Presented by

Prasad roshan1982@gmail.com
Cross section view of pump with mechanical seal
Pumping liquid
 NEED FOR SEALS

Seal is a device for closing a gap or making a joint fluid tight

( liquid or gas )

NEED
* To minimize leakage
* To prevent toxic fluids escaping to atmosphere
* To reduce power loss .
TYPES OF SEALS

Static Seals

Dynamic Seals
 STATIC SEALS
Sealing takes place between two parts that dont move in
relation with each other.

Application
- Pipe flanges ,vessel /Tower nozzles, pump casing joint
- Fan /Blower casing joint , Compressor casing joint.
- Turbine casing joint, Heat exchanger joints

Types
- Gaskets
- O-rings
- Liquid gaskets
GASKET

Packing designed to go between two rigid parts in

stationary conditions
May be in form of sheet , strip , bulk.
Properties
Impermeability
Ability to flow into joints
Ageing
Corrosion resistance
Classification of Gaskets
Non-metallic gaskets
Metallic gaskets

Non-metallic gaskets
Asbestos
Cork and rubber
PTFE
METALLIC GASKET
Corrugated
Plain

Asbestos filler
Metal clad
Soft material like asbestos CAF enclosed in metal
covering .
Provides additional mechanical strength
Spiral wound
Alternate layers of v- sections , metallic strip and
non- metallic filler compressed to a predetermined

amount
Metal SS , Monel , Inconel , Titanium.
Fillers Asbestos fibres , PTFE lead, ceramic paper,
 DYNAMIC SEALS
Used for sealing fluid between parts that move in relation with each
other
Application
* Centrifugal pump gland, valve gland , bearing
housing
* Turbine/compressor inter stage and end sealing
* Reciprocating compressors cylinder sealing
TYPES

Gland packings
Mechanical contact seals
Labyrinth seal
Oil seal
Oil film seals
 GLAND PACKING

Enclosed in a stuffing box

Compressive force by tightening the gland plate
produces radial pressure
Slight leakage is allowed for lubrication
Periodic retightening of gland necessary for wear
compensation.
Lantern ring for cooling /lubrication

Stuffing box pressure No of rings

(bar)
up to 35 4
35-70 6
70-140 8
140 10
Gland packing
Braided by PTFE fibre
yarns and used in acids,
alkalis, gas, ammonia,
chemicals, etc.
The packing with PTFE
impregnated (YP006)are
also available.
Spec:6mm - 50mm
GLAND PACKING WITH PERMISSIBLE LEAKAGE
GLAND PACKING
 GLAND PACKING

packing material

vegetable based fibre yarns for oil and water service cotton
hemp flax
textile
asbestos yarns
graphite packings

lubricants
graphite
mica with Mo di sulphide and PTFE dry lubricant
tallow
silicone greases
WHY MECHANICAL SEALS

CONVENTIONAL SEALING
CONVENTIONAL SEALING IS BY MEANS
OF GLAND PACKING .THE PROBLEMS
WITH GLAND PACKINGS ARE:
1] PRODUCT LOSS
2] EXCESSIVE WEAR ON SHAFT & SLEEVE
3] FREQUENT ADJUSTMENTS
4] ENERGY LOSS
PRODUCT LOSS
GLAND PACKINGS WORK ON PRINCIPLE OF CONTROLLED
LEAKAGE FOR PROPER LIFE .
GLAND PACKING HAS TO LEAK TO PERFORM. THE PRODUCT
LOSS RESULTING FROM THIS LEAKAGE CAN BE QUANTIFIED
AS FOLLOWS,

LEAKAGE RATE QUANTUM

ONE DROP EVERY FIVE SECONDS 550
LTRS/YEAR
TWO DROPS PER SECONDS 5500
LTRS/YEAR
STEADY STREAM LEAKAGE 40000
LTRS/YEAR
MECHANICAL SEALS

CLASSIFICATION
By arrangement
1. Single seal
- Inside mounted / Outside mounted
2. Multiple design
- Double seal/ Tandem seal
By design
1. Unbalanced seal
2. Balanced seal
3. single spring
4. Multiple spring
5. Pusher seal
6. Non pusher seal
MECHANICAL SEALS

Components

1. rotary seal face

2. stationary seal face
3. springs
4. retainer
5. sealing /flushing media
6. o-rings
MECHANICAL SEALS
THE BASIC DESIGN OF A MECHANICAL SEAL
COSISTS OF FOLLOWING ELEMENTS.

