Solved Paper 2016

Metallurgical
Engineering

Read the following instructions carefully

1. There are 65 questions carrying 100 marks of 3 hrs duration in this paper.
2. Questions 1 to 25 carry 1 mark each and questions 26 to 55 carry 2 marks each.
3. Questions 56 to 65 belong to General Aptitude (GA) Type. Questions 56 to 60 carry 1 mark each and questions 61 to 65 carry
2 marks each.
4. Unattempted questions will carry zero marks.
5. For questions 1 to 25 and 56 to 60, 1/3 mark will be deducted for each wrong answer. For questions 26 to 55 and 61 to 65, 2/3
mark will be deducted for each wrong answer.
6. There is no negative marking for numerical answer type questions.
7. Physical calculator, charts, graph sheets and mathematical tables are not allowed in the examination hall.

(1 Mark Questions)
1. For the transformation shown below, if one of the 5. In a typical Ellingham diagram for the oxides, the
eigen values is 6, the other eigen value of the matrix C + O 2 = CO 2 line is nearly horizontal because
is _______ . (a) The slope of the line is equal to the enthalpy
X 5 - 2 x change at standard state, which is approximately
Y = -2 2 y zero in this case
(b) The slope of the line is equal to the entropy change
d2y dy at standard state, which is approximately zero in
2. The solution of the differential equation 2
= is this case
dx dx
(c) CO 2 shows non-ideal behaviour
(a) y = e x + C (b) y = e - x + C (d) CO 2 is a gaseous oxide
(c) y = C1 e - x + C 2 (d) y = C1 e x + C 2
6. Activation energy of a chemical reaction,
[where, C , C 1 and C 2 are constants]
homogeneous or heterogeneous, is graphically
3. If V = x 2 y i$ + y 2 x $j + xyz k$ , the divergence of V is estimated from a plot between
(a) k versus T (b) 1/ k versus T
(a) x 3 y + y 3 x + xyz2 (b) x 2 y + y 2 x + xyz
(c) 1/ k versus lnT (d) ln k versus 1/ T
(c) 5 xy (d) 0
[where, k is the rate constant and T is the absolute
4. The first law of thermodynamics can be stated as temperature]
(a) dE = d Q - d W (b) dQ = dE - d W
(c) dW = dQ + dE (d) d W = d Q - d E 7. The passive film in stainless steel forms above the
(a) Primary passive potential (b) Breakdown potential
[where, E, Q and W denote internal energy, heat and
work, respectively] (c) Transpassive potential (d) Pitting potential
2 | Solved Paper : Metallurgical Engineering

8. During the roasting of a sulfide ore of a metal M, 15. Which of the following cooling curves (shown in
the possible solid phases are M, MS, MO and MSO 4 . schematic) in an eutectoid steel will produce 50%
Assuming that both SO 2 and O 2 are always present bainitic structure?
in the roaster, the solid phases that can co-exist at
Austenite Ac1
thermodynamic equilibrium are
(a) M, MS, MO, MSO 4 (b) M, MO, MSO 4 start

Temperature
50%
(c) MS, MO, MSO 4 (d) M, MSO 4 end Pearlite
Bainite
9. Match the entities in column I with the
corresponding processes in column II.
Ms
Column 1 Column 2
S Martensite R Q P
I. Xanthate salts P. Extraction of Al
Time
II. Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans Q. Flotation (a) P (b) Q
III. Hydrocyclone R. Classification (c) R (d) S
IV. Anode effect S. Bacterial leaching 16. The Burgers vector of a dislocation in a cubic crystal
a
(a) I-S; II-Q; III-R; IV-P (b) I-Q; II-S; III-R; IV-P (with lattice parameter a) is [110] and dislocation
2
(c) I-R; II-S; III-P; IV-Q (d) I-S; II-P; III-Q; IV-R
line is along [112] direction. The angle (in degrees)
10. A sub-lance is used to monitor composition and between the dislocation line and its Burgers vector is
temperature in ______.
(a) BOF
17. For the tensile stress-strain curve of a material
(b) Ladle refining furnace
shown in the schematic, the resilience (in MPa) is
(c) Continuous casting mould ______.
(d) Blast furnace

