Cascade Control

BITS Pilani Pratik N Sheth

Department of Chemical Engineering
Pilani Campus
Ex 15.10

Extension of 15.10
If time delay of Gp is more than Gd

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Cascade Control

Disadvantage of Feedback control

Wont work until disturbance upset the process

Disadvantage of Feed forward control

Disturbance to be measured explicitly
Model availability

Alternative
Secondary measurement not the disturbance
Secondary measurement is located and identified in such a way that it
recognizes the upset condition sooner than controlled variable
And secondary feed back control
It is Cascade Control

This approach is widely used in process industries

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Natural Draft furnace T control
system conventional Feedback

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Natural Draft furnace T control
system Cascade Control syst

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Cascade Control

Primary Control Master Control

Secondary Control Slave Control
Secondary control loop should responds rapidly
Distinguishing features
The output signal of the master controller serves as the set point for the slave
controller
The two control loops are nested, with the secondary control loop located inside
the primary control loop

Instrumentation
Two controlled variables
Two measurements (Two sensor)
One Manipulated Variable

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Cascade Control

The primary Control loops can change the set point of

the pressure control loop based on the deviations of the
hot oil temperature from its set point
If hot oil temperature is at its set point, the deviation
variable of the pressure set point is also zero

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Exothermic Chemical Reactor

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Design Considerations

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Design Considerations

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Design Considerations

Characteristic Equation

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Ex 16.1

Dr Pratik N Sheth, Dept of Chemical Engg, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus