UNIVERSITI PUTR A MALAYSIA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN

Faculty of Engineering

EEE 4307: ELECTRICAL POWER

GENERATION AND UTILIZATION

ASSIGNMENT 2: LIGHTING SCHEME DESIGN IN

ENGINEER AUDITORIUM, FACULTY OF
ENGINEERING

NAME : MOHAMAD FARIQ BIN RAHMAT (173138)

: NOR AIFAA HANIN BT ISMAIL (174423)
: MUHAMMAD IZZAT FIRDAUS B. ZUKERI (174807)
: AHMAD FARIZ BIN AZINI (180261)

LECTURERS NAME: DR. NORHAFIZ AZIS

DATE : 09 DEC 2016

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC

ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
 UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................. 1
METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................................... 1
TOOL ........................................................................................................................................................... 2
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 2
LIGHTING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................ 3
a) Cost ................................................................................................................................................... 3
b) Energy consumption ....................................................................................................................... 3
c) Illuminance and room surface ....................................................................................................... 3
d) Compliance to standard.................................................................................................................. 3
e) Implementation of the latest technologies on lighting ................................................................. 4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................... 6
CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................... 24
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 24
OBJECTIVES
1. To design the lighting scheme in Engineering and Architecture Library, Faculty of
Engineering
2. To improve the negative impacts or effects of lighting schemes.
3. To provide best guidance of the lighting schemes to the surroundings.

METHODOLOGY
The first step is known about the surface area of the lighting design. The area choose is located at
Engineer Auditorium, Faculty of Engineering. The next step is analyze the design of Auditorium
by checking the electrical components installed in that area. The manual calculation was done to
obtain the number of luminaires, power consumption and overall cost of the lighting design. Then,
the scheme design was simulated by using DIALUX software to analyze the result. The DIALUX
software is commonly used by building services engineers in the industry to show a proper visual
design when a lighting scheme is constructed. With this software, they can design, calculate and
visualize light professionally in area such as rooms, whole floors, buildings and outdoor scenes.
Lastly, the result obtained was compared to the manual calculation.

Figure 1: Flowchart of Methodology

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TOOL
The DIALUX software is used to design the lighting scheme in Engineer Auditorium, Faculty of
Engineering.

INTRODUCTION
Lighting is often seen as intrusive, indicative of increasing urbanization. Lighting in
itself need not necessarily be a problem. However, it can be intrusive where it is excessive,
misdirected or poorly installed. Lighting scheme can bring a range of benefits. It can reduce the
fear of crime, increase road safety, as well as enhance community benefits arising from the greater
use of facilities, and underpin economic activity.

This suggest that lighting should be carefully directed, sensitively designed and as such,
considered as an integral part of any new development proposal.

There are three major functions for lighting of an interior which are to ensure the safety of
people in the interior, to facilitate the performance of visual tasks and to aid the creation of an
appropriate visual environment.

In designing a basic lighting scheme, several factors need to be considered which are sort
of tasks that will be performed in that certain area, the moods that need to be created, standards
legislation that needs to be complied with and the type of lighting that will create a comfortable
environment. The types of lighting that work together in an area that would create a comfortable
environment are ambient, task and accent. An ambient lighting provides overall illumination and
radiates a brightness without glare. The task lighting can perform specifics tasks and should be
bright enough to prevent eye damage. Normally, task lights are used in industrial manufacturing
and assembly, health care, residential lighting and many other interior lighting applications. The
third one is accent lighting that can add drama to a room by creating visual interest such as for
houseplants and paintings.

Everyone should know the basic lighting principles and terms in order to choose the best
energy efficient lighting options for a certain area. There are four basic lighting principles and
terms which are light quantity, energy consumption, light quality and lighting uses. For light
quantity, it should considered the illumination, lumen and footcandle. Illumination is the
distribution of light on a horizontal surface. The lumen is a measurement of light emitted by a lamp

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and the footcandle is a measurement of the intensity of illumination. For energy consumption,
what need to be considered is the efficiency. The efficiency is the ratio of light produced to energy
consumed. In terms of light quality, the color temperature, color rendition and glare should be
taken into account. One can design good quality lighting and yet not achieved good lighting.
Good lighting where the lighting system is technically correct and excites the spirit of the viewer.