11. The chemical formula of wstite is 510

Stress, MPa

(a) FeS2 (b) Fe 2O 3

(c) Fe 3O 4 (d) Fe1 - x O 360

12. The lattice parameter of face-centered cubic iron

(g-Fe) is 0.3571 nm. the radius (in nm) of the 0.01 0.1
Strain
octahedral void in g-Fe is ______.
13. For an ideal hexagonal-closed packed structure, the 18. A plastically deformed metal crystal at low
temperature exhibits wavy slip line pattern due to
c/a ratio and packing efficiency respectively are
(a) Dislocation pile-up
(a) 1.633 and 52% (b) 1.633 and 74%
(b) Large number of slip systems
(c) 1.733 and 68% (d) 1.733 and 74%
(c) Low stacking fault energy
14. A schematic of X-ray diffraction pattern of a single (d) Dislocation climb
phase cubic polycrystal is given below. The miller
indices of peak A is 19. Creep resistance decreases due to
(a) Small grain size
110
211 (b) Fine dispersoid size
Intensity (a.u.)

(c) Low stacking fault energy

200
A (d) High melting point

20. The operation NOT associated with casting is

(a) Gating
2q (b) Fettling
(a) 210 (b) 220 (c) Stack moulding
(c) 222 (d) 310 (d) Calendaring
 GATE 2016 | 3

p/ 2
21. Of the following welding processes
P Laser beam welding
30. The value of the integral x sin x dx = _______ .
0
Q Submerged arc welding 31. The grain sizes (in mm) measured at five locations
R Metal inert gas welding in an alloy sample are: 16, 14, 18, 15 and 13. The
the width of the heat-affected zone in decreasing order mean, median and standard deviation of grain
is sizes respectively are (in mm)
(a) P > Q > R (b) Q > R > P (a) 15.2, 15, and 1.7 (b) 15.2, 15 and 1.9
(c) R > P > Q (d) P > R > Q (c) 15.8, 15 and 1.9 (d) 15.2, 16 and 1.7

22. Railway tracks are typically manufactured using 32. The change of standard state from pure liquid to
(a) Forging (b) Extrusion 1 wt% for Si dissolved in liquid Fe at 1873 K is
(c) Deep drawing (d) Rolling expressed as
Si (liq) = Si (1 wt%)
23. For dye-penetrant test, identify the correct statement
Given that the activity coefficient of Si at infinite
(a) Pre and post-cleaning of parts are not required
dilution in Fe is 10 -3 , the standard Gibbs free
(b) Internal defects can be detected
energy change (in kJ) for this equilibrium is
(c) Surface oxides helps in crack identification
______.
(d) Dye with low contact angle is required
33. The following experimental data are available for
24. Aluminium powder having an apparent density of
a hypothetical binary liquid system A-B at 1073 K
810 kg m -3 is compacted in a cylindrical die at 600 MPa.
The density of the as-pressed aluminium compact is Atom fraction of A 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0
1755 kgm -3 . If the height of the as-pressed compact is Partial pressure of A 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.08
12 mm, the fill height (in mm) required is ______. (bar)

25. A rolling mill has a roll diameter of 200 mm. If When the atom fraction of A is 0.4, the activity of
coefficient of friction is 0.1, then the maximum possible A in the liquid is _______ .
reduction (in mm) during rolling of a 250 mm thick
34. The lining of a box-type furnace is made up of a
plate is ______.
refractory layer and steel plate as shown in the
figure.
(2 Marks Questions)
Steady state temperature at the surface of the
26. A hot body cools according to the following equation refractory is 1273 K and that at the outer steel
dT surface is 473 K. If the steady-state heat flux
= - CT
dt through the refractory-steel plate composite is
1600 W m -2 and heat flow is along x-direction,
where, T is the instantaneous temperature at time t, and
then the thermal contact resistance (W -1 m 2K)
the constant C = 0.05 s -1 .
between refractory and steel is ________ .
Reduce the differential equation into its finite difference
from using forward difference. For maintaining
numerical stability, the maximum value of the time step
Refractory

Steel plate

Dt (in seconds) is _______. 1273 K 473 K

27. Solve the equation x = e - x using Newton-Raphson Furnace Ambient

method. Starting with an initial guess value x 0 = 0, the
value of x after the first iteration is _______.
28. A coin is tossed three times. It is known that out of the
three tosses, one is a HEAD. The probability of the other
two tosses also being HEADs is _______.
29. The vector parallel to the plane 3 x - 2 y + z = -1 is
(a) $i + $j - k$ (b) 3$i - 2$j + k$
(c) - $i + $j - k$ (d) 3$i - 2$j + 2k$
x
Given data
Thermal conductivity of refractory = 1.2 Wm -1K -1
Thickness of refractory lining = 80 mm
Thermal conductivity of steel = 32 W m -1K -1
Thickness of steel plate = 4 mm
4 | Solved Paper : Metallurgical Engineering

