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Chapter 4 - SHEAR AND TORSION IN BEAMS SOLUTION

1.

Shear strength provided by concrete:

= (1/6) d = (1/6) 24 (320)(570)

= 148.929 kN

= 0.85(148.929) = 126.59kN
1
= 63.295kN
2

(2/3) d = 595.716kN

(1/3) d = 297.858kN

= 2 x 4 (10)2 = 157.08 2

1
a) = 50kN < 2 Beam section capable to carry the required shear.
b) = 90kN
1
is less than but less than 2 , minimum area of the shear reinforced
is required.

Maximum stirrup spacing, 1 = d/2 = 285 mm


=
3

3 3(157.08)(275)
2 = = = 405
320

Use s = 285

c) = 130 kN >

130
= = 148.929
0.85

= 4.012 kN < (2/3)

157.08(275)(570)
= =
4,012

s= 6,136mm

Maximum s = d/2 [since is less than (1/3) ]

Maximum s= 570/2 = 285 mm

Use 10 mm vertical U-stirrups at 285 mm on centers


) = 290 kN

290
= = 148.929
0.85

= 192.247 kN < (2/3)

157.08(275)(570)
= =
192,247
s = 128 mm
Maximum s = d/2 [since is less than (1/3) ]
Maximum s = 570/2 = 285 mm

Use 10 mm vertical U-stirrups at 128 mm on centers.

) = 360 kN

360
= = 148.929
0.85
= 276.6 kN < (2/3)

157.08(275)(570)
= =
276,400
s = 90 mm
Maximum s = d/2 [since is less than (1/3) ]
Maximum s = 570/2 = 385 mm

Use 10 mm vertical U-stirrups at 90 mm on centers.

) = 570 kN

570
= = 148.929
0.85
= 521.659 kN < (2/3)

157.08(275)(570)
= =
276,400
s = 47 mm
Maximum s = d/4 [since is less than (1/3) ]
Maximum s = 570/4 = 142.5 mm

Use 10 mm vertical U-stirrups at 47 mm on centers.


2.

Weight of beam = b h = 24(0.3)(0.6) = 4.32 kN/m

Total dead load, = 4.32 + 8 = 12.32 kN/m

Live load, = 20 kN/m



= 2 x = 2 x 4 (102 ) = 157.08 2

a) 2010 NSCP
Shear strength provided by concrete (simplified calculation)
= 0.17 = 0.17(1)21 (300)(520)
= 121.53kN

Factored shear at critical section:

Factored load, = 1.2(12.36) + 1.6(20) = 46.784 kN/m

1 1
R = 2 L = 2 (46.784)(9) = 210.528 kN/m

= d

= 210.528 46.784(0.52) = 186.2 kN

= ( + )

186.2 = 0.75 (121.53 + )

= 126.737kN

Limiting value of = 0.66 d = 471.8 kN > 126.737 kN

157.08(275)(520)
= =
126,737

s = 177.24 mm

Maximum spacing:

0.33 d = 235.911 kN

< 235.911 kN, = d/2= 260 mm or 600 mm

Thus, use s = 177 mm


a. 2001 NSCP

Shear strength provided by concrete (simplified calculation)

1 1
= = 21(300)(0.52)
6 6

= 119.147 kN

Factored shear at critical section:

Factored load, = 1.4(12.32) + 1.7(20) = 51.248 kN/m

1 1
R = 2 L = 2 (51.248)(9) = 230.616 kN/m

= d

= 230.616 51.248(0.52) = 203.967 kN

= ( + )

203.967 = 0.85 (119.147 + )

= 120.814kN

1
Limiting value of = 2 d = 476.588 kN > 120.814 kN

157.08(275)(520)
= =
120,814

s = 186 mm

Maximum spacing:

1
d = 238.294 kN
2

< 238.294 kN, = d/2= 260 mm or 600 mm

Thus, use s = 186 mm


3.

Effective depth, d = 490 65 = 425 mm

Gross area, Ag = 280 (490) = 137,200 2

a) The beam is subject to shear and flexure only

= 0.17
= 0.17(1)21(280)(425)
= 92.705 kN

b) The beam is subjected to axial compressive force of 124 kN


= 0.17 (1 + )
14
124,000
= 0.17 (1 + ) (1)(280)(425)
14(137000
= 215.38 kN
4.

= 2 (102 ) = 157.082
4
a) 2010 NSCP

= 1.2 + 1.6 = 1.2(126) + 1.6(138) = 372 kN

= 0.17 = 0.17(1)21(300)(580)
= 135.553 kN

375
= = = 496
0.75

= +
496 = 135.553 +
= 360.447 kN

157.08(275)(580)
=
360,447

s = 69.5 mm

Maximum spacing:

0.33 d = 263.13 kN

= 360.447 kN

Since >0.33 d = 263.13 kN


= = 145 300
4

Required spacing = 69.5 mm

a. 2001 NSCP

= 1.4 + 1.7
= 1.4(126) + 1.7(138)
= 411 kN
1
=
6
1
= 6 21(300)(580)
= 132.895 kN

411
= = = 483.529
0.85

= +
483.529 = 132.895 +
= 350.635 kN

157.08(275)(580)
=
350,635

s = 71.45 mm
5.

Effective depth, d = 470 60 = 410 mm


Gross area, Ag = 260 (470) = 122200 2

a The beam is subject to shear and flexure only

= 0.17
= 0.17(1)21(260)(410)
= 83.045 kN

b The beam is subjected to axial compressive force of 80 kN


= 0.17 (1 + )
14
80,000
= 0.17 (1 + ) (1)(260)(410)
14(122,200
= . kN
6.

Using the 2010 NSCP


= 0.75
= 0.17
= 0.17(1)25(305)(590)
= 152.958 kN

= 114.718kN Pu=1.2(110)+1.6(140)
0.66 =593.835kN
0.33 =296.981kN
= 1.2 + 1.6 Wu=1.2(30)+1.6(34)
Wu=90.4kN
= 1.2 + 1.6 Pu=1.2(110)+1.6(140)
= 356

=0 3 =90.4(3)(3/2)+356(2.5)
=432.267kN
( )
""
Support, the maximum shear shall be taken at the face of support.
= =432.267kN
432.267
= ( )- = ( )-152.958
0.75
=432.398kN<593.835kN(OK)

235.62(275)(590)
= = or< d/4 s=
423.398
=90.30mm<d/4 ok
=90mm

Using the 2001 NSCP;


= 0.85
= 1/6 = 1/625(305)(590)
=149.958k
=127.456kN
2/3 =599.833kN 1/3 =299.917kN

= 1.4 + 1.7 = 1.4(30) + 1.7(34)


=99.80kN
= 1.4 + 1.7 = 1.4(110) + 1.7(140)
=392kN
=0 3 =99.8(3)(3/2)+392(2.5)
=476.367kN
( )
""
the support, the maximum shear shall be taken at the face of support.

= =476.367k
476.367
= ( )- = ( )-149.958
0.85

=410.473kN<599.833kN(OK

235.62(275)(590)
= = or< d/4 s=
410.473

S=98mm<d/4 ok

Use s=93mm
9.

= 1.2 + 1.6 = 1.2(60) + 1.6(40)

= 136

= 1.2 + 1.6 = 1.2(10) + 1.6(80)

= 140

= + = 270(460)

= 1242002

=1572 (10mm vertical U-stirrup)

.59
=0.17(1 + )

= 0.85

.59(140000)
=0.17 (1 + ) (0.85)25(270)(410)
124200

=53.836kN = 0.75(53.836)=40.377

0.66 =365.31kN 0.33 = 182.655

136
= ( )- =0.75-53.836

=127.429kN<365.31kN

157(275)(410)
= =
127,498

= 139mm<d/2

Use 10mm vertical U-stirrups at 138mm on centers


10.

Shear strength carried by concrete;

=0.17 =0.1721 (320)(640)

=159.547kN

Required nominal shear strength

210
= ( ) = ( 0.75)

= 280kN

Nominal shear strength of the section;

= + 280=159.547+

=120.453kN

Using the 2001 NSCP , = 87.512kN


11.

Weight of beam= bh=24(0.3)(0.6)=4.32kN/m

Total dead loa, =4.32+8=12.32kN/m

Live load, =20kN/m



= 2 x = 2 x 4 (102 ) = 157.08 2

a) 2010 NSCP
Shear strength provided by concrete (detailed calculation)


=(0.17 + 17 )

Factored shear at critical section;

Factored load, =1.2(12.33)+1.6(20)=46.784kN/m

R=1/2 =1/2(46.784)(9)=210.528kN

= + d =210.528-46.784(0.52)

=186.2kN

Factured moment at critical section;

=R(d) - d(d/2)

= 210.528(0.52)46.784(0.522 )/2=103.149kN/m

186.2(0.52)
= =0.939<1
103.149


2( ( 25)2 )
4
= = =0.00629
300(520)


=(0.17 + 17 )

=(0.17(1)21 + 17(0.00629)(0.939))(300)(520)

=137.196kN

(0.29 ) = 207.316 ()

= = ( + )

186.2=0.75(137.196 + )

=
111.071kN

Limiting value of (0.66 ) = 471.80kN>111.071kN


157.08(275)(520)
= =
111,071

= 202.2mm

Maximum spacing

(0.33 ) =235.911kN

<235.911kN =d/2=260mm or 600mm

Thus, use s=202mm

b) 2001 NSCP

Shear strength provided by concrete (detailed calculation)

1
=7 ( + 120 ) but not greater than 0.3

Factored shear at critical section:

Factored load, =1.4(12.32)+1.7(20)=51.248kN/m

R=1/2 = 1/2(51.248)(9) =230.616kN

=R- =230.616-51.248(0.52)

=203.967kN

Factored shear at critical section:

=R(d) - d(d/2)
=230.616(0.52)-51.248(0.522 )/2=112.992kN
203.967(0.52)
= =0.939<1
112.992


2 (25)2
4
= = =0.00629
300(520)

1
=7 ( + 120 )

1
=7 (21 + 120(0.00629)(0.939)) (300)(520)

=117.924kN

= = ( + )

=122.037kN
2
Limiting value of ( ) = 476.6kN>122.037kN
3

157.08(275)(520)
= =
122,037

=184mm

Maximum spacing:

1
(3 ) =238.294kN
<238.294kN, =d/2=260mm or 600mm

Thus, use s=184mm


12.

According to 411.6.5 a minimum shear reinforcement is required only when


exceed 0.5.

= (0.1 )

= 0.5. 142000=0.5(0.75)(0.17(1) 27.6 (1.7 )

= 499.4mm

d=(1.7 ) d=(1.7)(499. .4)

d=

Using the NSCP 2001, b=469mm, d=798mm



=2 4 (10)2 =157.082
13.

Shear strength provided by concrete:

1 1
= (6 ) = (6 24)(320)(570)

= 148.929

. =0.85(148.929)=126.59kN

1
. = 63.295kN
2

2
(3 ) =595.716k

1
(3 ) = 297.858kN

1
a) = 50kN< . Beam section capable to carry the required shear.
2

b) = 90kN

1
is less than . But more than . , a minimum area of shear
2
reinforcement is required.

Maximum stirrup spacing 1 =d/2= 285mm


= 3

3 3(157.08)(275)
2 = = =405mm
320

Use s=285mm

c) = 130kN > .

130
= ( ) - = 0.85- 148.929

2
= 4.012kN < ( )
3

157.08(275)(570)
= =
4,012

= 6,136mm

1
Maximum s=d/2 (since is less than < (3) )

Maximum s=570/2=285mm

Use 10mm vertical-stirrups at 285 mm on centers.


d) =290kN
290
= ( ) - = ( 0.85)- 148.92

=192.247kN<(2/3)

157.08(275)(570)
= s=
192.247

s=128mm

1
Maximum s=d/2 (since is less than < (3) )

Maximum s=570/2=285mm

Use 10mm vertical U-stirrups at 128mm on centers

e) =360kN
360
= ( ) - = ( 0.85) 148.929

= 247.6kN<(2/3)

157.08(275)(570)
= =
274,600

= 90mm

1
Maximum s=d/2 (since is less than < (3) )

Maximum s=570/2=285mm

Use 10mm vertical U-stirrups at 90 mm on centers

f) =570kN

570
= ( ) - = ( 0.85) 148.929

=521.659kN<(2/3)

157.08(275)(570)
= = =47mm
521,659

1
Maximum s=d/4 (since is more than < (3) )

Maximum s=570/4=142.5mm

Use 10mm vertical U-stirrups at 47 mm on centers


14.

For much conservative result, the simplified calculation for will be used

=(0.17 ) = (0.17(1)27.6) (375)(570)

= 190.902kN

. = 143.176kN

0.5 . = 71.6kN

=2 4 (10)2 =157.082

Limiting =0.66 = 741.147kN

Criteria for maximum spacing, s =0.33 =370.574kN

Factored uniform load:

= 1.2 + 1.6 = 1.2(45) + 1.6(64)

= 156.40kN/m

R=1/2 = 1/2(156.4)(6)

R=469.2kN

Required shear at any point x from support:


= 469.2-156.4x

Shear strength to be provided by concrete at any distance x from support:

= . =(469.2-156.4)-143.176

= 326.024-156.4x0

at any distance x; = d/2

d from support:

= = 0.57 =326.024-156.4(0.57)=236.876

157(275)(570)
= =104 mm say 100 mm
236,876

Use 8 stirrups @ 100 mm o.c. from face to support:

@ x = 8(100) =800mm

= 326.024 156.4(0.80) =200.904kN


157(275)(570)
= = 122 mm say 120 m
200,904

3 stirrups @ 120 mm o.c.

@ x = 800+3(120) = 1160mm

=326.024-156.4(1.16)=144.6kN

157(275)(570)
= = 170mm
144,600

3 stirrups @ 170 mm o.c.

@ x= 1160 +3(170)= 1670 mm = 326.024- 156.4(1.67)= 64.836kN

157(275)(570)
= =380>d/2, use s=d/2= 285mm
64836

The rest of the stirrups @ 285mm o.c.

Minimum :

S=285mm

0.35
= 0.062


0.062 = 127 2

0.35
=1362

=157 (OK)

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