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KEYWORD DEFINITIONS IMPORTANCE/ DISADVANTAGE/ EXAMPLE

(WEEK 2) FUNTION / IMPLICATION


PURPOSE /
ADVANTAGE
SMM It is a document Contractor need Ex :
stipulating guidelines on Help in more time to SMMM- use
the method of analyze the prepare BOQ by quantity
measurement of any content if all Increase surveyor
particular trade of person discrepancies in CESMM- use
involves measurement if by civil
apply the not use engineer
same No
method or standardization
guideline in method of
Reduce measurement
contractor will cause
task dispute between
Reduce two or more
party, thus it will
dispute
in increase
Reduce more time and
ambiguities cause extension
in BOQ of time for the
Produce work
efficient work
SMMM It is used in conjunction Efficient, avoid Cannot be Ex:
with building works and delay & loss of predictable Backfilling,Trenches
the quantities are productivity in Not accurate in Planking
prepared by Quantity construction taking Compacting trench
Surveyor work measurement bottom
Act as Take longer
standardize time because
reference to not
prepare tender computerization
proposal
Provide a
uniform basis of
measurement


CESMM It is used civil Help in More risk and Ex :
engineering works and preparing and uncertainty Earthwork, Road,
the quantities are analyzing as it is Must always Bridges
prepared by Civil computerization refer to
Engineer and friendly specification
users. due to no
description
Site A study to examine Important to if not be carry Ex;
Investigation the suitability of the contractor in out properly it Test boreholes,
site, in terms of order to know will affect the Collecting soil
physical properties, the condition of structural samples
geological and the site and the element during
geotechnical, material method that or after the
properties and the need to be construction
environment for applied during phase
construction purposes the
Information and data Able to know
gathered are used in the topography
the design of easy for
structures to ensure transportation
the construction are material
safe, economy and Site survey help
perform satisfactory the contractor
know the exact
location
construction

Earthwork The disturbance of To change the To know the Ex:


land surfaces by ground surface volume of cut Site clearance,
blading, contouring, from some level and fill and also excavation, cutting,
ripping, moving or to a the soil imported trenching
replacing soil by the specification to the site.
excavation or filling level. Not proper
Must not create method of
a slope stability earthwork can
problems cause hazard to
employees and
increase cost
also time
Good method
and flow of
excavation help
the material
management
plan to consider
all project
variable,
calculate the
quantity
correctly,
examine the
disposal issue
Temporary a structure that has protect or can cause
works been done by a support the injuries to the Ex :
contractor f during permanent employee if the Scaffolding,Crane
construction and works temporary work support, Formwork
remove after the to mitigate risk is not setup
construction is to the worker properly and not
complete Should be done being tested first
carefully if not it before use it.
will cause
problem in site.
easier for the
worker to
maintain their
step on the
platform
provide the high
reach for work
on higher wall or
ceiling

Specification Described in detail the Easy to know All the method


work to be executed the method to mention in
be adopted and tender for
facilities that example will
contractor help in
should afford for comparison
it between
Easy to draft the another
budget, tenderer
scheduling
CONTRACT DEFINITION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES EXAMPLE
Lump Sum A contract under To OWNER: Contractor is at higher risk Pedestrian
which an owner Easier to supervise and manage Cost of the project will increase walk
agrees to Much easier to get a loan as this to cover unforeseen Guard rail
compensate to contract provides a high degree circumstances. Lighting
contractor a of certainty. No provision of payment for Painting
specified Owner is not at risk for any over materials at site. Signboard
contracted expenditure. Design of the project need to be
amount for the To CONTRACTOR: completed before the execution
completion of the Will increase their performance activities begin.
project. to complete the work faster
Bigger margin for profit
realization for contractor
Takes lesser time to prepare
tender doc.
Schedule of There are 2 types Lesser time spending on Difficult to estimate the actual Apply for
Rate of Schedule of preparing the tender doc. contract price and cash flow of maintenance
Rate: Experienced engineer able to project or
1) The tenderer forecast the types of works, There is no implied guarantee renovation
is issued with methods need to be done in the that all or any work scheduled work of a
a doc having proposed project before the will be carried out large project
the schedule drawings and specifications are Usually for
of items which completed. This can save time. urgent works
required to
enter the unit
price for each
item.
2) The tenderer
is issued with
printed
schedule of
price fixed by
the engineer
All-In The owner hires a Project can be completed in Liable for both design and Maintenance
contractor who short period of time construction
undertake the The construction can begin Most contractor carry
entire before the entire plan and commercial general liability
responsibility of specification are completed insurance and all risk cost of
the project from because the contractor not even construction insurance to cover
design to bid the tender damage claim because of their
construction and No separation of design and work
also commission construction Lack of checks and balance
Owner participation and Cost of project will be expensive
supervision is not significant as contractor might charge
This collaboration allows the higher for their professional
project to be easily fast cutting service and management
down on overall schedule for the
project.
Management A professional Contractor expertise available to Final cost of project not known A project of
service that design team at the beginning as design building a 5-star
handles all the Construction can commence overlaps with construction hotel
construction work before design is completed as If management contractor does
from start to the work let in package not have the required expertise,
end by using the Useful where complex contract he may not be able to
project requires many design groups contribute to the design.
management and contractor management of
technique, design, the whole process is controlled
construction and by the management
any specialty are Time target more easily met as
provided. later package of the work can be
adjusted
Cost- A contract that the When the works is accelerated, The contractor could increase High risks
Reimbursable contractor so that the contractor could earn his profit by increasing the project
reimbursed the his fee as early as possible contract price
actual cost they The client will also get the Cost of construction increase by
incur in carrying advantage from the early delays, expensive materials,
out the work plus completion poor control in supervision and
with additional fee negative practices during
to allow profit constructions
Target + Cost Contract which Actual cost lower than target No incentive for the contractor if Emergency
the owner agrees estimate, then the balance target they can complete earlier work because
to pay the estimate will be sharing for both Owner can give punishment to insufficient time
complete cost of parties. the contractor due to delayed to prepare a
the project with Contractor can execute work as project detailed
profit and cheaply as possible to avoid doc/tender
overhead losses
Cost + A method of Contract drawn quickly and Contractor only aim to make
Percentage payment to a agreed cost project as high as possible
Fee contractor by the Work can be completed in A proper control over purchase
client in the term shortest time of materials and labours shall
of percentage Suitable for work that cannot be handle the owner or department
executed by other types of
contract due to uncertainty in the
market rates of labour and
material
Cost + Fixed The fixed fee The contractor is not inclined to The contractor may neglect the
Fee charged by the push up the cost of work as his correct procedure to speed up
contractor is an profit from his undertaken job is the work
agreed already fixed. The contractor may try to
predetermined If the work is finished early, the reduce the cost of supervision
lump sum and it contractor could earn his fixed to accelerate with the work, this
may have been fee as early as possible and is an act of neglecting the
negotiated on a utilize the resources on the other correct construction process to
percentage basis job maximize the profit
on an anticipated
cost of work.
Keyword Definition Importance/Function Implication Example
Purpose/Advantages
Provisional Monetary amount To help contractor in -It will be unable Work that
Sum of work that cannot preparing tender to start the project required below
be determined document in order to earlier or on time an existing
precisely during start the construction if there is no structure cannot
preparing tender work provisional sum be determine
document -subject to re- until the existing
measurement structure is
demolished
Prime Cost - Supply of To cover work carried When price cost Labour, plant,
Item labour, out by nominated item increase, the material
plant and subcontractor contract sum also
material increase
such as
door,
window,
tiles and so
on that
provided by
contractor
- Prime cost
= Raw
material +
Direct
labour
Preambles Introduction of BQ To help contractor in It will takes longer - Objective
which is contain tendering process time for of the
background of contractor in project
project, tendering pricing the BQ if - Tendering
procedure and there is no procedure
parties involved in preambles
order to help
contractor in
tendering process
Principle List of principle To assist tenderers in The pricing
Quantities component of work making rapid process in BQ
with their assessment of BQ may takes longer
approximate time as there the
estimated quantities in
quantities to assist unknown
tenderers in
making rapid
assessment of BQ
Daywork Shall comprise -To make the The work may be
Schedule either : arrangement of work delay if there is
1) Various run smoothly no daywork
classes of -Save time schedule
labour,
material
and plant
for daywork
rates to be
inserted by
the
tenderer
together
with the
statement
of condition
2) Statement
that the
contractor
shall paid
for work
executed
on a
daywork
basis at
rates and
prices
Abbreviaton Terms for Easier to be listed in BQ stands for Bill
shortened form of BQ of Quantities
a word or phrase
Statutory A body that set up
body by government to
consider evidence
and make
judgment in some
field of activity
Provisional Measurement that To enable a start on a
Quantities cannot be project to be made
determined without accurate
precisely during quantities
preparing tender
document
CIVIL ENGINEERING
QUANTITIES &
ESTIMATION (ECM442)

Fakulti Kejuruteraan
Awam UiTM Shah Alam

Class: (EC2203C4)

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