IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY: WEEK 1
1500) developed a custom of
Romie Solacito, MLS3C
INTRODUCTION
Pathogens: Fungi, Parasite, Bacteria, Virus, Carcinogen,
& Pollution
Two Types of Immune System
1. Innate/Natural do not possess immunologic
process; non-specific.
2. Adaptive/Acquired Possess immunologic
memory; specific.
Immunology the study of a hosts reaction when
foreign substance are introduced into the body; the
medically related consequences that arise when
these mechanisms either fail or respond in an
exaggerated form; eliminate non-self-components
such as infectious agents
Antigen a foreign substance that induces such as
immune response.
Immunogens initiate/elicit immune response.
Immunological Tolerance the failure to mount an
immune response to an antigen. This is the failure (a
good thing to attack the bodys own protein and
other antigens).
Immunity condition being resistant to infection.
SIGNIFICANT MILESTONES
Thucydides described a phenomenon where
individual who recovered from a certain diseases
contracted with the same disease again.
Role of Smallpox - Variola in the development of
Immunology
Smallpox- caused by two virus variants:
o Variola Major serious form of smallpox
o Variola Minor mild form of smallpox
(a.k.a. Alastrim, Cuban itch, cottonpox,
milkpox, whitepox).
The term Smallpox was first used in Europe in
the 15th Century to distinguish first from the
greatpox/syphilis causative agent:
Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum.
Variolation exposure to a material coming
from a manifested material of infection/disease
(example: smallpox lesion).
Chinese (A.D.
inhaling powdered crust from smallpox lesion.
1718, Lady Mary Wortly Montague (wife of
British Ambassador to Turkey) introduced
variolation to Europe; inserting smallpox lesion
under the skin.
Further refinements did not occur until the late
1700s English doctor discovered a remarkable
relationship
Edward Jenner (1700s) Introduce the Cross-
Immunity. It is a phenomenon in which exposure
to one agent produces protection against
another agents.
o Cowpox (mild in cow) and Smallpox has
the same antigenic structure.
May 14, 1796, Inoculated matter from cowpox
lesion to an 8-year-old boy, James Phipps. The
boy developed cowpox infection (mild form)
the next day the boy gets better.
July 1796 Jenner inoculated with matter from
fresh smallpox lesion no disease developed.
Vaccination from the Latin word vacca
means cow. Injection of cellular material to
induce immunity.
Louis Pasteur (Father of Immunology)
Attenuation, achieve by heating. To change; to
weaken = antigen.
Develop vaccines against:
o Chicken Cholera
o Rabies
o Anthrax causative agent: Bacillus
anthracis.
Variolation & Vaccination these two
procedures were successful in decreasing
smallpox mortality. World Health Organization
declared its totality eradication in 1979.
Cellular Immunity vs. Humoral Immunity
Elie Metchnikoff (1880-1900) phagocytosis eating
cells; macrophage and microphage (Cellular
Immunity)
o Phagocytosis a process of which a cell
leukocytes is capable of engulfing or eating
another cells
 Fathering the whole concept of Cellular Phagocytic
Theory of Immunity
Emil Von Behring & Shibasaburo Kitasato (1890)
antibodies (Humoral Immunity), protective factors in
the blood and other body fluids. From Plasma Cells
from B-Cells, Specific factor; acts only to a certain
antigen.
Almoth Wright Cellular & Humoral Immunity

CELLULAR IMMUNITY V HUMORAL IMMUNITY

Cellular Immunity Immune Cells:

o White Blood Cells (BENML)
o Dendritic Cells
o NK Cells
o Mast Cells
Basophil histamine
Eosinophil parasitic reaction
Neutrophil bacteria reaction
Monocyte & Leukocyte virus & fungi
Humoral Immunity Immune response involving
antibodies (Ab).

THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

It is composed of wide array of cells, soluble
molecules, & tissues with the following
characteristics:
o Specificity
o Memory
o Mobility
o Replicability
o Cooperation between different cells or cellular
products
T-Cells use for the antigen presentation, the one
who releases lymphokines. Primary Role:
Surveillance and destruction of substances that are
foreign to the body (tolerance).
Two Categories of Immune System:
o Innate Immunity natural and non-specific
o Adaptive Immunity acquired and specific