1] FLEXIBLY MOUNTED SEAL FACE

2] RIGIDLY MOUNTED SEAL FACE
3] COMPRESSION DEVICE
4] DRIVING MECHANISM
5] SECONDARY SEALS
MECHANICAL SEALS

Shaft
 Liquid
Vessel

Shaft

Agitator
blade

Mechanical seal
for arresting
leakage
 Gasket

Stuffing box
Bolt for locking

Seal
follower

Secondary
Liquid
seal

Shaft

Spring Dynamic seal Static seal

Retainer
Discharge

Seal flushing line , liquid took from

discharge line

Static & dynamic seal

PRICIPLES OF MECHANICAL SEALS

IN MECHANICAL SEALS, THE SEALING SURFACES

OF EVERY KIND ARE LOCATED IN A PLANE
PERPENDICULAR TO THE SHAFT AND USUALLY
CONSIST OF TWO HIGHLY POLISHED SURFACES
RUNNING ADJACENTLY.
ONE SURFACE BEING CONNECTED TO THE SHAFT
AND THE OTHER TO THE STATIONARY PORTION OF
THE PUMP.THE POLISHED SURFACES WHICH ARE OF
DISSIMILAR
MATERIALS ARE HELD IN COTINUAL CONTACT BY A
SPRING,FORMING A FLUID TIGHT SEAL BETWEEN THE
ROTATING AND STATIONARY MEMBERS WITH VERY
SMALL FRICTIONAL LOSSES .
LEAKAGE - PATH
CLASSIFICATION OF MECHANICAL
SEALS
1] CLASSIFICATOIN BY DESIGN
A] PUSHER TYPE SEALS
a] Unbalanced seals
1) Single spring type
2) Multi spring type
b] Balanced seals
1) Single spring type
2) Multi spring type
B] NON PUSHER TYPE( BELLOWS TYPE) SEALS
a] Metal bellows seals
b] Teflon bellows seals
CLASSIFICATION OF MECHANICAL
SEALS
2] CLASSIFICATION BY ARRANGEMENT:
SINGLE SEALS:
A] SINGLE INTERNALLY MOUNTED SEALS.
B] SINGLE EXTERNALLY MOUNTED SEALS

DOUBLE SEALS:
A] BACK TO BACK SEALS
B] FACE TO FACE SEALS
C] TANDEM SEALS
SINGLE SPRING SEALS
Gap in between seal faces, resulting
leakage
 Gasket

Stuffing box

Seal
follower
Secondary seal

Liquid

Shaft

Retainer Spring

Dynamic seal Static seal

 Outside mounted mechanical seal

Secondary Seal Stuffing box

seal follower

Gasket

Static seal Liquid

Liquid

Shaft
Retainer
Spring Dynamic seal
 Barrier fluid 1 bar more
than process

Gasket

Process liquid Liquid

Dynamic seal Secondary

seal
Static seal
 Cooling system and API planes

Process liquid is taken heat which is developed by friction of seal face

SINGLE SPRING SEALS
SINGLE SPRING SEALS

ADVANTAGES:
1] LOW STARTING TORQUE
2] NON-CLOGGING
3] LOW SPRING CONSTANT
LIMITATION:
1] DUE TO SINGLE SPRING THE FACE LOADING IS NOT
ALONG THE PERIPHERY OF THE SEAL
FACES,
[HENCE THESE TYPE OF SEALS ARE NOT
RECOMMENDED FOR VERY HIGH ROTATION SPEEDS]
2]NORMALLY UNIDIRECTIONAL
3] REQUIRE LONG AXIAL SPACE.
MULTI SPRING SEAL

NUMBER OF SMALL SPRINGS ARE USED ON THE

PERIPHERY OF THE SEAL FACE TO GIVE A
UNIFORM FACE LOADING.

THESE SEALS ARE COMPACT IN NATURE AND ARE

UNIVERSALLY USED ON MOST OF THE CLEAR
FLUIDS.

DUE TO UNIFORMLY LOADED SEAL FACES THE

MULTI SPRING SEALS ARE A MUST FOR HIGH RPM
APLICATION.
MULTI SPRING SEAL
MULTI SPRING SEAL

ADVANTAGES:
1] COMPACT IN COMPARISON WITH SINGLE SPRING SEAL.
2] SPRING LOAD UNIFORM,i.e. UNIFORM FACE LOADING.
3] CAN BE GIVEN FOR HIGHER SPPED THAN SINGLE SPRING.
4] FOR EACH SEAL SIZE DIFFERENT SPRING NOT REQUIRED.

LIMITATION:
1] MORE EXPENSIVE.
2] SPRING CLOGGING POSSIBLE FOR DIRTY LIQUIDS.
NON PUSHER TYPE SEALS
NON PUSHER TYPE SEALS

ADVANTAGES:

1] SEAL HANG UP DUE TO SPRING CLOGGING OR

CLOGGING OF DYNAMIC ELASTOMERS ON THE SHAFT.
NON PUSHER TYPE SEALS DO NOT HAVE DYNAMIC
ELASTOMERS AND HENCE THIS PROBLEM IS AVOIDED.

2] NO SHAFT OR SLEEVE FRETTING AS THERE IS NO

DYNAMIC ELASTOMERS.
METAL BELLOWS
Metal bellows are constructed
by welding leaflets into a
series of convolutions. This
series of convolutions is
referred to as the Bellows
Core.
The photo shown here is a shaft
mounted Utex-MB.
Now take a look at how a
bellows seal compensates for
face wear.
DOUBLE SEALS
Optically Flat Faces
100 psi

Rotary Stationary
Face Face

0 psi
MOC MECHANICAL SEALS
Primary seal
1. Ceramic
2. Carbon
- Resin impregnated corrosive applications
- Antimony impregnated non-corrosive
3. Tungsten carbide
- Ni binder
- Co binder
4. Silicon carbide
Secondary seal
Elastomers - Nitrile , Neoprene , Butyl,
Hypalon
Non Elastomers - PTFE, Graf oil
Spring
SS 304, SS 316, Hastalloy, Monel, Alloy-20
MECHANICAL SEAL
MECHANICAL SEAL