LIGHTING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Factors that need to be taken into account when designing the lighting scheme:

a) Cost
b) Energy consumption
c) Illuminance and room surface
The three factors above were discussed in the result and discussion part.

d) Compliance to standard
Lighting in the auditorium, or any general indoor spaces should be designed to enhance
both the overall building architecture as well as the effect of individual spaces within the
building. Consideration should be given to the options offered by direct lighting, indirect
lighting, down lighting, up lighting and lighting from wall- or floor-mounted fixtures, also
these criteria:

i. Energy Efficient Design

Power allowances for normal system receptacles include task lighting. Lighting calculations
should show the effect of both general and task lighting assuming that task lighting where it is
used has compact fluorescent tubes.

ii. Accessibility for Servicing

Careful consideration must be taken in the design of lighting systems regarding servicing of
the fixtures and replacement of tubes or bulbs. This issue needs to be discussed with building
operation staff to determine the dimensional limits of servicing equipment.

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iii. Light Sources

Generally, interior lighting should be fluorescent. Downlights should be compact fluorescent;

high bay lighting should be high intensity discharge (HID) type. HID can also be an appropriate
source for indirect lighting of high spaces. However, it will not be used in spaces where
instantaneous control is important, such as conference rooms, auditoria or courtrooms.
Dimming can be accomplished with incandescent, fluorescent or HID fixtures, although HID
and fluorescent dimmers should not be used where harmonics constitute a problem.
Incandescent lighting should be used sparingly. It is appropriate where special architectural
effects are desired.

iv. Lighting Fixture Features

Lighting fixtures and associated fittings should always be of standard commercial design.
Custom-designed fixtures should be avoided.

As a general rule, the number of fixture types and lamp types in the building must be
minimized.

e) Implementation of the latest technologies on lighting

i. The internet of things

The internet of things (IoT) is the term, used to describe connectivity in devices. Lighting is
an ideal network for internet-of-things services to be built on as lighting is practically used
everywhere, be it indoors or outdoors. With IoT, controls or accessibility is further improved
as functions such as dimming and ambiance can be easily controlled, as compared to manually
tinkering them.

ii. Built-In Light

LED was a big game changer when it came on the market, due to this rapidly changing
technology. Also, LEDs have a lot longer shelf life than other types of lights. However, the
trend towards built in lights may backfire when new lights come on the market. The trend is
still to have external, movable models in addition to built-in LED just to be safe.

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iii. New power technologies

LED luminaires have typically come with a driver that converts the mains electricity supply
into a form the light can use. But now new power technologies are appearing, with a range of
benefits. The latest innovation is power-over-Ethernet, which provides electricity through data
cables.

iv. Wireless lighting

Going wireless is the latest trend worldwide, so it should come as no surprise that its starting
to make its way into the lighting world as well. Technologies that use power line
communication and radio frequencies to control lighting are going to be appearing more
frequently in the lighting world, as wireless lighting in homes have already become common.

v. Healthy lighting

Light influences how productive we are at work, how well we learn and how quickly we
recover from illness. It is gradually getting easier and cheaper for lighting manufacturers to
put this knowledge into practice, and make products that promote health, usually by adjusting
the brightness and color of the light during the day to mimic natural light.

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RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Basically, our main objective in this assignment is to investigate whether the lighting
system that has been applied in the Auditorium of Faculty Engineering is good enough or still need
to upgrade. 2 thing that student need to be investigated in this assignment which is the amount of
illuminance that produce by lighting system and impact on the total cost that including energy
consumption.

First of all, student must design the real structure inside the auditorium by using DIALUX
software to estimate the real quantity of luminance. Before designing the structure, student must
know the exact value of height, length and width of auditorium. Besides that, they also must know
type and quantity of luminaire that have been used in the auditorium. To find out all this
information, student find out the real layout for auditorium of faculty engineering.

6.84 m

Figure 2: Shown the front view of auditorium.

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Figure 3: Shown the Floor plan of auditorium.

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 Figure 4: Shown the blue print for electrical layout inside the auditorium.

From this 3 figure, student can analyze the height from ceiling to workplane is 6.48 m since
the height of chair is 0.76m. From figure 2 it will show the length of auditorium is 19.6m and
width is 24m including the width of stage. However, for this time, student do not want to calculate
the intensity of light for stage. Thus, the width for target area is only 16m which is only cover for
audience place. Now, student be able to design the real structure and lighting system inside the
auditorium by using the DIALUX software.

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Figure 5: Shown the full design based on layout of auditorium.

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Figure 6: The floor plan using DIALUX software.

Figure 7: Side view for auditorium.

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Figure 8: Distribution of luminance for auditorium based on layout.

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Figure 9: Shown the information for the result based on layout.

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Cost and Energy Consumption for the Engineer Auditorium

It is important not only to design the best possible lighting scheme, but also need to
consider the cost of the implantation. In this case, the auditorium are equipped with its electrical
parts such as air-conditioners, sockets and luminaries.

For luminaires:-

Name GLACIER II LED 6000 HFIX GL

PR L840 ( STD )

General Characteristics
Dimension 340/140 x 485 mm
Weight 6.8kg
Housing Aluminum with satin-grey finish
Shape LED Pendant
Technical Characteristics
Luminaire Luminous 6047 lm
Flux
Luminaire Efficiency 108 lm/W
Luminaire Input Power 56 W Lambda = 0.95
Dimming DALI2 dimmable to 1%
Reflector Prismatic glass with easy bayonet mount to housing
Total Power 56 W
Maintenance Category C ( Closed Top Reflector )

Table 1: The luminaire used for the lighting scheme and its respective specifications ( Type 1 )

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 Name PR PRO L1525 LED 6000-840 HF AC
WH

General Characteristics
Dimension 1525 x 60 x 110 mm
Weight 1.9 kg
Housing Sheet steel with white painted
Shape Trunking System Lamp
Technical Characteristics
Luminaire Luminous Flux 6020 lm
Luminaire Efficiency 128 lm/W
Luminaire Input Power 47 W Lambda = 0.9
Color Rendering Index 80
min
Diffuser Extruded Acrylic
Total Power 47 W
Maintenance Category D ( Enclosed IP2X )
Color Temperature 4000 Kelvin

Table 2: The luminaire used for the lighting scheme and its respective specifications ( Type 2 )

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 Name
VIRGULE LED2600-840
MT3 FL BK

General Characteristics
Dimension 156 x 116 x 207 mm
Weight 0.95 kg
Housing Aluminum with black painted
Shape Spotlight Lamp
Technical Characteristics
Luminaire Luminous Flux 2555 lm
Luminaire Efficiency 91 lm/W
Luminaire Input Power 28.2 W Lambda = 0.9
Color Rendering Index 80
min
Dimming Fixed Output
Total Power 28.2 W
Light Flood Distribution 20o

Table 3: The luminaire used for the lighting scheme and its respective specifications ( Type 3 )

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Cost Estimation based on the layout

Currently Used

GLACIER II LED 6000

HFIX GL PR L840 PR PRO L1525 LED VIRGULE LED2600-840

( STD ) 6000-840 HF AC WH MT3 FL BK

( LED Bulb ) ( LED Fluorescent ) ( LED Spotlight )

47 120
Price (RM) 12

6020 2555
Luminous Flux (Lux) 6047

Nominal Lifetime 35000

50000 50000
(hours)

47 28.2
Rated Wattage (W) 56

Table 4: Comparison between the previous design and current design of lighting scheme

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Estimated Power Consumption (based on layout):-

Types of load Estimated Consumed Power for 12hours

(Wh)

GLACIER II LED 6000 HFIX GL PR L840 ( STD ) 672

PR PRO L1525 LED 6000-840 HF AC WH 564

VIRGULE LED2600-840 MT3 FL BK 338.4

Air-conditioner 1400

1X8W(F)Emergency Light 10

Socket 13Amp 250

Table 5: Estimated Power Consumption by the Electrical Appliance inside the Auditorium

Average power consumption:

Estimated Electric Bills per month

= (Total KilowattsHour Used) X Number of Days per Month X Cost per Kilowatt hour (kWh)

As Malaysia Tariff is RM 0.218 per kWh ,

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For the existing Electrical Appliances used inside the Auditorium:

1. Air-conditioner used : 4
2. GLACIER II LED 6000 HFIX GL PR L840 : 21
3. PR PRO L1525 LED 6000-840 HF AC WH : 36
4. VIRGULE LED2600-840 MT3 FL BK : 6
5. 13 Amp Socket : 14

For air-conditioner:-

In this case, there are a total of 4 air-conditioner are being used. The estimated electric bill per
month is:-

= 5.6 X 30 X 0.218
= RM 36.76

For the lighting:-

For GLACIER II LED 6000 HFIX GL PR L840, the estimated bill is,

= (0.672 X 21) X 30 X 0.218

= RM 92.29

For PR PRO L1525 LED 6000-840 HF AC WH, the estimated bill is,

= ( 36 X 0.564) X 30 X 0.218
= RM 132.79

For VIRGULE LED2600-840 MT3 FL BK, the estimated bill is,

= (6 X 0.564) X 30 X 0.218
= RM 22.13
There is a total of the luminaires used in this auditorium. Hence, the estimated bill is,

= RM 22.13 + 132.79 + 92.29

= RM 247.21

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For the sockets:-

There are a total of 14 sockets used in this auditorium. Hence, the estimated bill is,

= 0.250 X 30 X 0.218
= RM 1.64

Total estimated power consumption:

RM 247.21 + 1.64 + 36.76 = RM 285.61

From this calculation, student can conclude, every month UPM have to pay more just for
electric bill for auditorium. This calculation still not include the maintenance cost. The luminance
for this room is good enough because it still in range and almost 500 lux. Thus, student want
redesign back the lighting system so that they can apply what they have learn in class and improve
the lighting system in terms of cost and efficiency of lighting.

Now, student must know the value of utilization factor for auditorium. First they must find
the room reflectance depend on the colour of ceiling, walls and floors. For ceiling, it consist almost
80% because of their colour is white, while walls consist 10% because the colour of wall is dark
brown and floor achieve almost 20% because the colour is maroon. Below shown the calculation
for room index and student assume SHR equal to 1.5:1. After calculate refer table 1 to find out the
value of UF. For MF (maintenance factor), student already take the value that have been given in
the simulation.

(.)
= (+)

= (19.5 x 16) / 35.5 x 6.84

= 1.28

SHR =

S = 1.5 x 6.48

S = 10.26 m

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 Table 1: Utilization factor table

Now, student be able to calculate number of luminaires inside the auditorium (audience
space). To redesign this lighting system, student decide to use 2 twin lamp for 1 luminaire.

(500)(312)
N = (26020)(0.8)(0.62)

N = 26 luminaire

For this time, student will decide to use only 4 rows.

So, the number of luminaire per row is
26
= 4

= 6.5 ~ 8 luminaire per row.

Now, student able to design the new lighting using the DIALUX software.

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Figure 10: Shown the redesign the lighting system of auditorium.

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 Figure 11: Distribution of luminance for auditorium (redesign).

Figure 12: Shown the result for redesign the lighting system of auditorium.

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For the re-designed electrical appliances used inside the Auditorium:

1. Air-conditioner used : 4
2. PR PRO L1525 LED 6000-840 HF AC WH : 38
3. VIRGULE LED2600-840 MT3 FL BK : 6
4. 13 Amp Socket : 14

For air-conditioner:-

The estimated electric bill per month is:-

= 5.6 X 30 X 0.218
= RM 36.76

For the lighting:-

For PR PRO L1525 LED 6000-840 HF AC WH, the estimated bill is,

= (38 X 0.564) X 30 X 0.218

= RM 132.79

For VIRGULE LED2600-840 MT3 FL BK, the estimated bill is,

= (6 X 0.564) X 30 X 0.218
= RM 22.13

There is a total of the luminaires used in this auditorium. Hence, the estimated bill is,

= RM 132.79 + 22.13
= RM 154.92

For the sockets:-

There are a total of 14 sockets used in this auditorium. Hence, the estimated bill is,

= 0.250 X 30 X 0.218
= RM 1.64

Total estimated power consumption:

RM 36.76 + 154.92 + 1.64 = RM 193.32

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CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, there are many things that need to be consider in order to design a better
lighting scheme in Engineer Auditorium, Faculty of Engineering. The factors that need to be taken
into account are the activity that occur in that area, the ambience needed, the decorative to
emphasize and the type of colors wall. All these factors are important as it can give better
environment as well as can save the energy.

The new design of lighting system in this auditorium just using 2 type of luminance, which
is the florescence and spot light. This will give benefit to UPM because it will reduce the
maintenance cost. Besides that, this design successfully reduce the electrical bill from RM 285.61
to RM 193.32. This design also already improve the luminance for this room.

REFERENCES
[1] Lighting Design Considerations. Retrieved from:
http://www.iar.unicamp.br/lab/luz/ld/arquitetural/diversos/lighting%20design%20conside
rations.pdf

[2] Retrieved from:

http://www.gsa.gov/portal/category/20989

[3] Retrieved from:

http://luxreview.com/

[4] Retrieved from

http://nanoltg.com/

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