35. The height of a liquid metal column in a cylindrical 41. During isothermal phase transformation (in
vessel is 3.2 m. At time t = 0, liquid metal is drained solid-state), fraction transformed is measured at two
out from the vessel through a small nozzle located at different transformation times :
the base of the vessel. Neglecting frictional losses, the
Transformation Time, t (s) Fraction Transformed, f
initial mass flow rate (in kgs -1 ) through the nozzle
is _______. 75 0.11

150 0.37
36. Match entities listed in column I with their correct
dimensions given in column II. Assuming Avrami kinetics [ f = 1 - exp(- kt n)] , the
Column 1 Column 2 fraction transformed in 300 s is _______.
I. Drag coefficient P. ML-1T -1 42. Zinc oxide is reduced at a constant temperature is a
II. Mass transfer coefficient Q. ML T -2 -1 closed reactor using ZnO(s) and C(s) as the only
starting materials.
III. Viscosity R. M 0 L0 T 0
The following reactions are assumed to be at
IV. Mass flux S. M 0 L T -1 thermodynamic equilibrium.

(a) I-R; II-S; III-P; IV-Q ZnO(s) + C (s) = Zn(g) + CO(g)

(b) I-R; II-P; III-Q; IV-S 2 CO (g) = CO 2 (g) + C (s)
(c) I-P; II-S; III-Q; IV-R Assume ideal gas behaviour. Based on mole
(d) I-S; II-R; III-P; IV-Q balance, the relationship applicable to the system at
equilibrium is
37. Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) produced from a gas
based process contains Fe, FeO, C and remainder (a) p Zn = p CO + 2p CO (b) p Zn = 2p CO + p CO
2 2

being gangue. The chemical composition of DRI is : (c) p Zn = p CO + p CO (d) p Zn = 0.5 p CO + 2p CO

2 2
Total Fe = 92 wt % and metallic Fe = 84 wt %. The
43. The critical nucleus size (in nm) when copper melt is
weight percent of FeO in DRI is _______.
under-cooled by 100 K is
38. Mould heat flux (q m) for billet casters is expressed Given data
(in SI unit) as a function of distance below the Melting point 1356 K
meniscus (z)
Density 8900 kg m - 3
Z
q m (z) = 2.67 - 0.33 10
6
(0 z L m) Solid-liquid interfacial energy 0.5 Jm -2
U c Latent heat of freezing 13000 J mol -1
If mould length (L m) is 0.8 m and casting speed (U c ) Molar volume 7 10 -6 m -3 mol -1
is 0.2 m s -1 , then the average mould flux (a) 0.36 (b) 1.55
(in MW m -2) is ______. (c) 3.65 (d) 7.30

39. In BOF steel making, 5 metric ton of lime containing 44. The density and corresponding crystallinity of two
90 wt % CaO is used to refine 100 metric ton of hot poly-propylene material are given below
metal containing 93.2 wt% Fe. The slag produced Density, kg m-3 Crystallinity, %
during refining contains 40 wt% CaO and 22 wt%
FeO. Neglecting material losses, the yield of Fe (in %) 904 62.8
is ______. 895 54.4
40. In vacuum degassing of steel, 14 ppm of dissolved The density of totally amorphous poly-propylene
nitrogen is in equilibrium with 1 mbar of nitrogen
(in kg m -3) is
gas at 1873 K. At the same temperature, if the
pressure is lowered to 0.7 mbar, the equilibrium (a) 723 (b) 841
nitrogen content (in ppm) is ______. (c) 905 (d) 956
 GATE 2016 | 5

45. A simplified energy band-diagram of an intrinsic Using Miners rule of cumulative damage, the
semiconductor at thermal equilibrium (300 K) is remaining fatigue life (in terms of number of cycles)
shown. In the accompanying table, which one of the at stress of 250 MPa is _______.
four columns correctly represents the listed 800
parameters? Assume same effective mass for
electrons and holes. 600
Vacuum 420 MPa
level

S,MPa
400 300 MPa
Electron Energy (E)

200
DE2 250 MPa
2000 5000 8800
Fermi 0
DE1 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
level
N

48. A glass plate has two parallel cracks. One of them is

an internal crack of length 5 mm and the other is a
surface crack of length 3 mm. A tensile stress is
Energy-difference applied perpendicular to the crack surfaces. The
Parameter fracture stress (in MPa) is _______
Column I Column II Column III Column IV
Given data (for glass plate)
Band-gap DE 2 DE1 DE 2 DE1 Youngs modulus = 70 GPa
Electron affinity DE1 /2 DE 2 - DE1 DE 2 /2 DE 2 - ( DE1 /2 ) Surface energy per unit area = 1 Jm -2
Work function DE1 + DE 2 DE 2 - ( DE1 /2 ) DE1 - ( DE 2 /2 ) DE 2 + ( DE1 /2 ) 49. A tensile stress is applied along the [100] direction in
a FCC metal crystal. The critical resolved shear stress
is 6 MPa. The tensile stress (in MPa) required for
(a) Column I (b) Column II
initiating slip on the (111) slip plane is _______ .
(c) Column III (d) Column IV
50. For a BCC metal the ratio of the surface energy per
46. A binary phase diagram is shown in the schematic. unit area of the (100) plane to that of the (110)
plane is _______ .
51. For a polymer reinforced with 40 vol.% glass fiber,
a+L L the elastic modulus (in GPa) along the transverse
b+L
Temperature

61.9
b direction is
a
(a) 5.6 (b) 8.1 (c) 30.1 (d) 43.4
97.8
18.3 [E glass fiber = 70 GPa ; E polymer = 3.5 GPa ]
a+b
52. In a sand-mould, a sprue of 0.25 m height and a top
cross-section area of 2.2 m 2 is provided to maintain
A wt%B B the melt flow rate at 4 m 3s -1 . To prevent aspiration
of molten, metal, the maximum cross-section area
Upon complete solidification of a binary alloy system (in m 2 ) at the base of the sprue is _______.
A-B, the fraction of pro-eutectic a-phase present is
0.50. The alloy composition in terms of wt%. B is 53. For casting a cylindrical aluminium bloom having a
_______. length of 1000 mm and diameter of 750 mm, the
approximate solidification time (in minutes)
47. Fatique behaviour of an aluminium alloy is shown in estimated using Chvorinovs rule is
the S-N plot. A piston rod made of this material is (a) 45 (b) 316 (c) 440 (d) 620
subjected to (i) 1000 cycles at 420 MPa, followed by [The mould constant is 2 s/mm 2 ]
(ii) 1000 cycles at 300 MPa.
6 | Solved Paper : Metallurgical Engineering

54. A liquid phase sintered SiC-Ni composite has a annual rates of interest offered by these companies
solid-solid grain boundary energy (g SiC-SiC ) of are shown by the line graph provided below.
0.80 Jm -2 and a solid-liquid (g SiC-Ni ) interfacial energy P 9 9.5 10
Q 9
of 0.45 Jm -2 . For a SiC grain size of 20 mm, the 8
average interparticle (SiC-SiC) neck size (in mm) is 7 8 8 8
7.5
6.5 6.5 6
(a) 3.03 (b) 4.28 (c) 9.16 (d) 18.32
4
55. Match the deformation processes in column I with
the corresponding stress states listed in column II. 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Column I Column II If the amounts invested in the companies, P and Q,

in 2006 are in the ratio 8 : 9, then the amounts
I. Wire drawing P. Direct compression
received after one year as interests from companies P
II. Forging Q. Indirect compression and Q would be in the ratio
III. Stretch forming R. Tension (a) 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 4 (c) 6 : 7 (d) 4 : 3

IV. Cutting S. Shear 62. Today, we consider Ashoka as a great ruler because of
the copious evidence he left behind in the form of
(a) I-P; II-Q; III-R; IV-S (b) I-P; II-Q; III-S; IV-R stone carved edicts. Historians tend to correlate
(c) I-Q; II-P; III-R; IV-S (d) I-Q; II-P; III-S; IV-R greatness of a king at his time with the availability of
evidence today.
Which of the following can be logically inferred from
the above sentences?
(1 Mark Questions)
(a) Emperors who do not leave significant sculpted
evidence are completely forgotten.
56. If I were you, I ______ that laptop. Its much too
expensive. (b) Ashoka produced stone carved edicts to ensure that
later historians will respect him.
(a) wont buy (b) shant buy
(c) Statues of kings are a reminder of their greatness.
(c) wouldnt buy (d) would buy
(d) A kings greatness, as we know him today, is
57. He turned a deaf ear to my request. interpreted by historians.

What does the underlined phrasal verb mean? 63. Fact 1 : Humans are mammals.
(a) ignored (b) appreciated (c) twisted (d) returned Fact 2 : Some humans are engineers.
58. Choose the most appropriate set of words from the Fact 3 : Engineers build houses.
options given below to complete the following If the above statements are facts, which of the
sentence.______ ______ is a will, ______ is a way. following can be logically inferred?
(a) Wear, there, their (b) Were, their, there I. All mammals build houses.
(c) Where, there, there (d) Where, their, their II. Engineers are mammals.
III. Some humans are not engineers.
59. (x% of y) + (y% of x) is equivalent to ______.
(a) Only II (b) Only III
(a) 2% of xy (b) 2% of (xy /100)
(c) I, II and III (d) Only I
(c) xy% of 100 (d) 100% of xy
64. A square pyramid has a base perimeter x, and the
60. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 12. If
slant height is half of the perimeter. What is the
the new number formed by reversing the digits is
lateral surface area of the pyramid?
greater than the original number by 54, then find the
(a) x 2 (b) 0.75 x 2 (c) 0.50 x 2 (d) 0.25 x 2
original number.
(a) 39 (b) 57 (c) 66 (d) 93 65. Ananth takes 6 h and Bharath takes 4 h to read a
book. Both started reading copies of the book at the
(2 Marks Questions) same time. After how many hours is the number of
61. Two finance companies, P and Q declared fixed pages to be read by Ananth, twice that to be read by
annual rates of interest on the amounts invested Bharath? Assume Ananth and Bharath read all the
with them. The rates of the interest offered by these pages with constant pace.
companies may differ from year to year. Year-wise (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
 X 5 -2 x where, DH is the enthalpy change and DS is the entropy
1. (1) Given, matrix =
Y -2 2 y change.
5 -2 DGF
Ag2O
Here, A =
-2 2 0 T = 2500C
CuO
Now, evaluate A - lI = 0 FeO
5 - l -2 1/3 Cr2O3
A - lI = =0 1/3 Al2O3
-2 2 - l
1/2 CO2
(5 - l )(2 - l ) - 4 = 0
10 - 7 l + l2 - 4 = 0 CO
l2 - 7 l + 6 = 0
The above equation is the characteristic equation.
The line of formation of CO 2 is approximately horizontal,
l2 - 7 l + 6 = 0 since the reaction
(l - 6)(l - 1) = 0 C(s ) + O 2 (g ) CO 2 (g )
l = 6 and 1 are two eigenvalues. leaves the number of moles of gas unchanged so that
2. (d) Given, differential equation the entropy change DS is small or approximately zero.
d 2 y dy 6. (d) The Arrhenius equation gives the quantitative basis of the
=
dx 2 dx relationship between the activation energy and the rate at
d 2 y dy which a reaction proceeds. From the Arrhenius equation,
- =0 the activation energy can be found through the relation
dx 2 dx
The auxiliary equation is k = Ae -Ea / RT
m2 - m = 0 Taking log on both sides
m(m - 1) = 0 ln k = A (- Ea/RT)
m = 1 and 0 From the above equation, it is understood that activation
energy of a chemical reaction can be estimated from the
\ y = C1 e x + C 2 e 0 x
graph plotted between ln k versus 1/T.
y = C1 e x + C 2
7. (a) The electrochemical basis of active-passive behavior of
3. (c) Given, V = x y i + y 2 x$j + xyzk$
2 $
stainless steel is illustrated in figure.
divV = V
$ $ 2 $
= $i + j+ k (x y i + y 2 x$j + xyzk$ ) Transpassive
x y z
2 2 E Passive
= (x y ) + (y x ) + (xyz )
x y z
ipass
= 2 xy + 2 xy + xy EPP
div V = 5xy icrit Active
4. (a) First law of thermodynamics is based on the
conservation of energy. According to this law, the change where, EPP = primary passive potential, above which
in internal energy of a system is the heat added to the passive film becomes stable.
system minus the work done by the system. icrit = critical passivating anodic current density, at which
dE = dQ - dW passivity is induced.
where, dE = change in internal energy of the system ipass = passive current density.
dQ = the amount of heat added to the system In the diagram, it is shown that the passive film in
dW = the amount of work done by the system stainless steel forms above the primary passive potential,
5. (b) Ellingham diagrams are some particular graphical form of EPP .
the principle that the thermodynamic feasibility of a 8. (c) Roasting is a metallurgical process involving gas-solid
reaction depends on the sign of DG, the Gibbs free reactions at elevated temperatures with the goal of
energy change, which is equal to DH - TDS. purifying the metal component(s).
8 | Solved Paper : Metallurgical Engineering

In the given question, solid is metal M and gases are Packing fraction (or efficiency) = 74%
SO 2 and O 2 . In equilibrium condition, the metal phase
could form any of the combination.
9. (b) In mineral processing, certain xanthate salts and
bisxanthates (e.g. Dixanthogen) are used as flotation
agents.
Bioleaching or bacterial leaching can involve numerous
ferrous iron and sulfur oxidising bacteria, including
c/2 a
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (formerly known as
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans) and Acidithiobacillus h
thiooxidans (formerly known as Thiobacillus thiooxidans).
a
In anode effect, the greenhouse gases such as CF4 and An HCP structure
C 2F6 are produced.
In the figure, h is the height of the equilateral triangle and
During this effect, the normal reactions that produce
a is the lattice constant.
aluminum are interrupted and other electrochemical
3
reactions take place with the formations of gases CO, From figure, h = a 2 - (a / 2 )2 = a
CF4 and C 2F6 . 4
10. (a) In BOF (Basic Oxygen Furnace) steelmaking, the Distance x from an atom to the middle of the triangle is
sub-lance systems are used to provide two different 2 2 3 1
x= h= a= a
measurements during and after the blowing process. 3 3 4 3
The first measurement (TSC or Temperature Sample c 1 2
Carbon) per heat is typically the in-blow measurement Also, = a 2 - x2 = a 2 - a 2 = a
2 3 3
which provides the actual bath temperature and carbon
c 8
content as well as a sample at approximately 2 min = = 1. 633
before the expected end of the blow. a 3
The second measurement (TSO or Temperature Sample 14. (b) For BCC, h + k + l should be even.
Oxygen) is executed immediately after end of blow and h2 + k 2 + l 2 hkl BCC FCC
provides the final temperature, the final carbon content, 1 100
the dissolved oxygen content as well as a sample and
the bath level. 2 110 Ist

11. (d) The chemical formula of wstite is FeO. In the question, 3 111 Ist
Fe1-x O. 4 200 IInd
On putting x = 1
5 210
Fe1-1 O = FeO
6 211 IIIrd
12. (0.052) Given, lattice parameter, a = 0 . 3571 nm
7
a
Radius of sphere, R =
2 2 8 220 IVth and IInd
0.3571 9 221
=
2 2 10 310
R = 0.126255 nm
15. (b)
Radius of octahedral void, r = 0.414 R
16. (54.75) Given, dislocation line [t1 t 2 t 3 ] = [1 1 2 ]
= 0.414 0.126255
a
r = 0.052 nm and Burger vector [b1 b 2 b 3 ] = [1 1 0 ]
2
Volume occupied by spheres The angle between the dislocation line and its burger
13. (b) Packing fraction =
Volume of unit cell vector is expressed as
4 3 t1b1 + t 2b 2 + t 3b 3
Vsphere = 6 pr = 8pr 3 cos q =
3 t1 + t 22 + t 23 b12 + b 22 + b 23
2

(8pr 3 ) 1 1+ 1 1+ 2 0 2 2
Packing fraction = = = =
24 2 r 3 1+ 1+ 4 1+ 1+ 0 6 2 12
p 1
= = 0.74 q = cos -1 = 57.75
3 2 3
 GATE 2016 | 9

