Manual verification of calculation of crack-width

Pile Type : P5

Pile diameter (D): 800 mm

Compressive force: 2050 kN

Moment: 687 kN-m

Fcu: 40 MPa

Fy: 460 MPa

Es: 200000 MPa

Ec: (20+0.2x40) = 14000 MPa

Modular ratio (m) = 200000/14000 = 14.28

Main Reinforcement: 21T20

Diameter of ties: T10

Cover to main reinforcement: 75 mm

Distance of concrete surface to centroid of main bars: 75+10+20/2 = 95 mm

Spacing of vertical bars: x(800-95x2)/21 = 91.26 mm c/c

Area of reinforcement: x202/4*21 = 6597 mm2

Radius of centroid of reinforcing bars = 800/2-95 = 305 mm

d= =800-95 = 705 mm

Assumed neutral axis from most compressed fiber: 398 mm

The assumed Neutral Axis would be verified later

= cos-1(2/400) = 89.71352 degrees = 1.565796 radians

= 2x = 179.4270398 degrees = 3.1315926 radians

Area of un-cracked section = x8002/4x179.4270398/360-(2x400 x Sin(89.71352)/2)x2 = 249727 mm2

Xc: Distance of c.g. of uncracked section from center of pile = 4R/3x(Sin3/( -Sin )
= 4x400/3x(Sin389.71352/(3.1315926-Sin(179.4270398)) = 170.846 mm
Where R is radius of pile

Iyy: Moment of Inertia about pile center

= R4/8x(-Sin + 2 Sin xSin2 )
=4004/8x(3.1315926-sin(179.4270398) + Sin(179.4270398)xSin2 (89.71352)
=10053094325 mm4

Icc: Moment of Inertia of un-cracked segment about its centroid:

=10053094325-249727x170.8462
= 2763973812 mm4
Aeff = 249727 + (14.28-1)x6597 = 337335 mm2

Eccentricity (e) = M/P = 687/2050 = 0.3351 m = 335.1 mm

e = Distance from pile centroid to c.g. of un-cracked section with reinforcement

=249727x170.846/337335 = 126.47 mm

Distance from c.g. effective to assumed neutral axis = 126.47-2 = 124.47 mm (this value shall be verified
later to validate the assumed neutral axis)

e-e = 335.1-126.47 = 208.63 mm

Ieff: Moment of Inertia of transformed section about the c.g. of un-cracked section with reinforcement
= 2763973812+249727x(170.846-126.47)2+( 14.28-1)x6597x3052/2+( 14.28-1)x6597x124.47
=8731880910 mm4

Distance of neutral axis below c.g. effective

=8731880910/(337335x208.63) = 124.07 mm
This value is nearly same as was calculated with assumed neutral axis. And, hence, assumed neutral axis
is OK.

Maximum tensile stress in steel:

mxP/Aeff mxPx(e-e)x(d-D/2+e)/Ieff
=14.28x2050x1000/337335 - 14.28x2050x(208.63)x(705-800/2+126.47)/ 8731880910
= 86.780 301.79
=215 MPa

steel = 215/200000 = 0.001075

1= 0.001075x(800-398)/(800-398-95)
= 0.001407

Area of reinforcement in tensile zone = 6597x(360-179.4270398)/360

= 3309 mm2

Perimeter of reinforcement in tensile zone:

= x705x(360-179.4270398)/360
= 961 mm

Area of tensile reinforcement per mm:

=3309/961
=3.44 mm/m

Centroid of tensile reinforcement from centroid of pile:

=2x3.44x3052/2xSin(89.71352)/ 3309
193.41 mm
=(x8002/4)/(200000x3309)
=0.000759

m = 1= 2 = 0.001407 - 0.000759 = 0.000648

acr = ((92/2)2 + 952) 20/2

= 95.55 mm

=3x95.55x0.000648/(1+2x(95.55-75)/(800-398)
=0.17 mm <0.20 mm
OK