very close together
b b. Very far apart
c. Equal
17. The Hartley oscillator uses d. Low frequencies
a
a. Negative feedback
b. Two inductors 23. The kind of oscillator found
c. A tungsten lamp in an electronic wristwatch is
d. A tickler coil the
b
a. Armstrong
18. To vary the frequency of an b. Clapp
LC oscillator, you can vary c. Colpitts
d. Quartz crystal
a. One resistor d
b. Two resistors
c. Three resistors
24. A monostable 555 timer has a. Pulse width
the following number of stable b. Period
states: c. Duty cycle
d. Space
a. 0 d
b. 1
c. 2 30. When a PLL is locked on the
d. 3 input frequency, the VCO
b frequency

25. An astable 555 timer has the a. Is less than f0

following number of stable b. Is greater than f0
states: c. Equals f0
d. Equals fin
a. 0 d
b. 1
c. 2 31. The bandwidth of the low-
d. 3 pass filter in a PLL determines
a the

26. The pulse width out of a a. Capture range

one-shot multivibrator increases b. Lock range
when the c. Free-running frequency
d. Phase difference
a. Supply voltage increases a
b. Timing resistor decreases Chapter 24
c. UTP decreases
d. Timing capacitance increases 1. Voltage regulators normally
d use
27. The output waveform of a 555
timer is a. Negative feedback
b. Positive feedback
a. sinusoidal c. No feedback
b. triangular d. Phase limiting
c. rectangular a
d. elliptical
c 2. During regulation, the power
dissipation of the pass
28. The quantity that remains transistor equals the collector-
constant in a pulse-width emitter voltage times the
modulator is
a. Base current
a. Pulse width b. Load current
b. Period c. Zener current
c. Duty cycle d. Foldback current
d. Space b
b
3. Without current limiting, a
29. The quantity that remains shorted load will probably
constant in a pulse-position
modulator is a. Produce zero load current
b. Destroy diodes and
transistors 8. If the output of a voltage
c. Have a load voltage equal to regulator varies from 15 to 14.7
the zener voltage V between the minimum and
d. Have too little load current maximum load current, the load
b regulation is

4. A current-sensing resistor is a. 0
usually b. 1%
c. 2%
a. Zero d. 5%
b. Small c
c. Large
d. Open 9. If the output of a voltage
b regulator varies from 20 to 19.8
V when the line voltage varies
5. Simple current limiting over its specified range, the
produces too much heat in the source
regulation is
a. Zener diode
b. Load resistor a. 0
c. Pass transistor b. 1%
d. Ambient air c. 2%
c d. 5%
b
6. With foldback current
limiting, the load voltage 10. The output impedance of a
approaches zero, and the load voltage regulator is
current approaches
a. Very small
a. A small value b. Very large
b. Infinity c. Equal to the load voltage
c. The zener current divided by the load current
d. A destructive level d. Equal to the input voltage
a divided by the output current
a
7. A capacitor may be needed in
a discrete voltage regulator to 11. Compared to the ripple into
prevent a voltage regulator, the ripple
out of a voltage regulator is
a. Negative feedback
b. Excessive load current a. Equal in value
c. Oscillations b. Much larger
d. Current sensing c. Much smaller
c d. Impossible to determine
c

12. A voltage regulator has a

ripple rejection of -60 dB. If
the input ripple is 1 V, the
output ripple is
a. -60 mV c
b. 1 mV
c. 10 mV 17. A current booster is a
d. 1000 V transistor in
b
a. Series with the IC regulator
13. Thermal shutdown occurs in b. Parallel with the IC
an IC regulator if regulator
c. Either series or parallel
a. Power dissipation is too d. Shunt with the load
high b
b. Internal temperature is too
high 18. To turn on a current
c. Current through the device booster, we can drive its base-
is too high emitter terminals with the
d. All the above occur voltage across
b
a. A load resistor
14. If a linear three-terminal b. A zener impedance
IC regulator is more than a few c. Another transistor
inches from the filter d. A current-sensing resistor
capacitor, you may get d
oscillations inside the
IC unless you use 19. A phase splitter produces
two output voltages that are
a. Current limiting
b. A bypass capacitor on the a. Equal in phase
input pin b. Unequal in amplitude
c. A coupling capacitor on the c. Opposite in phase
output pin d. Very small
d. A regulated input voltage c
b
20. A series regulator is an
example of a

15. The 78XX series of voltage a. Linear regulator

regulators produces an output b. Switching regulator
voltage that is c. Shunt regulator
d. Dc-to-dc converter
a. Positive a
b. Negative
c. Either positive or negative 21. To get more output voltage
d. Unregulated from a buck switching regulator,
a you have to

16. The 78XX-12 produces a a. Decrease the duty cycle

regulated output voltage of b. Decrease the input voltage
c. Increase the duty cycle
a. 3 V d. Increase the switching
b. 4 V frequency
c. 12 V c
d. 40 V
22. An increase of line voltage
into a power supply usually a. Input power is low
produces b. Output power is high
c. Little power is wasted
a. A decrease in load resistance d. Input power is high
b. An increase in load voltage c
c. A decrease in efficiency
d. Less power dissipation in the 28. A shunt regulator is
rectifier diodes inefficient because
b
a. It wastes power
b. It uses a series resistor and
23. A power supply with low a shunt transistor
output impedance has low c. The ratio of output to input
power is low
a. Load regulation d. All of the above
b. Current limiting d
c. Line regulation
d. Efficiency 29. A switching regulator is
a considered

24. A zener-diode regulator is a a. Quiet

b. Noisy
a. Shunt regulator c. Inefficient
b. Series regulator d. Linear
c. Switching regulator b
d. Zener follower
a 30. The zener follower is an
example of a
25. The input current to a shunt
regulator is a. Boost regulator
b. Shunt regulator
a. Variable c. Buck regulator
b. Constant d. Series regulator
c. Equal to load current d
d. Used to store energy in a
magnetic field
b

26. An advantage of shunt 31. A series regulator is more

regulation is efficient than a shunt regulator
because
a. Built-in short-circuit
protection a. It has a series resistor
b. Low power dissipation in the b. It can boost the voltage
pass transistor c. The pass transistor replaces
c. High efficiency the series resistor
d. Little wasted power d. It switches the pass
a transistor on and off
c
27. The efficiency of a voltage
regulator is high when
32. The efficiency of a linear 37. In a boost regulator, the
regulator is high when the output voltage is filtered with
a
a. Headroom voltage is low
b. Pass transistor has a high a. Choke-input filter
power dissipation b. Capacitor-input filter
c. Zener voltage is low c. Diode
d. Output voltage is low d. Voltage divider
a b

33. If the load is shorted, the 38. The buck-boost regulator is

pass transistor has the least also
power dissipation when the
regulator has a. A step-down regulator
b. A step-up regulator
a. Foldback limiting c. An inverting regulator
b. Low efficiency d. All of the above
c. Buck topology d
d. A high zener voltage
a

34. The dropout voltage of

standard monolithic linear
regulators is closest to

a. 0.3 V
b. 0.7 V
c. 2 V
d. 3.1 V
c

35. In a buck regulator, the

output voltage is filtered with
a

a. Choke-input filter
b. Capacitor-input filter
c. Diode
d. Voltage divider
a

36. The regulator with the

highest efficiency is the

a. Shunt regulator
b. Series regulator
c. Switching regulator
d. Dc-to-dc converter
c