7th BALKANMINE CONGRESS Proceedings, Prijedor 2017

DOI: 10.7251/BMC170701065M

OPENING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE "ELIJE" DEPOSIT NEAR

GADIN HAN, REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

Saa MITI1, Vuk VUKAINOVI1, Vladislav MILANOVI2, Vaso ANTI2

1
Mining institute Belgrade Ltd., No2, Batajnicki Rd, Belgrade, Serbia, podzemna@ribeograd.ac.rs
2
Belkal Han Ltd., Miloa Obilia bb, Gadin Han, Serbia

ABSTRACT

This paper presents underground opening and development works in the "elije" deposit, which will,
in the shortest time possible, enable starting excavation works in the "elije" mine.
Opening and development, according to the mining and geological conditions in the "elije" deposit,
strictly respecting the safety and enviromental protection measurements, are the most important for
starting and, therefore, sustainability of the planned calcite production.
In order to achieve planned underground rooms production, diesel-powered LHD machines will be
engaged, and the whole production process will be completely compliant with modern trends in
mining industry .

Key words: opening and development, calcite, elije

1. INTRODUCTION

Head office of the Belkal Han Ltd. company is situated in Gadin Han, near the town Ni,
Serbia. Based on the corresponding technical documentation (Calcite Mineral Reserves Study
of the "elije" Deposit Near Gadin Han as Carbonate Raw Material [1]) and Major Mining
Project for Opening and Exploitation of the "elije" Mine (GRP), [2]) According to Study
[1], balanced calcite ore reserves are 1.238.620t.
Quality of calcite from the "elije" deposit is certified by several relevant institutions
(Institute for cellulose in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Institute for technology of nuclear and other
mineral raw materials (ITNMS) Belgrade, Serbia, etc.) It is suitable for industrial applications
due to high whiteness, excellent chemical composition and purity. In the previously
mentioned GRP, it is calculated that the annual ore production is 25,000 t.
Within this GRP, a chamber-pillar method for excavation with open stopes was selected and
defined, with all the appropriate calculations and defined parameters.

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On the request of the Investor, and according to the needs stated, the decision for realizing the
Technical Mining Project for the excavation of the "elije" deposit - Gadin Han from level
k+865 m to level k+924 m (TRP) [3], in which development and the method of excavation is
processed in order to modify the aforementioned GRP, was made, with one essential change -
the application of diesel-powered equipment for loading and transport, instead of compressed
air-powered equipment.
The purpose of this project is to start the excavation phase in the shortest possible time,
starting with the exploitation of calcite, in order to process it further for the needs of the
Investor, whose industrial plant should start operating in 2017. It is expected that the annual
capacity is about 30,000 t of ore, after opening and excavation of the part of the deposit from
level k+865 m to k+924 m; more accurately - 303,246 t of pure ore, after the elimination of
losses by leaving the safety pillars and boards, which ensures the primary life of exploitation
of 10 years, while the part of the deposit below the level k+865 to the level k+835 m will be
excavated later. The project-designing of excavation of this part of the deposit is progress.
This paper presents the opening and development the part of deposit between levels k+865 m
and k+924 m, which is shown in the TRP.
Mode of opening and development of the "elije" deposit is shown in the plan in Figure 1.

Technical description of the opening and development of underground rooms

The opening and development rooms that will be covered in this paper include 5 types of
underground rooms:

Type 1: Export adit -1 (IP-1), Service-transport ramp (STR) and Access corridors (PrH),
dimensions 3.3x3.0 m, without support, light and excavation cross-sections Fs= 8,51 m2,
Fisk= 8,93 m2,

Type 2: IP-1, STR and PrH, dimensions 3,3x3,0m, with steel arc support, bright surface of
cross-section Fs= 8,69 m2, Fisk= 9,6 m2,

Type 3: Ventilation drift - 1 (VP-1), dimensions 2,8x2,9 m, without support, Fs = 7,28 m2,
Fisk= 8,12 m2,