17. (1.8) Given, s 1 = 360 MPa and s 2 = 510 MPa DPI is based upon capillary action, where low surface
e1 = 0.01 and e 2 = 0.1 tension fluid penetrates into clean and dry
s2 surface-breaking discontinuities. Due to this, in DPI, dye
Resilience = with low contact angle is required. It is used to detect
2 E
casting, forging and welding surface defects rather than
s
where, E = Youngs modulus = internal defects.
e
s 2 e se 24. (26) Given, apparent density of aluminium powder,
\ Resilience = =
2 s 2 d A = 810 kgm -3
360 0.01 3.6 Density of aluminium compact, dc = 1755 km -3
(Resilience)1 = = = 1. 8 MPa
2 2 Height of the as-pressed compact, xc = 12 mm
510 0.1 m
(Resilience)2 = = 25.5 MPa Apparent density, d A =
2 Ax A
As, we know that the resilience is the ability of a m
substance or object to bring back into shape, so 810 = (i)
A xA
Q (Resilience)1 << (Resilience)2 Compacted density,
\ Resilience = 1. 8 MPa is the correct answer. m m
dC = 1755 = (ii)
18. (b) Due to the large number of slip systems, the plastically AxC A 12
deformed metal crystal at low temperature exhibits From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
wavy slip line pattern. Ax 810
19. (a) Creep (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a 1755 = A
A 12
solid material to move slowly or deform permanently 1755 12
under the influence of mechanical stresses. The creep xA = = 26 mm
810
resistance or strain can be expressed as
Q
\ The fill height required is 26 mm.
de Cs m - kT Dh
= b e 25. (1) We know that, sin 2 a =
dt d R
where, e is the creep resistance or strain, C is a For small values of a, sin a ~ tan a
constant dependent on the material and the particular and m = tan a
creep mechanism, m and b are exponents dependent Dh
on the creep mechanism, Q is the activation energy of (m )2 = max
R
the creep mechanism, s is the applied stress, d is the
Dhmax = m 2 R
grain size of the material, k is Boltzmanns constant,
and T is the absolute temperature. From the expression where, m = coefficient of friction = 0.1
of creep strain, it is understood that for small grain size, Diameter 200
R = Radius = = = 100 mm
creep resistance decreases. 2 2
20. (d) Calendering is the process of smoothing and Dhmax = m 2 R
compressing a material (notably paper) during = 0.1 0.1 100
production by passing a single continuous sheet Hence, the maximum possible reduction, Dhmax = 1 mm.
through a number of pairs of heated rolls. dT
26. (20)Given, equation = - CT
21. (b) The heat affected zone of metal inert gas welding is dt
larger than that of laser beam welding but smaller than dT
= - Cdt
that of submerged arc welding. T
22. (d) Rolling is a metal forming process in which metal stock On integrating both sides, we get
is passed through one or more pairs of rolls to reduce log T = - Ct
the thickness and to make the thickness uniform. All - log T
modern rails are hot rolled steel of a specific t=
C
cross-sectional profile.
For maximum value, put T = 10 K
23. (d) Dye Penetrant Inspection (DPI), also called Liquid
Penetrant Inspection (LPI) or Penetrant Testing (PT), is a - log 10 -1 1
t= = =- = -20 s
widely applied and low-cost inspection method used to C C 0.05
locate surface-breaking defects in all non-porous Time can never be in negative value. So, 20s is the correct
materials (metals, plastics, or ceramics). answer.
10 | Solved Paper : Metallurgical Engineering

27. (0.5) Given, x = e-x (x 3 - 15.2)2 = (15 - 15.2)2 = 0.04

f(x ) = x - e - x = 0 (x 4 - 15.2)2 = (16 - 15.2)2 = 0.64
f (x ) = 1 + e - x (x 5 - 15.2)2 = (18 - 15.2)2 = 7.84
5
According to Newton-Raphson method, 1 4.84 + 1.44 + 0.04 + 0.64 + 7.84
f(x ) (xi - 15.2 ) =
N - 1 i =1 4
xn + 1 = xn - n
f (xn ) 14.8
== 3.7
where n = 0, 1, 2, 3 .... 4
For first iteration, put n = 0 Standard deviation = 37
. = 192
.
f(x 0 ) x - e-x 0 32. (- 168.4)
x1 = x 0 - = 0 - 0 - x [Q given, x 0 = 0]
f (x 0 ) 1+ e 0 33. (0.50)
0 -1 1 34. (0.43)
x1 = 0 - =
1+ 1 2 35. (31.5)
x1 = 0.5 m
kg 2
2Fd s
28. (0.1425) 36. (a) I. Drag coefficient, Cd = 2 =
ru A kg m 2
29. (a) Given, 3x - 2 y + z = -1 m2
m3 s2
The normal vector of the given plane
\ [Cd ] = [M 0L0 T 0 ]
N = 3$i - 2 $j + k$
II. Mass transfer coefficient,
In option (a) $i + $j - k$ = v (say) mol
For v to be parallel to the given plane nA s m
kc = = =
v N = 0 = (3$i - 2 $j + k$ )($i + $j - k$ ) ADC A m 2 mol s
m3
= 3-2 -1= 3- 3 0 -1
\ [kc ] = [M LT ]
=0
p/ 2 III. From Stokes law, F = 6 phr v
d
30. (1) x sin xdx = x sin xdx - dx (x ) sin xdx F
kg 2
m
0
Viscosity, h = = s = kg
p/ 2 6 pr v m m s m
= [- x cos x ]p0 / 2 + 1 cos xdx s
[ h ] = [ML-1T -1 ]
0
\
p p p
= - cos - 0 + [sin x ]0p / 2 = 0 + sin - 0 IV. Mass flux = Mass density Velocity field of mass
2 2 2 elements
=1 kg m
j = 3 = kgm -2s -1
31. (b) Given, set of samples m s
16, 14, 18, 15, 13 \ [j] = [ML-2 T -1 ]
On arranging in increasing order 37. (10.25)
Z
13, 14, 15, 16, 18 38.(2.2)Given, qm(Z) = 2.67 - 0.33 10
6

13 + 14 + 15 + 16 + 18 76 U c
Mean = = = 15.2
5 5 where, Z = meniscus
n + 1 0 Z Lm
Median = th number
2 L + 0 Lm
or Z= m =
where, n = number of samples = 5 2 2
0.8
5 + 1 Lm = 0.8 so, Z = = 0.4 m
Median = th number = 3rd number 2
2
Given, UC = 0 . 2 ms -1
Median = 15 0.4 6
qm(Z) = 2.67 - 0.33 10
1 N 0.2
Standard deviation, s = (xi - m )2
(N - 1) i =1
= (2.67 - 0.33 14142
. ) 10 6
where, m = mean = 15.2 = (2.67 - 0.4667 ) 10 6

Now, find (x1 - 15.2 )2 = (13 - 15.2 )2 = 4.84 = 2.2 10 6 W / m 2

(x 2 - 15.2)2 = (14 - 15.2)2 = 1.44 qm(Z) = 2 . 2 MW / m 2
 GATE 2016 | 11

39. (97.9) 40. (11.7) 57. (a) Turned a deaf ear can be perfectly replaced by
41. (0.84) 42. (a) ignored.
43. (d) 44. (b) 58. (c) It is a english proverb
45. (b) 46. (40.1) Where there is a will, there is a way.
47. (2640) 48. (120) 59. (a) Given, x% of y + y % of x
49. (14.75) 50. (1.4) x y
= y + x
51. (a) Given, EG = 70 GPa 100 100
2
EP = 3.5 GPa = xy
100
VG = 0.4 and VP = 1 - VG = 1 - 0.4 = 0.6
The elastic modulus along the transverse direction is = 2% of xy
EGEP 70 3.5 60. (a) Let the two digits of the number are x and y.
EC = =
EG VP + EP VG 70 0.6 + 3.5 0.4 According to the question,
245 x + y = 12 (i)
=
42 + 1.36 and 10 x + y = 54 + (10 y + x )
245 or 9x - 9y = 54
EC = = 5.65
43.36 x-y = 6 (ii)
52. (1.8) From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
53. (d) Given, length of cylinder, h = 1000 mm x = 3 and y = 9
Diameter of cylinder, d = 750 mm \ The original number is 39.
750 61. (d) Given, amounts invested in the companies P and Q in
Radius, r = = 375 mm
2 8
2006 are in the ratio .
Volume, V = pr 2h = 314. 375 375 1000 9
V = 4415625 10 2 mm 3 After one year, the rates of interest on P and Q will be in
Area, A = 2 pr 2 + 2 prh 6
the ratio %.
4
= 2pr(r + h )
8 of 6%
= 2 314
. 375 (375 + 1000 ) \ Amounts received after one year =
9 of 4%
A = 3238125 mm 2
6
According to Chvorinovs rule, 8
n = 100
V 4
Solidification time, t = B 9
A 100
Given, B = 2 s / mm 2 =
12 / 25
2 9 / 25
s 4415625 10 2 mm 3
t =2 12
mm 2 3238125 mm 2 = = 4: 3
9
Q n is usually taken as 2. 62. (d) Except option (d) none of the options can be logically
t = 2 (136.3525)2 inferred.
37184.0136 63.(b) I. All mammals build houses.(7)
t = 37184.0136 s = min
60
Q Only engineers build houses.
t = 619733
. ~ 620 min
II. Engineers are mammals.(7)
54. (c)
Q Engineers are those who build houses.
55. (c)
III. Some humans are not engineers.(3)
56. (c) Would is the past tense form of will. When the past event
is written, then would is used to indicate something that Q It is given in the question that some humans are
was in the future at that point in time. Would not is used engineers, so it is obvious some humans are not
because the laptop is too expensive. engineers rather they can be mammals.
12 | Solved Paper : Metallurgical Engineering

1
64. (d) Lateral surface area = perimeter slant height
2
Given, perimeter = x
1 1
Slant height = perimeter = x
2 2
1 1 1
\ Lateral surface area = x x = x 2 = 0 . 25x 2
2 2 4
65. (c) Ananth takes 6 h to read x (say) number of pages.
x
In 1 h pages to be read =
6
x x
In 3 h pages to be read = 3 =
6 2
Bharath takes 4 h to read x number of pages. It is obvious that in 3 h, the number of pages to be read by Ananth is twice that
to be read by Bharath.