Anna University, Chennai 600 025

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI -600 025

B.E/B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATIONS NOV/DEC 2014
(B.E. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING)
SEVENTH SEMESTER
REGULATIONS : R-2008
EE2404- Power System Simulation Laboratory

Time 3 Hours Max: 100 Marks

1. A three phase transmission line has a per phase series impedance of 0.05 0.7 km
and per phase shunt admittance of 7 10 siemens km. The line is 250 km long.
Obtain ABCD parameters of the transmission line. The line is sending 400 and 8
at 350 kV. Use medium T model.

a) Determine the value of .

b) Determine the voltage and current at receiving end and also compute voltage regulation and
efficiency

c) Verify the results using available program.

Aim & Circuit Manual Program Results Viva- Total

diagram of T model Calculation (30) (10) voce (100)
(15) (35) (10)
2. A three phase transposed line composed of one ACSR, 143000 , 477 Bobolink
conductors per phase with flat horizontal spacing of 11 between phases A and B, between
phases B and C. The conductors have a diameter of 4 cm and a geometric mean radius of 2
. The line is to be replaced by a three conductor bundle of ACSR, 477000
, 267Hawk conductors having the same cross sectional area of aluminum as the single
conductor line. The conductors have a diameter of 2.3 cm and a geometric mean radius of 1
cm. The new line will also have flat horizontal configuration, but it is to be operated at a
higher voltage and therefore the spacing is increased to 13 as measured from the center of
the bundles. The spacing between the conductors in the bundle is 40 .

a) Determine the capacitance and inductance per phase per km of the above two lines.

b) Determine the percentage change in inductance and capacitance in the bundle conductor
system

c) Verify the results using available program.

Aim & Circuit diagram Manual Program Results Viva-voce Total

(15) Calculation (30) (35) (10) (10) (100)
3. A Four bus system is shown in figure 3.1.

1 2
100km

110km 150km 100km

120km
3 4

Figure 3.1 Four Bus System

All transmission lines are characterized by a series impedance of 0.1 0.7 km and a shunt
admittance of 0.35 10 mho km. Lines are rated at 220 kV. Use the values of 220 kV and
100 as base values.

a) Express impedances and admittances in per unit.

b) Compute the bus admittance matrix.

c) Verify the results with the available program.

Aim Manual Program Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) (10) (10) (100)
4. The figure 4.1 shows the one line diagram of a four bus system. Table 4.1 gives the
transmission line data of the system shown in figure 4.1.

1 2

3 4

Figure 4.1 Four bus System

Table 4.1 Transmission line data for the four bus system

Line ID Sending Receiving Resistance Reactance Half line charging Rating

Bus Bus in per unit in per unit susceptance in per MVA
unit
1 1 3 0.05 0.15 0 55

2 1 4 0.10 0.30 0 65

3 3 4 0.15 0.45 0 45

4 2 4 0.10 0.30 0 40

5 1 2 0.05 0.15 0 55

a) Compute bus admittance matrix assuming the line shown dotted is not connected.

b) What modification needs to be carried out to bus admittance matrix if the line shown dotted is
connected?

c) Verify the results with the available program.

Aim Manual Program Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) (10) (10) (100)
5) For the system shown in figure 5.1 compute the bus impedance matrix using Z-bus building
algorithm. Neglect the resistance of the lines and the reactances of the lines are indicated in
per unit in figure 5.1 on a 100 MVA base.
0.1j
1 2

0.25j 0.25j

0.1j 0.1j

Figure 5.1. Three bus system

Aim Manual Program Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) (10) (10) (100)
6) For the three bus system shown in figure 6.1 the relevant per unit line admittances on 100
MVA base are indicated on the diagram. Form bus admittance matrix and determine the
voltage at bus 2 and bus 3 after the second iteration using Gauss Siedel method. Assume
acceleration factor as 1.6. Use available software and print the output of the load flow
problem. Using the voltage solution of the converged power flow obtained from the available
program compute the sending end and receiving end line flow in each of the transmission line.
Solve the power flow problem using the available program for different value of acceleration
factors and plot the convergence characteristics.

1 2

V1=1.02p.u j3mho

25MW+j15MVAR
Slack
Generator j4mho j5 mho

50MW+j25MVAR

60MW+j30MVAR

Fig 6.1 Three bus System

Aim Manual Program Convergence Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) Plot (5) (5) (10) (100)
7. For the three bus system shown in figure 7.1 the relevant per unit line admittances on 100
MVA base are indicated on the diagram. Form bus admittance matrix and determine the
voltage at bus 2 and bus 3 after the second iteration using Gauss Siedel method. Assume
acceleration factor as 1.6. Use available software and print the output of the load flow
problem. Using the voltage solution of the converged power flow obtained from the available
program compute the sending end and receiving end line flow in each of the transmission line.
Solve the power flow problem using the available program for different value of acceleration
factors and plot the convergence characteristics.