Type 4: VP-1, dimensions 2,8x2,9m, with anchoring support, cross section Fs = 7,28 m2,
Fisk = 8,12 m2,

Type 5: Passing and ventilation raise - 1 (PVU-1), bright dimensions 2.0x2.0 m, with
supporting, if necessary, with woodden frames one on the other ("cribbing" method), if
necessary, in the very top of the passage-ventilation raise. Cross section is to be Fs= 4,0 m2,
Fisk=4,2 m2.
Cross-sections of the underground rooms that are intended for the opening and development
of the "elije" deposit according to [3], (types 1 and 2) are shown in Fig. 2. The cross-
sections of rooms of type 3, 4 and 5 are shown in [2 and 3] and will not be displayed here.
In the following text, due to the large number of rooms, only the most important opening
rooms will be described - IP-1, VP and STR .

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1.1 Haulage adit-1

On the request of the Investor, the opening of the mine is carried out in the premises that are
located on the parcels that are its property and the location and azimuths of the main opening
rooms (IP-1 and VP-1) are defined and determined as shown in the GRP [2].
An Haulage adit-1 (IP-1), which starts with k+862 m, is projected as the main room for the
opening of the pit, under an azimuth of =45. The Haulage adit IP-1 is a type 1 room, or, if
necessary, type 2.. It is made through limestone, with a rise of about 4%, and saves the
altitude difference of 3.0 m.. Endpoint of the IP-1 is at level k+865 m. The length of the IP-1
is L=74.49 m, of which the last 14m passes through the ore - calcite. The IP-1 position is
shown in Figure 1, and the cross-section with the supporting method in Figure 2.

1.2 Service-transport ramp - 865-921 (STR-865-921)

Service and transport ramp STR-865-921 (STR) is a low-gradient slope underground room
whose construction starts from the end of the Haulage adit-1 (IP-1) at level k+865m and is
made up to the highest point of the part of the deposit intended for exploitation, or up to level
k+921 m. The main purpose of this room is to transport the excavated calcite and other
material (limestone) obtained by the construction of underground rooms. STR is also used as
the passage of employees, as well as for the delivery of necessary working materials and
energy. At the same time, through this underground room the work sites and this part of the
pit will be ventilated.
STR is to be constructed through limestone in full length, in the floor, along the calcite ore
vein. Overall length of the STR is 384.36 m. Generally, it is designed with a slope of 18% and
saves the altitude difference of h=56.0m. The beginning of the STR is made in azimuth of
=46, and after the curve the general azimuth is =91. STR is type 1 room, or, if it is
necessary, type 2. This cross-section size is dimensioned for the purpose of using an
underground truck. The position STR-865-921 is shown in Fig. 1, and the cross-section with
the supporting method is shown in Fig. 2.

1.3 Ventilation adit -1 (VP-1)

Ventilation adit-1 (VP-1) is defined by GRP as the main room for ventilation of the pit.
Construction of the ventilation adit-1 VP-1 begins at level k+879,0 m, at the azimuth of
=68. VP-1 is constructed at the length of 76.27m with a slope of 9.50% and saves the
altitude difference from h=7.20 m. Ventilation adit-1 is made up to level k+71,80 m.
Dimensions of the VP-1 are defined by GRP, type 3. The supporting of the ventilation adit-1
is not planned, and if necessary, as defined in the GRP, the support will be carried out with
anchors and, exceptionally, anchors and a steel wire. The position of VP-1 is shown in Fig. 1.

1.4 Ventilation drift-1 (VH-1)

The ventilation drift-1 (VH-1) is also defined by GRP as one of the main pit ventilation room.
It connects the end of the VP-1 and the beginning of the STR-865-921. Construction of the
VH-1 ventilation drift begins at level k+871.80 m and is made at the azimuth of =113. VH-
1 is made in the length of 63.87m with slope of 9.35% and it saves the altitude difference
from h=5.90 m. The VH-1 is made up to level k+865,90m. VH-1 dimensions are defined by
GRP (type 3 or 4). The position of VH-1 is shown in Fig. 1.

