Network

Troubleshooting

Accessing the WAN Chapter 8

ITE I Chapter 6 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
 Objectives

Documentation
Troubleshooting methodologies
Summary

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 Network Documentation

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 Troubleshooting with Network Diagram
Physical
Logical

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 General Troubleshooting Process

Three stages

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 Troubleshooting

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 Troubleshooting Methodologies
OSI reference model or TCP/IP model are used for
troubleshooting

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 Troubleshooting Methodologies

Bottom-up
- Start at the Physical layer (Layer 1)

Top-down
- Start at the Application layer (Layer 7)

Divide and conquer

- Select a layer (Layer 2, 3 or 4) and test in both directions from
the starting layer

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 Troubleshooting Methodologies
One layer at a time

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 Troubleshooting OSI Layer 1
Broken cables
Disconnected cables
Cables connected to the wrong ports
Cables used incorrectly
Rollover, crossover, straight-through
DCE/DTE cable problems
Devices turned off

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 Troubleshooting OSI Layer 2

Improperly configured serial interfaces

Improperly configured Ethernet interfaces
Improper encapsulation set
Improper clockrate settings on serial interfaces
Network Interfac Card (NIC) problems

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 Troubleshooting OSI Layer 2
Show ip interface brief
Show interface status
Show interface serial 0/0/0
Show controllers serial 0/0/0
Show running-config

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 Troubleshooting OSI Layer 3

Routing protocol not enabled

Wrong routing protocol enabled
Incorrect configuration of routing protocol
- AS number
- Area

Network statements
- IP addresses
- Subnet/wildcard masks

Incorrect authentication
Route redistribution
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 Troubleshooting OSI Layer 3

Show protocol
Show ip route
Show running-config

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 Summary
Network documentation should include:
Network configuration table
End-system configuration table
Network topology diagram
Using a layered approach to troubleshooting aids in
isolating and solving the problem
3 stages of the troubleshooting process
Gather symptoms
Isolate problem
Correct problem

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 WAN Design and Modification

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 WAN Design and Modification
Analyzing WAN traffic

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 WAN Design - Topology
Star
Full Mesh
Partial Mesh
Hierarchical

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 Common Issues that Occur During WAN
Implementation

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 Summary

Common WAN implementation issues include

QoS
Reliability
Security
Latency
Confidentiality
Public or Private

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