1 2

V1=1.03p.u j4 mho

25MW+j15MVAR
Slack
Generator j5mho j3 mho

30MW+j5MVAR

50MW+j20MVAR
Fig 7.1 Three bus System

Aim Manual Program Convergence Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) Plot (5) (5) (10) (100)
8. For the power system shown in figure 8.1

(i) Perform two iteration of N-R method using flat start and obtain the complex voltage
at bus 2.

(ii) Using the solution determine the real and reactive power mismatch at bus 2

(iii) Compute real and reactive power flow in the transmission line

(iv) Compute the line losses

(v) Obtain the slack bus generation

(vi) Verify the results with available software.

1 2

V1=1.02p.u 75MW
Slack 0.02+j0.06p.u +j30MVAR
Generator

j0.03p.u j0.03p.u
50MW
150MW+
+j30MVAR
j90MVAR
Figure 8.1 Two bus system

Aim Manual Program Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) (10) (10) (100)
9. For the power system shown in figure 9.1

(i) Perform two iteration of N-R method using flat start and obtain the complex voltage
at bus 2.

(ii) Using the solution determine the real and reactive power mismatch at bus 2

(iii) Compute real and reactive power flow in the transmission line

(iv) Compute the line losses

(v) Obtain the slack bus generation

(vi) Verify the results with available software.

1 2

V1=1.03p.u 75MW
Slack 0.01+j0.05p.u +j30MVAR
Generator

j0.02p.u j0.02p.u
50MW
100MW+
+j30MVAR
J60MVAR
Figure 9.1 Two bus system

Aim Manual Program Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) (10) (10) (100)
10. For the power system shown in figure 10.1

(i) Perform two iteration of Fast Decoupled Power Flow using flat start and obtain the
complex voltage at bus 2.

(ii) Using the solution determine the real and reactive power mismatch at bus 2

(iii) Compute real and reactive power flow in the transmission line

(iv) Compute the line losses

(v) Obtain the slack bus generation

(vi) Verify the results with available software.

1 2

V1=1.02p.u 75MW
Slack 0.02+j0.06p.u +j30MVAR
Generator

j0.03p.u j0.03p.u
50MW
150MW+
+j30MVAR
j90MVAR
Figure 10.1 Two bus system

Aim Manual Program Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) (10) (10) (100)
11. Consider the power system shown in figure 11.1 in which a synchronous generator supplies
a synchronous motor. The motor is operating at rated voltage and rated MVA while drawing
a load current at a power factor of 0.9 (lag) when a three phase symmetrical fault occurs at
its terminals. Calculate the fault current that flow both from the generator and the motor.
Verify the results with the available software.

j10ohms

X=0.1p.u. X=0.1p.u. X=0.2p.u.

X=0.2p.u.
50MVA 50MVA 25MVA
50MVA
20kV/66kV 20kV/66kV 18kV
20kV

Figure 11.1 A generator supplying a motor load through a transmission line

Aim Manual Program Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) (10) (10) (100)
12. Consider the network shown in figure 12.1. For a line to ground fault at bus 2, determine the
fault current and MVA at faulted bus, post fault voltages, fault current distribution in
different elements of the network. Draw a single line diagram showing the above results.
Check the results obtained using available software.

Figure 12.1 Four bus system

: 100 , 20 , 20%; 4%

20
, : 100 , ; 8%
345
: 15%; 50% 100

: 100 , 20 , 20%; 4%; 5%

Aim Manual Program Single line Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) diagram (5) (5) (10) (100)
13. Consider the system in which generator is connected to an infinite bus through a double
circuit transmission line as shown in figure 13.1. The per unit system reactances that are
converted in a common base, are also shown in figure 13.1. Assume the infinite bus voltage
as 1 0 . . The generator is delivering 1.0 p.u. real power at a lagging power factor of
0.98 to the infinite bus. While the generator is operating in steady state, a three phase bolted
short circuit occurs in the transmission line as shown in figure 13.1 very near to bus 4.
Assume 3.5 . The fault is cleared by opening the circuit breakers at
the two ends of the line. Find the critical clearing time.