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Table 1: Suimmary - opening and development undergroundrooms

Designed length h Real length

Underground room

[m] [m] [m]

(a-b)

STR 865-921 379.35 56.00 384.36

PrH 163.23 0,00 163.23
Other 242.07 - 249.29

Overall 784.65 - 796.88

As shown in Table no. 1, for the opening and development of the "elije" deposit from level
k+865 to level k+924 m it is necessary to construct the total length of L=796.88 m, or about
total length of L=800 m of underground rooms.

2. TECHNOLOGY OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE UNDERGROUND ROOMS

Classical technology will be used to construct undreground rooms for the opening and
development of the "elije" mine. Hole drilling will be carried out by drilling hammers with
support leg and monoblock chisels, length 1,6 m. For blasting, patronized explosive type
"Amonex", which will be activated by electric detonators, will be used.
Ventilation of underground rooms during construction will be performed separately, with
appropriate compression fans with diemeter of =600 mm. After constructing PVU-1 all
throught to the surface, the ventilation of the rooms and the entire pit will be done in
combination, both flow and separation way.
The loading and transport of the blasted material is carried out by a diesel-powered loader
(LHD), with a bucket of about 2 m3, and later, during the excavation, the trucks for
underground mining will be used for transportation of ore from stopes to the surface.
The supporting of underground rooms is not planned, and, if needed, the anchors with steel
wire or the steel arc support, depending on the condition of the working environment.

2.1 Manpower, dynamics and cost of production

For the realization of the projected technology for the construction of underground rooms for
opening and development in the "elije" mine, it is necessary to hire 6 workers by shift:
1VKV (highly qualified worker - shift controller), drilling and blasting 1KV (qualified
worker) and 1PK (half-qualified worker), for additional operations (supporting, etc.) - 1KV
+1PK, and for loading and transport 1KV (operator of LHD machine). The summary of
working effects on the construction of horizontal and low-gradient slope rooms is U=5.88t/per
single shift. According to the dynamic construction plan, in case the rooms are made with one

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attack point, it takes about 13 months for the realization of the mentioned works. If the
Investor decides otherwise, works may also be carried out in simultaneously, with two points
of construction (working heads), where possible. The estimated cost of construction of these
underground rooms is about 356,000 , or less than 450 /per m of excavation.

3. CONCLUSION

In the underdeveloped municipality of Gadin Han preparations for the opening of the
"elije" calcite mine are being made. All necessary documentation has been prepared and
works should begin in September 2017, based on the Major Mining Project (GRP). However,
in order to obtain production of ore more quickly, by the explicit request of the Investor, a
new Technical Mining Project (TRP) was designed, which envisages the excavation phase
earlier, respecting the technical solutions defined in the GRP. In this paper the technical
solutions for opening and development according to the new TRP are presented, with the
description of the underground rooms and the technology of their construction

REFERENCES

[1] Elaborat o rezervama kalcita kao karbonatne sirovine u leitu "elije" kod Gadinog Hana Geoloki
institut Srbije (Serbian institute of Geology), Belgrade, 2011;
[2] Glavni rudarski projekat otvaranja i eksploatacije kalcita kao karbonatne sirovine leita "elije" kod
Gadinog Hana (GRP) - Expert Team, Belgrade, 2016;
[3] Tehniki rudarski projekat otkopavanja leita "elije" Gadin Han od k+865m do k+924m (TRP)
Rudarski institut d.o.o. Beograd, (Mining institute Belgrade Ltd.), 2017;
[4] S. Miti, (2007). Optimizacija pojedinih ciklusa rada kod izrade jamskih prostorija u vrstoj radnoj sredini -
Individual Working Stages Optimization in Underground Rooms Construction in the Hard-rock Working
Environment - master's thesis - Faculty of Mining and Geology Belgrade
[5] V. Vukainovi, , (2017). Technical overview of the method of calcite exploatation in the "Celije" deposit
near Gadin Han - master's thesis - Faculty of Mining and Geology Belgrade;
[6] Technical documentation of the "Belkal Han"company Gadin Han.

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