1.

1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
1.1.1 HARDWARE CONFIGURATION

Hardware requirements

Processor : Pentium IV

Speed : Above 500 MHz

RAM capacity : 2 GB

Hard disk drive : 80 GB

Key Board : Samsung 108 keys

Mouse : Logitech Optical Mouse

Printer : DeskJet HP

Motherboard : Intel

Cabinet : ATX

Monitor : 17 Samsung

Software configuration

Operating System : Windows XP and above

Front end used : java, j2ee

Back End : My sql

& software
Wireless sensor network:

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to

monitor physical or environmental conditions (i.e. temperature, sound, vibration, pressure,
humidity etc) and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. The
more modern network is bi-directional, also control of sensor activity, enabling. The WSN is
built of few to several hundreds or even thousands of sensors of nodes, where each node is
connected to one (or sometimes several) sensors. Each sensor network node has typically several
parts: a radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an external antenna, a
microcontroller, an electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors and an energy source(i.e.
battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting). The topology of the WSNs, from a simple
star network to an advanced multi-hop wireless mesh network can vary. The propagation
technique between the hops of the network can be routing or flooding. A wireless sensor network
is made up of three components: Sensors Nodes, Task Manager Node (User) and Interconnect
Backbone, as shown in Fig.1 below.

Routing Protocols in WSN

Routing in wireless sensor networks differs from conventional routing in fixed

networks in various ways. There is no infrastructure, wireless links are unreliable, sensor
nodes may fail, and routing protocols have to meet strict energy saving requirements [5].
Many routing algorithms were developed for wireless networks in general. All major
routing protocols proposed for WSNs may be divided into seven categories as shown in
Table 1. We review sample routing protocols in each of the categories in preceding sub-
sections.

Location-based Protocols In location-based protocols, sensor nodes are addressed

by means of their locations. Location information for sensor nodes is required for sensor
networks by most of the routing protocols to calculate the distance between two
particular nodes so that energy consumption can be estimated. In this section, we present
a sample of location-aware routing protocols proposed for WSNs.