Figure 13.1 Four bus System

Aim Manual Program Critical Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) Clearing time (5) (5) (10) (100)
14. Consider the system in which generator is connected to an infinite bus through a double
circuit transmission line as shown in figure 14.1. The per unit system reactances that are
converted in a common base, are also shown in figure 14.1. Assume the infinite bus voltage
as 1 0 . . The generator is delivering 1.0 p.u. real power at a lagging power factor of
0.95 to the infinite bus. While the generator is operating in steady state, a three phase bolted
short circuit occurs in the transmission line as shown in figure 14.1 very near to bus 4.
Assume 4 . The fault is cleared by opening the circuit breakers at the
two ends of the line. Find the critical clearing time.

Figure 14.1 Four bus System

Aim Manual Program Critical Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) Clearing time (5) (5) (10) (100)
15. It is proposed to simulate using the software available the load frequency dynamics of a
single area power system whose data are given below:

Rated capacity of the area=2000MW

Normal operating load=1000 MW

Nominal Frequency=50Hertz

Inertia constant of the area=5 seconds

Governor droop= 4%

Governor time constant =0.08 Seconds

Turbine time constant=0.3 seconds

Assume linear load frequency characteristics. The area has a governor control but not a load
frequency controller. The area is subjected to a load increase of 20 MW.

a) Simulate the load-frequency dynamics of this area using available software and check the
following

i) Steady State frequency deviation in Hertz. Compare with the manual calculation

ii) Plot the time response of frequency deviation in hertz and change in turbine power in
p.u. MW.

iii) Implement a suitable control to minimize the error.

Aim Manual Simulation Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) (10) (10) (100)
16. Simulate a load frequency dynamics of a two area power system. Both the areas are identical
and the system parameters are given below.

Rated capacity of the area=2000MW

Normal operating load=1000 MW

Nominal Frequency=50Hertz

Inertia constant of the area=5 seconds

Governor droop= 4%

Governor time constant =0.08 Seconds

Turbine time constant=0.3 seconds

Assume that the tie line has a capacity of 200 MW and is operating at a power angle of thirty
degrees. Assume that both the areas do not have load frequency controller. Area 2 is subjected to
a load increase of 20 MW.

a) Simulate the load-frequency dynamics of this area using available software and check the
following

i) Steady State frequency deviation in Hertz and tie line flow deviation in p.u.MW.
Compare with the manual calculation

ii) Plot the time response of frequency deviation in hertz.

iii) Implement a suitable control to minimize the error.

Aim Manual Simulation Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) (10) (10) (100)
17. In a four bus system the generating units connected at buses 1 and 2 are supplying a total
demand of 500MW connected at buses 3 and 4. The generating unit 1 and 2 have an
incremental fuel cost in dollars per megawatt hour as given below

0.008 8.0; 0.0096 6.4

Generation limits:

50 500

40 400

Calculate the economic loading of each unit to meet a total customer load of 500 MW. What
is the system and what is the transmission loss of the system? Determine the penalty factor
for each unit and incremental fuel cost at each generating bus. Verify the results with
available software. Also calculate the decrease in production costs of the two plants when the
system load is reduced from 500MW to 430 MW. Assume that the loss coefficients at the
specified load level of 500 MW in per unit on a 100 MVA base are given below

2
8.383 0.049 0.375
2 0.049 5.963 0.195 10
0.375 0.195 0.090
2 2

Aim Manual Program Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) (10) (10) (100)
18. Determine the economic generation schedule of three generating units in a power system to
meet the system load of 850 MW. The data of the generating units are given below:

Operating limits:

150 600

100 400

50 200

Production cost function in 10 RS/h

0.00128 6.48 459

0.00194 7.85 310

0.00428 7.97 78

Neglect transmission loss.

Aim Manual Program Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) (10) (10) (100)
19. Determine the economic generation schedule of three generating units in a power system to
meet the system load of 450 MW. The data of the generating units are given below:

Operating limits:

150 600

100 400

50 200

Production cost function in 10 RS/h

0.00128 6.48 459

0.00194 7.85 310

0.00428 7.97 78

Neglect transmission loss.

Aim Manual Program Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Calculation (35) (35) (10) (10) (100)
 20. Prepare the data for the network given in figure 20.1 and run EMTP. Obtain the plots of
source voltage, load bus voltage and load current following the energisation of a single phase
load. Double the source inductance and obtain the plots of the variables mentioned earlier.

6mH 2mH 0.05ohm 6mH

SRC BUS1 BUS12 BUS13S BUS13L

0.81 0.81
19.72mH
micro micro
56.34
farad farad 22ohm
coswt

Figure 20.1: Energisation of 0.95 power factor load

Aim Data Simulation Results Viva-voce Total

(10) Preparation (35) (35) (10) (10) (100)